Pneumatic lock

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of pneumatic lock, including lock body, lock body two ends are respectively provided with positioning shaft sleeve, positioning shaft sleeve sliding fit has mandrel, positioning shaft sleeve outer wall is also slidingly provided with piston, piston separates into gas cavity and accommodation cavity with lock body, mandrel is sleeved with friction sleeve between positioning shaft sleeve, friction sleeve and mandrel gap cooperation, friction sleeve and lock body are also matched with bearing, bearing includes inner ring, outer ring and retainer, inner ring is sleeved in friction sleeve, and fracture slot is arranged on friction sleeve and inner ring, retainer is arranged between inner ring and outer ring, outer ring is provided with shaft snap spring, first spring is abutted between shaft snap spring and lock body, outer ring inner hole is tapered hole setting, and the end of larger diameter of outer ring inner hole is abutted on piston, second spring is also abutted and arranged between retainer and outer ring. Its simple structure, production and processing are convenient, reliable in use, with good use effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a pneumatic lock. BACKGROUND

[0002] The pneumatic lock plays a key role in many scenarios due to its stable pressure control characteristics and reliable locking performance. In the field of long-term parking sports devices, its application scenarios can be further refined: for daily parking electric vehicles, whether it is a household electric vehicle near a community charging pile or a delivery vehicle parked in a centralized parking site, the pneumatic lock can tightly engage the vehicle wheels or frame through the lock tongue structure driven by air pressure, effectively resisting theft behaviors such as prying and dragging, and is especially suitable for complex outdoor environments; for cars, in addition to the anti-theft needs of household cars parked in open parking lots for a long time, heavy trucks in logistics parks and special operation vehicles in engineering sites can be linked with the vehicle braking system during idle time to avoid property loss caused by accidental sliding; in the field of engineering machinery, such as excavators and loaders on construction sites, and tractors in agricultural production, which are prone to dust and rain erosion during long-term parking, the sealed design of the pneumatic lock can simultaneously consider locking safety and component protection. For mechanical devices exposed in public space, such as outdoor fitness equipment in community fitness areas, small amusement facilities in parks, and simple mechanical teaching aids in school laboratories, after installing the pneumatic lock, they can be unlocked through a dedicated air pressure key or password authorization, thereby eliminating the risk of pinching and bumping caused by children's curiosity touching and non-professional personnel's misoperation from the source; in industrial production scenarios, equipment such as punch machines, cutting machines, and conveyors in factory workshops can be linked with device circuits and air circuits during maintenance or non-working hours, so that even if the start button is accidentally touched, the locking mechanism cannot be operated, thereby providing a protective barrier for the safety of operators and equipment; however, the existing pneumatic lock structure is complex, the production and processing cost is high, and it is not conducive to product promotion and use. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a pneumatic lock which is simple in structure, convenient to produce and process, reliable in use, and has good use effect.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a kind of pneumatic lock, comprising lock body, the lock body both ends are respectively provided with positioning shaft sleeve, the positioning shaft sleeve is slidably fitted with the core shaft passing through lock body, one of positioning shaft sleeve outer wall is also slidably provided with piston, the piston will lock body be divided into air cavity and accommodation cavity, the lock body is provided with air inlet and air outlet on the position corresponding air cavity, the core shaft is sleeved with friction sleeve between positioning shaft sleeve, the friction sleeve is gap fitted with core shaft, the friction sleeve is arranged in accommodation cavity, the friction sleeve and lock body are also fitted with bearing, the bearing includes inner ring, outer ring, roller and cage, the inner ring is sleeved on the outside of friction sleeve, the friction sleeve and inner ring are respectively provided with fracture slot along the length direction of lock body, the cage is arranged between inner ring and outer ring, the roller is rotatably fitted on the cage, the outer peripheral wall of outer ring is provided with shaft circlip, the first spring is abutted between the shaft circlip and lock body, the first spring is sleeved on the outer ring, the inner hole of outer ring is tapered hole, the end of the larger diameter of the inner hole of outer ring is abutted on the piston, the second spring is also abutted and arranged between the cage and outer ring.

[0005] The beneficial effects of such arrangement are: its working principle is: when the cavity is not inflated, there is no air pressure, the first spring is under pressure, pushing the outer ring to move towards the direction close to the piston, at this time the second spring is not under force, in the free stretching state, the roller is under force, the inner ring and the friction sleeve accept the pressure from the roller to make the broken slot close, so that the friction sleeve is locked on the mandrel, at this time the whole device is in the locked state, the mandrel is locked by the friction sleeve; when the air cavity is inflated, the piston is pushed to move towards the outer ring, the outer ring is resisted by the piston and moves, at this time the second spring is still not under force, the steel ball is not under force, the inner ring and the friction sleeve are not under force, and because the inner ring and the friction sleeve have broken slot on the cylindrical surface, the inner ring and the friction sleeve are free to expand and do not contact the mandrel, at this time it is in the open state, the mandrel can move axially and rotate circumferentially; if the inflation continues, the outer ring continues to move, the second spring is under force, ensuring that the retainer assembly does not come off the outer ring raceway. The first spring transmits pressure through the shaft with a clamp spring to push the outer ring to closely fit the piston, so that the outer ring taper hole precisely radially extrudes the roller; the roller transmits the pressure to the inner ring and the friction sleeve after being under force, and because both of them are provided with broken slots along the length direction of the lock body, the broken slots quickly close under the pressure, and the inner wall of the friction sleeve and the outer wall of the mandrel form a tightly wrapped contact. This force transmission path can efficiently convert the elastic potential energy of the first spring into the locking force of the friction sleeve and the mandrel, avoiding the axial movement or circumferential rotation of the mandrel due to external force, especially suitable for electric vehicles, engineering machinery and other scenes that need to be parked for a long time, effectively preventing equipment displacement or theft. At the same time, the clearance fit between the friction sleeve and the mandrel is converted into an interference fit when locked, combined with the wear-resistant material properties of the friction sleeve itself, the locking stability can be further improved, and the service life of the lock can be prolonged. When the air cavity is inflated, the air pressure pushes the piston along the outer wall of the positioning shaft sleeve through the air inlet, the piston resists the outer ring and overcomes the pressure of the first spring to make it move in the opposite direction, and the extrusion of the outer ring taper hole to the roller disappears instantly; after the roller loses the radial pressure, the inner ring and the friction sleeve freely expand due to the elastic recovery ability of the broken slot, and are separated from the mandrel, at this time the mandrel can flexibly realize axial movement and circumferential rotation, meeting the component linkage requirements when the equipment starts. The whole switching process only relies on air pressure driving, without the need for manual operation of mechanical parts, with fast response speed, and by controlling the air inlet pressure, the piston pushing force can be adjusted to avoid component damage due to excessive pressure; the air outlet is arranged to quickly release the air pressure in the cavity, so that the lock quickly recovers to the locked state, suitable for high-frequency switching scenes such as industrial equipment maintenance and temporary unlocking, improving operation efficiency; the positioning shaft sleeves at both ends of the lock body not only provide sliding guidance for the mandrel, but also block external dust and rain from entering the lock body; the accommodation cavity isolates the core components such as the friction sleeve and the bearing from the outside, combined with the sealing effect of the piston on the air cavity, it can effectively prevent the components from being stuck due to impurity erosion.The inner ring, outer ring, roller and cage combination structure of the bearing can reduce the frictional resistance during the rotation of the mandrel, and avoid component wear; especially in the continuous inflation state, the second spring resists the cage and the outer ring, which can prevent the outer ring from moving excessively to cause the cage assembly to separate from the raceway, and ensure that the lock can still work stably under high air pressure working conditions.

[0006] As a further arrangement of the present application, a gap groove is arranged between the friction sleeve and the positioning shaft sleeve, a matching flange is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the inner ring, and the matching flange is clamped in the gap groove.

[0007] The beneficial effects of such an arrangement are that the clamping structure of the matching flange and the gap groove can accurately limit the displacement of the inner ring along the axial direction of the lock body, avoid the inner ring from deviating due to the extrusion of the roller when not inflated, ensure that the stress centers of the outer ring taper hole, the roller and the inner ring are always aligned, protect the force transmission path from deviation, allow the broken slot to uniformly close, and avoid the loosening of the lock caused by uneven force on the friction sleeve. This structure can also improve the linkage stability of the inner ring and the friction sleeve. When the inner ring is subjected to pressure from the roller, the matching flange can transmit force to the friction sleeve through the gap groove, so that the two are deformed synchronously, ensuring that the gripping force of the friction sleeve on the mandrel is more uniform, further optimizing the conversion effect from clearance fit to interference fit, and reducing the mandrel shaking space. Moreover, when the lock is inflated and unlocked, the matching flange can limit the excessive expansion of the inner ring, prevent it from separating from the outer ring raceway, provide accurate positioning for the subsequent resetting of the components for relocking, and continuously protect the locking effect and service life of the lock.

[0008] As a further arrangement of the present application, the friction sleeve is divided into at least two sub-sleeves, and the sub-sleeves are sleeved on the mandrel and gap fit with the mandrel.

[0009] The beneficial effects of such an arrangement are that by dividing the friction sleeve into at least two sub-sleeves and sleeving them on the mandrel, the pneumatic lock performance can be significantly optimized in terms of locking uniformity and failure tolerance. In terms of gripping effect, the multiple sub-sleeves independently form a gap fit with the mandrel, and when not inflated, the pressure transmitted by the inner ring can be dispersed to each sub-sleeve, so that the broken slot of each sub-sleeve can uniformly close, avoiding the problem of local tightness caused by uneven deformation of the integral friction sleeve, allowing the mandrel peripheral wall to be more evenly stressed, greatly reducing the possibility of mandrel shaking due to local clearance, and further strengthening the locking stability. This design builds a failure redundancy mechanism. When a sub-sleeve fails due to wear, abnormal deformation or other reasons, the remaining sub-sleeves can still normally receive the pressure from the inner ring and grip the mandrel, ensuring that the lock will not directly lose its locking function due to the failure of a single component, effectively improving the safety redundancy of the equipment during long-term use or complex working conditions, especially suitable for scenarios such as automobiles and engineering machinery that have extremely high requirements for lock reliability, reducing safety accidents and property losses caused by sudden lock failures.

[0010] As a further arrangement of the present application, the cage is provided with a plurality of pockets, the rollers are arranged in the pockets, and a snap ring is arranged at the edge of the pocket and abuts against the roller.

[0011] The beneficial effects of such an arrangement are that the arrangement of the snap ring in the pocket of the cage and the abutment of the edge of the snap ring against the roller can stabilize the position of the roller from multiple dimensions, providing key support for the reliable operation of the pneumatic lock. The snap ring can also reduce direct friction between the roller and the inner wall of the pocket, reduce component wear, prolong the service life of the cage and the roller, and ensure that the pneumatic lock can still maintain stable motion accuracy when switching between the locked and unlocked states at a high frequency, adapting to long-term high-frequency use scenarios.

[0012] As a further arrangement of the present application, a hole snap ring is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring, and the second spring abuts against the hole snap ring.

[0013] The beneficial effects of such an arrangement are that the arrangement can provide stable and precise positioning support for the second spring. When the pneumatic lock is continuously inflated and the outer ring is moved by the piston, the second spring needs to be compressed to limit the displacement of the cage assembly. The hole snap ring can firmly fix one end of the second spring, preventing the spring from being axially offset or radially skewed due to stress, ensuring that the spring force can precisely act on the cage, stably limiting the relative position of the cage and the outer ring raceway, and preventing the cage assembly from disengaging.

[0014] As a further arrangement of the present application, a abutment step is arranged on the cage corresponding to the position of the second spring, and the other end of the second spring abuts against the abutment step.

[0015] The beneficial effects of such an arrangement are that the abutment step can precisely limit the radial offset of the spring on the side of the cage, preventing the spring from being skewed due to uneven stress when being compressed or reset, and ensuring that the spring force is precisely transmitted to the cage along the axial direction of the lock body. At the same time, the step can also provide a stable stress support point for the spring, reducing the contact wear between the spring and the cage, avoiding the attenuation of the force due to the position shift of the spring after long-term use, further ensuring the limiting effect of the second spring on the cage assembly, and improving the structural stability and operational reliability of the pneumatic lock under high-frequency switching conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Fig. 1 The figure is a cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Fig. 2 The figure is a structure diagram of an inner ring in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Fig. 3 The figure is a structure diagram of a sub-cover in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention provides an embodiment of a pneumatic lock, such as Figs. 1 to 3As shown, including the lock body 1, both ends of the lock body 1 are respectively provided with a positioning shaft sleeve 21, the positioning shaft sleeve 21 is slidably fitted with a mandrel 2 penetrating the lock body 1, one of the positioning shaft sleeve 21 is also slidably provided with a piston 11 on the outer wall, the piston 11 separates the lock body 1 into a gas cavity 12 and a containing cavity 13, the lock body 1 is provided with an air inlet 121 and an air outlet 122 corresponding to the position of the gas cavity 12, the mandrel 2 is sleeved with a friction sleeve 22 between the positioning shaft sleeve 21, the friction sleeve 22 is gap fitted with the mandrel 2, the friction sleeve 22 is arranged in the containing cavity 13, the friction sleeve 22 and the lock body 1 are further fitted with a bearing, the bearing comprises an inner ring 3, an outer ring 5, a roller 41 and a retainer 4, the inner ring 3 is sleeved outside the friction sleeve 22, the friction sleeve 22 and the inner ring 3 are respectively provided with a broken slot 31 along the length direction of the lock body 1, the retainer 4 is arranged between the inner ring 3 and the outer ring 5, the roller 41 is rotatably fitted on the retainer 4, the outer ring 5 is provided with a shaft clamp spring 51 on the outer wall, the shaft clamp spring 51 is in contact with the lock body 1 and is in contact with the first spring 53, the first spring 53 is sleeved on the outer ring 5, the inner hole of the outer ring 5 is tapered, the end of the inner hole of the outer ring 5 with larger diameter is in contact with the piston 11, the second spring 43 is further arranged between the retainer 4 and the outer ring 5. The beneficial effect of such arrangement is: its working principle is: when the cavity is not inflated and has no gas pressure, the first spring 53 is under pressure, pushing the outer ring 5 to move towards the piston 11, at this time the second spring 43 is not under force and is in free stretching state, the roller 41 is under force, the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22 accept the pressure from the roller 41 to make the broken slot 31 close, so that the friction sleeve 22 is locked on the mandrel 2, at this time the whole device is in locked state, the mandrel 2 is tightly locked by the friction sleeve 22; when the gas cavity 12 is inflated, the piston 11 is pushed to move towards the outer ring 5, the outer ring 5 is in contact with the piston 11 and moves, at this time the second spring 43 is still not under force, the steel ball is not under force, the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22 are not under force, and because the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22 are provided with broken slots 31 on the cylindrical surface, the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22 are free to expand and do not contact with the mandrel 2, at this time it is in open state, the mandrel 2 can move axially and rotate circumferentially; if the inflation continues, the outer ring 5 continues to move, the second spring 43 is under force, ensuring that the retainer 4 assembly does not separate from the outer ring 5 raceway. The first spring 53 transmits pressure through the shaft clamp spring 51, pushes the outer ring 5 to tightly fit towards the piston 11, so that the tapered hole of the outer ring 5 precisely radially extrudes the roller 41; after the roller 41 is under force, the pressure is transmitted to the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22, because both of them are provided with a broken slot 31 along the length direction of the lock body 1, the broken slot 31 quickly closes under the action of pressure, the inner wall of the friction sleeve 22 and the outer wall of the mandrel 2 form a tightly wrapped contact.The force transmission path can efficiently convert the elastic potential energy of the first spring 53 into the locking force of the friction sleeve 22 and the mandrel 2, avoiding axial movement or circumferential rotation of the mandrel 2 due to external force, especially suitable for electric vehicles, engineering machinery and other scenes that need to be parked for a long time, effectively preventing equipment displacement or theft. At the same time, the clearance fit between the friction sleeve 22 and the mandrel 2 is converted into an interference fit when locked, combined with the wear-resistant material properties of the friction sleeve 22 itself, which can further improve the locking stability and prolong the service life of the lock. When the air cavity 12 is inflated, the air pressure pushes the piston 11 along the outer wall of the positioning sleeve 21 through the air inlet 121, the piston 11 contacts the outer ring 5 and overcomes the pressure of the first spring 53 to move in the opposite direction, and the extrusion effect of the outer ring 5 on the roller 41 disappears instantly; After the roller 41 loses radial pressure, the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22 are freely expanded due to the elastic recovery ability of the breakage groove 31, and are in contact with the mandrel 2, at this time the mandrel 2 can be flexibly realized axial movement and circumferential rotation, meet the component linkage demand when the equipment starts. The whole switching process only depends on the air pressure drive, without manual operation of mechanical parts, fast response speed, and by controlling the air inlet pressure to adjust the piston 11 pushing force, avoiding component damage due to excessive pressure; The setting of the air outlet 122 can quickly release the air pressure of the air cavity 12, so that the lock quickly recovers to the locked state, suitable for high-frequency switching scenes such as industrial equipment maintenance and temporary unlocking, improving operation efficiency; The positioning sleeve 21 at both ends of the lock body 1 not only provides sliding guidance for the mandrel 2, but also blocks external dust and rain from entering the inside of the lock body 1; The accommodation cavity 13 isolates the friction sleeve 22, bearing and other core components from the outside, combined with the sealing effect of the piston 11 on the air cavity 12, which can effectively prevent the parts from being stuck due to impurity erosion. The combined structure of the inner ring 3, the outer ring 5, the roller 41 and the retainer 4 of the bearing can reduce the friction resistance when the mandrel 2 rotates, and avoid component wear; Especially in the continuous inflation state, the second spring 43 contacts the retainer 4 and the outer ring 5, which can prevent the retainer 4 assembly from being separated from the raceway due to excessive movement of the outer ring 5, ensuring that the lock can still work stably under high air pressure conditions.

[0020] As a further arrangement of the present application, a gap groove is arranged between the friction sleeve 22 and the positioning shaft sleeve 21, a matching flange 31 is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the inner ring 3, and the matching flange 31 is clamped in the gap groove. The beneficial effect of such an arrangement is that the clamping structure of the matching flange 31 and the gap groove can accurately limit the axial displacement of the inner ring 3 along the lock body 1, avoiding the offset of the inner ring 3 due to the extrusion of the roller 41 when the lock is not inflated, ensuring that the stress centers of the outer ring 5, the roller 41, and the inner ring 3 are always aligned, ensuring that the force transmission path is not offset, allowing the broken slot 31 to uniformly close, and avoiding the loosening of the lock caused by uneven local stress on the friction sleeve 22. This structure also improves the linkage stability of the inner ring 3 and the friction sleeve 22. When the inner ring 3 is pressed by the roller 41, the matching flange 31 can transmit force to the friction sleeve 22 through the gap groove, allowing both to deform synchronously, ensuring that the friction sleeve 22 has more uniform grip on the mandrel 2, further optimizing the conversion effect from clearance fit to interference fit, reducing the mandrel 2 shaking space; and when inflated and unlocked, the matching flange 31 can limit the excessive expansion of the inner ring 3, avoiding its disengagement from the outer ring 5 raceway, providing accurate positioning for component resetting for subsequent relocking, and continuously ensuring the locking effect and service life of the lock.

[0021] As a further arrangement of the present application, the friction sleeve 22 is divided into at least two sub-sleeve bodies, which are arranged on the mandrel 2 and gap fit with the mandrel 2. The beneficial effect of such an arrangement is that by dividing the friction sleeve 22 into at least two sub-sleeve bodies and arranging them on the mandrel 2, the pneumatic lock performance can be significantly optimized in terms of uniformity and failure tolerance. In terms of grip effect, multiple sub-sleeve bodies independently form a gap fit with the mandrel 2, and when the lock is not inflated, the pressure transmitted by the inner ring 3 can be dispersed to each sub-sleeve body, allowing each sub-sleeve body to uniformly close the broken slot 31, avoiding the problem of uneven deformation of the integral friction sleeve 22, allowing the mandrel 2 to be more evenly stressed, greatly reducing the possibility of the mandrel 2 shaking due to local clearance, and further enhancing the locking stability. This design builds a failure redundancy mechanism. When a sub-sleeve body fails due to wear, abnormal deformation, or other reasons, the remaining sub-sleeve bodies can still normally receive the pressure from the inner ring 3 and grip the mandrel 2, ensuring that the lock will not lose its locking function due to the failure of a single component, effectively improving the safety redundancy of the equipment in long-term use or complex working conditions, especially suitable for scenarios such as automobiles and engineering machinery that require high reliability of the lock, reducing safety accidents and property losses caused by sudden failure of the lock.

[0022] As a further arrangement of the present application, the cage 4 is provided with a plurality of pockets, the rollers 41 are arranged in the pockets, and a snap ring 42 is arranged at the edge of the pocket and abuts against the roller 41. The beneficial effect of this arrangement is that, by arranging the snap ring 42 in the pocket of the cage 4 and abutting its edge against the roller 41, the position of the roller 41 is stabilized from multiple dimensions, which provides key support for the reliable operation of the pneumatic lock. The snap ring 42 can also reduce the direct friction between the roller 41 and the inner wall of the pocket, reduce the wear of the components, prolong the service life of the cage 4 and the roller 41, and ensure that the pneumatic lock can still maintain stable motion accuracy when switching between the locked and unlocked states at a high frequency, which is suitable for long-term high-frequency use scenarios.

[0023] As a further arrangement of the present application, a hole snap ring 52 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer ring 5, and the second spring 43 abuts against the hole snap ring 52. The beneficial effect of this arrangement is that, by arranging the hole snap ring 52, the second spring 43 can be stably and accurately positioned. When the pneumatic lock is continuously inflated and the outer ring 5 is pushed and moved by the piston 11, the second spring 43 needs to be compressed and deformed to limit the displacement of the cage 4 assembly. The hole snap ring 52 can firmly fix one end of the second spring 43, avoid axial deviation or radial skew of the spring due to force, and ensure that the spring force can accurately act on the cage 4, stably limit the relative position of the cage 4 and the raceway of the outer ring 5, and prevent the cage 4 assembly from disengaging.

[0024] As a further arrangement of the present application, a contact step is arranged on the cage 4 corresponding to the position of the second spring 43, and the other end of the second spring 43 abuts against the contact step. The beneficial effect of this arrangement is that, by arranging the contact step, the radial deviation of the spring on the side of the cage 4 can be accurately limited, the spring can be prevented from skewing due to uneven force when being compressed or reset, and the spring force can be accurately transmitted to the cage 4 along the axial direction of the lock body 1. At the same time, the step can also provide a stable force support point for the spring, reduce the contact wear between the spring and the cage 4, avoid the force attenuation of the spring due to position shift after long-term use, further guarantee the limiting effect of the second spring 43 on the cage 4 assembly, and improve the structural stability and operation reliability of the pneumatic lock under high-frequency switching conditions.

[0025] The above examples are only one of the preferred specific examples of the present application, and the usual changes and replacements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application are also included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A pneumatic lock, characterized in that: The lock body includes a lock body with positioning sleeves at both ends. A spindle that penetrates the lock body is slidably fitted within each positioning sleeve. A piston is slidably mounted on the outer peripheral wall of one of the positioning sleeves, dividing the lock body into an air chamber and a receiving chamber. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the lock body corresponding to the positions of the air chambers. A friction sleeve is fitted between the positioning sleeves and the spindle, with a clearance fit. The friction sleeve is disposed in the receiving chamber. A bearing is also fitted between the friction sleeve and the lock body, and the bearing includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a... The lock body comprises a roller and a cage. The inner ring is fitted over the friction sleeve. Both the friction sleeve and the inner ring have break grooves along the length of the lock body. The cage is positioned between the inner and outer rings. The rollers are rotatably fitted onto the cage. A shaft retainer is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the outer ring. A first spring abuts against the lock body, and the first spring is fitted onto the outer ring. The inner hole of the outer ring is tapered, and the larger end of the inner hole abuts against the piston. A second spring abuts against the cage and the outer ring.

2. The pneumatic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clearance groove is provided between the friction sleeve and the positioning bushing, and a mating flange is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the inner ring, which is engaged in the clearance groove.

3. The pneumatic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction sleeve is configured in a split manner, forming at least two sub-sleeves, which are sleeved on the mandrel and have a clearance fit with the mandrel.

4. The pneumatic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cage is provided with a plurality of pockets, the roller is disposed in the pockets, and a retaining ring is engaged at the edge of the pocket, the edge of the retaining ring abutting against the roller.

5. The pneumatic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retaining ring with a hole is fitted on the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring, and the second spring abuts against the retaining ring with the hole.

6. The pneumatic lock according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cage is provided with an abutting step corresponding to the position of the second spring, and the other end of the second spring abuts against the abutting step.

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