Lightweight carbon ceramic-aluminum composite brake disc and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The prepared carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is of a layered structure and comprises at least three layers, and the difference value of the thermal expansion coefficients of any two adjacent layers is smaller than or equal to 12.2 * 10 <-6 > / K; the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A-F and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are (2.3-2.8) * 10 <-6 > / K, (3.3-4.6) * 10 <-6 > / K, (4.4-6.7) * 10 <-6 > / K, (7.3-10.3) * 10 <-6 > / K, (9.1-11.3) * 10 <-6 > / K, (10.9-12.3) * 10 <-6 > / K and (12.5-14.5) * 10 <-6 > / K. The material is simple in preparation process, short in preparation period and low in cost. Meanwhile, the wear resistance and the high temperature resistance of the material are better, so that the stability of the friction coefficient of the brake disc can be improved by applying the material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of preparation of ceramic materials, in particular to a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, China's new energy vehicle has developed rapidly, and the retail market share has broken through 50%. In order to improve the endurance mileage, optimize the driving experience and shorten the braking distance, the lightweight development direction has been proposed for new energy vehicles in recent years, and the lightweight structure design or the lightweight material is selected to reduce the weight of the vehicle body. For the unsprung brake system, reducing 1 kg of weight is equivalent to reducing 5 kg of weight on the spring, so more and more manufacturers focus on unsprung weight reduction. Among them, the brake disc made of new material with lower density is used to achieve the purpose of weight reduction and improvement of braking performance, which is one of the popular directions of current brake product development.

[0003] Compared with the traditional cast iron brake disc, new brake discs such as carbon ceramic composite material and ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composite material have appeared in recent years. The carbon ceramic composite material has a series of advantages such as low density, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, but its preparation process usually includes first needling the carbon fiber woven into a preform, then gas phase carbonization of the preform to prepare a low-density carbon / carbon blank, and finally densification of the carbon / carbon blank by melt silicon infiltration, especially in recent years, an additional wear-resistant ceramic coating is coated on the surface of the carbon ceramic brake disc. The preparation process is complex, the production cycle is long, and the product price is high, at least 30 times the price of ordinary cast iron brake discs, which limits its batch application in passenger cars. The aluminum matrix composite brake disc takes aluminum alloy as the matrix and is supplemented by ceramic particles such as silicon carbide for reinforcement. The material has low density, uniform quality and low cost, and has certain advantages in the application of ordinary passenger cars, but the melting point of aluminum alloy is only 650℃. When the vehicle is in emergency braking or continuous braking, the surface temperature of the brake disc rises rapidly. Once the melting point or softening point of aluminum alloy is reached, the brake disc will have serious friction coefficient decay under this condition, which has obvious safety hazards. CN118879136A discloses a coating material, a carbon ceramic brake disc with single-mold wear-resistant coating formed therefrom and a preparation method thereof. The coating material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40wt% silicon carbide, 10-20wt% carbon black, 5-15wt% polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10wt% glycerol, 25-60wt% water. The carbon ceramic brake disc with single-mold wear-resistant coating comprises the coating material. The preparation method of the carbon ceramic brake disc with single-mold wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps: preparing a carbon / carbon composite preform; machining the carbon / carbon composite preform and opening grooves on the designed upper and lower surfaces thereof to obtain a carbon / carbon preform disc body; respectively coating and filling the grooves on the upper and lower surfaces of the carbon / carbon preform disc body with the coating material, and then vacuum treating and drying the filled carbon / carbon preform disc body to obtain a carbon / carbon preform disc body with single-mold pre-coating; and sequentially subjecting the carbon / carbon preform disc body with single-mold pre-coating to carbonization treatment and high-temperature ceramicization treatment to obtain the carbon ceramic brake disc with single-mold wear-resistant coating. Although this scheme overcomes the problem of uneven distribution of different phases on the surface of the carbon ceramic brake disc, thereby effectively alleviating the large fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the friction pair, it still has the problems of complicated and complex process, long production cycle, high product price and the like.

[0004] CN106812837B discloses an aluminum-based composite brake disc and a preparation method, comprising a disc body, the disc body comprises a composite structure composed of a disc core and a friction layer covering the disc core; the two surfaces of the disc core are connected by heat dissipation columns; the surface of the disc core is provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped grooves; the disc core is an aluminum alloy material, the aluminum alloy material is one of cast aluminum alloys A356, A357 and A319; the friction layer is a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, wherein the particle reinforced material is one or more of SiC, Al2O3, B4C and AlN; the number of wedge-shaped grooves is 6-12; the particle range of the particle reinforced material is 3-30 μm, which is normally distributed; the percentage content of the particle reinforced material in the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is 10-35%; the preparation method comprises: first, using an aluminum alloy material to cast the disc core, then using a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material composed of an aluminum alloy material and a particle reinforced material to cast the friction layer on the basis of the formed disc core, to form a disc body with a composite structure composed of an aluminum alloy material disc core and a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material friction layer on the surface; further comprising the following steps: (1) preparing the disc core: using an aluminum alloy casting method to make the disc core, and then machining it into the required shape and wedge-shaped grooves; (2) preparing the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material: first, pretreating the particle reinforced material, then melting the aluminum alloy material under vacuum conditions, with a melting temperature of 50-150 °C above the melting point of the selected aluminum alloy material; heating the particle reinforced material to about 300 °C, adding it to the aluminum alloy melt while stirring thoroughly to obtain the composite material, and finally rapidly pouring the stirred composite material into a mold near the melting point of the aluminum alloy material to cool and obtain a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material ingot; (3) disc body forming casting: placing the disc core into a disc body forming mold, vacuumizing, remelting the prepared particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material ingot, semi-solid state stirring near the liquidus, pouring the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material slurry into the brake disc body forming mold with the disc core, and after cooling and demolding, heat treating the formed brake disc body. However, in this scheme, the percentage of the particle reinforced material in the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is only 10-35%, i.e. the friction layer is still mainly composed of an aluminum alloy material, and the melting point of the aluminum alloy is only 650 °C. When the vehicle is in emergency braking or continuous braking, the surface temperature of the brake disc rises rapidly, and once it reaches the melting point or softening point of the aluminum alloy, the brake disc will have a serious friction coefficient decay under this condition, which has obvious safety hazards.

[0005] Therefore, how to simplify the preparation process of carbon ceramic materials, shorten the preparation period of carbon ceramic materials, and further reduce the cost; while improving the wear resistance and high temperature resistance of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite materials, and further improving the stability of the friction coefficient of the brake disc, is a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein self-made carbon ceramic particle powder and high-silicon aluminum alloy are mixed in different proportions to prepare a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material with matched thermal expansion coefficients, the material is internally high-silicon aluminum alloy and externally mainly carbon ceramic, the preparation process of the material is simple, the preparation period is relatively short, and the cost is relatively low; meanwhile, the material has good wear resistance and high-temperature resistance, so that the stability of the friction coefficient can be improved when the material is applied to a brake disc. The present application provides a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, wherein the material is a layered structure, the layered structure is at least 3 layers, and the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of any two adjacent layers is ≤12.2×10 -6 / K.

[0007] Further, the material is sequentially carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A from bottom to top, the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are (2.3-2.8)×10 -6 / K, (3.3-4.6)×10 -6 / K, (4.4-6.7)×10 -6 / K, (7.3-10.3)×10 -6 / K, (9.1-11.3)×10 -6 / K, (10.9-12.3)×10 -6 / K, (12.5-14.5)×10 -6 / K.

[0008] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 9 layers, sequentially the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A from bottom to top, the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are (2.3-2.8)×10 -6 / K, (3.7-4.6)×10-6 / K, (5.5-6.7) x 10 -6 / K, (9.1-10.3) x 10 -6 / K, (12.5-14.5) x 10 -6 / K.

[0009] Further, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite material is 11 layers, from bottom to top in turn is the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder A, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder B, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder C, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder D, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder E, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder E, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder D, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder C, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder B and the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder A, the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder A, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder B, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder C, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder D, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder E and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are respectively (2.3-2.8) x 10 -6 / K, (3.3-3.9) x 10 -6 / K, (4.9-5.7) x 10 -6 / K, (7.3-8.4) x 10 -6 / K, (9.5-11.3) x 10 -6 / K, (12.5-14.5) x 10 -6 / K.

[0010] Further, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite material is 13 layers, from bottom to top in turn is the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder A, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder B, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder C, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder D, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder E, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder F, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder F, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder E, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder D, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder C, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder B and the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder A, the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder A, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder B, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder C, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder D, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder E, the carbon-ceramic aluminum composite powder F and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are respectively (2.3-2.8) x 10 -6 / K, (3.3-3.9) x 10 -6 / K, (4.4-6.4) x 10 -6 / K, (7.3-7.8) x 10 -6 / K, (9.1-10.3) x 10 -6 / K, (10.9-12.3) x 10 -6 / K, (12.5-14.5) x 10 -6 / K.

[0011] Further, the mass ratio of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F is (90-95):(5-10), (75-85):(15-25), (55-75):(25-45), (25-50):(50-75), (20-35):(65-80), and (10-20):(80-90), respectively.

[0012] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 9 layers, and the mass ratio of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D is (90-95):(5-10), (75-80):(20-25), (55-65):(35-45), and (25-35):(65-75), respectively.

[0013] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 11 layers, and the mass ratio of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E is (90-95):(5-10), (80-85):(15-20), (65-70):(30-35), (40-50):(50-60), and (20-30):(70-80), respectively.

[0014] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 13 layers, and the mass ratio of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F is (90-95):(5-10), (80-85):(15-20), (60-75):(25-40), (45-50):(50-55), (25-35):(65-75), and (10-20):(80-90), respectively.

[0015] A method for preparing a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder: taking the carbon ceramic particle powder and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in proportion, respectively obtaining the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F; Step 2: laying carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder: in the film cavity of the pressing mold, sequentially laying the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A from bottom to top; Step 3: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: pressing the pressing mold in step 2, the pressure is 200-400 MPa, the holding time of the pressure is 2-3 h, and then demolding, thereby obtaining the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank; Step 4: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: first performing vacuumizing treatment on the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 3, then increasing the temperature, the temperature is 580-630 ℃, the holding time of the temperature is 1-2 h, and finally decreasing the temperature, thereby obtaining the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material.

[0016] Further, in step 1, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder includes but is not limited to Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca, and Al, and the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca, and Al is (36-42):(0.1-0.3):(0.1-1.0):(0.1-0.3):(0.1-0.3):(0.1-0.2):(0.01-0.05):(55-62).

[0017] Further, in step 3, the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F layer, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are respectively 1-2 mm, 1-3 mm, 1-3 mm, 2-4 mm, 2-6 mm, 3-5 mm, and 2-26 mm.

[0018] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 9 layers, the thickness of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D layer, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer is 1-2mm, 1-2mm, 2-3mm, 3-4mm, and 18-26mm, respectively.

[0019] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 11 layers, the thickness of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E layer, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer is 1-2mm, 1-3mm, 2-3mm, 2-4mm, 3-6mm, and 4-22mm, respectively.

[0020] Further, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 13 layers, the thickness of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F layer, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer is 1-2mm, 1-2mm, 1-3mm, 2-3mm, 2-4mm, 3-5mm, and 2-20mm, respectively.

[0021] Further, in step 1, the preparation method of the carbon ceramic particle powder comprises the following steps: Step ①: preparing a mixed powder: taking carbon fibers, carbon black powder, and phenolic resin powder, mixing uniformly, and obtaining the mixed powder; Step ②: preparing a green body: loading the mixed powder in step ① into a mold, first performing a preheating treatment, the preheating temperature is 80-100℃, the temperature maintaining time is 10-60min, then increasing the temperature and increasing the pressure, the temperature increasing temperature is 160-180℃, the pressure is 10-20MPa, the temperature and pressure maintaining time is 10-30min, then decreasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure, and finally demolding, obtaining the green body; Step ③: preparing a ceramic composite material: placing the green body in step ② on silicon powder, first performing a vacuumizing treatment, then increasing the temperature, the temperature increasing is divided into two times, which are recorded as first temperature increasing and second temperature increasing, the first temperature increasing is gradient increasing, the rate is 0.5-2℃ / min, and the temperature is increased to 800-1000℃, the temperature maintaining time is 0.5-2h; the second temperature increasing is gradient increasing, the rate is 5-10℃ / min, and the temperature is increased to 1550-1650℃, the temperature maintaining time is 1-2h, and finally decreasing the temperature, obtaining the carbon ceramic composite material; Step ④: preparing a carbon ceramic particle powder: crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step ③, obtaining the carbon ceramic particle powder.

[0022] Further, in the step ①, the length of the carbon fiber is 3-6mm.

[0023] Further, in the step ①, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is (10-30):(30-70):(20-40), and the mixing time of the carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 15-60min.

[0024] Further, in the step ③, the mass ratio of the silicon powder and the green body is (2-2.5):1, and the purity of the silicon powder is >98%.

[0025] Further, in the step ④, after the carbon ceramic composite material is crushed, the carbon ceramic composite material is sieved to obtain the carbon ceramic particle powder, and the mesh number of the screen sieve is 20-100 mesh.

[0026] A brake disc, which comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is 0.41-0.45.

[0027] An automobile, which comprises the brake disc.

[0028] Advantages of the present application 1. In existing technologies, the outer surface of passenger car brake discs is generally made of aluminum alloy (with a small amount of ceramic reinforcing particles mixed in). However, aluminum alloy itself is not heat-resistant and begins to melt at around 600 degrees Celsius. Therefore, while such brake discs can be used under normal circumstances, in an emergency, the aluminum alloy is likely to melt, leading to performance degradation or even cracking of the brake disc, posing a significant safety hazard. Therefore, theoretically, using carbon ceramic material for the outer surface and aluminum alloy for the interior is a more ideal combination. The carbon ceramic material on the outer surface has good wear resistance and high-temperature resistance, which can improve the stability of the brake disc's friction coefficient. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy material inside has high strength and rigidity, capable of supporting the main structure and transmitting torque. However, if these two materials are forcibly pressed together using a hydraulic press, the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are significantly mismatched due to the smaller coefficient of thermal expansion of the carbon ceramic material and the larger coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum alloy, resulting in severe delamination. In summary, it is necessary to ensure that the outer surface of the brake disc is made of carbon-ceramic material (mainly ceramic material) to ensure the stability of the friction coefficient of the brake disc under various conditions, and to ensure that the ceramic material on the outer surface is tightly bonded to the internal aluminum alloy material. Therefore, this invention unexpectedly produces a carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material with an overall layered structure. By adjusting the ratio of carbon-ceramic particles to high-silicon aluminum alloy in each layer of the powder, the coefficients of thermal expansion of each layer of the composite material can be gradient-like, that is, the coefficients of thermal expansion of each layer are matched, thus allowing for tight bonding and preventing delamination. At the same time, the proportion of carbon-ceramic particles on the outer surface is relatively large, resulting in a more stable coefficient of friction under various conditions.

[0029] 2. The traditional preparation cycle of carbon-ceramic composite materials is approximately 3 months. This is because obtaining a dense carbon-ceramic composite material with uniform density distribution typically requires multiple repeated deposition and machining processes, increasing the preparation cycle length. Furthermore, heat treatment processes are usually carried out at high temperatures, which not only requires time to complete the heating and cooling process but may also be limited by equipment capacity and temperature control accuracy. Each preparation stage requires strict quality control, including raw material inspection, process monitoring, and finished product inspection, ensuring that the quality and performance of the final product meet standard requirements, but also increasing the preparation cycle time. In contrast, the preparation cycle of the carbon-ceramic composite material in steps 1-3 of this invention is only 4.5 days. This is because only a non-dense carbon-ceramic composite material with general mechanical strength is needed. After crushing and granulation, it is used for subsequent preparation of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite materials. Moreover, the preparation process of this carbon-ceramic composite material does not require strict control and precise operation; that is, the density, porosity, and density distribution uniformity of the carbon-ceramic composite material do not need to meet the stringent requirements of traditional brake disc structural components. Therefore, this invention simplifies the preparation process of carbon-ceramic composite materials, shortens the preparation cycle of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite materials, and thus reduces production costs. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Example 1 Carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material is 9 layers, from bottom to top, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A. The thermal expansion coefficients of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are 2.8×10 -6 / K, 4.6×10 -6 / K, 6.7×10 -6 / K, 10.3×10 -6 / K, 14.5×10 -6 / K, respectively.

[0031] The mass ratios of carbon-ceramic particle powder to high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D are 90:10, 75:25, 55:45, and 25:75, respectively.

[0032] Preparation method of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material: Step 1: Preparation of mixed powder: Take carbon fiber, carbon black powder, and phenolic resin powder, mix well, and obtain the mixed powder. The length of the carbon fiber is 3 mm. The mass ratio of the carbon fiber, carbon black powder, and phenolic resin powder is 10:70:20. The mixing time of the carbon fiber, carbon black powder, and phenolic resin powder is 15 min. Step 2: Preparation of green body: Put the mixed powder in step 1 into a metal mold, place the metal mold between the upper and lower clamps of a flat vulcanizing machine, preheat first, the preheating temperature is 80℃, and the holding time is 10 min, then heat to 160℃ and press to 10 MPa, and hold for 10 min, then cool to room temperature and release pressure, and finally demold to obtain the green body. The total preparation period of step 1 and step 2 is half a day. Step 3: Preparation of ceramic composite material: Put silicon powder on the bottom of a graphite crucible, and place the green body in step 2 on the silicon powder. The mass ratio of the silicon powder to the green body is 2:1. The purity of the silicon powder is >98%. Put the graphite crucible into a high-temperature furnace, and vacuumize. First, perform one-time heating, which is gradient heating, at a rate of 0.5℃ / min to 800℃, then hold for 0.5h, then perform two-time heating, which is also gradient heating, at a rate of 5℃ / min to 1550℃, then hold for 1h, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the carbon-ceramic composite material. The preparation period of step 3 is 4 days. Step 4: Preparation of carbon ceramic particle powder: the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3 is crushed and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the carbon ceramic particle powder; Step 5: Preparation of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder: the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 is mixed with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca, and Al in the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 36:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.01:62) in a certain proportion to obtain carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, respectively; Step 6: Laying of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder: the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A in step 5 are sequentially laid from the bottom to the top in the film cavity of the pressing mold, The preparation cycle of steps 4 to 6 is 1 day in total; Step 7: Preparation of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: the pressing mold in step 6 is pressed by a hydraulic machine, the pressure of the hydraulic machine is 200 MPa, the holding time is 2 h, and then the mold is demolded to obtain the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, in which the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A layer, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B layer, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C layer, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D layer, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 26 mm, respectively. The preparation cycle of step 7 is half a day; Step 8: Preparation of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 7 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuum is drawn, then the temperature is raised to 580℃, the holding time is 1 h, and then it is cooled to room temperature to obtain the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material. The preparation cycle of step 8 is 4 days.

[0033] Brake disc: The brake disc comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0034] Automobile: The automobile comprises the above brake disc.

[0035] Example 2 Carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 9 layers, which are sequentially the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A from the bottom to the top. The thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are 2.7×10-6 / K, 3.9 x 10 -6 / K, 6.2 x 10 -6 / K, 9.5 x 10 -6 / K, 13.8 x 10 -6 / K.

[0036] The mass ratio of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D is 92:8, 78:22, 60:40, and 30:70, respectively.

[0037] A method for preparing the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material comprises the following steps: Step 1: preparing a mixed powder: taking carbon fibers, carbon black powder, and phenolic resin powder, mixing them uniformly, and obtaining the mixed powder, wherein the length of the carbon fibers is 4 mm, the mass ratio of the carbon fibers, the carbon black powder, and the phenolic resin powder is 20:50:30, and the mixing time of the carbon fibers, the carbon black powder, and the phenolic resin powder is 40 min; Step 2: preparing a green body: loading the mixed powder in step 1 into a metal mold, placing the metal mold between the upper and lower clamping plates of a flat vulcanizing machine, preheating at a temperature of 90℃ for 40 min, then heating to 170℃ and pressurizing to 15 MPa for 20 min, then cooling to room temperature and unloading, and finally demolding to obtain the green body, wherein the total preparation period of steps 1 and 2 is half a day; Step 3: preparing a ceramic composite material: placing the green body in step 2 on the bottom of a graphite crucible filled with silicon powder, wherein the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the green body is 2.2:1, the purity of the silicon powder is greater than 98%, and the graphite crucible is placed in a high-temperature furnace, vacuumized, once heated at a gradient of 1℃ / min to 900℃, then kept for 1 h, twice heated at a gradient of 8℃ / min to 1600℃, then kept for 1.5 h, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the carbon ceramic composite material, and the preparation period of step 3 is 4 days; Step 4: preparing a carbon ceramic particle powder: crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3, and then passing it through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the carbon ceramic particle powder; Step 5: preparing a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder: mixing the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca, and Al in the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 37:0.2:0.5:0.2:0.2:0.2:0.02:58) in a certain proportion to obtain the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, respectively. Step 6: Laying carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder: In the cavity of the pressing mold, lay carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A sequentially from bottom to top. The preparation cycle for steps 4 to 6 is a total of 1 day; Step 7: Preparation of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite green body: Apply pressure to the pressing mold in step 6 using a hydraulic press. The pressure of the hydraulic press is 300MPa, and the holding time is 2.5h. Then demold to obtain the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite green body. In the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite green body, the thicknesses of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer D and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 2mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 18mm respectively. The preparation cycle of step 7 is half a day. Step 8: Preparation of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material: Place the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite preform from step 7 into a vacuum sintering furnace, evacuate the furnace, then heat it to 600℃ and hold it for 1.5 hours, then cool it to room temperature to obtain the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material. The preparation cycle of step 8 is 4 days.

[0038] Brake disc: The brake disc is made of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material. The friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0039] Automobile: Automobiles include the aforementioned brake discs.

[0040] Example 3 Carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite materials: The carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material consists of nine layers, arranged from bottom to top as follows: carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, B, C, and D, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, respectively, with coefficients of thermal expansion of 2.3 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K, 3.7×10 -6 / K, 5.5×10 -6 / K, 9.1×10 -6 / K, 12.5×10 -6 / K.

[0041] The mass ratios of carbon ceramic particles to high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D are 95:5, 80:20, 65:35, and 35:65, respectively.

[0042] Method for preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material Step 1: preparing mixed powder, taking carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder, mixing uniformly, obtaining mixed powder, the length of carbon fiber is 6mm, the mass ratio of carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 30:30:40, the mixing time of carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 60min; Step 2: preparing green body, putting the mixed powder in step 1 into metal mold, putting the metal mold between the upper and lower clamping plates of the flat vulcanizing machine, preheating first, the preheating temperature is 100℃, the holding time is 60min, then heating to 180℃, pressurizing to 20MPa, the holding time is 30min, then cooling to room temperature, unloading, finally demolding, obtaining green body, wherein the total preparation period of step 1 and step 2 is half a day; Step 3: preparing ceramic composite material, taking silicon powder and laying on the bottom of graphite crucible, putting the green body in step 2 on the silicon powder, the mass ratio of silicon powder and green body is 2.5:1, the purity of silicon powder is >98%, putting the graphite crucible into high temperature furnace, vacuumizing, first heating, the first heating is gradient heating, heating to 1000℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, then keeping for 2h, second heating, the second heating is also gradient heating, heating to 1650℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min, then keeping for 2h, then cooling to room temperature, obtaining carbon ceramic composite material, the preparation period of step 3 is 4 days; Step 4: preparing carbon ceramic particle powder, crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3, then passing through 100 mesh sieve, obtaining carbon ceramic particle powder; Step 5: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, mixing the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca and Al in high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 42:0.3:1.0:0.3:0.3:0.2:0.05:55) in proportion, respectively obtaining carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the mass ratio of carbon ceramic particle powder and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D is 95:5, 80:20, 65:35 and 35:65 respectively; The preparation period of step 4 to step 6 is 1 day in total; Step 7: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: the pressing mold in step 6 is pressed by a hydraulic machine, the pressure of the hydraulic machine is 400 MPa, the holding time is 3 h, and then the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank is demolded, in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer D and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 2 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 18 mm respectively, and the preparation period of step 7 is half a day; Step 8: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 7 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumized, then heated to 630 ℃, and kept for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the preparation period of step 8 is 4 days.

[0043] Brake disc: the brake disc comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0044] Automobile: the automobile comprises the brake disc.

[0045] Example 4 Carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 11 layers, from bottom to top, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, and the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are 2.8×10 -6 / K, 3.9×10 -6 / K, 5.7×10 -6 / K, 8.4×10 -6 / K, 11.3×10 -6 / K, 14.5×10 -6 / K respectively.

[0046] The mass ratios of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E are 90:10, 80:20, 65:35, 40:60 and 20:80 respectively.

[0047] Preparation method of carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: Step 1: preparing the mixed powder, taking carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder, mixing uniformly to obtain the mixed powder, the length of the carbon fiber is 3mm, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber, the carbon black powder and the phenolic resin powder is 10:70:20, and the mixing time of the carbon fiber, the carbon black powder and the phenolic resin powder is 15min; Step 2: preparing the green body, loading the mixed powder in step 1 into a metal mold, placing the metal mold between the upper and lower clamping plates of a flat vulcanizing machine, preheating first, the preheating temperature is 80℃, the holding time is 10min, then heating to 160℃, pressurizing to 10MPa, the holding time is 10min, then cooling to room temperature, unloading, and finally demolding to obtain the green body, wherein the preparation period of step 1 and step 2 is half a day in total; Step 3: preparing the ceramic composite material, taking silicon powder and placing the green body in step 2 on the silicon powder, the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the green body is 2:1, the purity of the silicon powder is >98%, placing the graphite crucible in a high-temperature furnace, vacuumizing, first-time heating, the first-time heating is gradient heating, heating to 800℃ at a rate of 0.5℃ / min, then holding for 0.5h, second-time heating, the second-time heating is also gradient heating, heating to 1550℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, then holding for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon ceramic composite material, the preparation period of step 3 is 4 days; Step 4: preparing the carbon ceramic particle powder, crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3, and then passing through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the carbon ceramic particle powder; Step 5: preparing the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, mixing the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca and Al in the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 36:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.01:62) in proportion to obtain carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E; Step 6: laying the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, laying the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A in step 5 in the membrane cavity of the pressing mold from bottom to top in turn, and the preparation period of steps 4 to 6 is 1 day in total; Step 7: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: the pressing mold in step 6 is pressed by a hydraulic machine, the pressure of the hydraulic machine is 200 MPa, the holding time is 2 h, and then the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank is demolded, in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer E and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 22 mm respectively, and the preparation period of step 7 is half a day; Step 8: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 7 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumized, then heated to 580 ℃, and kept for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature, to obtain the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the preparation period of step 8 is 4 days.

[0048] Brake disc: the brake disc comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0049] Automobile: the automobile comprises the brake disc.

[0050] Example 5 Carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 11 layers, from bottom to top, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, and the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are 2.3×10 -6 / K, 3.3×10 -6 / K, 4.9×10 -6 / K, 7.3×10 -6 / K, 9.5×10 -6 / K, 12.5×10 -6 / K respectively.

[0051] The mass ratios of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E are 95:5, 85:15, 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70 respectively.

[0052] Method for preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: Step 1: preparing the mixed powder, taking carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder, mixing uniformly to obtain the mixed powder, the length of the carbon fiber is 6 mm, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber, the carbon black powder and the phenolic resin powder is 30:30:40, and the mixing time of the carbon fiber, the carbon black powder and the phenolic resin powder is 60 min; Step 2: preparing the green body, loading the mixed powder in step 1 into a metal mold, placing the metal mold between the upper and lower clamping plates of a flat vulcanizing machine, preheating first, the preheating temperature is 100 ℃, the holding time is 60 min, then heating to 180 ℃, pressurizing to 20 MPa, the holding time is 30 min, then cooling to room temperature, unloading, and finally demolding to obtain the green body, wherein the total preparation period of step 1 and step 2 is half a day; Step 3: preparing the ceramic composite material, taking silicon powder and placing the green body in step 2 on the silicon powder, the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the green body is 2.5:1, the purity of the silicon powder is > 98%, placing the graphite crucible in a high-temperature furnace, vacuumizing, first-time heating, the first-time heating is gradient heating, heating to 1000 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃ / min, then holding for 2 h, second-time heating, the second-time heating is also gradient heating, heating to 1650 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, then holding for 2 h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon ceramic composite material, the preparation period of step 3 is 4 days; Step 4: preparing the carbon ceramic particle powder, crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3, and then passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the carbon ceramic particle powder; Step 5: preparing the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, mixing the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca and Al in the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 42:0.3:1.0:0.3:0.3:0.2:0.05:55) in proportion to obtain carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E; Step 6: laying the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, laying the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A in step 5 in the membrane cavity of the pressing mold from bottom to top in turn, and the total preparation period of steps 4 to 6 is 1 day; Step 7: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: the pressing mold in step 6 is pressed by a hydraulic machine, the pressure of the hydraulic machine is 400 MPa, the holding time is 3 h, and then the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank is demolded, in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer E and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 2 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 4 mm respectively, and the preparation period of step 7 is half a day; Step 8: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 7 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumized, then heated to 630 ℃, the holding time is 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the preparation period of step 8 is 4 days.

[0053] Brake disc: the brake disc comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0054] Automobile: the automobile comprises the brake disc.

[0055] Example 6 Carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 13 layers, and from bottom to top, the layers are carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, and the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are 2.8×10 -6 / K, 3.9×10 -6 / K, 6.4×10 -6 / K, 7.8×10 -6 / K, 10.3×10 -6 / K, 12.3×10 -6 / K, 14.5×10 -6 / K, respectively.

[0056] The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 13 layers, and the mass ratios of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F are 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, 45:55, 25:75 and 10:90, respectively.

[0057] Method for preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material Step 1: preparing mixed powder, taking carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder, mixing uniformly to obtain mixed powder, the length of carbon fiber is 3mm, the mass ratio of carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 10:70:20, the mixing time of carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 15min; Step 2: preparing green body, putting the mixed powder in step 1 into metal mold, placing the metal mold between the upper and lower clamping plates of the flat vulcanizing machine, preheating first, the preheating temperature is 80℃, the holding time is 10min, then heating to 160℃, pressurizing to 10MPa, the holding time is 10min, then cooling to room temperature, unloading, finally demolding, thus the green body is obtained, wherein the total preparation period of step 1 and step 2 is half a day; Step 3: preparing ceramic composite material, taking silicon powder and laying on the bottom of graphite crucible, putting the green body in step 2 on the silicon powder, the mass ratio of silicon powder and green body is 2:1, the purity of silicon powder is >98%, putting the graphite crucible into high temperature furnace, vacuumizing, first heating, the first heating is gradient heating, heating to 800℃ at a rate of 0.5℃ / min, then keeping for 0.5h, second heating, the second heating is also gradient heating, heating to 1550℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, then keeping for 1h, then cooling to room temperature, thus the carbon ceramic composite material is obtained, the preparation period of step 3 is 4 days; Step 4: preparing carbon ceramic particle powder, crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3, then passing through 20 mesh sieve, thus the carbon ceramic particle powder is obtained; Step 5: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, mixing the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca and Al in high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 36:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.01:62) in proportion, thus carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F are obtained respectively; Step 6: laying carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, laying carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A in step 5 in the membrane cavity of the pressing mold from bottom to top in turn, the total preparation period of step 4 to step 6 is 1 day; Step 7: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: the pressing mold in step 6 is pressed by a hydraulic machine, the pressure of the hydraulic machine is 200 MPa, the holding time is 2 h, and then the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank is demolded, in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E layer, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F layer and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 1 mm, 1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 20 mm respectively, and the preparation period of step 7 is half a day; Step 8: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 7 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumized, then heated to 580℃, the holding time is 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the preparation period of step 8 is 4 days.

[0058] Brake disc: the brake disc comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0059] Automobile: the automobile comprises the brake disc.

[0060] Example 7 Carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 13 layers, and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top, and the thermal expansion coefficients of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are 2.3×10 -6 / K, 3.3×10 -6 / K, 4.4×10 -6 / K, 7.3×10 -6 / K, 9.1×10 -6 / K, 10.9×10 -6 / K, 12.5×10 -6 / K, respectively.

[0061] The carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material is 13 layers, and the mass ratios of the carbon ceramic particle powder to the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E and the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F are 95:5, 85:15, 75:25, 50:50, 35:65 and 20:80, respectively.

[0062] Method for preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material Step 1: preparing mixed powder, taking carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder, mixing uniformly to obtain mixed powder, the length of carbon fiber is 6mm, the mass ratio of carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 30:30:40, the mixing time of carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder is 60min; Step 2: preparing green body, putting the mixed powder in step 1 into metal mold, placing the metal mold between the upper and lower clamping plates of the flat vulcanizing machine, preheating first, the preheating temperature is 100℃, the holding time is 60min, then heating to 180℃, pressurizing to 20MPa, the holding time is 30min, then cooling to room temperature, unloading, finally demolding, thus the green body is obtained, wherein the total preparation period of step 1 and step 2 is half a day; Step 3: preparing ceramic composite material, taking silicon powder and placing the green body in step 2 on the silicon powder, the mass ratio of silicon powder to green body is 2.5:1, the purity of silicon powder is >98%, placing the graphite crucible in the high-temperature furnace, vacuumizing, first-time heating, the first-time heating is gradient heating, heating to 1000℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, then keeping for 2h, second-time heating, the second-time heating is also gradient heating, heating to 1650℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min, then keeping for 2h, then cooling to room temperature, thus the carbon ceramic composite material is obtained, the preparation period of step 3 is 4 days; Step 4: preparing carbon ceramic particle powder, crushing the carbon ceramic composite material in step 3, then passing through a 100-mesh sieve, thus the carbon ceramic particle powder is obtained; Step 5: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, mixing the carbon ceramic particle powder in step 4 with high-silicon aluminum alloy powder (the mass ratio of Si, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Ca and Al in high-silicon aluminum alloy powder is 42:0.3:1.0:0.3:0.3:0.2:0.05:55) in proportion, thus carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F are obtained respectively; Step 6: laying carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder, laying carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A in step 5 in the membrane cavity of the pressing mold from bottom to top in turn, the total preparation period of step 4 to step 6 is 1 day; Step 7: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank: pressing the pressing mold in step 6 with a hydraulic machine, the pressure of the hydraulic machine is 400 MPa, the holding time is 2 h, and then demolding, to obtain a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, in the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank, the thicknesses of the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer A, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer B, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer C, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer D, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer E, the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer F and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 2 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 2 mm respectively, and the preparation period of step 7 is half a day; Step 8: preparing carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material: placing the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite blank in step 7 in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing, then heating to 630℃, keeping the temperature for 2 h, and then cooling to room temperature, to obtain a carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the preparation period of step 8 is 4 days.

[0063] Brake disc: the brake disc comprises the carbon ceramic-aluminum composite material, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0064] Automobile: the automobile comprises the brake disc.

[0065] Comparative example 1 Preparation method of carbon ceramic brake disc: Step 1: preparing carbon fiber preform: carbon fibers are made into long fiber unidirectional fabric and short fiber web, the unidirectional fabric and the web are alternately stacked and needled, the laying angle of the unidirectional fabric between the layers is 0° / 90° alternately, and the carbon fiber preform is obtained after needle punching, the density of the preform is 0.40±0.05 g / cm 3 , and the preparation period of step 1 is 15 days; Step 2: preparing low-density carbon / carbon blank: placing the carbon fiber preform in step 1 in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, using chemical vapor infiltration process to deposit pyrolytic carbon matrix on the surface of the carbon fiber, gradually increasing the density of the preform, the deposition temperature is 1100℃, the carbon source gas is methane, and nitrogen is the carrier gas, through repeated deposition and repeated operation of removing surface crust by machining, a low-density carbon / carbon blank is obtained, the density of the blank is 1.35±0.1 g / cm 3 , the deposition time is 600 h, and the preparation period of step 2 is 60 days; Step 3: high-temperature heat treatment: placing the carbon / carbon blank in step 2 in a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is 2000℃, and the heat treatment time is 4 h, and the preparation period of step 3 is 5 days; Step 4: rough machining: rough machining the carbon / carbon blank in step 3 to process keyways and ventilation holes of the disc body, then ultrasonic cleaning, and then drying in an oven after cleaning, and the preparation period of step 4 is 7 days; Step 5: Silicon infiltration: the carbon / carbon disc body in step 4 is subjected to silicon infiltration treatment, and the operation is the same as that in step 3 in Example 1, to obtain a carbon ceramic brake disc, the preparation period of step 5 is 5 days, and the friction coefficient of the carbon ceramic brake disc is shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 2 A method for preparing a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake disc: Step 1: Preparation of disc core: an aluminum alloy disc core is prepared by semi-solid casting of aluminum alloy A356, the preparation period of step 1 is 2 days; Step 2: Preparation of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite: first, the silicon carbide particles are pretreated (grinding, screening, cleaning, drying), then the silicon carbide particles are placed in an electric furnace and calcined at 1000-1100°C for 100 minutes and then naturally cooled, the aluminum alloy A356 is heated to 665°C to melt, the silicon carbide particles are heated to 350°C, and then added to the aluminum alloy melt while stirring to obtain the composite, the silicon carbide particles range from 3μm to 25μm, and the weight percentage content is 23% of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the stirring temperature is controlled at about 580°C, the stirring speed is 1000rpm, and the stirring time is 60 minutes, the prepared composite is quickly poured into a mold near the melting point of the aluminum alloy and cooled to obtain a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot, the preparation period of step 2 is 3 days; Step 3: Disc body forming casting: the disc core is then placed in a brake disc body forming mold, the prepared particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot is remelted under vacuum conditions, semi-solid stirring is carried out at about 620°C, the stirring speed is 300rpm, the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite slurry is poured into the brake disc body forming mold to form a friction layer, after cooling and demolding, the formed brake disc body is subjected to heat treatment, to obtain a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake disc, the preparation period of step 3 is 2 days, and the friction coefficient of the brake disc is shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Comparison of friction coefficients and preparation periods of brake discs in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 coefficient of friction preparation cycle / day example 1 0.41-0.43 10 example 2 0.42-0.45 10 example 3 0.43-0.45 10 example 4 0.41-0.43 10 example 5 0.43-0.45 10 example 6 0.41-0.42 10 example 7 0.43-0.45 10 comparative example 1 0.36-0.48 92 comparative example 2 0.39-0.46 7

[0067] In summary, in the prior art (Comparative Examples 1-2), the stability of the friction coefficient of the brake disc is not as good as that of Examples 1-7, and the preparation cycle of Comparative Example 1 is obviously longer than that of Examples 1-7. In order to obtain a carbon-toughened ceramic composite material with a dense structure in Comparative Example 1, multiple repeated heat treatment processes such as curing and pyrolysis are usually required, which increases the length of the preparation cycle. In addition, the heat treatment process is usually carried out at high temperature, which not only requires time to complete the heating and cooling process, but also may be limited by the capacity of the equipment and the precision of the temperature control. In addition, strict quality control is required at each preparation stage, including raw material inspection, process monitoring and finished product inspection, etc., which ensures that the quality and performance of the final product meet the standard requirements, but also increases the time of the preparation cycle, which takes a total of 3 months. The outer surface of the brake disc in Comparative Example 2 is generally made of aluminum alloy (mixed with a small amount of carbon-toughened ceramic material), but aluminum alloy itself is not resistant to high temperature and begins to melt at more than 600 degrees. Therefore, such a brake disc can be used under normal circumstances, but if an emergency situation occurs, the aluminum alloy may melt, thereby causing the performance of the brake disc to degrade or directly crack, which has obvious safety hazards.

[0068] In the present application, the preparation cycle of the carbon-toughened ceramic composite material is only 4.5 days, because only a non-dense carbon-toughened ceramic composite material with general mechanical strength is required, which is crushed and granulated for subsequent preparation of the carbon-toughened ceramic-aluminum composite material. In addition, the preparation process of the carbon-toughened ceramic composite material does not require strict control and fine operation, i.e., the preparation process of the present application is simple, the preparation cycle is short, and the cost is low. In addition, the carbon-toughened ceramic-aluminum composite material prepared by the present application has a layered structure as a whole, and by adjusting the proportion of the carbon-toughened ceramic particle powder and the high-silicon aluminum alloy in each powder, the thermal expansion coefficients of each layer of the composite material can be changed in a gradient, i.e., the thermal expansion coefficients of each layer are matched, thereby being tightly combined and not delaminating. At the same time, the proportion of the carbon-toughened ceramic particle powder on the outer surface is large, so that the material prepared has good wear resistance and high temperature resistance, i.e., the brake disc using this material can improve the stability of the friction coefficient. Therefore, the present application has unexpected technical effects.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any other form. Any modification or equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present application still falls within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material, characterized in that, The material has a layered structure, with at least three layers, and the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between any two adjacent layers is ≤12.2×10⁻⁶. -6 / K.

2. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials, from bottom to top, are carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A. The coefficients of thermal expansion of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are (2.3-2.8)×10⁻¹⁰. -6 / K、(3.3-4.6)×10 -6 / K、(4.4-6.7)×10 -6 / K、(7.3-10.3)×10 -6 / K、(9.1-11.3)×10 -6 / K、(10.9-12.3)×10 -6 / K、(12.5-14.5)×10 -6 / K.

3. The material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material has 9 layers, arranged from bottom to top as follows: carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, B, C, and D, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, respectively. The coefficients of thermal expansion of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, B, C, and D, and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder are (2.3-2.8)×10⁻¹⁰. -6 / K、(3.7-4.6)×10 -6 / K、(5.5-6.7)×10 -6 / K、(9.1-10.3)×10 -6 / K、(12.5-14.5)×10 -6 / K.

4. The material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material consists of 11 layers, arranged from bottom to top as follows: carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, B, C, D, E, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, respectively. The coefficients of thermal expansion of these layers are (2.3-2.8) × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K、(3.3-3.9)×10 -6 / K、(4.9-5.7)×10 -6 / K、(7.3-8.4)×10 -6 / K、(9.5-11.3)×10 -6 / K、(12.5-14.5)×10 -6 / K.

5. The material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material has 13 layers, arranged from bottom to top as follows: carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder. The coefficients of thermal expansion of these three layers are (2.3-2.8) × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K、(3.3-3.9)×10 -6 / K、(4.4-6.4)×10 -6 / K、(7.3-7.8)×10 -6 / K、(9.1-10.3)×10 -6 / K、(10.9-12.3)×10 -6 / K、(12.5-14.5)×10 -6 / K.

6. The material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratios of carbon ceramic particles to high silicon aluminum alloy powder in carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, and carbon ceramic-aluminum composite powder F are (90-95):(5-10), (75-85):(15-25), (55-75):(25-45), (25-50):(50-75), (20-35):(65-80), and (10-20):(80-90), respectively.

7. A method for preparing the material according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder: Take the carbon-ceramic granular powder and the high-silicon aluminum alloy powder and mix them in proportion to obtain carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F respectively; Step 2: Laying carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder: In the cavity of the pressing mold, lay the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, high-silicon aluminum alloy powder, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder F, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder B, and carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder A from bottom to top; Step 3: Preparation of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite green body: Press the pressing mold in step 2 with a pressure of 200-400 MPa for 2-3 hours, and then demold to obtain the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite green body; Step 4: Preparation of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material: The carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite preform from Step 3 is first subjected to vacuum treatment, then heated to 580-630℃, and the temperature is maintained for 1-2 hours. Finally, it is cooled to obtain the carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite material.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 3, the thicknesses of carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer A, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer B, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer C, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer D, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer E, carbon-ceramic-aluminum composite powder layer F, and high-silicon aluminum alloy powder layer are 1-2mm, 1-3mm, 1-3mm, 2-4mm, 2-6mm, 3-5mm, and 2-26mm, respectively.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 1, the preparation method of the carbon ceramic particle powder includes the following steps: Step ①: Preparation of mixed powder: Take carbon fiber, carbon black powder and phenolic resin powder, mix them evenly to obtain the mixed powder; Step ②: Preparation of raw blank: The mixed powder from step ① is loaded into a mold and preheated at a temperature of 80-100℃ for 10-60 minutes. Then, the temperature is increased and the pressure is increased at a temperature of 160-180℃ and a pressure of 10-20 MPa for 10-30 minutes. Finally, the temperature and pressure are reduced and the raw blank is demolded to obtain the raw blank. Step ③: Preparation of ceramic composite material: The green blank from step ② is placed on silicon powder, first subjected to vacuum treatment, and then heated. The heating is divided into two stages, referred to as the first heating and the second heating. The first heating is a gradient heating, with the temperature increased to 800-1000℃ at a rate of 0.5-2℃ / min, and the temperature is held for 0.5-2h. The second heating is a gradient heating, with the temperature increased to 1550-1650℃ at a rate of 5-10℃ / min, and the temperature is held for 1-2h. Finally, the temperature is lowered to obtain the carbon-ceramic composite material. Step 4: Preparation of carbon ceramic granules: The carbon ceramic composite material from step 3 is pulverized to obtain the carbon ceramic granules.

10. A brake disc, characterized in that, The brake disc comprises the material described in any one of claims 1-6, and the coefficient of friction of the brake disc is 0.41-0.45.