Self-adaptive tower type rotary fire grate

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive tower type rotary fire grate, and relates to the field of fire grates. The self-adaptive tower type rotary fire grate comprises a circular rotary fire grate body installed in a fire grate matched body, the rotary fire grate body comprises an upper-layer fire grate body, a middle-layer fire grate body and a lower-layer fire grate body, the three layers of fire grate bodies are arranged in the vertical direction, the diameters of the three layers of fire grate bodies are decreased layer by layer, and a tower type structure is formed; and the rib plates tear the materials to be combusted in the rotating process of the rotary fire grate. According to the self-adaptive tower type rotary fire grate, under the action of a tower type structure and layered ventilation, oxygen is supplied to materials on different levels of fire grates according to the requirements of the combustion stage, local undercombustion or overheating is avoided, the combustion reaction is promoted to be fully carried out, and emission of incomplete combustion products is reduced; the rib plates not only tear, stir and turn the garbage in the rotating process, but also increase the friction force between the garbage and the surface of the fire grate, prevent the garbage from sliding and ensure uniform combustion of the garbage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grates, specifically to an adaptive tower-type rotary grate. Background Technology

[0002] The grate is a crucial component in thermal equipment such as incinerators and boilers, used to support fuel and ensure its combustion. It provides a stable platform for various fuels, including municipal solid waste, coal, and biomass, preventing them from falling or shifting during combustion and ensuring orderly combustion. Through its structural design and movement, the grate ensures even distribution and thorough agitation of the fuel, increasing the contact area between the fuel and air, allowing for more complete combustion and improved efficiency. For example, in processing municipal solid waste, the grate's movement exposes the encased waste, allowing it to fully contact the combustion air for complete combustion. The grate's speed, angle, and other parameters can be adjusted according to fuel characteristics and combustion requirements, thereby controlling the residence time of the fuel on the grate and achieving precise control over the combustion rate and intensity. For example, when processing waste with different calorific values, the speed of the grate can be adjusted to ensure that the waste is fully burned within a suitable time. Common grates include rotary grates, which achieve multi-angle tumbling and uniform combustion of waste through the rotation of the grate. This type of grate can process small-volume waste and has relatively low footprint and investment costs.

[0003] Traditional rotary grates are mostly single-layer or double-layer structures, with the grate in the form of a flat disc or a conical disc. They are driven to rotate by a motor, enabling continuous movement of waste on the grate surface. However, due to their simple structure, the waste is prone to sliding, not easily agitated or torn, resulting in incomplete combustion, low burnout rate, and high emissions of secondary pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive tower rotary grate that solves the problems of incomplete combustion and low burnout rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an adaptive tower-type rotary grate, comprising a circular rotary grate installed in the grate supporting body, the rotary grate comprising an upper grate, a middle grate and a lower grate, the three grate layers being arranged vertically with decreasing diameters layer by layer, forming a tower structure, wherein the middle grate and the lower grate are each provided with a number of radially arranged stiffeners, the stiffeners tearing the unburned material as the rotary grate rotates;

[0006] The ribs start from the edge of the next grate and extend upwards along the rotation direction of the rotating grate with a spiral angle until they approach the bottom area of ​​the grate above them. The spiral trajectory of the ribs is used to guide the material to be burned toward the next grate.

[0007] Preferably, the rotating grate further includes a main shaft located at its center, the main shaft being connected to each layer of the rotating grate and driven to rotate by an external power source.

[0008] Preferably, the main shaft is provided with a ventilation channel inside, which is used for air intake. The main shaft is provided with a number of ventilation holes that communicate with the ventilation channel and face the layer of grate on the rotating grate that is close to it.

[0009] Preferably, the upper grate is a hollow structure and is connected to the ventilation duct of the main shaft, and the upper grate is provided with a number of ventilation openings along the circumferential direction.

[0010] Preferably, the stiffeners are arranged circumferentially along the rotating grate.

[0011] Preferably, the lower grate and the middle grate are flat plates with a circular cross-section, and the upper grate has a raised top.

[0012] Preferably, a stirring rod is fixedly installed on the rotating grate, and several stirring rods are distributed circumferentially.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The three layers of rotating grate are arranged vertically, with the diameter decreasing layer by layer, forming a tower structure. With the help of layered ventilation, the material is supplied with oxygen according to the combustion stage on different grate layers, avoiding local underburning or overheating, promoting the full combustion reaction, and reducing the emission of incomplete combustion products. By setting ribs starting from the edge of the next grate layer, along the rotation direction of the rotating grate, with a spiral angle and extending upward until approaching the bottom area of ​​the grate above it, the spiral trajectory of the ribs is used to guide the material to be burned to the next grate layer. The ribs not only tear, stir and turn the waste during rotation, but also increase the friction between the waste and the grate surface, preventing the waste from sliding and ensuring its uniform combustion. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main body supporting the grate of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the grate assembly body and rotating grate of the present invention (front view).

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating grate structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a sectional view of the front view of the rotary grate of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a front view of the rotating grate of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the top view of the middle grate of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the top view of the upper grate of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a top view of the upper grate of the present invention.

[0022] The components include: 1. grate supporting body; 2. rotating grate; 201. upper grate; 202. middle grate; 203. lower grate; 3. stiffening plate; 4. main shaft; 5. ventilation duct; 6. ventilation hole; 7. ventilation opening; and 8. stirring rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] like Figures 1-8 As shown, an adaptive tower-type rotary grate includes a circular rotary grate 2 installed within a grate-supporting body 1. The rotary grate 2 comprises an upper grate 201, a middle grate 202, and a lower grate 203, arranged vertically with decreasing diameters at each layer, forming a tower structure. The lower grate 203 and the middle grate 202 are flat with circular cross-sections, while the upper end of the upper grate 201 is convex. The rotary grate 2 also includes a main shaft 4 located at its center. The main shaft 4 connects to each layer of the rotary grate 2 and is driven to rotate by an external power source, which can be a gear set linked to a motor. This allows for synchronous or asynchronous rotation control of the multi-layer grate, supporting rotation strategies with different speeds, angles, and directions. The main shaft 4 has a ventilation duct 5 inside, which is used for air intake. The main shaft 4 has several ventilation holes 6 that communicate with the ventilation duct 5. The ventilation holes 6 face the first layer of grate on the rotating grate 2 that is close to it. The middle grate 202 and the lower grate 203 are both provided with several radially arranged stiffeners 3. The stiffeners 3 tear the material to be burned as the rotating grate 2 rotates. The upper grate 201 is a hollow structure and is connected to the ventilation duct 5 of the main shaft 4. The upper grate 201 is provided with several ventilation openings 7 along the circumference. The stiffeners 3 are all arranged along the circumference of the rotating grate 2. A stirring rod 8 is fixedly installed on the rotating grate 2. Several stirring rods 8 are distributed circumferentially. When the stirring rods 8 rotate with the rotating grate 2, they further stir the material to be burned.

[0024] Starting from the edge of the next grate, the stiffener 3 extends upward along the rotation direction of the rotating grate 2 with a spiral angle until it approaches the bottom area of ​​the grate above it. The spiral trajectory of the stiffener 3 is used to guide the material to be burned closer to the grate above. The stiffener 3 not only tears, stirs and turns the waste during rotation, but also increases the friction between the waste and the grate surface, preventing the waste from sliding and ensuring its uniform combustion.

[0025] Working principle:

[0026] The adaptive tower-type rotary grate 2 is based on three layers of coaxially stacked circular rotary grates with progressively decreasing diameters. It is driven by an external power source to rotate the central main shaft 4, which in turn drives each layer of grate to rotate synchronously or asynchronously. It supports different speed, angle, and direction strategies. After the material to be burned, such as municipal solid waste, is put into the grate supporting body 1, it gradually completes the combustion process on the tower-type rotary grate 2 as the rotary grate 2 rotates.

[0027] Next, the radial stiffeners 3 on the middle and lower grates 203 extend upward from the edge of the lower grate 203 to the bottom area of ​​the upper grate 201 with a spiral angle. When the rotating grate 2 rotates, the stiffeners 3 use the spiral trajectory to grab the material to be burned and break the tough components, such as plastics and fabrics, through tearing action. On the other hand, with the guiding force generated by the spiral angle, the material is pushed to move to the upper grate 201, realizing three-dimensional layer-by-layer conveying. Meanwhile, the stiffeners 3 increase the friction between the material and the grate surface, preventing material slippage and ensuring even distribution and sufficient retention on the grate. The circumferentially distributed stirring rods 8 rotate synchronously with the grate, providing secondary agitation of the material conveyed and disturbed by the stiffeners 3, further breaking up material agglomerations and allowing for more thorough contact between the material and combustion air. It should be noted that the stiffeners 3 are spiral-shaped, starting from the edge of the lower grate 203 and extending upwards along the grate's rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) at a certain spiral angle until approaching the bottom area of ​​the upper grate 201. This is akin to compressing the shape of a mountain road onto the grate; the spiral trajectory of the stiffeners 3 serves as a channel guiding the waste upwards. When the lower grate 203 rotates, the waste falling onto the grate will move in a circular motion with the grate, simultaneously contacting the spirally rising stiffeners 3. Because the stiffeners 3 are spirally inclined upwards, the waste, while rotating with the grate, will be subjected to... The thrust of the reinforcing plate 3 along the spiral direction is like pushing a small ball in the opposite direction of a spiral slide. From bottom to top, the ball will slowly move upward along the spiral surface of the slide. Similarly, the garbage will be gradually transferred from the lower grate 203 to the upper grate 201 under the push of the reinforcing plate 3, realizing the vertical transfer of garbage. It also allows the garbage to be continuously stirred and torn during the ascent. Because the grate is rotating, the reinforcing plate 3 moves in a circular motion. As the grate rotates, the reinforcing plate 3 pushes the garbage to move. Moreover, the multi-layer tower grate structure allows each layer of grate to rotate in coordination. The reinforcing plate 3 of the lower grate 203 sends the garbage to the upper layer, while the upper reinforcing plate 3 pushes the garbage to the side, allowing the garbage to constantly change position and tumble in three-dimensional space. This also increases the residence time of the garbage, just like stir-frying food in a pot with a spatula, so that all parts of the garbage can be heated and burned, avoiding local accumulation and incomplete burning.

[0028] Next, the main shaft 4 is equipped with a ventilation duct 5, and an external air intake device supplies air to the ventilation duct 5. The ventilation duct 5 supplies air to the adjacent grate area through the ventilation holes 6 on the main shaft 4. The upper grate 201 is a hollow structure. After connecting with the ventilation duct 5 of the main shaft 4, it supplies air evenly to the material on the surface of the rotating grate 2 through the circumferential ventilation port 7. Combined with the grate rotation and layered ventilation design, the material of different grate levels is fully mixed with the combustion air of the corresponding area under the disturbance of the stiffeners 3 and the stirring rods 8, so as to achieve zoned and layered combustion, and gradually complete the drying, combustion and burnout process from bottom to top.

[0029] It should be noted that the tearing and spiral conveying of the stiffening rib 3, combined with the secondary stirring of the stirring rod 8, ensures that the material, especially the tough components, is fully crushed and agitated, increasing the contact area with combustion air. Compared to traditional single / double-layer planar / conical grates, the material burnout rate is significantly improved, reducing unburned emissions. The tower structure of the rotating grate 2, combined with layered ventilation, allows for precise oxygen supply to the material at different grate levels according to the combustion stage, drying, combustion, and burnout requirements, avoiding local underburning or overheating, promoting complete combustion, and reducing emissions of incomplete combustion products such as nitrogen monoxide. The heat energy released by the complete combustion of the material is more stable and controllable, facilitating recovery through heat exchange systems, such as conversion into electricity or heating water, improving resource utilization and reducing energy waste in incineration. By adopting the synergistic effect of the spiral conveying of the stiffening rib 3 and the secondary stirring of the stirring rod 8, the shortcomings of the traditional grate structure in disturbing complex materials are overcome. The process changes from simple agitation to full-process intervention of crushing, conveying, and stirring, ensuring complete combustion.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive tower-type rotary grate, characterized in that: The rotating grate (2) is installed in the grate supporting body (1). The rotating grate (2) includes an upper grate (201), a middle grate (202) and a lower grate (203). The three grates are arranged vertically, with the diameter decreasing layer by layer, and form a tower structure. The middle grate (202) and the lower grate (203) are provided with several radially arranged stiffeners (3). The stiffeners (3) tear the material to be burned as the rotating grate (2) rotates. The stiffener (3) starts from the edge of the next grate and extends upward along the rotation direction of the rotating grate (2) with a spiral angle until it approaches the bottom area of ​​the grate above it. The spiral trajectory of the stiffener (3) is used to guide the material to be burned closer to the grate above.

2. The adaptive tower rotary grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating grate (2) also includes a main shaft (4) located at its center. The main shaft (4) is connected to each layer of the rotating grate (2) and is driven to rotate by an external power source.

3. The adaptive tower rotary grate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main shaft (4) is provided with a ventilation channel (5) inside, which is used for air intake. The main shaft (4) is provided with a number of ventilation holes (6) that communicate with the ventilation channel (5). The ventilation holes (6) face the layer of grate on the rotating grate (2) that is close to it.

4. The adaptive tower rotary grate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper grate (201) is a hollow structure and is connected to the ventilation duct (5) of the main shaft (4). The upper grate (201) has several ventilation openings (7) along the circumferential direction.

5. An adaptive tower rotary grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each set of stiffeners (3) is arranged circumferentially along the rotating grate (2).

6. An adaptive tower rotary grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower grate (203) and the middle grate (202) are flat plates with a circular cross-section, while the upper grate (201) has a raised top.

7. An adaptive tower rotary grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stirring rod (8) is fixedly installed on the rotating grate (2), and several stirring rods (8) are distributed circumferentially.

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