Broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of broccoli cultivation, in particular to a broccoli disease-resistant disease-prevention pollination cultivation method which comprises the following steps: acquiring a seed sample, exposing the seed sample to the sun, soaking the seed sample in warm water, sterilizing the soaked seed sample, and mixing imidacloprid wettable powder with the seed sample to obtain pretreated seeds; sandy loam with good drainage is selected, the PH value of the sandy loam is adjusted and controlled within a standard range, a greenhouse of the sandy loam is built, an insect-proof net and an EVA film are selected and covered, and an experimental field where the pretreated seeds are planted is obtained; the handheld electric vibrator is used for pollination, operation is easy and convenient, and efficiency is high. Compared with natural pollination, the method is not limited by climate and pollination insects, can ensure sufficient scattering and uniform spreading of pollen, improves the pollination success rate, reduces the rate of deformed flower balls, increases the fruiting amount and commodity of broccoli, and brings higher economic benefits to farmer households.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of broccoli cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation of broccoli. Background Technology

[0002] Broccoli, a popular vegetable, is rich in various vitamins, minerals, and bioactive components, possessing extremely high nutritional and market value. In the cultivation of broccoli, pollination plays a decisive role in its yield and quality.

[0003] Currently, conventional open-field broccoli cultivation mainly relies on natural pollination. While natural pollination can meet the reproductive needs of broccoli to some extent, it has many significant drawbacks. Natural pollination is highly dependent on pollinators such as insects and suitable climatic conditions. However, in actual production, climatic conditions are complex, changeable, and difficult to predict and control precisely. For example, in prolonged rainy weather, excessive humidity causes pollen to absorb water, swell, and rupture, losing its activity and failing to complete the pollination process normally; conversely, during hot and dry seasons, pollen may shrivel due to excessive water loss, similarly affecting pollination effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method for broccoli. This method solves the problems of pollen easily absorbing water, swelling, and cracking, losing its activity, and thus failing to complete the pollination process normally; and during hot and dry seasons, pollen may shrivel due to excessive water loss, also affecting pollination effectiveness. The method includes the following steps: Seed samples were obtained, exposed to sunlight, and then soaked in warm water. After soaking, the seed samples were sterilized. Imidacloprid wettable powder was mixed with the seed samples to obtain pretreated seeds. By selecting well-drained sandy loam soil and adjusting the pH value of the sandy loam soil within the standard range, a greenhouse was built for the sandy loam soil, and insect-proof netting and EVA film were used to cover it, thus obtaining the experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds. The pretreated seeds were planted in an experimental field for transplanting, cultivation, and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings; By combining physical and chemical control methods, the broccoli seedlings are protected against diseases and pests. Regular inspections and insect trapping are conducted to ensure the normal growth of the broccoli seedlings until they flower and produce broccoli plants that require pollination. Select broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5cm and pollinate them using a handheld electric vibrator to obtain pollinated broccoli plants.

[0005] Furthermore, the process of obtaining seed samples, exposing them to sunlight, soaking them in warm water, sterilizing them after soaking, and mixing them with imidacloprid wettable powder to obtain pretreated seeds includes the following steps: Obtain seed samples and spread them evenly on a clean drying board, with a thickness not exceeding 2 cm. Place the samples in a sunny and well-ventilated place for sun exposure from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM, turning the seeds over every 2 hours to ensure even heating. Select the sun-dried seed samples and place them in 50℃ warm water. The ratio of seeds to water is 1:5. During the soaking process, use a wooden stick to stir slowly to ensure that the seeds are fully heated. After stirring for 15 minutes, stop stirring and let the seeds soak naturally in the warm water for 2-3 hours. After soaking, rinse the seed samples thoroughly and then soak them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for sterilization. After soaking, rinse the seeds thoroughly with clean water and mix them with imidacloprid wettable powder to obtain pretreated seeds.

[0006] Furthermore, the experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds is obtained by selecting well-drained sandy loam soil, adjusting the pH value of the sandy loam soil to be within the standard range, constructing a greenhouse for the sandy loam soil, and using insect-proof netting and EVA film for covering, including the following steps: By sampling and analyzing sandy loam soil, the type of sandy loam soil was determined, and sandy loam soil with loose texture, good air permeability, and moderate water and fertilizer retention capacity was selected. The pH value of sandy loam soil should be 6.0-7.0. If the sandy loam soil is acidic, 50-100 kg of quicklime per mu can be applied to neutralize it; if the sandy loam soil is alkaline, 100-150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or sulfur powder per mu can be applied to adjust it. Insect-proof netting with a mesh size of 40-60 was used to cover the perimeter and top of the greenhouse. An EVA film was then placed over the outside of the insect-proof netting to obtain the experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of planting the pretreated seeds in an experimental field for transplanting, cultivation, and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings includes the following steps: After the pretreated seeds have grown into seedlings, they can be transplanted when they have 3-4 true leaves. The day before transplanting, the experimental field should be thoroughly watered to moisten the soil and make it easier to lift the seedlings. When lifting the seedlings, use a small shovel to carefully dig them out of the soil, trying to retain as much soil as possible around the roots to reduce damage to the root system. For seedlings cultivated through transplanting, the 3-5 day period after transplanting is the recovery period. During this time, the soil should be kept moist, and watering should be done once in the morning and once in the evening to help the seedlings adapt to the new environment as soon as possible. 7-10 days after transplanting, the seedlings will begin to grow vigorously. At this time, the first top dressing can be applied, with 5-8 kg of urea per acre, to promote the growth of the seedling stems and leaves and obtain broccoli seedlings.

[0008] Furthermore, the method of combining physical and chemical control to prevent and control pests and diseases in the broccoli seedlings, including regular inspections and insect trapping monitoring, ensures the normal growth of the broccoli seedlings until they flower and produce broccoli plants requiring pollination. This includes the following steps: The broccoli seedlings were treated for pests and diseases by combining physical and chemical methods. By regularly inspecting broccoli plants, we can observe whether there are symptoms of pests or diseases on the leaves, stems, and flower heads. We can also record in detail the types, locations, and severity of pests and diseases to provide a basis for subsequent prevention and control decisions. By regularly counting the number of pests trapped, analyzing the occurrence trends and peak periods of pests, we can prepare for prevention and control in advance. Based on the monitoring results and inspection records, we can dynamically adjust the pest and disease control strategies, such as increasing or decreasing the number of times chemical agents are used and adjusting the density of physical control facilities, until we obtain broccoli plants that need pollination after flowering.

[0009] Furthermore, the process of selecting broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5 cm and pollinating them using a handheld electric vibrator to obtain pollinated broccoli plants includes the following steps: When selecting broccoli plants, observe the overall health of the plants and choose plants with bright green leaves, no pests or diseases, thick stems, and vigorous growth. Prepare other tools to assist pollination, such as clean plastic buckets and soft brushes. Clean the pollination site, remove weeds and debris, keep the site clean, and avoid interference during the pollination process. Pollination should be carried out between 9 and 11 a.m. on a sunny, windless day, avoiding pollination during the midday heat, when there is strong direct sunlight, or during rainy weather. Gently touch the vibrator head to the marked broccoli florets and vibrate evenly for 3-5 seconds to allow the pollen on the florets to be fully dispersed. To ensure the pollen is evenly distributed, gently brush the flower head with a soft brush to aid pollination and complete the pollination of the broccoli plant.

[0010] Furthermore, step 7, physical prevention, includes the following steps: Physical control methods are used, and broccoli plants are inspected regularly. Leaves with insect eggs and branches and leaves affected by diseases should be manually removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Pests and diseases are controlled by manual killing and hanging yellow sticky insect boards in the field.

[0011] Furthermore, step 8, chemical control, includes the following steps; Chemical control methods can be used. In the early stages of the disease, when downy mildew is detected, a 600-800 times dilution of 72% cymoxanil·mancozeb wettable powder can be sprayed for control. For soft rot, a 3000-4000 times dilution of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder can be sprayed. Regarding insect pests, if aphids are severe, a 2000-3000 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be used for spraying. To control cabbage caterpillars, a 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate diluted 2000-3000 times can be used.

[0012] In the technical solution provided by this invention, seed samples are obtained, exposed to sunlight, soaked in warm water, and then sterilized. Imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with the seed samples to obtain pretreated seeds. Well-drained sandy loam soil with its pH value adjusted and controlled within a standard range is selected, and a greenhouse is constructed using this sandy loam soil. Insect-proof netting and EVA film are used to cover the soil, creating an experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds. The pretreated seeds are planted in the experimental field for transplanting, cultivation, and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings. Pest and disease control is implemented on the broccoli seedlings using a combination of physical and chemical methods, with regular inspections and insect monitoring to ensure normal growth until flowering and pollination. Broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5 cm are selected and pollinated using a handheld electric vibrator to obtain pollinated broccoli plants. This invention uses a handheld electric vibrator for pollination, which is simple to operate and highly efficient. Compared to natural pollination, it is not limited by climate and pollinating insects, which can ensure that pollen is fully dispersed and evenly spread, improve the pollination success rate, reduce the rate of deformed flower heads, increase the fruit set and marketability of broccoli, and bring higher economic benefits to growers. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0014] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of a broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of a broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of a broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of a broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0020] A method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination, such as Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following steps: obtaining seed samples, exposing them to sunlight, soaking them in warm water, sterilizing the seed samples after soaking, mixing them with imidacloprid wettable powder to obtain pretreated seeds; constructing a greenhouse in well-drained sandy loam soil, adjusting the pH value of the sandy loam soil to within the standard range, and covering it with insect-proof netting and EVA film to obtain an experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds; planting the pretreated seeds in the experimental field for transplanting cultivation and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings; controlling pests and diseases in the broccoli seedlings through a combination of physical and chemical control methods, conducting regular inspections and insect trapping to ensure the normal growth of the broccoli seedlings until flowering and obtaining broccoli plants that require pollination; selecting broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5 cm and pollinating them using a handheld electric vibrator to obtain pollinated broccoli plants.

[0021] Specifically, this invention uses a handheld electric vibrator for pollination, which is simple to operate and highly efficient. Compared to natural pollination, it is not limited by climate or pollinating insects, ensuring that pollen is fully dispersed and evenly spread, improving the pollination success rate, reducing the rate of deformed flower heads, increasing the yield and marketability of broccoli, and bringing higher economic benefits to growers.

[0022] In this embodiment, seed samples are obtained, exposed to sunlight, soaked in warm water, and then sterilized. Imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with the seed samples to obtain pretreated seeds. The process includes the following steps: obtaining seed samples, spreading them evenly on a clean drying board with a thickness not exceeding 2 cm, and exposing them to sunlight in a well-ventilated area from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM, turning the seeds every 2 hours to ensure even heating; placing the sun-exposed seed samples in 50°C warm water at a seed-to-water ratio of 1:5, stirring slowly with a wooden stick during the soaking process to ensure the seeds are fully heated, stirring continuously for 15 minutes, then stopping the stirring and allowing the seeds to soak naturally in the warm water for 2-3 hours; rinsing the soaked seed samples clean, then soaking them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for sterilization; after soaking, thoroughly rinsing the seeds with clean water, and then mixing imidacloprid wettable powder with the seed samples to obtain pretreated seeds.

[0023] Specifically, this invention utilizes the sun's sterilizing and drying effects by spreading the seeds evenly and controlling their thickness during the drying process, exposing them to direct sunlight for specific periods, and turning them regularly. This effectively breaks seed dormancy, enhances seed vigor, and increases germination rate, laying a solid foundation for subsequent growth. During warm water soaking, precise control of the seed-to-water ratio, water temperature, and stirring time ensures the seeds are fully heated, softening the seed coat, promoting internal substance transformation, and accelerating germination. The sterilization treatment uses a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, effectively killing pathogens on the seed surface and inside, reducing seedling diseases. Afterwards, imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with the seeds to prevent infestation by pests such as aphids. The entire pretreatment process is clear, easy to operate, and low-cost, significantly improving broccoli seed quality, reducing planting risks, increasing planting efficiency, and providing a strong guarantee for high-yield and high-quality broccoli.

[0024] In this embodiment, well-drained sandy loam soil with its pH value controlled within a standard range was selected. A greenhouse was constructed using this sandy loam soil, and an experimental field for pre-treated seed planting was created by covering it with insect-proof netting and EVA film. The process included the following steps: Sandy loam soil samples were analyzed to determine its type; soil with loose texture, good aeration, and moderate water and fertilizer retention was selected. The pH value of the sandy loam soil was required to be 6.0-7.0. If the sandy loam soil was acidic, 50-100 kg of quicklime per acre was applied for neutralization; if the sandy loam soil was alkaline, 100-150 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer or sulfur powder per acre was applied for adjustment. Insect-proof netting with a mesh size of 40-60 was covered around the greenhouse and on top. An EVA film was then placed over the outside of the insect-proof netting to create the experimental field for pre-treated seed planting.

[0025] Specifically, selecting loose, well-aerated sandy loam soil with moderate water and fertilizer retention creates a favorable growing environment for broccoli roots, promoting root development and nutrient absorption. Precisely controlling the soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 meets the growth requirements of broccoli, preventing adverse effects on plant growth and yield due to unsuitable soil acidity or alkalinity. When constructing the greenhouse, covering it with 40-60 mesh insect-proof netting effectively blocks pests, reduces pesticide use, and ensures the green and safe growth of the broccoli. Covering the outside of the insect-proof netting with an EVA film further regulates the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse, creating a suitable environment for broccoli growth and improving planting efficiency.

[0026] In this embodiment, pretreated seeds are planted in an experimental field for transplanting cultivation and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings. The steps include: After the pretreated seeds develop into seedlings, they can be transplanted when they have 3-4 true leaves; the day before transplanting, the experimental field is thoroughly watered to moisten the soil, making it easier to lift the seedlings. When lifting the seedlings, use a small shovel to carefully dig them out of the soil, preserving as much soil as possible around the roots to reduce damage to the root system; the seedlings cultivated from the transplanted seeds undergo a 3-5 day recovery period after transplanting, during which the soil should be kept moist, watered twice a day, morning and evening, to help the seedlings adapt to the new environment as quickly as possible; 7-10 days after transplanting, the seedlings begin to grow vigorously, at which time the first topdressing can be applied, with 5-8 kg of urea per acre, to promote the growth of the seedling stems and leaves, thus obtaining broccoli seedlings.

[0027] Specifically, transplant the seedlings when they have 3-4 true leaves, as these seedlings are more vigorous and have a higher survival rate. Water thoroughly before transplanting, and handle the seedlings carefully, retaining soil around the roots to minimize damage and promote rapid recovery. During the acclimatization period, keep the soil moist and water morning and evening to help the seedlings adapt to their new environment. Apply the first top dressing of urea when the seedlings are growing vigorously, providing sufficient nutrients for stem and leaf growth and promoting robust growth. A scientifically sound and reasonable process throughout can effectively improve the quality and survival rate of broccoli seedlings, laying the foundation for high yields and quality in the future.

[0028] In this embodiment, broccoli seedlings are protected against diseases and pests through a combination of physical and chemical control methods. Regular inspections and insect monitoring are conducted to ensure the normal growth of the broccoli seedlings until they flower and produce broccoli plants that require pollination. The steps include: protecting broccoli seedlings against diseases and pests through a combination of physical and chemical control methods. By regularly inspecting broccoli plants, we observe the leaves, stems, and flower heads for signs of pests and diseases, and record detailed information such as the type, location, and severity of the pests and diseases to provide a basis for subsequent prevention and control decisions. By periodically counting the number of pests trapped, we analyze the occurrence trends and peak periods of pests and diseases to prepare for prevention and control in advance. Based on the monitoring results and inspection records, we dynamically adjust the pest and disease control strategies, such as increasing or decreasing the frequency of chemical pesticide use and adjusting the density of physical control facilities, until we obtain broccoli plants that need pollination after flowering.

[0029] Specifically, a combination of physical and chemical control methods is employed, employing a two-pronged approach. Physical methods, such as insect-proof netting, are environmentally friendly, while chemical control can quickly kill pests and diseases. The two complement each other, effectively protecting seedling health. Regularly inspecting all parts of the plant and recording detailed data allows for precise monitoring of pest and disease dynamics, providing a reliable basis for control. Insect trapping and monitoring, including counting pest numbers and analyzing trends, allows for early prediction and preparation for control. Control strategies are dynamically adjusted based on monitoring and inspection results, avoiding overuse of pesticides or insufficient control, saving costs and reducing environmental pollution, ensuring the broccoli grows successfully until flowering and pollination, and improving planting efficiency.

[0030] In this embodiment, broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5 cm are selected. A handheld electric vibrator is used to pollinate the broccoli plants, resulting in pollinated broccoli plants. The process includes the following steps: When selecting broccoli plants, observe their overall health, choosing plants with vibrant green leaves, no pests or diseases, and robust, vigorous stems. Prepare other tools to assist pollination, such as clean plastic buckets and soft brushes. Clean the pollination site, removing weeds and debris to maintain cleanliness and avoid interference during pollination. Pollination should be carried out on a sunny, windless morning between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM, avoiding pollination during midday when temperatures are high, direct sunlight is strong, or on rainy days. Gently touch the vibrator head to the marked broccoli flower head and vibrate evenly for 3-5 seconds to ensure the pollen is fully dispersed. Ensure the pollen is evenly dispersed, then gently brush the flower head with the brush to aid pollen dispersal. The broccoli plant pollination is now complete.

[0031] Specifically, selecting healthy and vigorous plants with appropriately sized flower heads for pollination lays the foundation for high yield and quality. Preparing tools and clearing the site in advance ensures undisturbed pollination and improves efficiency. Pollination should be conducted on a sunny, windless morning between 9 and 11 am, when the environment is suitable for pollen dispersal and survival, avoiding the adverse effects of high temperatures, strong sunlight, or rainy days. Using a vibrator to evenly shake the flower heads, supplemented by a brush, ensures thorough pollen dispersal, significantly increasing the pollination success rate. The entire procedure is scientifically sound and executed with precision and meticulousness, effectively improving broccoli pollination, promoting fruit development, and increasing yield.

[0032] In this embodiment, physical control includes the following steps: regularly inspecting broccoli plants using physical control methods; manually removing leaves with insect eggs and branches and leaves affected by diseases, and destroying them to prevent the spread of pests and diseases; and controlling pests and diseases by manually killing insects and hanging yellow sticky insect boards in the field.

[0033] Specifically, regular plant inspections can detect early signs of pests and diseases, allowing time for subsequent control. Manually removing and destroying leaves and branches carrying insect eggs cuts off the transmission route at the source, effectively curbing their spread and reducing the risk of large-scale outbreaks. Hanging yellow sticky traps in the field uses the insects' attraction to color to reduce their density; manual removal targets larger pests for precise control. The entire solution does not rely on chemical pesticides, is environmentally friendly, ensures the quality and safety of broccoli, and is simple to operate, low-cost, and easy for farmers to master and implement, contributing to the sustainable cultivation of broccoli. In this embodiment, chemical control includes the following steps: For downy mildew in the early stages of disease, a 600-800 times dilution of 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder can be sprayed; for soft rot, a 3000-4000 times dilution of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder can be sprayed; for insect pests, if aphids are severe, a 2000-3000 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be sprayed; for cabbage caterpillars, a 2000-3000 times dilution of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate can be used.

[0034] Specifically, precise application of pesticides in the early stages of disease, such as using 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder to control downy mildew and 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder to treat soft rot, can promptly control the disease, prevent large-scale spread, and reduce losses. For different pests, appropriate pesticides are selected; for example, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is used to control aphids, and 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate is used to control cabbage caterpillars, effectively killing pests. Furthermore, clearly defined pesticide concentration ranges allow farmers to adjust flexibly according to actual conditions, ensuring control effectiveness while minimizing pesticide residues, thus guaranteeing broccoli yield and quality and improving planting efficiency.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination, characterized in that, The method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination includes the following steps: Seed samples were obtained, exposed to sunlight, and then soaked in warm water. After soaking, the seed samples were sterilized. Imidacloprid wettable powder was mixed with the seed samples to obtain pretreated seeds. By selecting well-drained sandy loam soil and adjusting the pH value of the sandy loam soil within the standard range, a greenhouse was built for the sandy loam soil, and insect-proof netting and EVA film were used to cover it, thus obtaining the experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds. The pretreated seeds were planted in an experimental field for transplanting, cultivation, and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings; By combining physical and chemical control methods, the broccoli seedlings are protected against diseases and pests. Regular inspections and insect trapping are conducted to ensure the normal growth of the broccoli seedlings until they flower and produce broccoli plants that require pollination. Select broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5cm and pollinate them using a handheld electric vibrator to obtain pollinated broccoli plants.

2. The broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining seed samples, exposing them to sunlight, soaking them in warm water, sterilizing them after soaking, and mixing them with imidacloprid wettable powder to obtain pretreated seeds includes the following steps: Obtain seed samples and spread them evenly on a clean drying board, with a thickness not exceeding 2 cm. Place the samples in a sunny and well-ventilated place for sun exposure from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM, turning the seeds over every 2 hours to ensure even heating. Select the sun-dried seed samples and place them in 50℃ warm water. The ratio of seeds to water is 1:

5. During the soaking process, use a wooden stick to stir slowly to ensure that the seeds are fully heated. After stirring for 15 minutes, stop stirring and let the seeds soak naturally in the warm water for 2-3 hours. After soaking, rinse the seed samples thoroughly and then soak them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for sterilization. After soaking, rinse the seeds thoroughly with clean water and mix them with imidacloprid wettable powder to obtain pretreated seeds.

3. The broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves selecting well-drained sandy loam soil, adjusting its pH value to within a standard range, constructing a greenhouse using the sandy loam soil, and covering it with insect-proof netting and EVA film to obtain the experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds. This includes the following steps: By sampling and analyzing sandy loam soil, the type of sandy loam soil was determined, and sandy loam soil with loose texture, good air permeability, and moderate water and fertilizer retention capacity was selected. The pH value of sandy loam soil should be 6.0-7.

0. If the sandy loam soil is acidic, 50-100 kg of quicklime per mu can be applied to neutralize it; if the sandy loam soil is alkaline, 100-150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or sulfur powder per mu can be applied to adjust it. Insect-proof netting with a mesh size of 40-60 was used to cover the perimeter and top of the greenhouse. An EVA film was then placed over the outside of the insect-proof netting to obtain the experimental field for planting the pretreated seeds.

4. The method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of planting the pretreated seeds in an experimental field, conducting transplanting culture and water and fertilizer management to obtain broccoli seedlings includes the following steps: After the pretreated seeds have grown into seedlings, they can be transplanted when they have 3-4 true leaves. The day before transplanting, the experimental field should be thoroughly watered to moisten the soil and make it easier to lift the seedlings. When lifting the seedlings, use a small shovel to carefully dig them out of the soil, trying to retain as much soil as possible around the roots to reduce damage to the root system. For seedlings cultivated through transplanting, the 3-5 days after transplanting is the recovery period. During this time, the soil should be kept moist, and watering should be done twice a day, morning and evening, to help the seedlings adapt to the new environment as quickly as possible. 7-10 days after transplanting, the seedlings will begin to grow vigorously. At this time, the first top dressing can be applied, with 5-8 kg of urea per acre, to promote the growth of the seedling stems and leaves and obtain broccoli seedlings.

5. The broccoli disease-resistant and disease-preventing pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of controlling pests and diseases in broccoli seedlings through a combination of physical and chemical methods, including regular inspections and insect trapping, ensures the normal growth of the seedlings until they flower and produce broccoli plants requiring pollination. This includes the following steps: The broccoli seedlings were treated for pests and diseases by combining physical and chemical methods. By regularly inspecting broccoli plants, we can observe whether there are symptoms of pests or diseases on the leaves, stems, and flower heads. We can also record in detail the types, locations, and severity of pests and diseases to provide a basis for subsequent prevention and control decisions. By regularly counting the number of pests trapped, analyzing the occurrence trends and peak periods of pests, we can prepare for prevention and control in advance. Based on the monitoring results and inspection records, we can dynamically adjust the pest and disease control strategies, such as increasing or decreasing the number of times chemical agents are used and adjusting the density of physical control facilities, until we obtain broccoli plants that need pollination after flowering.

6. The method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of selecting broccoli plants with a flower head diameter of 3-5 cm and pollinating them using a handheld electric vibrator to obtain pollinated broccoli plants includes the following steps: When selecting broccoli plants, observe the overall health of the plants and choose plants with bright green leaves, no pests or diseases, thick stems, and vigorous growth. Prepare other tools to assist pollination, such as clean plastic buckets and soft brushes. Clean the pollination site, remove weeds and debris, keep the site clean, and avoid interference during the pollination process. Pollination should be carried out between 9 and 11 a.m. on a sunny, windless day, avoiding pollination during the midday heat, when there is strong direct sunlight, or during rainy weather. Gently touch the vibrator head to the marked broccoli florets and vibrate evenly for 3-5 seconds to allow the pollen on the florets to be fully dispersed. To ensure the pollen is evenly distributed, gently brush the flower head with a soft brush to aid pollination and complete the pollination of the broccoli plant.

7. The method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical prevention and control measures include the following steps: Physical control methods are used, and broccoli plants are inspected regularly. Leaves with insect eggs and branches and leaves affected by diseases should be manually removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Pests and diseases are controlled by manual killing and hanging yellow sticky insect boards in the field.

8. The method for cultivating broccoli with disease resistance and pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical control includes the following steps; Chemical control methods can be used. In the early stage of the disease, when downy mildew is found, a 600-800 times dilution of 72% cymoxanil·mancozeb wettable powder can be sprayed for control. For soft rot, a 3000-4000 times dilution of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder can be sprayed. Regarding insect pests, if aphids are severe, a 2000-3000 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be used for spraying. To control cabbage caterpillars, a 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate diluted 2000-3000 times can be used.

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