A method, system, medium, and product for controlling a pulsed carbon dioxide laser

Abstract

A pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method, system, medium and product, relates to the field of devices utilizing stimulated emission, and the method comprises: collecting a pulse signal of a target laser to obtain historical voltage data; determining a historical reference period, a historical pulse width and a historical peak voltage, and calculating a historical duty cycle; obtaining a pulse signal of a current period to obtain current voltage data and determine a current period starting time; inputting the historical duty cycle, the historical peak voltage and the current voltage data into a data simulation model to obtain a predicted duty cycle and a predicted peak voltage of the current period; determining a maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage, and taking the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as a target duty cycle; calculating a target pulse width and a signal adjustment period; and generating a driving pulse signal and outputting the driving pulse signal to a resonant cavity. By implementing the present application, damage of a triode caused by overvoltage or heat accumulation can be avoided, thereby reducing maintenance cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of devices utilizing stimulated emission, and in particular to a method, system, medium and product for controlling a pulsed carbon dioxide laser. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of laser technology, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are a widely used continuous wave or pulsed gas laser that operates on the principle of stimulated emission amplification of CO2 gas molecules under electrical excitation. The light wave oscillation and output are usually achieved through a laser resonant cavity (a cavity composed of mirrors). Pulsed CO2 lasers are particularly suitable for industrial cutting, medical surgery and material processing, etc. because they can provide high instantaneous power output, rather than continuous low power radiation.

[0003] In related technologies, the excitation circuit of a pulsed CO2 laser often integrates a triode (a type of electronic device with three electrodes, such as a vacuum tube or a semiconductor transistor), which functions like a switch or an amplifier to amplify the pulse signal and excite the medium in the resonant cavity to produce laser output. The triode usually has a rated power limit, for example, a maximum continuous voltage of 150 volts. To increase the upper limit of laser output, engineers use overvoltage pulse strategies, such as applying a 300-volt instantaneous voltage, and controlling the power output by periodically adjusting the high and low voltages.

[0004] However, the triode is prone to failure or damage in high-power application scenarios. When the applied instantaneous voltage is too high or the duration is too long, it will cause heat accumulation inside the device. At this time, the rapid rise in device temperature will cause thermal stress damage, and in severe cases, it will cause breakdown failure, increasing maintenance costs. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a method, system, medium and product for controlling a pulsed carbon dioxide laser, which is used to optimize the use of lasers in high-power application scenarios and avoid damage to triodes caused by overvoltage or heat accumulation, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a pulse carbon dioxide laser control method applied to a laser control system, which comprises: collecting a pulse signal input to a resonant cavity of a target laser to obtain historical voltage data; determining a historical reference period, a historical pulse width and a historical peak voltage according to the historical voltage data, and calculating a historical duty cycle based on the historical reference period and the historical pulse width; obtaining a pulse signal of the target laser in a current period from the historical voltage data to obtain current voltage data, and determining a current period start time according to a rising edge of the current voltage data; inputting the historical duty cycle, the historical peak voltage and the current voltage data to a data simulation model to obtain a predicted duty cycle and a predicted peak voltage of the current period; determining a maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage based on a safe working parameter table, and taking a smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as a target duty cycle; calculating a target pulse width and a signal adjustment period based on the target duty cycle and the current period start time; generating a driving pulse signal and outputting the driving pulse signal to the resonant cavity, so that the pulse width of the target laser is adjusted to the target pulse width by a preset adjustment step within the signal adjustment period.

[0007] In the above embodiment, the laser control system collects historical voltage data and makes predictions in combination with a data simulation model to dynamically adjust the duty cycle and pulse width of the laser, i.e., to select a safe duty cycle range according to the predicted peak voltage and to avoid sudden changes through step-by-step adjustment, thereby ensuring the output performance of the laser, preventing damage to the triode due to overvoltage or heat accumulation, and reducing the maintenance cost and failure rate of the equipment.

[0008] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of determining the maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage based on the safe working parameter table and taking the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as the target duty cycle specifically comprises: collecting temperature sensing data of the target laser; determining the maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding in the safe working parameter table according to the temperature sensing data and the predicted peak voltage; and taking the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as the target duty cycle.

[0009] In the above embodiment, the laser control system monitors the temperature state of the laser in real time and determines the maximum allowed duty cycle in combination with the predicted peak voltage, which can effectively cope with different working temperature environments and prolong the service life of the equipment.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the step of calculating the target pulse width and the signal adjustment period based on the target duty cycle and the current cycle start time specifically comprises: collecting cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data of the cooling system of the target laser; calculating a cooling efficiency coefficient based on the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data, and determining a maximum allowed adjustment step from a preset adjustment step mapping table based on the cooling efficiency coefficient; calculating an adjustment difference value of the target duty cycle and the current duty cycle, and determining an adjustment number based on the adjustment difference value and the maximum allowed adjustment step; determining the signal adjustment period based on the adjustment number and a historical reference period, and determining the target pulse width based on the target duty cycle and the historical reference period.

[0011] In the above embodiments, the laser control system dynamically adjusts the adjustment step and period of the signal by monitoring the efficiency of the cooling system, and when the cooling efficiency decreases, the system adjusts the working parameters such as the adjustment step and period according to the cooling effect, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, after the step of determining the signal adjustment period based on the adjustment number and the historical reference period, and determining the target pulse width based on the target duty cycle and the historical reference period, the method further comprises: when the cooling efficiency coefficient is lower than a preset efficiency threshold, inserting a cooling period containing a preset number of zero-voltage control signals into the signal adjustment period; continuously collecting the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data and updating the cooling efficiency coefficient, and recording the cumulative insertion number of the zero-voltage control signals; when the cooling efficiency coefficient is not lower than the preset efficiency threshold, stopping the insertion of the zero-voltage control signals.

[0013] In the above embodiments, the laser control system monitors the cooling efficiency in real time, inserts zero-voltage control signals for active cooling when the efficiency is low, and continuously monitors the cooling state until it returns to normal, thereby realizing adaptive temperature control of the system and ensuring safe operation of the equipment under various working conditions.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, after the step of continuously collecting the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data and updating the cooling efficiency coefficient, and recording the cumulative insertion number of the zero-voltage control signals, the method further comprises: when the cumulative insertion number reaches a preset number and the cooling efficiency coefficient is still lower than the preset efficiency threshold, obtaining a power output curve of the target laser; calculating a power decay rate based on the power output curve, and performing degradation adjustment on the target duty cycle based on the power decay rate; recalculating the signal adjustment period after completing the degradation adjustment, and sending a cooling abnormality warning information to the monitoring terminal.

[0015] In the above embodiment, the laser control system can timely perform power degradation when the cooling is abnormal, and issue warning information. By analyzing the power decay rate to adjust the working parameters, the protection measures can be taken in advance when potential problems occur in the device, and permanent damage caused by overheating can be avoided.

[0016] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after the step of collecting the pulse signal input to the resonant cavity on the target laser to obtain the historical voltage data, the method further comprises: determining an incremental training sample corresponding to the historical voltage data when a waveform deviation value of a waveform parameter in the historical voltage data from a preset standard waveform exceeds a preset deviation threshold; performing incremental training on the data simulation model based on the incremental training sample to obtain an updated simulation model, and calculating a parameter change rate of a model parameter in the updated simulation model; and rolling back the updated simulation model to the data simulation model when the parameter change rate is greater than a preset fluctuation threshold, and sending a model abnormality prompt information to the monitoring terminal.

[0017] In the above embodiment, the laser control system can monitor the waveform quality in real time, optimize the model when an abnormality is found, and ensure the updating stability of the data simulation model through incremental training and parameter change rate control, thereby improving the adaptability and control accuracy of the system. The control accuracy is improved through model optimization, and the system has a model rollback mechanism, so that the system can be restored in time when the model updating fails, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the system.

[0018] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after the step of generating the driving pulse signal and outputting it to the resonant cavity so that the pulse width of the target laser is adjusted to the target pulse width by the preset adjustment step length within the signal adjustment period, the method further comprises: after the signal adjustment period, collecting actual output power and beam quality parameters of the target laser, and calculating a power deviation value of the actual output power relative to the rated power; when the power deviation value exceeds a preset power difference value, calculating an optical loss compensation coefficient based on the beam quality parameters and the corresponding optical coupling efficiency, and modifying the data simulation model according to the optical loss compensation coefficient; recalculating the next target duty cycle and the signal adjustment period based on the modified data simulation model; and when the power deviation value continuously exceeds the preset power difference value for a preset number of times, sending a detection prompt information of the resonant cavity optical element to the monitoring terminal.

[0019] In the above embodiment, the laser control system can dynamically adjust the control parameters by monitoring the actual output power and the beam quality, modify the data simulation model by calculating the optical loss compensation coefficient, and prompt to check the optical element when a continuous abnormality is found, thereby realizing the long-term stability of the system performance.

[0020] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a laser control system, comprising: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is configured to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprising computer instructions, and the one or more processors are configured to invoke the computer instructions to cause the laser control system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0021] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a laser control system, cause the laser control system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which, when executed on a laser control system, cause the laser control system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0023] It can be understood that the laser control system provided in the second aspect, the computer program product provided in the third aspect, and the computer storage medium provided in the fourth aspect are all used to execute the method provided in the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved are referable to the beneficial effects in the corresponding method, which will not be described here.

[0024] The one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0025] 1. By adopting the above technical solution, since the dynamic prediction based on historical data and the adaptive control strategy are adopted, the system can maintain safe operation while ensuring output power by collecting voltage data in real time and combining data simulation model for parameter prediction. By setting the maximum allowed duty ratio and the step adjustment mechanism, the system can effectively avoid the impact caused by mutation. Therefore, the system can maintain the optimal output effect under different working conditions, while ensuring the safety of the equipment. The problem that the fixed parameter control in the prior art is prone to cause overvoltage or overheating is effectively solved, the efficient and stable operation of the laser is realized, the equipment life is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

[0026] 2. By adopting the above technical solution, since the adaptive control strategy based on the real-time state of the cooling system is adopted, the system calculates the cooling efficiency by monitoring the coolant temperature and flow rate, and dynamically adjusts the signal parameters accordingly. The parameter change rate is controlled through a pre-set adjustment step mapping table to avoid the impact caused by parameter mutation. Therefore, the system can adaptively adjust the working state according to the actual heat dissipation condition, ensuring that the equipment always operates within the safe temperature range. The problem of local overheating caused by fixed period control in the prior art is effectively solved, and more accurate temperature control is achieved.

[0027] 3. By adopting the above technical solution, since the closed-loop feedback control based on the actual output effect is adopted, the system evaluates the working state by real-time monitoring of the output power and beam quality parameters. The control model is corrected by calculating the optical loss compensation coefficient, and timely inspection is prompted when continuous abnormalities are found. The system dynamically adjusts the control parameters to compensate for the influence of optical loss. Therefore, the system can continuously maintain the best output effect and timely discover potential problems. The problem of difficult timely discovery and processing of optical performance degradation in the prior art is effectively solved, and the long-term stability of system performance is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 is another flowchart of a pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an entity device structure of a laser control system in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting on the present application. As used in the specification of the present application, the singular expression "one", "a", "the", "said" and "this" are intended to include the plural expression, unless there is clear indication to the contrary in the context. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present application means any or all possible combinations of one or more listed items.

[0032] Hereinafter, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions disclosed in this application, the key technical terms that appear thereafter are explained:

[0034] 1. Pulsed CO2 Laser: A gas laser that uses carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as its working medium. It generates stimulated emission through electrical excitation and outputs a high-energy laser beam in pulses. Due to its high instantaneous power, it is widely used in industrial cutting, medical surgery, and other fields.

[0035] 2. Resonant Cavity: The core component of a laser, typically composed of two or more mirrors. Its main function is to provide positive feedback for light waves, causing photons to oscillate back and forth within the cavity and be continuously amplified, ultimately forming a stable, high-intensity laser output.

[0036] 3. Transistor: In the context of this application, a transistor refers to a semiconductor or vacuum tube device used in laser excitation circuits as a high-speed switch or amplifier to control and amplify the pulse signal driving the resonant cavity. It is a key component for achieving high-power pulse output, but it is also easily damaged by overvoltage or overheating.

[0037] 4. Pulse signal: A periodic electrical signal characterized by a brief high level (pulse) and a longer low level within one cycle of voltage or current. In this application, this signal is input to the resonant cavity to excite the laser medium.

[0038] 5. Duty Cycle: A key parameter of pulse signals, defined as the ratio of pulse width (high-level duration) to the entire signal period, usually expressed as a percentage. The duty cycle directly affects the average power injected into the laser and is the main means of controlling the laser output intensity.

[0039] 6. Data Simulation Model: A mathematical model constructed based on historical data and machine learning algorithms (such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), etc.). In this application, this model is used to predict the key operating parameters (such as peak voltage and duty cycle) of the laser in the near future based on its historical and current operating data, thereby achieving forward-looking intelligent control.

[0040] 7. Safety Operating Parameter Table: A pre-established dataset or lookup table that records the upper limits of parameters that ensure the safe operation of key laser components (such as transistors) under different operating conditions (such as peak voltage and device temperature), especially the maximum allowable duty cycle.

[0041] 8. Cooling efficiency coefficient: An indicator used to quantify the heat dissipation capacity of a laser cooling system. It is usually calculated based on real-time monitoring data such as the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant and the flow rate, reflecting the efficiency of the system in removing heat.

[0042] 9、Signal adjustment period: refers to the time taken by the control system to smoothly transition the operating parameters (such as pulse width) of the laser from the current value to the target value. This process usually involves multiple basic signal periods, and step-by-step adjustment is used to avoid the impact of parameter mutations on the system.

[0043] 10、Incremental training: a method of model optimization, refers to fine-tuning and updating the data simulation model using newly collected data without discarding the original model parameters. This method can make the model adapt to the characteristic drift of the device due to aging or environmental changes, while maintaining the efficiency of training.

[0044] To facilitate understanding, the application scenarios of the embodiments of the present application are introduced below.

[0045] In a factory producing high-precision optical elements, CO2 laser is used for glass cutting processing. Due to process requirements, the laser needs to maintain stable output power and good beam quality. However, during long-term operation, the output power of the laser often fluctuates, sometimes even leading to unqualified processing quality. Technical personnel analysis found that these problems are mainly due to the fact that the control method of the driving signal of the laser is too simple. When the triode works in a high-power state, the instantaneous voltage may exceed the voltage tolerance of the device, or the heat accumulation caused by continuous high-power operation may require frequent maintenance of the device, affecting production efficiency.

[0046] In related technologies, periodic driving signals can be generated by timers to achieve basic output control. The following introduces the scenario of using the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in related technologies.

[0047] A factory uses a fixed duty cycle control method to adjust the driving parameters of the laser. The control system sets the duty cycle and pulse width according to the processing requirements, and generates periodic driving signals through a timer. However, when the performance of the device changes, the duty cycle tolerated by the device often changes, and it is difficult to adaptively adjust the fixed driving parameters. This approach results in high equipment failure rates and high maintenance costs.

[0048] However, by using the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in the embodiments of the present application, real-time voltage data is collected and combined with a data simulation model to predict parameters, which realizes the advance prediction and active adjustment of the system state. The following introduces the scenario of using the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in the present application.

[0049] After adopting the basic control scheme of the application, the laser control system realizes dynamic optimization of the driving parameters by collecting historical voltage data and combining data simulation model for prediction. The system will select a safe duty cycle range according to the prediction result, and avoid parameter mutation through step-by-step adjustment. Through this predictive control strategy, the reliability of the equipment is improved, and the average service life of the triode is prolonged.

[0050] It can be seen that by adopting the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in the embodiments of the application, the problems of overpressure risk and heat accumulation in the fixed parameter control method can be effectively solved while realizing stable output, ensuring the reliable operation of the system and the protection of the equipment.

[0051] For ease of understanding, the method provided by the present embodiment will be described in the flow below in combination with the above scenario. Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a flowchart of the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in the embodiments of the application.

[0052] S101, collect the pulse signal input to the resonant cavity of the target laser to obtain historical voltage data.

[0053] Among them, the target laser represents the pulse type carbon dioxide laser that needs to be controlled, which is used to generate laser output; the resonant cavity refers to an optical cavity composed of a mirror, which is used to realize laser oscillation and amplification; the pulse signal represents a periodic voltage signal input to the resonant cavity, which is used to drive the laser to work; the historical voltage data refers to the data sequence of voltage change with time collected within a certain time range, which contains voltage value, time stamp and other information.

[0054] During the start-up or operation of the laser, the laser control system needs to continuously monitor the input signal to realize accurate control. Specifically, the laser control system collects the driving signal input to the resonant cavity through a high-speed sampling circuit, and the sampling frequency is not less than a preset multiple (for example, 100 times) of the signal frequency, to ensure that the details of the signal can be accurately captured. The collected data includes voltage amplitude, time information, etc. These data are converted into digital signals and stored in the cache. The system will retain the data of the longest period (for example, 1000 periods) as historical data for subsequent parameter calculation and prediction analysis.

[0055] In some embodiments, signal acquisition and data processing can be implemented in various ways: optionally, the laser control system can directly sample the voltage signal using a high-precision analog-to-digital converter, store the sampled data in a FIFO buffer, remove noise through digital filtering, and finally write the processed data to the memory; optionally, the laser control system can first use an analog front-end circuit to condition and amplify the signal, then use synchronous sampling technology to collect data at fixed phase points, and reconstruct the complete waveform through interpolation algorithm. It can be understood that other ways can also be used to implement signal acquisition and data processing, which are not limited here.

[0056] S102, determine the historical reference period, the historical pulse width and the historical peak voltage according to the historical voltage data, and calculate the historical duty cycle based on the historical reference period and the historical pulse width.

[0057] The historical reference period represents the standard working period of the input signal, which is used to measure the time characteristics of the signal; the historical pulse width refers to the duration of a single pulse signal, which reflects the actual working time of the laser; the historical peak voltage represents the maximum voltage value of the pulse signal, which is used to characterize the working strength of the laser; the historical duty cycle refers to the ratio of the pulse width to the reference period, which represents the proportion of the effective working time of the laser in a period.

[0058] After the laser control system obtains sufficient historical data, it needs to extract key parameters for subsequent control. Specifically, the laser control system first performs smoothing and denoising on the historical voltage data, and then determines the stable interval of the signal period through waveform analysis. On this basis, the system determines the average value of the recent multiple stable periods as the historical reference period through statistical analysis, and records the duration of the voltage exceeding the threshold in each period as the historical pulse width; the stable period refers to the period in which the recent voltage data changes within a certain range, which can also be called the typical period. For the historical peak voltage, the system will combine the constraint of temperature drift to calculate the effective peak value using the weighted average method, and finally divide the historical pulse width by the historical reference period to obtain the historical duty cycle parameter.

[0059] It should be noted that when sampling the pulse signal in real time in step S101, a high sampling rate of no less than 1MHz can be used to accurately capture the signal waveform through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In order to enhance the robustness of the signal, a digital filter (such as a median filter) can be used to preprocess the sampled data to eliminate noise interference.

[0060] After determining the historical reference period and the historical pulse width in step S102, the edge detection algorithm can be implemented. For example, the laser control system detects the rising edge of the signal (i.e., the jump point from low voltage to high voltage) and records the time interval between two consecutive rising edges, which is a period T. The calculation method can be expressed as: T = t2-t1; where t1 is the time point at which the first rising edge occurs, and t2 is the time point at which the next rising edge occurs. At the same time, the system identifies the high-frequency voltage part by threshold comparison and determines its duration (i.e., the historical pulse width t_high). For example, a preset voltage threshold (such as 100 volts) is used as the judgment standard. When the signal voltage exceeds the threshold, it is considered as the start of the high-frequency voltage state, and when the voltage falls below the threshold, it is considered as the end of the state. By recording the two time points, the duration of the high-frequency voltage t_high can be measured.

[0061] In some embodiments, after determining the period T and the high voltage duration t_high, the laser control system can calculate the historical duty cycle D in real time. The calculation is performed by the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of the microcontroller (MCU), and the calculation formula is: D = (t_high / T) x 100%; for example, if a period T of 400 microseconds is detected, and the high voltage duration t_high is 200 microseconds, then the calculated duty cycle D is 50%.

[0062] In order to further evaluate the thermal load of the pulse signal on core devices such as transistors, in some embodiments, the laser control system can also estimate its average power P_avg. The calculation of average power can be based on the high voltage amplitude V_high, the average current I_avg and the duty cycle D. Among them, the average current can be measured in real time by the current sensor or estimated according to the system nominal value. The calculation formula is: P_avg = V_high x I_avg x (D / 100%); in a simplified case, if the current is constant as I_high during t_high, then the peak power P_peak = V_high x I_high, and the calculation formula of the average power can be simplified as: P_avg = P_peak x (D / 100%); these quantitative indicators provide key basis for subsequent judgment of whether the transistor is close to its heat dissipation limit (e.g., the maximum average power specified in the device data sheet).

[0063] S103, obtaining the pulse signal of the target laser in the historical voltage data in the current period, obtaining the current voltage data, and determining the starting time of the current period according to the rising edge of the current voltage data.

[0064] Wherein, the current cycle represents the latest signal cycle that needs to be controlled; the current voltage data refers to the real-time voltage value sequence collected in the current cycle; the cycle start time point refers to the time point at which a new round of pulse signal starts.

[0065] The laser control system needs to obtain the latest working state in real time for dynamic adjustment. Specifically, the laser control system intercepts the data of the most recent cycle from the historical voltage data as the current cycle data. The system uses a high-precision edge detection algorithm to identify the rising edge position of the signal by comparing the voltage data change sequence and the threshold value. Due to the possibility of noise and jitter in the actual signal, the system will combine the timing characteristics of the previous cycle to optimize the edge detection result through interpolation and filtering methods. After determining the rising edge, the system marks this time as the start time of the current cycle, which is used for subsequent timing control.

[0066] In some embodiments, the processing of the current cycle signal and the determination of the start time can be implemented in various ways: alternatively, the laser control system can use a dynamic threshold detection method to adaptively adjust the detection threshold according to the average value and standard deviation of the signal, determine the precise jump point through slope analysis, and record the start time through time stamp; alternatively, the system can also use a template matching method to perform correlation analysis on the current signal and the standard waveform template to find the best matching point as the cycle start. It can be understood that other ways can also be used to implement cycle detection and start time determination, which are not limited here.

[0067] In actual application, multiple jumps or false triggers may occur in the signal, leading to incorrect cycle start determination. To solve this problem, the laser control system uses a robust detection strategy. The system first establishes a jump feature library containing typical features of normal and abnormal jumps; when a jump is detected, the system analyzes its duration, amplitude change and adjacent signal characteristics to determine its effectiveness. If a suspicious jump is found, the system will start a secondary confirmation mechanism to verify the accuracy of the start time through signal comparison in multiple time windows.

[0068] S104, input the historical duty cycle, historical peak voltage and current voltage data to the data simulation model to obtain the predicted duty cycle and predicted peak voltage of the current cycle.

[0069] Wherein, the data simulation model represents a mathematical model for predicting the working parameters of the laser, containing the parameter relationship trained by the historical data; the predicted duty cycle refers to the possible duty cycle value of the current cycle and within a short time after the current cycle; the predicted peak voltage represents the maximum voltage value that the model predicts may be reached in the current cycle and within a short time after the current cycle.

[0070] The laser control system needs to predict the working parameters of the current cycle to achieve feedforward control. Specifically, the laser control system inputs historical duty cycle, historical peak voltage, and other historical characteristic parameters, as well as real-time voltage data collected in the current cycle, into a pre-trained data simulation model. The model predicts the key parameters of the current cycle (and some cycles within a short time after the current cycle) by comprehensively considering the mutual influence and timing relationship between parameters and using a deep learning algorithm. During the prediction process, the system simultaneously evaluates the credibility of the prediction results and dynamically adjusts the model weights according to the recent prediction accuracy.

[0071] It should be noted that the data simulation model is a mathematical model that can predict future trends based on input time series data. In the preferred embodiment, the model can be constructed using machine learning algorithms, such as but not limited to recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory networks (LSTM), etc., and is obtained by training on a large amount of historical running data. The training process is based on a large amount of historical running data, including input voltage time series data (historical duty cycle, historical peak voltage, etc.).

[0072] When the data simulation model uses a recurrent neural network (RNN) structure, it includes an input layer, multiple LSTM hidden layers, and an output layer. During training, mean squared error (MSE) is used as the loss function, and model parameters are optimized through a backpropagation algorithm. In practical applications, the model input includes the historical duty cycle sequence, historical peak voltage sequence, and current cycle real-time sampled voltage data of the last N cycles (such as 1000 cycles), and the output is the predicted duty cycle and predicted peak voltage of the next cycle. The training goal of the model is to make the mean squared error between the predicted value and the actual measured value less than a preset threshold (such as 1%). To ensure the real-time adaptability of the model, the system collects new training samples during operation, and triggers incremental training when the prediction error exceeds the threshold, but limits the single parameter update amplitude to no more than 10% to ensure the stability of the model.

[0073] To ensure the prediction accuracy and adaptability of the data simulation model, the construction and application of the data simulation model follow a two-stage data processing logic, namely offline global training and online incremental training. In the offline training stage, the system uses a large amount of historical data set accumulated in the factory test or long-term operation of the laser to initialize the training of the model. The data set covers as wide a working condition as possible, and its data structure is time series samples, each sample containing a sequence of input features (such as historical duty cycle, historical peak voltage, etc.) of consecutive N historical periods (for example, N = 1000), and the actual peak voltage and duty cycle of the next period as the prediction target. By using the back propagation algorithm, the internal parameters of the model are globally optimized to minimize the mean square error (MSE) between the model prediction value and the true label value, so that the model has a deep understanding of the general operation rules of the laser.

[0074] After entering the online running stage, the model mainly performs prediction, but when the system detects that the prediction error of the model continuously exceeds the preset range, online incremental training is triggered. At this time, the system takes the recent data containing the true results that lead to prediction errors as a new small batch training sample, and fine-tunes the trained model with a smaller learning rate. This process is not a zero-start training, but a fine adjustment of local parameters based on the original knowledge, so that the model can adapt to the characteristic drift of the laser due to device aging or environmental changes in real time and progressively, thereby ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the control strategy.

[0075] S105, determine the maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage based on the safe working parameter table, and take the smaller value of the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as the target duty cycle.

[0076] Among them, the safe working parameter table refers to a data structure that stores safe running parameters under different working conditions, including the corresponding relationship of voltage, temperature, duty cycle and other multi-dimensional parameters; the maximum allowed duty cycle represents the upper limit of the duty cycle that ensures the safe operation of the equipment under the current conditions; the target duty cycle refers to the actual working duty cycle value finally selected by the system.

[0077] The laser control system needs to ensure the safe operation of the equipment while ensuring the performance. Specifically, the laser control system first queries the safe working parameter table based on the predicted peak voltage to obtain the corresponding maximum allowed duty cycle. The parameter table is based on a large amount of experimental data and equipment specifications, and comprehensively considers multiple safety factors such as component voltage resistance, heat dissipation capacity, etc. The system compares the predicted duty cycle with the maximum allowed duty cycle, and selects the smaller value as the target duty cycle, which not only ensures the control effect, but also avoids the safety hazards caused by parameter out-of-range.

[0078] In practical applications, the safety boundary of the device will change over time with use. To solve this problem, the laser control system implements an adaptive safety boundary update mechanism. The system monitors the device's operating state over a long period of time, records the safe operating data under different parameter combinations. When enough new data is accumulated, the system will reevaluate the safety boundary and appropriately tighten the safety parameter limits according to the degree of device aging. At the same time, the system also records abnormal events for optimizing the update strategy of the safety parameter table.

[0079] It should be noted that the safety operating parameter table described in step S105 is a core safety mechanism. This mechanism combines the predicted peak voltage output by the data simulation model with the real-time state of the device to determine the maximum allowed duty cycle under the current operating conditions.

[0080] The construction of this safety operating parameter table is based on the dual constraints of thermal effects and electrical stress on key devices in the excitation circuit, such as transistors.

[0081] Limit 1, average power limit: To prevent thermal accumulation damage caused by excessive average power, the parameter table presets the upper limit of the duty cycle for different peak voltages. For example, for a peak voltage of 300 volts, to ensure that its average voltage equivalent value is within the safe continuous operating area of the device (e.g., 150 volts), the maximum allowed duty cycle can be set to 40%.

[0082] Limit 2, instantaneous stress limit: To prevent instantaneous thermal stress or breakdown caused by a single pulse lasting too long, the parameter table also implicitly constrains the pulse width. That is, under any duty cycle setting, the calculated pulse width should not exceed the pre-set safe time (e.g., 150 microseconds).

[0083] S106, based on the target duty cycle and the current cycle start time, calculate the target pulse width and signal adjustment period.

[0084] Where, the target pulse width represents the desired duration of the pulse signal; the signal adjustment period refers to the time range required to complete parameter adjustment, usually including multiple basic working periods; the adjustment step represents the maximum allowed amplitude of each parameter change.

[0085] The laser control system first determines a target duty cycle based on preset safety specifications. Combining this with the currently used or newly set signal cycle duration, it calculates the required target pulse width by multiplying the target duty cycle and the cycle. To avoid impacting the laser due to sudden parameter changes, the system does not immediately jump to the target value but instead plans a smooth transition path. Specifically, it first calculates the total difference between the current pulse width and the target pulse width, then refers to a preset maximum allowable adjustment step size—the maximum allowable change in pulse width within a single cycle—to calculate the minimum number of cycles required to complete this adjustment. For example, if the current pulse width is 200 microseconds, the target is 140 microseconds, and the maximum step size is 10 microseconds, the system will calculate that at least (200-140) / 10 = 6 cycles are needed to complete the transition; these 6 cycles are the signal adjustment cycle. Finally, based on the calculation results of the signal adjustment period, the system generates a complete, step-by-step adjustment timing plan, distributing the total adjustment amount evenly or according to a specific curve into multiple periods, thereby ensuring that the change process of the pulse parameters is smooth and completely controllable.

[0086] In some embodiments, parameter adjustment plans can be formulated in various ways: Optionally, the laser control system can employ an adaptive step-size algorithm to dynamically adjust the amount of change in each step according to the magnitude of the parameter difference. When the difference is large, a larger step size is used for rapid adjustment, and the step size is gradually reduced to ensure a smooth transition when approaching the target value. Optionally, the system can also use a predictive control strategy to plan the trajectory of the entire adjustment process in advance, calculate the optimal parameter value for each cycle through an optimization algorithm, and perform trajectory correction based on the equipment response characteristics. It is understood that other methods can also be used to formulate parameter adjustment plans, which are not limited here.

[0087] S107. Generate a driving pulse signal and output it to the resonant cavity, so that the pulse width of the target laser is adjusted to the target pulse width according to the preset adjustment step size within the signal adjustment period.

[0088] Among them, the driving pulse signal represents the control signal output to the resonant cavity; the preset adjustment step size refers to the standard change amount of each parameter adjustment, which is used to ensure the smoothness of the adjustment process; and the adjustment to the target pulse width represents the final achievement of the desired working state through gradual adjustment.

[0089] The laser control system needs to convert the calculated control parameters into actual driving signals. Specifically, the laser control system first generates a complete signal adjustment sequence according to the current working state and target parameters. In each adjustment period, the system strictly controls the parameter change rate to ensure that it does not exceed the preset adjustment step. At the same time, the system will monitor the quality of the output signal in real time, including rise time, fall time, overshoot, and other characteristic parameters, and dynamically adjust the output waveform according to the monitoring results to ensure the stability and reliability of the driving signal.

[0090] In some embodiments, the generation and adjustment of the driving signal can be achieved in various ways: alternatively, the laser control system can use a digital signal processor to generate a reference waveform, use a lookup table interpolation method to achieve smooth transition, and use feedback control to correct the output parameters in real time; alternatively, the system can also use a combination of analog circuits and digital control, use a high-precision D / A converter to output control voltage, use an analog comparator to generate the final driving pulse, and monitor the waveform quality in real time for correction. It can be understood that other ways can also be used to generate and adjust the driving signal, which is not limited here.

[0091] In the above embodiment, the basic predictive control method is mainly introduced. In actual application, temperature monitoring, cooling control or optical compensation function modules can be added to further improve the protection capability and operation stability of the system. The scenarios of the present embodiment are supplemented as follows.

[0092] After further adopting the complete control scheme, the laser control system of the factory realizes more comprehensive protection functions. The system automatically inserts a cooling period when the cooling efficiency decreases by monitoring the cooling efficiency in real time; it performs intelligent degradation protection by analyzing the power output curve; and it realizes dynamic compensation of optical loss by calculating the compensation coefficient based on the evaluation of the beam quality parameters. These optimization measures enable the system to maintain stable operation under various abnormal working conditions.

[0093] After combining the above scenarios, the method provided by the present embodiment is further described in more detail. Please refer to Figure 2 , another flowchart of the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method in the present embodiment.

[0094] S201, collect the pulse signal input to the resonant cavity of the target laser to obtain historical voltage data.

[0095] Referring to step S101, the laser control system will collect and record the voltage change data of the input pulse signal in real time.

[0096] In some embodiments, the laser control system performs model optimization and correction on abnormal waveforms, that is, when the waveform deviation value of the waveform parameter in the historical voltage data from the preset standard waveform exceeds the preset deviation threshold, the laser control system determines the incremental training sample corresponding to the historical voltage data; based on the incremental training sample, the data simulation model is incrementally trained to obtain an updated simulation model, and the parameter change rate of the model parameters in the updated simulation model is calculated; when the parameter change rate is greater than the preset fluctuation threshold, the updated simulation model is rolled back to the data simulation model, and model abnormal prompt information is sent to the monitoring terminal.

[0097] wherein the waveform parameter represents various indicators describing the characteristics of the voltage signal; the preset standard waveform refers to the reference waveform under ideal working conditions; the waveform deviation value represents the difference between the actual waveform and the standard waveform; the incremental training sample refers to a new data set for model updating; the parameter change rate represents the change amplitude of the model parameters before and after model updating; and the model abnormal prompt information is used to alert model updating failure.

[0098] The laser control system needs to continuously optimize the control model to adapt to changes in working conditions. Specifically, the laser control system compares the actual collected voltage waveform with the preset standard waveform to calculate the deviation value of the waveform parameter. When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the current model can no longer accurately describe the system characteristics. At this time, the laser control system takes the corresponding historical voltage data as an incremental training sample for updating the data simulation model. The system performs local optimization on the model through incremental learning algorithm to obtain updated model parameters. To ensure the reliability of model updating, the system calculates the parameter change rate, and when the change is too large, it is determined that the updating fails and is rolled back to the original model, and at the same time, an abnormal prompt information is sent to the monitoring terminal.

[0099] It should be noted that the calculation of the parameter change rate aims to quantify the adjustment range of the internal parameters of the data simulation model after incremental training, so as to evaluate the stability of model updating. Specifically, the system regards all internal learnable parameters (for example, weight matrices and bias vectors of each layer of neurons in a recurrent neural network) of the data simulation model before and after incremental training as a high-dimensional parameter vector respectively. The calculation process of the parameter change rate first obtains the parameter vector W old before training and the parameter vector W new after training, and then calculates the difference vector (W new-W old) between the two vectors. Subsequently, the system calculates the Euclidean norm (i.e., L2 norm) of the difference vector, which represents the absolute distance of the parameter movement in the multi-dimensional space and intuitively reflects the absolute strength of this update. In order to obtain a standardized, model size-independent relative change rate, the system divides the absolute change by the Euclidean norm of the original parameter vector before training. The ratio obtained in this way is the parameter change rate, which represents the relative adjustment range of the model parameters. For example, if the system calculates a parameter change rate greater than a preset fluctuation threshold (such as 0.1), it means that the model parameters have undergone a violent change of more than 10%, which may be caused by abnormal training samples. The system will determine that this update is unstable and perform a rollback operation to ensure the reliability of the control system.

[0100] S202, determine the historical reference period, the historical pulse width and the historical peak voltage according to the historical voltage data, and calculate the historical duty cycle based on the historical reference period and the historical pulse width.

[0101] Referring to step S102, the laser control system calculates the key working parameters based on historical data analysis.

[0102] S203, obtain the pulse signal of the target laser in the current period in the historical voltage data, obtain the current voltage data, and determine the starting time of the current period according to the rising edge of the current voltage data.

[0103] Referring to step S103, the laser control system acquires and processes real-time signal data of the current period.

[0104] S204, input the historical duty cycle, the historical peak voltage and the current voltage data into the data simulation model to obtain the predicted duty cycle and the predicted peak voltage of the current period.

[0105] Referring to step S104, the laser control system predicts the key parameters of the next working period through the model.

[0106] S205, determine the maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage based on the safe working parameter table, and take the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as the target duty cycle.

[0107] Referring to step S105, the laser control system determines the final duty cycle in combination with the safety parameter.

[0108] In some embodiments, the laser control system performs safety control based on temperature and voltage, i.e., the laser control system acquires temperature sensing data of the target laser; determines the corresponding maximum allowable duty cycle in the safety working parameter table according to the temperature sensing data and the predicted peak voltage; and takes the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowable duty cycle as the target duty cycle.

[0109] In some embodiments, the laser control system performs safety control based on temperature and voltage, i.e., the laser control system acquires temperature sensing data of the target laser; determines the corresponding maximum allowable duty cycle in the safety working parameter table according to the temperature sensing data and the predicted peak voltage; and takes the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowable duty cycle as the target duty cycle.

[0110] Before adjusting the parameters, the laser control system needs to ensure that the working parameters are within the safe range. Specifically, the laser control system acquires temperature data in real time through temperature sensors distributed at key positions of the laser, including the temperatures of the resonant cavity, excitation source, optical elements, etc. The system takes the acquired temperature data and the predicted peak voltage as inputs to query a multi-dimensional safety working parameter table, which is established based on device specifications and experimental data and comprehensively considers the effects of temperature and voltage on device reliability. The maximum allowable duty cycle under the current conditions is obtained by looking up the table, and is compared with the predicted duty cycle to select the smaller value as the target duty cycle for actual execution, ensuring that the device always operates within the safe working range.

[0111] In some embodiments, the determination and control of safety parameters can be achieved in various ways: alternatively, the laser control system can use a polynomial fitting method to establish the mapping relationship between temperature, voltage and maximum allowable duty cycle, obtain the safety threshold through real-time calculation, dynamically optimize the fitting parameters combined with historical running data, and finally apply fuzzy control rules for parameter selection; alternatively, the laser control system can also use a neural network model to predict the safety boundary under different working conditions, the model inputs include multi-point temperature, voltage and other parameters, a nonlinear mapping relationship is established through a deep learning algorithm, and the model accuracy is continuously optimized using an online learning method. It can be understood that other ways can also be used to determine and control the safety parameters, which are not limited here.

[0112] In practical applications, the measurement delay of temperature sensors can cause the safety parameters to lag behind the actual state. To solve this problem, the laser control system implements a predictive compensation mechanism. By establishing a temperature dynamic model, the system predicts the temperature trend in the near future. When a rapid temperature rise is detected, the system will tighten the safety margin in advance to reserve enough safety margin for heat accumulation. At the same time, the system also monitors the temperature change rate and adjusts the sampling frequency and control strategy in time when an anomaly is found.

[0113] In some specific embodiments, the safety operating parameter table can be a multi-dimensional database or a logical model. When determining the maximum allowed duty cycle, the system can not only input the predicted peak voltage, but also collect temperature sensor data of the target laser as another key input dimension. When the temperature sensor detects that the device temperature rises (e.g., exceeds 80°C), the system will obtain a more conservative (i.e., lower) maximum allowed duty cycle by querying the parameter table or executing its built-in logic, thereby realizing adaptive protection coupled with temperature dynamics. Finally, the system takes the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle determined by multiple factors as the final target duty cycle.

[0114] The construction and query of the safety operating parameter table need to ensure that the safety margin it provides is both reliable and accurate. On the one hand, reference will be made to the data manual provided by the manufacturer of the key device (such as a triode) or to the safe operating area (SOA) graph in the quality test results of devices of the same production batch, which defines the maximum voltage and current that the device can withstand under different pulse widths and operating temperatures. On the other hand, destructive or boundary experiments on the laser whole machine under multiple working conditions are conducted to calibrate and correct the theoretical values: under constant ambient temperature and cooling conditions, a fixed peak voltage is set, and then the pulse duty cycle is gradually increased while closely monitoring the temperature and electrical parameters of the key nodes of the device until it approaches or reaches the critical state. At this time, the duty cycle is recorded as the maximum allowed duty cycle under the combination of the voltage and temperature. At different temperatures, gradually increase the duty cycle until the key component temperature or electrical parameter approaches the critical point, record the voltage and duty cycle at this time, and form a data point. By repeating this process at multiple voltage and temperature points, a multi-dimensional discrete data point set can be constructed.

[0115] In actual query use, the system takes the predicted peak voltage output by the data simulation model and the real-time temperature collected by the temperature sensor as two input coordinates. If the input coordinates exactly match a certain data point in the table, the corresponding maximum allowed duty cycle is directly taken. More generally, when the input coordinates fall between data points, the system uses a multi-dimensional interpolation algorithm (for example, for two dimensions of voltage and temperature, a bilinear interpolation algorithm can be used) to calculate a smooth and accurate maximum allowed duty cycle value. This processing method avoids the stepwise jump of control parameters caused by discrete lookup table, ensuring the smoothness and safety of control.

[0116] S206, collect the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data of the cooling system of the target laser.

[0117] Among them, the cooling system represents a temperature control device for maintaining the operating temperature of the laser; the cooling liquid temperature refers to the real-time temperature value of the circulating cooling medium; the flow rate data represents the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the system, which is used to evaluate the heat dissipation effect.

[0118] The laser control system needs to monitor the working state of the cooling system in real time. Specifically, the laser control system collects inlet and outlet temperature data through temperature sensors arranged at key positions of the cooling circuit, and uses flow sensors to monitor the real-time flow rate of the cooling liquid. The system uses high-precision digital sensors to ensure that the temperature measurement accuracy is better than 0.1℃ and the flow rate measurement accuracy is better than 1%. During the collection process, the system records the data of multiple measurement points at the same time, which is used to evaluate the uniformity of temperature distribution.

[0119] In actual application, the sensor may deviate from the measurement due to pollution or aging. To solve this problem, the laser control system realizes a sensor self-calibration mechanism. The system regularly compares the data consistency of each measurement point and starts the cross-validation program when an anomaly is found. By analyzing the data trend and physical constraint relationship, the system can identify and compensate for sensor drift, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0120] S207, calculate the cooling efficiency coefficient according to the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data, and determine the maximum allowed adjustment step size from the preset adjustment step size mapping table based on the cooling efficiency coefficient.

[0121] Among them, the cooling efficiency coefficient represents the heat dissipation capacity index of the current cooling system; the preset adjustment step size mapping table refers to the safe adjustment step size range corresponding to different cooling efficiencies; the maximum allowed adjustment step size represents the upper limit of the parameter change rate allowed under the current cooling condition.

[0122] The laser control system needs to dynamically adjust the control strategy according to the cooling state. Specifically, the laser control system first calculates the heat transfer efficiency according to the temperature difference and flow rate of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet, and combines the ambient temperature and load state to comprehensively evaluate the cooling efficiency coefficient. Then the system queries the preset adjustment step mapping table, which is established based on a large amount of experimental data and reflects the dynamic response characteristics of the system under different cooling efficiencies. The maximum allowed adjustment step under the current condition is obtained by looking up the table, ensuring that the parameter adjustment process will not cause overheating due to insufficient heat dissipation. The preset adjustment step mapping table can be obtained by experimental calibration, for example, under different cooling efficiency coefficients, the maximum parameter adjustment rate that the system can withstand without causing heat runaway, thereby establishing the corresponding relationship between cooling efficiency and maximum allowed adjustment step.

[0123] In actual application, the efficiency of the cooling system may decrease due to pipeline blockage or degradation of the cooling liquid. To solve this problem, the laser control system establishes a dynamic evaluation mechanism for cooling efficiency. The system monitors the trend of cooling efficiency changes over a long period of time, and when it finds that the efficiency is continuously decreasing, it will automatically adjust the safety margin and appropriately reduce the maximum allowed adjustment step. At the same time, the system records the efficiency change data for predicting maintenance time and optimizing control strategy.

[0124] S208, calculate the adjustment difference value of the target duty cycle and the current duty cycle, and determine the adjustment number based on the adjustment difference value and the maximum allowed adjustment step.

[0125] Wherein, the adjustment difference value represents the difference between the target duty cycle and the current duty cycle; the adjustment number is the minimum number of steps required to adjust the parameter from the current value to the target value; the maximum allowed adjustment step is used to limit the amplitude of each adjustment to ensure system stability.

[0126] The laser control system needs to reasonably plan the parameter adjustment process. Specifically, the laser control system first calculates the absolute difference value of the target duty cycle and the current duty cycle, then divides the difference value by the maximum allowed adjustment step and takes the upper integer to get the minimum number of steps required to complete the adjustment.

[0127] It should be noted that the adjustment process can be completed in one or more signal adjustment periods with a preset adjustment step for smooth transition. The preset adjustment step can be a dynamically adaptive value. The system calculates the cooling efficiency coefficient by collecting the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data of the cooling system on the target laser. When the cooling efficiency is high, the system can select a larger maximum allowed adjustment step from the adjustment step mapping table to complete the adjustment faster; on the contrary, when the cooling efficiency decreases, a smaller step is selected to make the adjustment process more gentle, thereby providing more time for heat dissipation of the system.

[0128] After the number of adjustments and the signal adjustment period are determined, the system performs the following actions in each adjustment step, or a combination thereof:

[0129] Action 1: Modify the parameters of the pulse width modulation (PWM) module to shorten the high voltage duration (t_high).

[0130] Action 2: Adjust the frequency of the pulse signal to lengthen the entire signal period (T).

[0131] By performing the above actions in multiple small steps within one signal adjustment period, the system can eventually converge the pulse width to the target pulse width smoothly. This gradual adjustment method avoids the impact on the stability of the laser output caused by sudden parameter changes.

[0132] In addition, when the cooling efficiency coefficient is lower than the preset efficiency threshold, the system can start more active protection measures. At this time, the system can forcibly insert a cooling period containing a preset number of zero voltage control signals within the signal adjustment period, i.e., temporarily interrupt the energy injection to force the device to cool down.

[0133] S209, determine the signal adjustment period based on the number of adjustments and the historical reference period, and determine the target pulse width based on the target duty cycle and the historical reference period.

[0134] Wherein, the signal adjustment period represents the time required to complete the entire parameter adjustment process; the historical reference period is used as a time reference unit; the target pulse width refers to the final pulse duration calculated based on the target duty cycle.

[0135] The laser control system needs to determine the specific timing parameters based on the number of adjustments. Specifically, the laser control system first multiplies the number of adjustments by the historical reference period to obtain the minimum time length required to complete the parameter adjustment, which is the signal adjustment period. At the same time, the system multiplies the target duty cycle by the historical reference period to calculate the target pulse width that needs to be reached finally.

[0136] In actual application, the system response characteristics may change with working conditions. To solve this problem, the laser control system implements a timing adaptive mechanism. The system analyzes historical adjustment data to establish a response characteristic model, and automatically adjusts the timing parameters when detecting a change in response characteristics, and if necessary, lengthens the adjustment period or inserts a stable reference period to ensure control effect.

[0137] In some embodiments, the laser control system implements a cooling protection control strategy, i.e., the laser control system inserts a cooling period containing a preset number of zero-voltage control signals in the signal adjustment period when the cooling efficiency coefficient is lower than a preset efficiency threshold; continuously collects cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data and updates the cooling efficiency coefficient, and records the cumulative number of zero-voltage control signal insertions; stops inserting zero-voltage control signals when the cooling efficiency coefficient is not lower than the preset efficiency threshold.

[0138] wherein the cooling efficiency coefficient represents the current heat dissipation capability index of the cooling system; the preset efficiency threshold refers to the minimum cooling efficiency value required for normal system operation; the zero-voltage control signal refers to the stop output signal inserted in the working period; the cooling period refers to a special working period for system cooling; the cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data refer to real-time monitoring parameters for evaluating cooling effect; and the cumulative number of insertions refers to the number of cooling periods executed.

[0139] The laser control system needs to take active cooling measures when it detects insufficient heat dissipation. Specifically, the laser control system continuously monitors the cooling efficiency coefficient, and when it is lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the system's heat dissipation capability has decreased. At this time, the laser control system dynamically inserts a cooling period in the original signal adjustment period, each cooling period containing a predetermined number of zero-voltage control signals for temporarily stopping the laser from working, giving the system sufficient time to cool down. In this process, the laser control system continuously collects and updates the temperature and flow rate data of the cooling liquid, and calculates the latest cooling efficiency coefficient in real time. The system records the number of zero-voltage signal insertions to evaluate the execution of the cooling measures. When the cooling efficiency returns to above the preset threshold, the system automatically stops inserting the cooling period and resumes normal operation mode.

[0140] In some embodiments, cooling control can be achieved in various ways: optionally, the laser control system can use an adaptive cooling strategy, first analyzing the rate and degree of cooling efficiency decline, then dynamically adjusting the number and distribution of cooling periods according to the thermal load condition, then real-time evaluating the cooling effect and optimizing the control parameters, and finally adjusting the timing of subsequent cooling periods according to the system response characteristics; alternatively, the laser control system can also use a predictive control method, predicting temperature trends by establishing a thermal dynamics model, planning the optimal cooling period distribution in advance, and balancing the cooling effect and working efficiency using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. It can be understood that other ways of implementing cooling control can also be used, which are not limited here.

[0141] In practical applications, frequent insertion of cooling periods can cause output power fluctuations. To solve this problem, the laser control system implements an intelligent cooling management mechanism. The system establishes a heat accumulation model by analyzing historical temperature data to predict the optimal cooling time. When the cooling period is inserted, the system will intervene at the appropriate time point based on the process requirements and compensate for the output fluctuations caused by cooling by adjusting the parameters of the regular working period. At the same time, the system also records cooling effect data to continuously optimize the cooling strategy.

[0142] In some embodiments, the laser control system will perform power degradation when the cooling is abnormal, that is, when the cumulative insertion number reaches a preset number and the cooling efficiency coefficient is still lower than the preset efficiency threshold, the laser control system will obtain the power output curve of the target laser; calculate the power decay rate according to the power output curve, and adjust the target duty cycle based on the power decay rate; after completing the degradation adjustment, the signal adjustment period is recalculated, and the cooling abnormality warning information is sent to the monitoring terminal.

[0143] Among them, the cumulative insertion number represents the total number of cooling periods that have been executed; the power output curve refers to the relationship between the actual output power of the laser and time; the power decay rate represents the speed of the output power decline; the degradation adjustment refers to the process of reducing the working parameters according to the system state; the cooling abnormality warning information is used to prompt the operator that the system has a heat dissipation problem.

[0144] When the laser control system cannot improve the system state through regular cooling measures, further protection measures need to be taken. Specifically, when the cumulative insertion number reaches the preset upper limit and the cooling efficiency has not recovered, it means that the system has a serious heat dissipation problem. At this time, the laser control system will collect and analyze the power output curve of the laser, and evaluate the degree of system state deterioration by calculating the rate of change of power with time. Based on the power decay rate, the system automatically calculates the safe working parameter range and adjusts the target duty cycle accordingly. After completing the parameter adjustment, the system re-plans the adjustment period to ensure smooth transition of the parameters to the degraded state. At the same time, the system sends detailed warning information to the monitoring terminal, including abnormal type, parameter change trend and other diagnostic data.

[0145] In practical applications, parameter degradation will affect the continuity of the process. To solve this problem, the laser control system implements a gradual degradation mechanism. The system first evaluates the power stability requirements of the current process stage, then designs the optimal degradation path, and gradually adjusts the parameters through multiple small steps. During the degradation process, the system continuously monitors the output characteristics to ensure that each adjustment is within an acceptable range. At the same time, the system records detailed degradation process data to provide a basis for subsequent fault analysis and system optimization.

[0146] S210, a driving pulse signal is generated and output to the resonant cavity, so that the pulse width of the target laser is adjusted to the target pulse width by a preset adjustment step within a signal adjustment period.

[0147] Referring to step S107, the laser control system generates and outputs an optimized driving control signal.

[0148] S211, after the signal adjustment period, the actual output power and beam quality parameters of the target laser are collected, and the power deviation value of the actual output power relative to the rated power is calculated.

[0149] Wherein, the actual output power represents the actual output optical power value of the laser at present; the beam quality parameters include beam divergence angle, spot diameter, beam quality factor and other characteristic parameters; the rated power refers to the design output power of the laser under standard working conditions; the power deviation value represents the relative difference between the actual power and the rated power.

[0150] The laser control system needs to evaluate the output effect after adjustment. Specifically, the laser control system collects laser output parameters through power meter and beam analyzer, and fully characterizes the output beam. The system first measures the actual output power, and records the spatial distribution characteristics of the beam, including near-field and far-field intensity distribution. Then compare the actual power with the rated power, calculate the relative deviation, and use it to evaluate the system performance. This comprehensive evaluation method can timely find potential performance degradation problems.

[0151] S212, when the power deviation value exceeds the preset power difference value, the optical loss compensation coefficient is calculated based on the beam quality parameters and the corresponding optical coupling efficiency, and the data simulation model is modified according to the optical loss compensation coefficient.

[0152] Wherein, the optical coupling efficiency represents the energy transmission efficiency of the optical system; the optical loss compensation coefficient is a correction factor used to compensate for the performance degradation of the optical system; the data simulation model modification means updating the control model parameters according to the actual running data.

[0153] The laser control system needs to optimize the control strategy according to the measured results. Specifically, the laser control system first judges whether the power deviation exceeds the preset threshold, when it exceeds the threshold, the system analyzes the change of the beam quality parameters, combines the theoretical coupling efficiency of the optical system, and calculates the actual energy loss. Based on these data, the system generates a compensation coefficient to modify the related parameters in the control model, so that the model more accurately reflects the current state of the system.

[0154] In some embodiments, the model correction can be implemented in various ways: optionally, the laser control system can use an adaptive filtering algorithm to process the measurement data, establish a correlation model between the optical loss and various influencing factors, and update the model parameters through online learning methods; optionally, the system can also use a neural network model, taking multiple beam parameters as input, training the network to predict the optical loss, and optimizing the model through a backpropagation algorithm. It can be understood that other ways of implementing model correction are also possible, which are not limited here.

[0155] S213, recalculate the next target duty cycle and signal adjustment period based on the corrected data simulation model.

[0156] wherein the corrected data simulation model refers to the latest control model after compensation adjustment; the next target duty cycle represents the new control target calculated based on the corrected model; and the signal adjustment period refers to the time required to achieve the new target.

[0157] The laser control system needs to update the control parameters based on the corrected model. Specifically, the laser control system uses the corrected model to re-evaluate the current working state and calculates the duty cycle required to achieve the desired output. The system also takes into account the impact of optical loss and appropriately increases the output power to compensate for energy loss. Then, the system determines the new adjustment period based on the parameter change amount to ensure a smooth and controllable parameter adjustment process.

[0158] In some embodiments, the parameter update can be implemented in various ways: optionally, the laser control system can use a predictive control algorithm to predict the system response for multiple periods based on the corrected model and optimize the parameter adjustment trajectory; optionally, the system can also use a hierarchical control strategy to implement basic parameter adjustment in the fast response layer and handle optical compensation in the optimization layer. It can be understood that other ways of implementing parameter update are also possible, which are not limited here.

[0159] S214, when the power deviation value continuously exceeds the preset power difference value for a preset number of times, send a detection prompt information of the resonant cavity optical element to the monitoring terminal.

[0160] wherein the preset number of times represents the upper limit of the allowed number of consecutive abnormalities; the detection prompt information contains diagnostic information such as abnormal type and parameter change trend; and the monitoring terminal refers to a human-machine interaction device for displaying and processing system state information.

[0161] The laser control system needs to discover and report potential problems in a timely manner. Specifically, the laser control system continuously monitors the change trend of the power deviation, and when it exceeds the preset threshold for multiple consecutive times, the system determines that there may be an optical element problem. At this time, the system generates a detailed diagnostic report containing information such as power change history and beam quality parameter trend, and sends it to the monitoring terminal through the communication interface to assist technicians in making maintenance decisions.

[0162] In some embodiments, the abnormality monitoring and alarming can be implemented in various ways: optionally, the laser control system can use a pattern recognition algorithm to analyze the parameter change characteristics, establish a fault feature library, and realize intelligent identification and classification of fault types; optionally, the system can also use an expert system method to diagnose abnormal conditions according to preset rules and give possible causes and recommended solutions. It can be understood that other ways can also be used to implement abnormality monitoring and alarming, which are not limited here.

[0163] In the embodiments of the present application, since the predictive control strategy based on historical data is adopted, combined with real-time state monitoring and multi-dimensional parameter optimization, the laser control system can dynamically adjust the control parameters during the working process and prevent potential risks in time. The problems of passive response, difficulty in predicting risks, unreasonable parameter adjustment and the like in the traditional control method are effectively solved, and intelligent control and reliable operation of the system are realized. Through multiple protection mechanisms such as cooling efficiency monitoring and optical loss compensation, the system can take corresponding measures in time under various abnormal conditions, improve the service life and working efficiency of the equipment, and reduce the maintenance cost and failure rate.

[0164] The laser control system in the embodiments of the present application will be described from the perspective of hardware processing. Please refer to Figure 3 , which is a schematic diagram of an entity device structure of the laser control system in the embodiments of the present application.

[0165] It should be noted that Figure 3 The structure of the laser control system shown is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and use range of the embodiments of the present application.

[0166] As Figure 3 shown, the laser control system includes a CPU 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the programs stored in a ROM 302 or loaded from a storage part 308 to a RAM 303, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. In the RAM 303, various programs and data required for system operation are also stored. The CPU 301, the ROM 302 and the RAM 303 are connected to each other through a bus 304. An I / O interface 305 is also connected to the bus 304.

[0167] The following components are connected to the I / O interface 305: an input section 306 including an audio input device, a push button switch, and the like; an output section 307 including a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), an audio output device, a lamp, and the like; a storage section 308 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 309 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, a modem, and the like. The communication section 309 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 310 is also connected to the I / O interface 305 as necessary. A removable medium 311 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, and the like is attached to the drive 310 as necessary so that a computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage section 308 as necessary.

[0168] In particular, the processes described above with reference to the flow charts can be implemented as computer software programs in accordance with embodiments of the present application. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer readable medium, the computer program containing computer programs for executing the methods illustrated by the flow charts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication section 309, and / or installed from the removable medium 311. When the computer program is executed by the CPU 301, various functions defined in the present application are performed.

[0169] The flow charts and block diagrams in the drawings are schematic illustrations of possible architectures, functions, and operations of systems, methods, and computer program products in accordance with various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flow charts or block diagrams can represent a module, a segment, or a portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical functions. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks can occur out of the order noted in the figures.

[0170] In particular, the laser control system of the present embodiment includes a processor and a memory, and the memory stores a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method provided by the above embodiment.

[0171] As another aspect, the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium, which can be included in the laser control system described in the above embodiments, or can exist independently without being assembled into the laser control system. The above storage medium carries one or more computer programs, which, when executed by a processor of the laser control system, enable the laser control system to implement the pulse type carbon dioxide laser control method provided in the above embodiments.

[0172] The above described and above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0173] In the above embodiments, according to the context, the term "when" can be interpreted as meaning "if" or "after" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting". Similarly, according to the context, the phrase "upon determining" or "if detecting (the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as meaning "if determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting (the stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)".

Claims

1. A method of controlling a pulsed carbon dioxide laser, characterized by, The method is applied to a laser control system, and comprises the following steps: Collecting pulse signals input to a resonant cavity of a target laser to obtain historical voltage data; According to the historical voltage data, determining a historical reference period, a historical pulse width, and a historical peak voltage, and calculating a historical duty cycle based on the historical reference period and the historical pulse width; Obtaining pulse signals of the target laser in a current period from the historical voltage data to obtain current voltage data, and determining a current period start time according to a rising edge of the current voltage data; Inputting the historical duty cycle, the historical peak voltage, and the current voltage data into a data simulation model to obtain a predicted duty cycle and a predicted peak voltage in the current period; the data simulation model is a mathematical model constructed based on a machine learning algorithm and historical duty cycles and peak voltages, and is used to predict duty cycles and peak voltages in future time according to the historical duty cycles, the historical peak voltages, and the current voltage data; Determining a maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage based on a safe working parameter table, and taking a smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as a target duty cycle; the safe working parameter table is a pre-established data set or lookup table, and records maximum allowed duty cycles for ensuring safe operation of a triode in an excitation circuit of a laser under different peak voltages and different device temperatures; Based on the target duty cycle and the current period start time, calculating a target pulse width and a signal adjustment period; Generating a driving pulse signal and outputting the driving pulse signal to the resonant cavity, so that the pulse width of the target laser is adjusted to the target pulse width by a preset adjustment step within the signal adjustment period.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the maximum allowed duty cycle corresponding to the predicted peak voltage based on the safe working parameter table, and taking the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as the target duty cycle, specifically comprises: Collecting temperature sensing data of the target laser; According to the temperature sensing data and the predicted peak voltage, determining a corresponding maximum allowed duty cycle in the safe working parameter table; Taking the smaller value between the predicted duty cycle and the maximum allowed duty cycle as the target duty cycle.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of calculating the target pulse width and the signal adjustment period based on the target duty cycle and the current period start time, specifically comprises: Collecting cooling liquid temperature and flow rate data of a cooling system on the target laser; According to the cooling liquid temperature and the flow rate data, calculating a cooling efficiency coefficient, and determining a maximum allowed adjustment step from a preset adjustment step mapping table based on the cooling efficiency coefficient; Calculating an adjustment difference value of the target duty cycle and a current duty cycle, and determining an adjustment number based on the adjustment difference value and the maximum allowed adjustment step; Based on the adjustment number and the historical reference period, determining a signal adjustment period, and determining a target pulse width according to the target duty cycle and the historical reference period.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, After the step of determining the signal adjustment period based on the adjustment number and the historical reference period, and determining the target pulse width according to the target duty cycle and the historical reference period, the method further comprises: When the cooling efficiency coefficient is lower than a preset efficiency threshold, inserting a cooling period containing a preset number of zero-voltage control signals in the signal adjustment period; Continuously collecting the cooling liquid temperature and the flow rate data and updating the cooling efficiency coefficient, and recording the cumulative insertion number of the zero-voltage control signals; When the cooling efficiency coefficient is not lower than the preset efficiency threshold, stopping the insertion of the zero-voltage control signals.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, After the step of continuously collecting the cooling liquid temperature and the flow rate data and updating the cooling efficiency coefficient, and recording the cumulative insertion number of the zero-voltage control signals, the method further comprises: When the cumulative insertion number reaches the preset number and the cooling efficiency coefficient is still lower than the preset efficiency threshold, obtaining the power output curve of the target laser; Calculating the power decay rate according to the power output curve, and performing degradation adjustment on the target duty cycle based on the power decay rate; After completing the degradation adjustment, recalculating the signal adjustment period, and sending a cooling abnormality warning message to a monitoring terminal.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the step of collecting the pulse signal input to the resonant cavity on the target laser to obtain historical voltage data, the method further comprises: When the waveform parameter in the historical voltage data deviates from the waveform of a preset standard waveform by more than a preset deviation threshold, determining an incremental training sample corresponding to the historical voltage data; Based on the incremental training sample, incrementally training the data simulation model to obtain an updated simulation model, and calculating a parameter change rate of the model parameters in the updated simulation model; When the parameter change rate is greater than a preset fluctuation threshold, rolling back the updated simulation model to the data simulation model, and sending a model abnormality prompt message to a monitoring terminal.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the step of generating a driving pulse signal and outputting it to the resonant cavity, so that the pulse width of the target laser is adjusted to the target pulse width by a preset adjustment step in the signal adjustment period, the method further comprises: After the signal adjustment period, collecting the actual output power and beam quality parameters of the target laser, and calculating a power deviation value of the actual output power relative to the rated power; When the power deviation value exceeds a preset power difference value, calculating an optical loss compensation coefficient based on the beam quality parameters and the corresponding optical coupling efficiency, and modifying the data simulation model according to the optical loss compensation coefficient; Based on the modified data simulation model, recalculating the next target duty cycle and signal adjustment period; When the power deviation value continuously exceeds the preset power difference value for a preset number of times, sending a detection prompt message of the resonant cavity optical element to a monitoring terminal.

8. A laser control system, characterized by, The laser control system comprises one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled with the one or more processors, the memory is configured to store computer program code, the computer program code comprises computer instructions, the one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to enable the laser control system to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions run on the laser control system, the laser control system is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, characterised in that, When the computer program product runs on the laser control system, the laser control system is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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