Solar control coating and coated article

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar control coating and a coated article. The solar control coating (30) includes a first phase adjustment layer (40), a first metal functional layer (46), a second phase adjustment layer (50), a second metal functional layer (58), a third phase adjustment layer (62), a third metal functional layer (70), a fourth phase adjustment layer (86), and an optional protective layer (92). At least one of the metal functional layers (46, 58, 70) comprises a metal functional multi-film layer comprising (i) at least one infrared reflecting film and (ii) at least one absorbing film. The solar control coating provides enhanced solar control and / or aesthetic performance.

Description

[0001] This is a continuation of Patent Application No. 15 / 878, 1 10, filed on January 31, 2018, which is a continuation of Patent Application No. 15 / 212, 1 10, filed on July 13, 2016, which is a continuation of Patent Application No. 14 / 1 1 1, 1 10, filed on May 1 1, 2014, which claims priority to Patent Application No. 61 / 845, 1 10, filed on July 13, 2013, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

[0002] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0003] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 212,665, filed September 1, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 31 1,440, filed March 22, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present invention relates generally to solar control coatings having one or more metal functional multi-film layers comprising at least one infrared reflecting film and at least one absorbing film. BACKGROUND

[0005] Solar control coatings block or filter a selected range of electromagnetic radiation, typically radiation in the infrared and / or ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. These solar control coatings are disposed on a transparent body, such as a window, to reduce the amount of solar energy of a selected range that enters a building. This reduces the heat build-up inside the building.

[0006] Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) is an index that indicates to what extent a coating blocks solar heat. The lower the SHGC, the more solar heat is blocked, i.e., the less solar heat build-up inside a building.

[0007] Light-to-solar gain (LSG) is the ratio of visible light transmittance divided by SHGC.

[0008] Overall heat transfer coefficient (U-factor) is an index of heat loss, e.g., through a window. The lower the U-factor, the lower the heat transfer through the window, i.e., the higher the insulating level of the window.

[0009] While solar control coatings provide good solar isolation performance, it is useful to improve the solar control performance of these coatings. For example, it would be useful to reduce SHGC and / or increase light-to-solar gain (LSG).

[0010] To reduce SHGC, the thickness of the infrared-reflective metal layer can be increased. However, this also causes the solar control coating to reflect more visible light. Consumers prefer transparency with high visible light transmission but low visible light reflectance (both interior and exterior visible light reflectance). Furthermore, increasing the thickness of the infrared-reflective metal layer increases the solar control coating's sensitivity to random variations or systematic variations in the thickness of the films that make up the coating. This changes or adversely affects the performance of the coating or the aesthetics of the coating. In addition, increasing the thickness of the infrared-reflective metal layer tends to decrease the durability of the coating to chemical attack and / or mechanical attack. Moreover, the design of conventional solar control coatings employing one or more periods of dielectric / silver / dielectric structures limits the accessible area of the aesthetic / color space that is most attractive and achievable with the conventional solar control coating.

[0011] Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a solar control coating that provides enhanced solar control and / or aesthetic performance. For example, it would be desirable to provide a solar control coating with a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) to prevent heat build-up inside a building. For example, it would be desirable to provide a solar control coating with a high light-to-solar gain (LSG). A high LSG indicates good solar heat blockage while at the same time allowing visible light to pass through the coating, which improves the natural lighting inside a building. For example, it would be desirable to provide a solar control coating with a commercially desirable aesthetic space and / or a greater available color space. For example, it would be desirable to provide a solar control coating that is not heat-treated that has one or more of the above-mentioned advantages. SUMMARY

[0012] The solar control coating includes a plurality of phase adjustment layers and a plurality of metal functional layers. At least one of the metal functional layers includes a metal functional multi-film layer that includes (i) at least one infrared-reflective film and (ii) at least one absorbing film that includes copper.

[0013] The solar control coating provides a 3 mm reference insulated glass unit (3 mm reference IGU) having a light transmittance (T) value of no greater than 64%, a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of no greater than 0.29, and a light-to-solar gain (LSG) of at least 1.64.

[0014] The solar control coating provides a 6 mm reference insulated glass unit (6 mm reference IGU) having a light transmittance (T) value of no greater than 64%, a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of no greater than 0.29, and a light-to-solar gain (LSG) of at least 1.85.

[0015] The coated article includes a first layer having a first major surface and an opposing second major surface. A solar control coating is located on at least one of the major surfaces of the first layer. The solar control coating includes a plurality of phase adjustment layers and a plurality of metal functional layers. At least one of the metal functional layers includes a metal functional multi-film layer that includes (i) at least one infrared reflecting film and (ii) at least one absorbing film that includes copper.

[0016] The solar control coating can be a non-heat treated solar control coating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The application will be described with reference to the following drawings in which like elements are referred to with the same reference numeral throughout the several views.

[0018] Figure 1 is a side view (not to scale) of a coated article having a solar control coating of the application;

[0019] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a side view (not to scale) of the coated article of showing the multi-layer structure of an exemplary solar control coating of the application;

[0020] Figure 3 is a side view (not to scale) of the solar control coating of Figure 1 or Figure 2 incorporated into an insulating glass unit (IGU); and

[0021] Figure 4 is a side view (not to scale) of the solar control coating of Figure 1 or Figure 2 incorporated into a laminated unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Spatial or directional terms, such as "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "above," "below," and the like, relate to the application as shown in the drawings. However, the application can assume various alternative orientations and, accordingly, such terms are not to be considered as limiting.

[0023] All numbers used herein to describe a dimension, measurement, or other characteristic are to be understood as being modified by the term "about" unless otherwise specified. "About" means within ten percent of the value being described.

[0024] All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints and are also inclusive of any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein. Ranges disclosed herein are meant to include the average value of the range.

[0025] The term "over" with respect to a coating or film described herein means further from the substrate (or base layer) on which the coating or film in question is disposed. For example, a second layer that is "over" a first layer means that the second layer is further from the substrate (or base layer) than the first layer. The second layer can directly contact the first layer. Alternatively, one or more other layers can be between the first and second layers.

[0026] The term "film" refers to a region having chemically distinct and / or homogeneous composition. A "layer" comprises one or more "films," and a "coating" comprises one or more "layers."

[0027] The terms "polymer" or "polymeric" include oligomers, homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers, e.g., polymers formed from two or more types of monomers or polymers.

[0028] The term "ultraviolet radiation" refers to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to less than 380 nm. The term "visible radiation" or "visible light" refers to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. The term "infrared radiation" refers to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of greater than 780 nm to 100,000 nm. The term "solar infrared radiation" refers to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 1,000 nm to 3,000 nm. The term "thermal infrared radiation" means electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of greater than 3,000 nm to 100,000 nm.

[0029] All documents referred to herein are "incorporated by reference in their entirety."

[0030] The term "optical thickness" refers to the geometric thickness of a material multiplied by the refractive index of the material at a reference wavelength of 550 nm. For example, a material having a geometric thickness of 5 nm and a refractive index of 2 at a reference wavelength of 550 nm would have an optical thickness of 10 nm.

[0031] The term "tempering" or "heat treatment" means that the article or coating in question has been heated to a temperature sufficient to achieve thermal tempering, thermal bending, and / or thermal strengthening. This definition includes, for example, heating the article in an oven or furnace at a temperature of at least 580 °C, for example at least 600 °C, for example at least 620 °C, for a period of time to achieve thermal tempering, thermal bending, and / or thermal strengthening. For example, the heating can be for a period of time of 1 to 15 minutes, for example 1 to 5 minutes.

[0032] The term "untempered" means not tempered or heat treated, or not designed to be tempered or heat treated for final use.

[0033] The terms "metal" and "metal oxide" include silicon and silicon dioxide, respectively, as well as metals and metal oxides traditionally recognized as such, even though silicon can not traditionally be considered a metal.

[0034] “At least” means “greater than or equal to.” “No more than” means “less than or equal to.”

[0035] Any reference to a quantity is “by weight percent” unless otherwise specified.

[0036] Thickness values are geometric thickness values unless otherwise indicated.

[0037] “Dopant” is a material present in an amount less than 10 wt.%, for example less than 5 wt.%, for example less than 4 wt.%, for example less than 2 wt.%. For example, less than 1 wt.%. For example, less than 0.5 wt.%. For example, less than 0.1 wt.%.

[0038] The term “comprise” is synonymous with “include,” “contain,” or “comprise.”

[0039] The term “curable” refers to a material that is capable of polymerization or crosslinking. “Cured” refers to the material being at least partially polymerized or crosslinked, preferably fully polymerized or crosslinked.

[0040] The term “critical thickness” refers to a critical thickness above which a material forms a continuous uninterrupted layer and below which the material forms discrete regions or islands of material rather than a continuous layer.

[0041] The term “effective thickness” refers to the theoretical geometric thickness of a material deposited below its critical thickness but with deposition parameters (e.g., deposition rate, line speed, etc.) that would provide a continuous layer of the material at the reported thickness value if the material were deposited above its critical thickness. For example, if it is known that a material deposited at a deposition line speed of X centimeters per second forms a continuous layer having a geometric thickness of 10 nm, it is expected that increasing the line speed to 2X would deposit a coating having a geometric thickness of 5 nm. However, if 5 nm is below the critical thickness of the material, the deposited coating will not have a continuous uniform thickness of 5 nm, but rather will form a discontinuous or island-like structure. This is referred to herein as a “layer” or “film” having an “effective thickness” of 5 nm.

[0042] “3 mm reference IGU” is defined as having two spaced apart 3 mm transparent glass panes separated by a 0.5 inch (1.2 mm) gap filled with air, with the coating on surface #2. “3 mm reference IGU value” refers to the reported value (glass center) when the coating is incorporated into a 3 mm reference IGU on surface #2.

[0043] A "6mm reference IGU" is defined as having two transparent glass panes spaced 6mm apart, separated by a 0.5 inch (1.2 mm) gap filled with air, with the coating on surface 2. The "6mm reference IGU value" refers to the reported value (glass center) when the coating is incorporated into a 6mm reference IGU on surface 2.

[0044] A "reference laminate unit" is defined as having two layers of 2.1 mm transparent glass connected by a 0.76 mm polyvinyl butyral spacer and with the coating on surface 2. The reference laminate unit value refers to the reported value when the coating is incorporated into a reference laminate unit on surface 2.

[0045] The term "solar control coating" refers to a coating comprised of one or more layers or films that affect the solar properties of the coated article, such as the amount of solar radiation reflected by the coating, absorbed by the coating, or transmitted through the coating.

[0046] Unless otherwise indicated, optical and solar control performance values (e.g., visible light transmittance and / or haze) are values determined using a Perkin Elmer 1050 spectrophotometer. Unless otherwise indicated, reference IGU values (both 3mm and 6mm) are determined according to the OPTICS (v8.0) and WINDOW (v7.3.4,0) software available from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, measured glass center of gravity (COG), calculated according to the NFRC 2010 (including NFRC 100-2010) standard default settings.

[0047] Unless otherwise indicated, U-factors are winter / night U-factors.

[0048] Unless otherwise indicated, SHGC values are summer / day values.

[0049] Unless otherwise indicated, sheet resistance values are values determined using a four-point probe (e.g., Nagy Instruments SD-600 measurement device or Alessi four-point probe). Surface roughness values are values determined using an Instrument Dimension 3100 Atomic Force Microscope.

[0050] Color values (e.g., L*, a*, b*, C* and hue°) are in accordance with the 1976 CIELAB color system as specified by the International Commission on Illumination.

[0051] The L*, a*, and b* values in the specification and claims represent color centroid values. A reference IGU (3 mm or 6 mm) or reference laminate incorporating a solar control coating of the present application within normal manufacturing tolerances should have a delta Ecmc color shift from the centroid value of less than 4 CMC units (i.e., delta Ecmc < 4), preferably less than 2 CMC units (i.e., delta Ecmc < 2).

[0052] The discussion of the application in certain limitations can describe certain features as "particularly" or "preferably" (e.g., in certain limitations "preferably," "more preferably," or "even more preferably"). It is to be understood that the application is not limited to these particular or preferred limitations but encompasses the full scope of the disclosure.

[0053] The application includes, as an embodiment thereof, consists of, or consists essentially of, any combination of the following aspects of the application. The various aspects of the application are illustrated in separate drawings. It should be understood, however, that this is merely for convenience of illustration and discussion. In practicing the application, one or more aspects of the application illustrated in one drawing can be combined with one or more aspects of the application illustrated in one or more other drawings.

[0054] The application will be discussed with reference to architectural transparencies. "Architectural transparency" means any transparency located on a building, such as a window, IGU, or skylight. It should be understood, however, that the application is not limited to use with architectural transparencies, but can be implemented with transparencies in any desired field, such as residential and / or commercial windows, whether laminated or non-laminated, and / or transparencies for land, air, space, water, and / or underwater vehicles. It should be understood, therefore, that the specific examples disclosed are for the purpose of illustrating the general concepts of the application and that the application is not limited to these specific embodiments. Furthermore, while a typical "transparency" can have sufficient visible light transmittance such that the material can be viewed through the transparency, in the practice of the application, the "transparency" need not be transparent to visible light, but can be translucent.

[0055] In Figure 1 and 2 A coated article 10 incorporating features of the present application is illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. The coated article 10 includes a substrate or first layer 12 having a first major surface 14 and an opposing second major surface 16.

[0056] A solar control coating 30 of the present application is located on at least one of the major surfaces 14, 16 of the first layer 12. In the example illustrated in Figure 1 and 2 In the example illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the solar control coating 30 is located on at least a portion of the second major surface 16 of the first layer 12. As Figure 1As shown, the solar control coating 30 includes a first phase adjustment layer 40. A first metal functional layer 46 is positioned over the first phase adjustment layer 40. An optional first primer layer 48 can be positioned over the first metal functional layer 46. A second phase adjustment layer 50 is positioned over the optional first primer layer 48, if present. A second metal functional layer 58 is positioned over the second phase adjustment layer 50. An optional second primer layer 60 can be positioned over the second metal functional layer 58. A third phase adjustment layer 62 is positioned over the optional second primer layer 60, if present. A third metal functional layer 70 is positioned over the third phase adjustment layer 62. An optional third primer layer 72 can be positioned over the third metal functional layer 70. A fourth phase adjustment layer 86 is positioned over the optional third primer layer 72, if present. An optional protective layer 92 can be positioned over the fourth phase adjustment layer 86. At least one of the metal functional layers 46, 58, 70 includes a metal functional multi-film layer that includes (i) at least one infrared-reflective film and (ii) at least one absorptive film.

[0057] The first layer 12 can be transparent or translucent to visible radiation. By "transparent" is meant having a visible radiation transmittance of greater than 0% to 100%. Alternatively, the layer can be translucent. By "translucent" is meant to diffuse visible radiation such that objects located on the side opposite the viewer are not clearly visible. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, a plastic substrate (e.g., an acrylic polymer such as a polyacrylate; a polymethacrylate such as polymethylacrylate, polyethylacrylate, polypropylacrylate, or the like; a polyurethane; a polycarbonate; a polyalkylterephthalate such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polypropyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, or the like; a polysiloxane-containing polymer; or a copolymer of any monomers used to make these, or any mixture thereof), a ceramic substrate, a glass substrate, or a mixture or combination of any of the foregoing. For example, the layer can include conventional soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, or leaded glass. The glass can be clear glass. By "clear glass" is meant a glass that is not tinted or colored. Alternatively, the glass can be tinted glass or glass colored by other means. The glass can be heat-treated or heat-untreated glass. The glass can be any type, such as conventional float glass, and can be of any composition having any combination of optical properties (e.g., any value of visible radiation transmittance, ultraviolet radiation transmittance, infrared radiation transmittance, and / or total solar energy transmittance). By "float glass" is meant glass formed by a conventional float process in which molten glass is deposited on a molten metal bath and controllably cooled to form a float glass ribbon.

[0058] The first layer 12 can be clear float glass or can be tinted or colored glass. The first layer 12 can have any desired dimensions, such as length, width, shape, or thickness. Examples of glass that can be used in the practice of the present application include clear glass, Starphire® ® , Solargreen ® , Solextra ® , GL-20 ® , GL-35™, Solarbronze ® , Solargray ® glass, Pacifica ® glass, SolarBlue ® glass, and Optiblue ® glass, all of which are commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

[0059] The phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 comprise a non-metallic layer. For example, the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 include a dielectric or semiconductive material. For example, the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can include oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, borides, carbides, oxycarbides, borocarbides, boronitrides, carbonitrides, and / or mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof. Examples of suitable materials for the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 include oxides, nitrides, or oxynitrides of titanium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, zinc, bismuth, lead, indium, tin, silicon, aluminum, boron, and mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof. These can have small amounts of other materials. Examples include manganese in bismuth oxide, tin in indium oxide, etc. In addition, oxides of metal alloys or metal mixtures can be used. Examples include oxides containing zinc and tin (e.g., zinc stannate), oxides of indium tin alloys, silicon nitride, silicon aluminum nitride, or aluminum nitride. Further, doped metal oxides, suboxides, nitrides, subnitrides, or oxynitrides can be used. Examples include tin oxide doped with antimony or indium or silicon oxide doped with nickel or boron. Specific examples of materials include zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon nitride, silicon aluminum nitride, silicon nickel nitride, silicon chromium nitride, tin oxide doped with antimony, zinc oxide doped with tin, zinc oxide doped with aluminum, zinc oxide doped with indium, titanium oxide, and / or mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof.

[0060] One or more of the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can comprise a single material. Alternatively, one or more of the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can comprise multiple materials and / or multiple films. The phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can comprise a layered series of films of chemically distinct materials or phases, and / or can comprise one or more compositions of one or more chemically distinct materials or phases. Different phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can contain the same or different materials. The phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can have the same or different thicknesses.

[0061] The phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 allow for adjustment of constructive and destructive optical interference of electromagnetic radiation reflected and / or transmitted partially from the interface boundary portions of the layers of the solar control coating 30. Changing the thickness and / or composition of the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can change the overall reflectance, transmittance, and / or absorptance of the solar control coating 30, which can change the solar control performance, thermal infrared heat blocking performance, color, and / or aesthetics of the solar control coating 30. Additionally, the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can provide chemical and / or mechanical protection for other layers of the solar control coating 30, such as the metal functional layers.

[0062] In cases where high visible light transmittance is desired, the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 can act as an anti-reflective layer to anti-reflect the metal functional layers in order to reduce the overall visible light reflectance and / or increase the visible light transmittance of the solar control coating 30. Materials having a refractive index of approximately 2 are particularly useful for anti-reflecting the metal functional layers.

[0063] One or more phase adjustment layers can be located between the layer 12 and the lowermost metal functional layer. One or more phase adjustment layers can be located between the uppermost metal functional layer and the surrounding environment (e.g., air).

[0064] In the illustrated example coating 30, a first phase adjustment layer 40 is located over at least a portion of the second major surface 16 of the first layer 12. The first phase adjustment layer 40 can be a single layer or can comprise one or more films of the anti-reflective materials and / or dielectric materials described above. The first phase adjustment layer 40 can be transparent to visible light. The first phase adjustment layer 40 can or can not have minimal absorption in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible light.

[0065] The first phase adjustment layer 40 can comprise any of the phase adjustment materials described above. For example, the first phase adjustment layer 40 can comprise a metal oxide, a mixture of metal oxides, or a metal alloy oxide. For example, the first phase adjustment layer 40 can comprise a doped or undoped oxide of zinc and tin.

[0066] The first phase adjustment layer 40 can have an optical thickness in a range of 40 nm to 100 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 50 nm to 90 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 70 nm to 80 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 75 nm to 76 nm.

[0067] The first phase adjustment layer 40 can have a geometric thickness in a range of 20 nm to 50 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range of 25 nm to 45 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range of 35 nm to 40 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range of 37 nm to 38 nm.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 1, the first phase adjustment layer 40 can include a multi-film structure having a first film 42 and a second film 44. The second film 44 can be located above the first film 42. Figure 2

[0069] The first film 42 can include a mixture of an oxide of a metal alloy or a metal oxide. For example, the first film 42 can be an oxide of an alloy of zinc and tin. By "alloy of zinc and tin" is meant a true alloy as well as a mixture. The oxide of the alloy of zinc and tin can be obtained from a cathode of zinc and tin by magnetron sputter vacuum deposition (MSVD). The cathode can include zinc and tin, where the zinc is in a proportion of 5 wt.% to 95 wt.% and the tin is in a proportion of 95 wt.% to 5 wt.%, for example, 10 wt.% to 90 wt.% zinc and 90 wt.% to 10 wt.% tin. However, other proportions of zinc to tin can be used. An exemplary oxide of the metal alloy for the first film 42 can be written as Zn x Sn 1－x O 2-x (Molecular Formula 1), where "x" varies in a range of greater than 0 to less than 1. For example, "x" can be greater than 0 and can be any fraction or decimal greater than 0 and less than 1. The stoichiometric form of Molecular Formula 1 is "Zn2Sn04", commonly known as zinc stannate. A layer of zinc stannate can be sputter deposited from a cathode having 52 wt.% zinc and 48 wt.% tin in the presence of oxygen. For example, the first film 42 can include zinc stannate.

[0070] ​Doped zinc oxide can be deposited from a zinc cathode that includes another material to improve the sputtering characteristics of the cathode. For example, the zinc cathode can include a small amount of tin (e.g., 10 wt.%, such as 5 wt.%) to improve sputtering. In such a case, the zinc oxide film formed will include a small percentage of tin oxide, such as 10 wt.% tin oxide, such as 5 wt.% tin oxide. Examples of other materials include aluminum, indium, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the other material includes tin. A doped tin zinc oxide material deposited from a cathode that includes 90 wt.% zinc and 10 wt.% tin in the presence of oxygen is referred to herein as ZnO 90 / 10.

[0071] The second film 44 can include a metal oxide, a doped metal oxide, or a mixture of oxides. The second film 44 can include a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide. For example, the second film 44 can include zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide. For example, the second film 44 can include tin-doped zinc oxide. For example, the second film 44 can include ZnO 90 / 10.

[0072] The first film 42 can have an optical thickness in a range from 30 nm to 70 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 40 nm to 60 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 44 nm to 54 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 49 nm to 52 nm.

[0073] The first film 42 can have a geometric thickness in a range from 15 nm to 35 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 20 nm to 30 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 22 nm to 27 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 24 nm to 25 nm.

[0074] The second film 44 can have an optical thickness in a range from 10 nm to 40 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 16 nm to 38 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 20 nm to 30 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 26 nm to 28 nm.

[0075] The second film 44 can have a geometric thickness in a range from 5 nm to 20 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 8 nm to 18 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 10 nm to 15 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 13 nm to 14 nm.

[0076] The metal functional layer 46, 58, 70 can be a single layer film. For example, the metal functional layer 46, 58, 70 can each include a continuous metal film. A "continuous" metal film refers to an uninterrupted or unbroken film, such as a uniform film.

[0077] Alternatively, one or more of the metal functional layers 46, 58, 70 can be a metal functional multi-film layer. By "metal functional multi-film layer" is meant a layer that includes (i) at least one infrared-reflective film and (ii) at least one absorbing film. The infrared-reflective film can have reflectivity in the solar infrared portion and / or the thermal infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The absorbing film can exhibit enhanced absorption in one or more portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, enhanced absorption in the visible radiation region and / or the infrared radiation region and / or the ultraviolet radiation region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0078] The metal functional multi-film layer can include the absorbing film over the infrared-reflective film. The absorbing film can be in direct contact with the optional primer layer above.

[0079] The metal functional multi-film layer can include the infrared-reflective film over the absorbing film. The absorbing film can be in direct contact with the phase adjustment layer below.

[0080] The metal functional multi-film layer can include the infrared-reflective film between two absorbing films. The upper absorbing film can be in direct contact with the optional primer layer above. The lower absorbing film can be in direct contact with the phase adjustment layer below. Optionally, the primer layer can be between the lower absorbing film and the phase adjustment layer below.

[0081] Examples of infrared-reflective films include continuous metal films. Examples of infrared-reflective metals for use in the infrared-reflective films include noble metals or near-noble metals. Examples of these metals include silver, gold, platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, mercury, rhenium, aluminum, and combinations, mixtures, hybrids, or alloys thereof. For example, one or more of the metal functional films can include a continuous metal silver film.

[0082] Examples of absorbing materials for use in the absorbing films include metals, for example, gold, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, tantalum, iron, tin, aluminum, lead, zinc, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, manganese, titanium, silicon, chromium, and combinations, mixtures, hybrids, or alloys thereof. For example, one or more of the absorbing films can include copper. One or more of the absorbing films can include an alloy or superalloy of two or more of the above-mentioned materials. For example, an alloy of nickel, chromium, or nickel and chromium, for example, Inconel ® 600, Inconel ® 617, Inconel ® 625, Inconel ® 690, and / or Inconel ® 718.

[0083] The first metal functional layer 46 can include a metal functional multi-film layer as described above.

[0084] Alternatively, the first metal functional layer 46 can comprise a single infrared-reflective film comprising any of the above-described infrared-reflective metals. For example, the first metal functional layer 46 can comprise a continuous film of metallic silver.

[0085] The first metal functional layer 46 can have a geometric thickness in the range of 5 nm to 25 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in the range of 7 nm to 20 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in the range of 10 nm to 15 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in the range of 11.5 nm to 12.5 nm.

[0086] The optional primer layer 48, 60, 72 can be located in direct contact with the associated underlying metal functional layer. The primer layer 48, 60, 72 protects the associated metal functional layer during the coating process and / or subsequent processing (e.g., heat tempering). The primer material is deposited as a metal. Some or all of the metal primer is oxidized during subsequent processing (e.g., deposition of the above phase adjustment layer and / or heat tempering). When an oxide or nitride material is used in the phase adjustment layer, the primer layer 48, 60, 72 can comprise an oxide- or nitrogen-philic material, respectively. The primer layers 48, 60, 72 need not be the same material. The primer layers 48, 60, 72 need not have the same thickness.

[0087] Examples of materials for the primer layer 48, 60, 72 include titanium, niobium, tungsten, nickel, chromium, iron, tantalum, zirconium, aluminum, silicon, indium, tin, zinc, molybdenum, hafnium, bismuth, vanadium, manganese, and combinations, mixtures, hybrids, or alloys thereof.

[0088] The optional first primer layer 48 can be located over the first metal functional layer 46. The first primer layer 48 can be a single film or a multi-film layer. The first primer layer 48 can comprise any of the above-described primer materials. For example, the first primer layer 48 can comprise titanium. For example, the first primer layer 48 can be deposited as a titanium metal.

[0089] The geometric or effective thickness of the first primer layer 48 can be in the range of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, for example, in the range of 1 nm to 5 nm, for example, in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm, for example, 2 nm.

[0090] The second phase adjustment layer 50 is located over the first metal functional layer, for example, over the optional first primer layer 48 (if present). The second phase adjustment layer 50 can comprise one or more of the above-described phase adjustment materials and / or films for a phase adjustment layer.

[0091] The second phase adjustment layer 50 can have an optical thickness in a range of 80 nm to 200 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 100 nm to 160 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 130 nm to 140 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 136 nm to 138 nm.

[0092] The second phase adjustment layer 50 can have a geometric thickness in a range of 40 nm to 100 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range of 50 nm to 80 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range of 65 nm to 70 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range of 68 nm to 69 nm.

[0093] The second phase adjustment layer 50 can be a single film or a multi-film layer structure. For example, the second phase adjustment layer 50 can include a first film 52, a second film 54, and a third film 56.

[0094] The first film 52 and / or the third film 56 can include a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide. For example, the first film 52 and / or the third film 56 can include zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide. For example, the first film 52 and / or the third film 56 can include tin-doped zinc oxide. For example, the first film 52 and / or the third film 56 can include ZnO 90 / 10.

[0095] The second film 54 can include an oxide of a metal alloy, such as an oxide including zinc and tin. For example, the second film 54 can include zinc stannate.

[0096] The first film 52 (and / or the third film 56) can have an optical thickness in a range of 10 nm to 40 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 16 nm to 38 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 20 nm to 35 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 28 nm to 30 nm. The first film 52 and the third film 56 can include the same or different materials and can have the same or different thicknesses.

[0097] The first film 52 (and / or the third film 56) can have a geometric thickness in a range of 5 nm to 20 nm, such as a geometric thickness in a range of 8 nm to 18 nm, such as a geometric thickness in a range of 10 nm to 16 nm, such as a geometric thickness in a range of 14 nm to 15 nm.

[0098] The second film 54 can have an optical thickness in a range of 50 nm to 100 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 70 nm to 90 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 76 nm to 80 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range of 78 nm to 79 nm.

[0099] The second film 54 can have a geometric thickness in the range of 25 nm to 50 nm, for example, in the range of 35 nm to 45 nm, for example, in the range of 38 nm to 42 nm, for example, in the range of 39 nm to 40 nm.

[0100] A second metal functional layer 58 is located over the second phase adjustment layer 50. The second metal functional layer 58 can be a single film that includes the infrared-reflective film 57. Alternatively, the second metal functional layer 58 can include a multi-film layer. In the illustrated example, the second metal functional layer 58 is a metal functional multi-film layer that includes the infrared-reflective film 57 and an absorbing film 59. The absorbing film 59 can be located over or under the infrared-reflective film 57. Preferably, the absorbing film 59 is located over the infrared-reflective film 57. Figure 2

[0101] The infrared-reflective film 57 includes any of the above-described infrared-reflective materials, for example, a continuous metal film, for example, a continuous silver film.

[0102] The infrared-reflective film 57 can have a geometric thickness in the range of 5 nm to 25 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in the range of 7 nm to 20 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in the range of 10 nm to 18 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in the range of 15 nm to 16 nm.

[0103] The absorbing film 59 can include any of the above-described absorbing materials. For example, the absorbing film 59 can include an alloy of nickel and chromium. For example, the absorbing film 59 can include Inconel 600, Inconel 617, Inconel 625, Inconel 690, and / or Inconel 718. For example, the absorbing film 59 can include Inconel 600. ® 600, Inconel ® 617, Inconel ® 625, Inconel ® 690, and / or Inconel ® 718. For example, the absorbing film 59 can include Inconel ® 600.

[0104] The absorbing film 59 can have an effective thickness in the range of 0 nm to 2 nm. For example, the effective thickness is in the range of 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm. For example, the effective thickness is in the range of 0.25 nm to 1 nm. For example, the effective thickness is in the range of 0.5 nm to 0.75 nm.

[0105] An optional second primer layer 60 can be located over the second metal functional layer 58. The second primer layer 60 can include any of the primer materials and can have any of the thicknesses described above with respect to the optional first primer layer 48. For example, the second primer 60 can include titanium.

[0106] ​The second primer layer 60 can have a geometric or effective thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, for example, a geometric or effective thickness in the range of 1 nm to 5 nm, for example, a geometric or effective thickness in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm, for example, a geometric or effective thickness in the range of 2 nm to 2.25 nm.

[0107] The third phase adjustment layer 62 is located over the second metal functional layer 58, for example, over the optional second primer layer 60 if present. The third phase adjustment layer 62 can include any of the phase adjustment materials and / or films discussed above with respect to the first and second phase adjustment layers 40, 50. For example, the third phase adjustment layer 62 can be a multi-film structure. For example, the third phase adjustment layer 62 can include a first film 64, a second film 66, and a third film 68.

[0108] The third phase adjustment layer 62 can have an optical thickness in the range of 90 nm to 200 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in the range of 120 nm to 180 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in the range of 150 nm to 170 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in the range of 158 nm to 159 nm.

[0109] The third phase adjustment layer 62 can have a geometric thickness in the range of 45 nm to 100 nm, for example, a geometric thickness in the range of 60 nm to 90 nm, for example, a geometric thickness in the range of 75 nm to 85 nm, for example, a geometric thickness in the range of 79 nm to 80 nm.

[0110] The first film 64 and / or the third film 68 can include a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide, for example, zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide, for example, tin-doped zinc oxide, for example, ZnO 90 / 10. The second film 66 can include an oxide of a metal alloy, for example, including zinc and tin, for example, zinc stannate.

[0111] The first film 64 (and / or the third film 68) can have an optical thickness in the range of 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, an optical thickness in the range of 16 nm to 38 nm, for example, an optical thickness in the range of 20 nm to 30 nm, for example, an optical thickness in the range of 28 nm to 29 nm. The thickness of the first film 64 and the third film 68 can be the same or different.

[0112] The first film 64 (and / or the third film 68) can have a geometric thickness in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, for example, a geometric thickness in the range of 8 nm to 18 nm, for example, a geometric thickness in the range of 10 nm to 15 nm, for example, a geometric thickness in the range of 13 nm to 14 nm.

[0113] The second film 66 can have an optical thickness in a range from 70 nm to 140 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 80 nm to 120 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 90 nm to 110 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 102 nm to 104 nm.

[0114] The second film 66 can have a geometric thickness in a range from 35 nm to 70 nm, for example, in a range from 40 nm to 80 nm, for example, in a range from 45 nm to 55 nm, for example, in a range from 51 nm to 52 nm.

[0115] The third metal functional layer 70 can be a single film or a multi-film structure. In Figure 2 In the illustrated example, the third metal functional layer 70 is a metal functional multi-film layer including an absorbing film 71 and an infrared-reflective film 73. The metal functional multi-film layer of the third metal functional layer 70 can have any of the film orientations described above for the second metal functional layer 58. The absorbing film 71 can be positioned above or below the infrared-reflective film 73. The absorbing film 71 can be positioned below the infrared-reflective film 73.

[0116] The absorbing film 71 can include any of the absorbing materials described above. For example, the absorbing film 71 can be a metal film. For example, the absorbing film 71 can include gold, silver, copper, nickel, iron, tin, aluminum, lead, zinc, chromium, and combinations thereof, for example, copper.

[0117] The physical or effective thickness of the absorbing film 71 can be in a range from 1 nm to 10 nm, for example, in a range from 2.5 nm to 4.5 nm, for example, in a range from 3 nm to 4 nm, for example, in a range from 3.5 nm to 3.75 nm,

[0118] The infrared-reflective film 73 can be a continuous metal film, for example, a continuous metal film, for example, a metal silver film.

[0119] The geometric thickness of the infrared-reflective film 73 can be in a range from 5 nm to 30 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 10 nm to 25 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 15 nm to 20 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 18 nm to 19 nm.

[0120] The optional third primer layer 72 can include any of the primer materials described above. For example, the third primer layer 72 can include titanium.

[0121] The geometric or effective thickness of the third primer layer 72 can be in a range from 0.5 nm to 10 nm, for example, in a range from 1 nm to 5 nm, for example, in a range from 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm, for example, in a range from 2 nm to 2.3 nm.

[0122] The fourth phase adjustment layer 86 can include one or more of the phase adjustment materials and / or films discussed above with respect to the first, second, or third phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62.

[0123] The fourth phase adjustment layer 86 can have an optical thickness in a range from 30 nm to 100 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 40 nm to 80 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 50 nm to 70 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 58 nm to 59 nm.

[0124] The fourth phase adjustment layer 86 can have a geometric thickness in a range from 15 nm to 50 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 20 nm to 40 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 25 nm to 35 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 29 nm to 30 nm.

[0125] The fourth phase adjustment layer 86 can include a first film 88 and a second film 90.

[0126] The first film 88 can include a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide, such as zinc oxide or a doped zinc oxide, such as tin-doped zinc oxide, such as ZnO 90 / 10. The second film 90 can include an oxide of a metal alloy, such as an oxide including zinc and tin, such as zinc stannate.

[0127] The first film 88 can have an optical thickness in a range from 4 nm to 40 nm, such as an optical thickness in a range from 10 nm to 30 nm, such as an optical thickness in a range from 14 nm to 22 nm, such as an optical thickness in a range from 18 nm to 19 nm.

[0128] The first film 88 can have a geometric thickness in a range from 2 nm to 20 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 5 nm to 15 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 7 nm to 11 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 9 nm to 10 nm.

[0129] The second film 90 can have an optical thickness in a range from 10 nm to 80 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 20 nm to 60 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 30 nm to 50 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in a range from 40 nm to 45 nm.

[0130] The second film 90 can have a geometric thickness in a range from 5 nm to 40 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 10 nm to 30 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 15 nm to 25 nm. For example, the geometric thickness is in a range from 20 nm to 22 nm.

[0131] The optional protective layer 92 can be a terminal layer of the solar control coating 30. The optional protective layer 92 can include one or more non-metallic materials, such as the non-metallic materials described above with respect to the phase adjustment layers. Alternatively, the protective layer 92 can include a metallic material. The optional protective layer 92 can provide chemical and / or mechanical protection for the underlying coating layers. The optional protective layer 92 can provide phase adjustment and / or absorption. The protective layer 92 can be a single film or have a multi-film structure.

[0132] As an additional or alternative option, the terminal optional protective layer 92, one or more other optional protective layers 92 can be located within the solar control coating 30, such as between two or more phase adjustment layers.

[0133] The optional protective layer 92 can include, for example, a metal oxide or metal nitride material. For example, the protective layer 92 can include an oxide of titanium, such as titanium dioxide (i.e., titania).

[0134] The optical thickness of the optional protective layer 92 can be in the range of 1 nm to 30 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in the range of 4 nm to 14 nm. For example, the optical thickness is in the range of 10 nm to 12 nm.

[0135] The geometric or effective thickness of the optional protective layer 92 can be in the range of 0.5 nm to 15 nm, such as in the range of 1 nm to 10 nm, such as in the range of 2 nm to 7 nm, such as in the range of 5 nm to 6 nm.

[0136] The solar control coating 30 can be a non-heat treated coating.

[0137] The layers and / or films of the solar control coating 30 can be formed by any conventional method. Examples of such methods include traditional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and / or physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. Examples of CVD processes include spray pyrolysis. Examples of PVD processes include electron beam evaporation and vacuum sputtering, such as magnetron sputter vacuum deposition (MSVD). Other coating methods can also be used, such as, but not limited to, sol-gel deposition. One or more layers or films can be formed by one method, while one or more other layers or films can be formed by a different method. For example, the coating 30 can be formed by MSVD.

[0138] Figure 3 A solar control coating 30 is shown incorporated into an insulating glass unit (IGU) 100 Figure 1 and Figure 2coated article 10. The first major surface 14 (surface 1) faces the exterior of the building, i.e., the exterior major surface, and the second major surface 16 (surface 2) faces the interior of the building. The insulating glass unit 100 includes a second layer 118 having an exterior facing major surface 120 (surface 3) and an interior facing major surface 122 (surface 4). This numbering of the layer surfaces conforms to conventional practice in the fenestration arts.

[0139] The second layer 118 is spaced apart from the first layer 12. The first layer 12 and the second layer 118 can be connected together in any suitable manner, e.g., by adhesive bonding, to a conventional spacer frame 124. A gap or chamber 126 is formed between the two layers 12, 118. The chamber 126 can be filled with a selected atmosphere, e.g., a gas, e.g., air or a non-reactive gas such as argon or krypton. In the illustrated example, the solar control coating 30 is located on surface 2 16. However, the solar control coating 30 can be located on any of the other surfaces. For example, the solar control coating 30 can be located on surface 3 120. For example, the solar control coating 30 can be located on surface 1 14 or surface 4 122.

[0140] The second layer 118 can be any of the materials described above for the first layer 12. The second layer 118 can be the same as the first layer 12, or the second layer 118 can be different from the first layer 12. Both the first and second layers 12, 118 can be, for example, clear float glass, or can be tinted or colored glass, or one layer 12, 118 can be clear glass and the other layer 12, 118 is colored glass.

[0141] Figure 4 A coated article 10 is shown incorporated into a laminated unit 130. The laminated unit 130 includes a first layer 12 and a second layer 118 connected by a polymeric interlayer 132. The solar control coating 30 is shown on surface 2 16. However, as with the IGU 100 described above, the solar control coating 30 can be located on any of the surfaces 14, 16, 120 or 122.

[0142] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU SHGC of no greater than 0.3, e.g., no greater than 0.29, e.g., no greater than 0.28, e.g., no greater than 0.27, e.g., no greater than 0.26, e.g., no greater than 0.25, e.g., no greater than 0.24.

[0143] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU SHGC in the range of 0.2 to 0.3, e.g., in the range of 0.2 to 0.29, such as 0.2 to 0.26, such as 0.2 to 0.24, such as 0.21 to 0.25, e.g., in the range of 0.22 to 0.235.

[0144] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU visible light transmittance of no greater than 70%, for example, no greater than 65%, for example, no greater than 60%, for example, no greater than 57%, for example, no greater than 55%, for example, in a range of 40% to 65%, for example, in a range of 50% to 55%, for example, in a range of 51% to 54.5%.

[0145] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU visible light external reflectance of no greater than 25%, for example, no greater than 20%, for example, no greater than 15%, for example, no greater than 14%, for example, in a range of 10% to 15%, for example, in a range of 12% to 13.5%.

[0146] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU visible light internal reflectance of no greater than 25%, for example, no greater than 22%, for example, no greater than 20%, for example, in a range of 16% to 22%, for example, in a range of 18% to 20%.

[0147] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU LSG ratio of at least 1.8, for example, at least 1.85, for example, at least 1.9, for example, at least 2, for example, in a range of 1.6 to 2.5, for example, in a range of 2.1 to 2.4, for example, in a range of 2.2 to 2.37.

[0148] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU transmittance L* in a range of 74 to 80, for example, in a range of 75 to 79, for example, in a range of 76.5 to 78.5.

[0149] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU transmittance a* in a range of ﹣6 to ﹣3, for example, in a range of ﹣5.5 to ﹣4, for example, in a range of ﹣5.2 to ﹣4.25.

[0150] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU transmittance b* in a range of 0 to 6, for example, in a range of 1 to 5, for example, in a range of 2.8 to 4.8.

[0151] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU external reflectance L* in a range of 30 to 50, for example, in a range of 35 to 49, for example, in a range of 41.9 to 43.2.

[0152] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU external reflectance a* in a range of ﹣4 to 0, for example, in a range of ﹣3 to ﹣1, for example, in a range of ﹣2.7 to ﹣1.8.

[0153] The solar control coating 30 provides an exterior 3 mm reference IGU reflectance b* in the range of -7 to 0, for example in the range of about -6 to -1, for example in the range of -5.6 to -4.1.

[0154] The solar control coating 30 provides an interior 3 mm reference IGU reflectance L* in the range of 35 to 55, for example in the range of 40 to 52, for example in the range of 48 to 52.

[0155] The solar control coating 30 provides an interior 3 mm reference IGU reflectance a* in the range of -8 to 0, for example in the range of -6.2 to -1, for example in the range of -5.9 to -4.5.

[0156] The solar control coating 30 provides an interior 3 mm reference IGU reflectance b* in the range of -5 to 0, for example in the range of -4 to -1, for example in the range of -3.5 to -2.

[0157] The solar control coating 30 provides a sheet resistance of less than 10 ohms per square (Q / m2), for example less than 5 Q / m2, for example less than 2 Q / m2, for example less than 1 Q / m2, for example in the range of greater than 0 to 1.5, for example in the range of greater than 0 to 1. 2 2 2 2

[0158] The solar control coating 30 can have an emissivity in the range of 0.02 to 0.04, for example in the range of 0.023 to 0.037.

[0159] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU winter / night U-factor in the range of 0.9 to 3 Watts per square meter Kelvin (W / m2-K), for example in the range of 1 to 2.5 W / m2-K, for example in the range of 1.5 to 1.7 W / m2-K, for example in the range of 1.6 to 1.67 W / m2-K, for example in the range of 1.65 to 1.66 W / m2-K. 2 2 2 2

[0160] The solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU summer / day U-factor in the range of 1.4 to 1.6 W / m2-K, for example in the range of 1.52 to 1.57 W / m2-K, for example in the range of 1.53 to 1.56 W / m2-K. 2 2

[0161] The solar control coating 30 provides a reference laminated unit transmittance L* in the range of 65 to 85, for example in the range of 72 to 80, for example in the range of 75 to 77.​​​​​​​​​​

[0162] The reference laminate unit transmission a* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of 2 to -6, for example in the range of 1 to -4, for example in the range of -0.5 to -2.5.

[0163] The reference laminate unit transmission b* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of 2 to 8, for example in the range of 3 to 7.5, for example in the range of 4.5 to 6.5.

[0164] The reference laminate unit reflectance (external) L* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of 40 to 55, for example in the range of 44 to 50, for example in the range of 45.5 to 47.5.

[0165] The reference laminate unit reflectance (external) a* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of -6 to -16, for example in the range of -8 to -15, for example in the range of -10 to -12.

[0166] The reference laminate unit reflectance (external) b* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of 0 to -8, for example in the range of -2 to -6, for example in the range of -3 to -5.

[0167] The reference laminate unit reflectance (internal) L* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of 45 to 65, for example in the range of 50 to 60, for example in the range of 54.5 to 56.5.

[0168] The reference laminate unit reflectance (internal) a* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of -6 to -16, for example in the range of -8 to -14, for example in the range of -10 to -12.

[0169] The reference laminate unit reflectance (internal) b* provided by the solar control coating 30 is in the range of -3.5 to -10, for example in the range of -4.5 to -8.5, for example in the range of -5.5 to -7.5.

[0170] Examples

[0171] Table 1 shows exemplary coatings of the present application. The thicknesses reported are geometric thicknesses in nanometers (nm). ZS refers to zinc stannate deposited from a cathode containing 52 wt.% zinc and 48 wt.% tin in the presence of oxygen. TZO refers to tin-doped zinc oxide (i.e. ZnO 90 / 10) deposited from a cathode containing 10 wt.% tin and 90 wt.% zinc in the presence of oxygen. Ag refers to silver. TiOx refers to a titanium primer layer deposited as a metal and oxidized during processing. INC refers to lnconel® 600. Cu refers to metallic copper. TiO2 refers to titanium oxide, such as titanium dioxide (titanium oxide).

[0172] Table 1

[0173] Tables 2 and 3 show the 3mm baseline IGU values ​​for the samples in Table 1. T(V) represents the percentage of visible light transmittance. RE(V) represents the percentage of external reflection of visible radiation, and RI(V) represents the percentage of internal reflection of visible radiation. T(S) refers to the percentage of solar radiation transmittance. RE(S) refers to the percentage of external reflection of solar radiation. RI(S) represents the percentage of internal reflection of solar radiation. UV(T) refers to the percentage of ultraviolet radiation transmittance. UF(W) represents the winter / night U factor (W / m²). 2 -K). UF(S) represents the summer / day U factor (W / m 2 -K), SC represents the shading coefficient. L*(T), a*(T) and b*(T) represent the transmitted L*, a*, and b*. L*(RE), a*(RE) and b*(RE) represent the reflected external L*, a*, and b*.

[0174] Table 2

[0175] Table 3

[0176] The values ​​in Tables 2 and 3 were calculated using OPTICS v6.0 and WINDOW V7.3.4.0 software (Glass Center) with NFRC standard default settings. The color parameters L*, a*, and b* are values ​​for a luminescent object at D65 and a 10° observer.

[0177] The present invention may be further described in the following numbered clauses:

[0178] Clause 1: A sunlight control coating 30, comprising: a plurality of phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86; and a plurality of metallic functional layers 46, 58, 70, wherein at least one metallic functional layer 46, 58, 70 comprises a metallic functional multilayer, the metallic functional multilayer comprising (i) at least one infrared reflective film and (ii) at least one absorbent film.

[0179] Clause 2: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 1, comprising a first metal functional layer 46 comprising an infrared-reflective film; a second metal functional layer 58 comprising an infrared-reflective film 57; and a third metal functional layer 70 comprising a metal functional multi-film layer comprising (i) at least one infrared-reflective film 73 and (ii) at least one absorbing film 71 comprising copper.

[0180] Clause 3: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 2, wherein the first metal functional layer 46 comprises a continuous metal film, preferably silver.

[0181] Clause 4: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 2 or 3, wherein the infrared-reflective film 57 of the second metal functional layer 58 comprises a continuous metal film, preferably silver.

[0182] Clause 5: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 2 to 4, wherein the second metal functional layer 58 comprises a metal functional multi-film layer comprising (i) the infrared-reflective film 57 and (ii) at least one absorbing film 59, the absorbing film 59 preferably comprising an alloy of nickel and chromium.

[0183] Clause 6: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 5, wherein the absorbing film 59 of the second metal functional layer 58 is positioned over the infrared-reflective film 57 of the second metal functional layer 58.

[0184] Clause 7: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 2 to 6, wherein the at least one infrared-reflective film 73 of the third metal functional layer 70 comprises a continuous metal film, preferably silver.

[0185] Clause 8: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 2 to 7, wherein the at least one infrared-reflective film 73 of the third metal functional layer 70 is positioned over the at least one absorbing film 71 of the third metal functional layer 70.

[0186] Clause 9: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 2 to 8, comprising: a first phase adjustment layer 40 having an optical thickness in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm, wherein the first metal functional layer 46 is positioned over the first phase adjustment layer 40; a second phase adjustment layer 50 having an optical thickness in the range of 80 nm to 200 nm, wherein the second metal functional layer 58 is positioned over the second phase adjustment layer 50; a third phase adjustment layer 62 having an optical thickness in the range of 90 nm to 200 nm, wherein the third metal functional layer 70 is positioned over the third phase adjustment layer 62; a fourth phase adjustment layer 86 having an optical thickness in the range of 30 nm to 100 nm positioned over the third metal functional layer 70; and a protective layer 92 having an optical thickness in the range of 1 nm to 30 nm positioned over the fourth phase adjustment layer 86.

[0187] Clause 10: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 1, comprising a first phase adjustment layer 40 having an optical thickness in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm, preferably an optical thickness in the range of 50 nm to 90 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in the range of 70 nm to 80 nm; a first metal functional layer 46 over the first phase adjustment layer 40, wherein the first metal functional layer 46 comprises a continuous metal film, preferably silver; a first primer layer 48 over the first metal functional layer 48; a second phase adjustment layer 50 over the optional first primer layer 48, wherein the second phase adjustment layer 50 has an optical thickness in the range of 80 nm to 200 nm, preferably an optical thickness in the range of 100 nm to 160 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in the range of 130 nm to 140 nm; a second metal functional layer 58 over the second phase adjustment layer 50, wherein the second metal functional layer 58 comprises a metal functional multi-film layer comprising (i) an infrared reflective film 57 and (ii) at least one absorbing film 59, the absorbing film 59 preferably comprising an alloy of nickel and chromium; a second primer layer 60 over the second metal functional layer 58; a third phase adjustment layer 62 over the optional second primer layer 60, wherein the third phase adjustment layer 62 has an optical thickness in the range of 90 nm to 200 nm, preferably an optical thickness in the range of 120 nm to 180 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in the range of 150 nm to 170 nm; a third metal functional layer 70 over the third phase adjustment layer 62, wherein the third metal functional layer 70 comprises a metal functional multi-film layer comprising (i) at least one infrared reflective film 73 and (ii) at least one absorbing film 71 comprising copper; a third primer layer 72 over the third metal functional layer 70; a fourth phase adjustment layer 86 over the optional third primer layer 72, wherein the fourth phase adjustment layer 86 has an optical thickness in the range of 30 nm to 100 nm, preferably an optical thickness in the range of 40 nm to 80 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in the range of 50 nm to 70 nm; and a protective layer 92 over the fourth phase adjustment layer 86, wherein the protective layer 92 has an optical thickness in the range of 1 nm to 30 nm, preferably an optical thickness in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in the range of 4 nm to 14 nm.

[0188] Clause 11 : The solar control coating 30 of clause 1, comprising a first phase adjustment layer 40; a first metal functional layer 46 over the first phase adjustment layer 40; optionally, a first primer layer 48 over the first metal functional layer 46; a second phase adjustment layer 50 over the optional first primer layer 48; a second metal functional layer 58 over the second phase adjustment layer 50; optionally, a second primer layer 60 over the second metal functional layer 58; a third phase adjustment layer 62 over the optional second primer layer 60; a third metal functional layer 70 over the third phase adjustment layer 62; optionally, a third primer layer 72 over the third metal functional layer 70; a fourth phase adjustment layer 86 over the optional third primer layer 72; and optionally, a protective layer 92 over the fourth phase adjustment layer 86, wherein at least one of the metal functional layers 46, 58, 70 comprises a metal functional multi-film layer comprising (i) at least one infrared-reflective film and (ii) at least one absorbing film.

[0189] Clause 12: The solar control coating 30 according to clause 11, wherein the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 comprise a dielectric or a semiconductor material.

[0190] Clause 13: The solar control coating 30 of clause 11 or 12, wherein the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 comprise an oxide, a nitride, an oxynitride, a boride, a carbide, an oxycarbide, a borocarbide, a boronitride, a carbonitride, and / or mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof.

[0191] Clause 14: The solar control coating 30 of any one of clauses 11 to 13, wherein the phase adjustment layers 40, 50, 62, 86 comprise an oxide, a nitride, or an oxynitride of titanium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, zinc, bismuth, lead, indium, tin, silicon, aluminum, boron, and mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof.

[0192] Clause 15: The solar control coating 30 of any one of clauses 11 to 14, wherein the first phase adjustment layer 40 comprises an oxide of zinc and / or tin.

[0193] Clause 16: The solar control coating 30 of any one of clauses 11 to 15, wherein the first phase adjustment layer 40 has an optical thickness in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm, preferably an optical thickness in the range of 50 nm to 90 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in the range of 70 nm to 80 nm.

[0194] Clause 17: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 16, wherein the first phase adjustment layer 40 has a geometric thickness in a range of 20 nm to 50 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 25 nm to 45 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 35 nm to 40 nm.

[0195] Clause 18: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 17, wherein the first phase adjustment layer 40 comprises a first film 42 and a second film 44.

[0196] Clause 19: The solar control coating 30 of clause 18, wherein the first film 42 comprises an oxide of a metal alloy, preferably zinc stannate.

[0197] Clause 20: The solar control coating 30 of clause 18 or 19, wherein the second film 44 comprises a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide, preferably a doped zinc oxide, more preferably a doped zinc oxide with tin.

[0198] Clause 21 : The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 18 to 20, wherein the first film 42 has an optical thickness in a range of 30 nm to 70 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range of 40 nm to 60 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range of 44 nm to 54 nm.

[0199] Clause 22: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 18 to 21, wherein the first film 42 has a geometric thickness in a range of 15 nm to 35 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 20 nm to 30 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 22 nm to 27 nm.

[0200] Clause 23: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 18 to 22, wherein the second film 44 has an optical thickness in a range of 10 nm to 40 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range of 16 nm to 38 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range of 20 nm to 30 nm.

[0201] Clause 24: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 18 to 23, wherein the second film 44 has a geometric thickness in a range of 5 nm to 20 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 8 nm to 18 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 10 nm to 15 nm.

[0202] Clause 25: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 24, wherein the at least one infrared-reflective layer 57, 73 comprises a continuous metal film.

[0203] Clause 26: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 25, wherein the at least one infrared-reflective film 57, 73 comprises at least one of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, mercury, rhenium, aluminum, and mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof, preferably silver.

[0204] Clause 27: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 26, wherein the at least one absorbing film 59, 71 comprises at least one of gold, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, tantalum, iron, tin, aluminum, lead, zinc, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, manganese, titanium, silicon, chromium, and mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof.

[0205] Clause 28: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 27, wherein the first metal functional layer 46 comprises a single film having a geometric thickness in a range of 5 nm to 25 nm, preferably in a range of 7 nm to 20 nm, more preferably in a range of 10 nm to 15 nm.

[0206] Clause 29: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 28, wherein the optional primer layer 48, 60, 72 comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, tungsten, nickel, chromium, iron, tantalum, zirconium, aluminum, silicon, indium, tin, zinc, molybdenum, hafnium, bismuth, vanadium, manganese, and mixtures, combinations, hybrids, or alloys thereof, preferably titanium.

[0207] Clause 30: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 29, wherein the optional first primer layer 48 has a geometric thickness or an effective thickness in a range of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably in a range of 1 nm to 5 nm, more preferably in a range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.

[0208] Clause 31 : The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 30, wherein the second phase adjustment layer 50 has an optical thickness in a range of 80 nm to 200 nm, preferably in a range of 100 nm to 160 nm, more preferably in a range of 130 nm to 140 nm.

[0209] Clause 32: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 31, wherein the second phase adjustment layer 50 has a geometric thickness in a range of 40 nm to 100 nm, preferably in a range of 50 nm to 80 nm, more preferably in a range of 65 nm to 70 nm.

[0210] Clause 33: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 32, wherein the second phase adjustment layer 50 comprises a first film 52, a second film 54, and a third film 56.

[0211] Clause 34: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 33, wherein the first film 52 and / or the third film 56 comprises a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide, preferably zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide, more preferably doped tin zinc oxide.

[0212] Clause 35: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 33 or 34, wherein the second film 54 comprises an oxide of a metal alloy, preferably zinc stannate.

[0213] Clause 36: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 33 to 35, wherein the first film 52 and / or the third film 56 has an optical thickness in the range of 10 nm to 40 nm, preferably in the range of 16 nm to 38 nm, more preferably in the range of 20 nm to 35 nm.

[0214] Clause 37: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 33 to 36, wherein the first film 52 and / or the third film 56 has a geometric thickness in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, preferably in the range of 8 nm to 18 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 nm to 16 nm.

[0215] Clause 38: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 33 to 37, wherein the second film 54 has an optical thickness in the range of 50 nm to 100 nm, preferably in the range of 70 nm to 90 nm, more preferably in the range of 76 nm to 80 nm.

[0216] Clause 39: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 33 to 38, wherein the second film 54 has a geometric thickness in the range of 25 nm to 50 nm, preferably in the range of 35 nm to 45 nm, more preferably in the range of 38 nm to 42 nm.

[0217] Clause 40: The solar control coating 30 of any of Clauses 11 to 39, wherein the second metal functional layer 58 comprises a metal functional multi-film layer comprising an infrared reflective film 57 (preferably silver) and an absorbing film 59.

[0218] Clause 41: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 40, wherein the infrared reflective film 57 has a geometric thickness in the range of 5 nm to 25 nm, preferably in the range of 7 nm to 20 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 nm to 18 nm.

[0219] Clause 42: The solar control coating 30 of Clause 40 or 41, wherein the absorbing film 59 comprises an alloy comprising nickel, chromium, or both nickel and chromium.

[0220] Clause 43: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 40-42, wherein the absorbing film 59 has a geometric thickness in a range of 0 nm to 2 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 0.25 nm to 1 nm.

[0221] Clause 44: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11-43, wherein the optional second primer layer 60 has a geometric thickness or an effective thickness in a range of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 1 nm to 5 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.

[0222] Clause 45: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11-44, wherein the third phase adjustment layer 62 has an optical thickness in a range of 90 nm to 200 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range of 120 nm to 180 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range of 150 nm to 170 nm.

[0223] Clause 46: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11-45, wherein the third phase adjustment layer 62 has a geometric thickness in a range of 45 nm to 100 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 60 nm to 90 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 75 nm to 85 nm.

[0224] Clause 47: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11-46, wherein the third phase adjustment layer 62 comprises a first film 84, a second film 86, and a third film 88.

[0225] Clause 48: The solar control coating 30 of clause 47, wherein the first film 64 and / or the third film 68 comprises a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide, preferably zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide, more preferably doped tin zinc oxide.

[0226] Clause 49: The solar control coating 30 of clause 47 or 48, wherein the second film 66 comprises an oxide of a metal alloy, preferably zinc stannate.

[0227] Clause 50: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 47-49, wherein the first film 64 and / or the third film 68 has an optical thickness in a range of 10 nm to 40 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range of 16 nm to 38 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range of 20 nm to 30 nm.

[0228] Clause 51 : The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 47-50, wherein the first film 64 and / or the third film 68 has a geometric thickness in a range of 5-20 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 8-18 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 10-15 nm.

[0229] Clause 50: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 47-49, wherein the second film 66 has an optical thickness in a range of 70-140 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range of 80-120 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range of 90-110 nm.

[0230] Clause 51 : The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 47-50, wherein the second film 66 has a geometric thickness in a range of 35-70 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 40-60 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 45-55 nm.

[0231] Clause 52: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11-51, wherein the third metal functional layer 70 includes an absorbing film 71 and an infrared-reflective film 73.

[0232] Clause 53: The solar control coating 30 of clause 52, wherein the infrared- reflective film 73 includes a metallic silver film.

[0233] Clause 54: The solar control coating 30 of clause 52 or 53, wherein the infrared-reflective film 73 has a geometric thickness in a range of 5-30 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 10-25 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range of 15-20 nm.

[0234] Clause 55: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 52-54, wherein the absorbing film 71 includes a metallic material, preferably copper.

[0235] Clause 56: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 52-55, wherein the absorbing film 71 has a physical or effective thickness in a range of 1-10 nm, preferably in a range of 2.5-4.5 nm, more preferably in a range of 3-4 nm.

[0236] Clause 57: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11-56, wherein the optional third primer layer 72 has a physical or effective thickness in a range of 0.5-10 nm, preferably in a range of 1-5 nm, more preferably in a range of 1.5-2.5 nm.

[0237] Clause 58: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 57, wherein the fourth phase adjustment layer 86 has an optical thickness in a range from 30 nm to 100 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range from 40 nm to 80 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range from 50 nm to 70 nm.

[0238] Clause 59: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 58, wherein the fourth phase adjustment layer 86 has a geometric thickness in a range from 15 nm to 50 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 20 nm to 40 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 25 nm to 35 nm.

[0239] Clause 60: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 59, wherein the fourth phase adjustment layer 86 comprises a first film 88 and a second film 90.

[0240] Clause 61 : The solar control coating 30 of clause 60, wherein the first film 88 comprises a metal oxide or a doped metal oxide, preferably zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide, more preferably doped zinc oxide with tin.

[0241] Clause 62: The solar control coating 30 of clause 60 or 61, wherein the second film 90 comprises an oxide of a metal alloy, preferably zinc stannate.

[0242] Clause 63: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 60 to 62, wherein the first film 88 has an optical thickness in a range from 4 nm to 40 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range from 10 nm to 30 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range from 14 nm to 22 nm.

[0243] Clause 64: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 60 to 63, wherein the first film 88 has a geometric thickness in a range from 2 nm to 20 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 5 nm to 15 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 7 nm to 11 nm.

[0244] Clause 65: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 60 to 64, wherein the second film 90 has an optical thickness in a range from 10 nm to 80 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range from 20 nm to 60 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range from 30 nm to 50 nm.

[0245] Clause 66: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 60 to 65, wherein the second film 90 has a geometric thickness in a range from 5 nm to 40 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 10 nm to 30 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 15 nm to 25 nm.

[0246] Clause 67: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 66, wherein the optional protective layer 92 comprises an oxide of titanium, such as titanium dioxide.

[0247] Clause 68: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 67, wherein the protective layer 92 has an optical thickness in a range from 1 nm to 30 nm, preferably an optical thickness in a range from 2 nm to 20 nm, more preferably an optical thickness in a range from 4 nm to 14 nm.

[0248] Clause 69: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 11 to 68, wherein the protective layer 92 has a geometric thickness in a range from 0.5 nm to 15 nm, preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 1 nm to 10 nm, more preferably a geometric thickness in a range from 2 nm to 7 nm.

[0249] Clause 70: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 69, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU SHGC of no more than 0.3, preferably no more than 0.27, more preferably no more than 0.25.

[0250] Clause 71 : The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 70, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU SHGC in a range from 0.21 to 0.25, preferably in a range from 0.22 to 0.235.

[0251] Clause 72: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 71, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU visible light transmittance in a range from 40% to 65%, preferably in a range from 50% to 55%, more preferably in a range from 51% to 54.5%.

[0252] Clause 73: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 72, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU visible light external reflectance in a range from 10% to 15%, preferably in a range from 12% to 13.5%.

[0253] Clause 74: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 73, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU visible light internal reflectance in a range from 16% to 22%, preferably in a range from 18% to 20%.

[0254] Clause 75: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 74, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU LSG ratio in the range of 1.6 to 2.5, preferably in the range of 2.1 to 2.4, more preferably in the range of 2.2 to 2.37,

[0255] Clause 76: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 75, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU transmittance L* in the range of 74 to 80, preferably in the range of 75 to 79, more preferably in the range of 76.5 to 78.5.

[0256] Clause 77: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 76, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU transmittance a* in the range of -6 to 3, preferably in the range of -5.5 to -4, more preferably in the range of -5.2 to -4.25.

[0257] Clause 78: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 77, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU transmittance b* in the range of 0 to 6, preferably in the range of 1 to 5, more preferably in the range of 2.8 to 4.8.

[0258] Clause 79: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 78, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU exterior reflectance L* in the range of 30 to 50, preferably in the range of 35 to 49, more preferably in the range of 41.9 to 43.2.

[0259] Clause 80: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 79, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU exterior reflectance a* in the range of -4 to 0, preferably in the range of -3 to -1, more preferably in the range of -2.7 to -1.8.

[0260] Clause 81: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 80, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU exterior reflectance b* in the range of -7 to 0, preferably in the range of -6 to -1, more preferably in the range of -5.6 to -4.1.

[0261] Clause 82: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 81, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU interior reflectance L* in the range of 35 to 55, preferably in the range of 40 to 52, more preferably in the range of 48 to 52.

[0262] Clause 83: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 82, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU interior reflection a* in a range of -8 to 0, preferably in a range of -6.2 to -1, more preferably in a range of -5.9 to -4.5.

[0263] Clause 84: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 83, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU interior reflection b* in a range of -5 to 0, preferably in a range of -4 to -1, more preferably in a range of -3.5 to -2.

[0264] Clause 85: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 84, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a sheet resistance of less than 10 ohms per square (Q / D), preferably less than 2 Q / D, more preferably less than 1 Q / D.

[0265] Clause 86: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 85, wherein the solar control coating 30 has an emissivity in a range of 0.02 to 0.04, preferably in a range of 0.023 to 0.037.

[0266] Clause 87: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 86, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU winter U-factor in a range of 0.9 to 3 Watts per square meter Kelvin (W / m 2 -K), preferably in a range of 1 to 2.5 W / m 2 -K, more preferably in a range of 1.5 to 1.7 W / m 2 -K.

[0267] Clause 88: The solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 87, wherein the solar control coating 30 provides a 3 mm reference IGU summer U-factor in a range of 1.4 to 1.6 W / m 2 -K, preferably in a range of 1.52 to 1.57 W / m 2 -K.

[0268] Clause 89: An insulating glass unit (IGU) 100 comprising the solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 88.

[0269] Clause 90: A laminated unit 130 comprising the solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 88.

[0270] Clause 91 : A coated article 10 comprising a substrate and the solar control coating 30 of any of clauses 1 to 88.

[0271] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that modifications can be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the concepts disclosed in the foregoing description. Accordingly, the particular embodiments described in detail herein are not intended to limit the scope of the application as described by the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A sunlight-controlling coating, comprising: First phase adjustment layer; The first metallic functional layer is located above the first phase adjustment layer; The first primer layer is located above the first metallic functional layer; The second phase adjustment layer is located above the first metallic functional layer and the first primer layer; The second metallic functional layer is located above the second phase adjustment layer; The second primer layer is located above the second metallic functional layer; The third phase adjustment layer is located above the second metallic functional layer and the second primer layer; The third metallic functional layer is located above the third phase adjustment layer; The third primer layer is located above the third metallic functional layer; as well as The fourth phase adjustment layer is located above the third metallic functional layer and the third primer layer. The second metallic functional layer comprises an infrared-reflective continuous metallic film and at least one absorption film, wherein the at least one absorption film comprises an alloy of nickel and chromium. The third metal functional layer includes at least one copper absorption film located above the third phase adjustment layer, and at least one silver infrared reflective film located above the at least one absorption film. The solar control coating provides 3mm reference IGU transmission L* in the range of 74 to 80, 3mm reference IGU transmission a* in the range of -6 to -3, and 3mm reference IGU transmission b* in the range of 0 to 6.

2. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein: The first phase adjustment layer includes a first film having zinc stannate and a second film having zinc oxide located above the first film; The second phase adjustment layer includes a first film having zinc oxide, a second film having zinc stannate located above the first film, and a third film having zinc oxide located above the second film; The third phase adjustment layer includes a first film having zinc oxide, a second film having zinc stannate located above the first film, and a third film having zinc oxide located above the second film; and The fourth phase adjustment layer includes a first film having zinc oxide and a second film having zinc stannate located above the first film.

3. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The infrared-reflective continuous metal film of the second metal functional layer comprises silver, and at least one absorbing film comprising an alloy of nickel and chromium is located above the infrared-reflective continuous metal film.

4. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The first metal functional layer includes an infrared reflective film.

5. The sunlight control coating according to claim 4, wherein, The infrared reflective film of the first metal functional layer includes silver.

6. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The infrared-reflective continuous metal film of the second metal functional layer comprises silver.

7. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one infrared reflective film of the third metal functional layer comprises silver.

8. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The first phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm; The second phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness in the range of 80 nm to 200 nm; The third phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness in the range of 90nm to 200nm; The fourth phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness ranging from 30 nm to 100 nm; and The sunlight control coating also includes a protective layer having an optical thickness in the range of 1 nm to 30 nm and located above the fourth phase adjustment layer.

9. The sunlight control coating according to claim 7, wherein, The first metal functional layer includes silver.

10. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The solar control coating provides a solar thermal gain coefficient of no more than 0.3 for a 3mm reference heat-insulating glass unit.

11. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The solar control coating provides a light-to-heat ratio greater than 1.85 for a 3mm reference insulated glass unit.

12. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one absorber film comprising copper has an effective thickness of 2.5 nm to 4.5 nm.

13. The sunlight control coating according to claim 1, wherein, The solar control coating is a solar coating that has not undergone heat treatment.

14. A coated article, comprising: Base; and A solar control coating located above at least a portion of a substrate, wherein the solar control coating comprises: First phase adjustment layer; The first metallic functional layer is located above the first phase adjustment layer; The first primer layer is located above the first metallic functional layer; The second phase adjustment layer is located above the first metallic functional layer and the first primer layer; The second metallic functional layer is located above the second phase adjustment layer; The second primer layer is located above the second metallic functional layer; The third phase adjustment layer is located above the second metallic functional layer and the second primer layer; The third metallic functional layer is located above the third phase adjustment layer; The third primer layer is located above the third metallic functional layer; and The fourth phase adjustment layer is located above the third metallic functional layer and the third primer layer. The second metallic functional layer comprises an infrared-reflective continuous metallic film and at least one absorption film, wherein the at least one absorption film comprises an alloy of nickel and chromium. The third metal functional layer includes at least one copper absorption film located above the third phase adjustment layer, and at least one silver infrared reflective film located above the at least one absorption film. The solar control coating provides external reflection of 3mm reference IGU in the range of 30 to 50, external reflection of 3mm reference IGU in the range of -4 to 0, and external reflection of 3mm reference IGU in the range of -7 to 0.

15. The coated article according to claim 14, wherein, The first metal functional layer includes an infrared reflective film.

16. The coated article according to claim 15, wherein, The infrared reflective film of the first metal functional layer includes silver.

17. The coated article according to claim 14, wherein, The first phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm; The second phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness in the range of 80 nm to 200 nm; The third phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness in the range of 90nm to 200nm; The fourth phase adjustment layer has an optical thickness ranging from 30 nm to 100 nm and is located above the third metallic functional layer; and The sunlight control coating also includes a protective layer having an optical thickness in the range of 1 nm to 30 nm and located above the fourth phase adjustment layer.

18. The coated article according to claim 17, wherein, The first metal functional layer includes silver.

19. The coated article according to claim 14, wherein, The at least one infrared reflective film of the third metal functional layer comprises silver.

20. The coated article according to claim 14, wherein, The infrared-reflective continuous metal film of the second metal functional layer comprises silver, and at least one absorbing film comprising an alloy of nickel and chromium is located above the infrared-reflective continuous metal film.

Images