Energy-based splitting and combining for probabilistic amplitude shaping-based communications

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a transmitter device may receive a plurality of information bits associated with an integer set. The transmitter device may perform a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold. The transmitter device may perform a second encoding operation on a second integer to generate a prefix subsequence. The transmitter device may perform a third encoding operation on a third integer to generate a suffix subsequence. The transmitter device may generate a sequence of symbols based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the suffix subsequence. The transmitter device may transmit the sequence of symbols for conveying the plurality of information bits. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for energy-based splitting and combining for communications based on probabilistic amplitude shaping. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems can employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP).

[0003] A wireless network can include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices such as a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE can communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to communications from network nodes to UEs, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to communications from UEs to network nodes. Some wireless networks can support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among others).

[0004] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and / or global level. New radio (NR), which can be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, CP-OFDM and / or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, and support beamforming, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful. SUMMARY

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter device. The method can include receiving a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers. The method can include performing a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the first encoding operation including determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer, generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer, and determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy. The method can include performing a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence. The method can include performing a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence. The method can include generating a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence. The method can include transmitting the symbol sequence to convey the plurality of information bits.

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a receiver device. The method can include receiving a symbol sequence conveying a plurality of information bits. The method can include determining a prefix subsequence and a postfix subsequence based at least in part on the symbol sequence. The method can include performing a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer. The method can include performing a second decoding operation on the postfix subsequence to determine a second integer. The method can include performing a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the third decoding operation including determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer, and determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold. The method can include recovering the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a transmitter device for wireless communication. The transmitter device can include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors can be configured to receive a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers. The one or more processors can be configured to perform a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the first encoding operation including: the one or more processors being configured to determine a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer; generate a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer; and determine a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy. The one or more processors can be configured to perform a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence. The one or more processors can be configured to perform a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence. The one or more processors can be configured to generate a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence. The one or more processors can be configured to transmit the symbol sequence for conveying the plurality of information bits.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a receiver device for wireless communication. The receiver device can include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors can be configured to receive a symbol sequence conveying a plurality of information bits. The one or more processors can be configured to determine a prefix subsequence and a postfix subsequence based at least in part on the symbol sequence. The one or more processors can be configured to perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer. The one or more processors can be configured to perform a second decoding operation on the postfix subsequence to determine a second integer. The one or more processors can be configured to perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the third decoding operation including: the one or more processors being configured to determine a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer; and determine the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold. The one or more processors can be configured to recover the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer- readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a transmitter device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitter device, can cause the transmitter device to receive a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the transmitter device, can cause the transmitter device to perform a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the first encoding operation including causing the transmitter device to determine a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer, generate a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer, and determine a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the transmitter device, can cause the transmitter device to perform a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the transmitter device, can cause the transmitter device to perform a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the transmitter device, can cause the transmitter device to generate a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the transmitter device, can cause the transmitter device to transmit the symbol sequence for conveying the plurality of information bits.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer- readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a receiver device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiver device, can cause the receiver device to receive a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the receiver device, can cause the receiver device to determine, based at least in part on the sequence of symbols, a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the receiver device, can cause the receiver device to perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the receiver device, can cause the receiver device to perform a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the receiver device, can cause the receiver device to perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the third decoding operation comprising: causing the receiver device to determine a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer; and determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the receiver device, can cause the receiver device to recover the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers comprising the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus can include means for receiving a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers. The apparatus can include means for performing a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the means for performing the first encoding operation comprising: means for determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer; means for generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer; and means for determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy. The apparatus can include means for performing a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence. The apparatus can include means for performing a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a suffix subsequence. The apparatus can include means for generating a sequence of symbols based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the suffix subsequence. The apparatus can include means for transmitting the sequence of symbols for conveying the plurality of information bits.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus can include means for receiving a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits. The apparatus can include means for determining a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence based at least in part on the sequence of symbols. The apparatus can include means for performing a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer. The apparatus can include means for performing a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer. The apparatus can include means for performing a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the means for performing the third decoding operation including means for determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer, and means for determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold. The apparatus can include means for recovering the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

[0013] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices, and / or processing systems, as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and specification.

[0014] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows can be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as bases upon which the other structures can be designed and constructed for performing the same purposes of the disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and their method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the claims.

[0015] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features can include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals can include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] For a more thorough understanding of the above-described features of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node communicating with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmit (Tx) chain and a receive (Rx) chain of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example transmit chain for probabilistic amplitude shaping, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6is a diagram illustrating an example transmit chain for probability amplitude shaping according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example transmit chain for energy-based probability amplitude shaping according to the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8A and Figure 8B is a diagram of an example associated with energy-based splitting and combining for probability amplitude shaping based communications according to the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a transmitter device according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a receiver device according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication according to the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] A transmitter device can perform energy-based shaping to encode a sequence of information bits into a sequence of symbols. Two example techniques for encoding include a direct energy-based arithmetic coding (AC) method and a two-stage peeling method. However, these encoding methods are implemented as serial processes. For example, a bottom-up direct energy-based AC method is a serial implementation approach that can result in excessive latency for latency sensitive communications. Some aspects described herein provide for low latency energy-based probability amplitude shaping. For example, some aspects described herein enable a division of the encoding problem into a set of sub-encoding problems for parallel processing, which reduces latency associated with generating a signal for transmission. Similarly, some aspects described herein can be applied to implement parallel decoding techniques, thereby reducing latency associated with decoding a transmission.

[0030] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to encompass any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of, or combined with, any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus can be implemented or a method can be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to encompass other apparatuses or methods that are developed using the aspects disclosed herein and essentially the same or similar principles. It will be appreciated that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein can be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0031] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms, among other examples (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0032] While aspects can be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and / or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0033] Figure 1is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 can be or include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution, LTE) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 can include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. A network node 110 is a node of the network with which a UE 120 communicates. As illustrated, a network node 110 can include one or more network nodes. For example, a network node 110 can be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, a network node 110 can be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more nodes, such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs).

[0034] In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a RU) that communicates with a UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a DU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a front-haul link or a mid-haul link. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a CU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a mid-haul link or with a core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, a network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) can include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. A network node 110 can include, for example, a NR base station, a LTE base station, a NodeB, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmission reception point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 can be interconnected to one another or to one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 through various types of front-haul interfaces, mid-haul interfaces, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

[0035] In some examples, a network node 110 can provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 and / or a subsystem of a network node 110 that serves the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 can be a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or a cell of another type. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and can allow restricted access by UEs 120 that are associated with an access control list. A network node 110 for a macro cell can be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell can be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell can be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. In Figure 1 In the illustrated example, network node 110a can be a macro network node for a macro cell 102a, network node 110b can be a pico network node for a pico cell 102b, and network node 110c can be a femto network node for a femto cell 102c. A network node can support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, cells can not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cells can move according to the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0036] In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” can refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a “base station” or “network node” can refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near-real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” can refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with network node 110. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” can refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which can be located in the same geographic location or different geographic locations) can be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeat at least a portion of the function, and the term “base station” or “network node” can refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” can refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions can be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term “base station” or “network node” can refer to one of a base station function and not another base station function. In this way, a single device can include more than one base station.

[0037] Wireless network 100 can include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station can be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. In Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG. 1, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays

[0038] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 can have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes can have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes can have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0039] A network controller 130 can couple to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110 and can provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 can communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a metro communication link. The network nodes 110 can also communicate with one another directly via wireless backhaul communication links or indirect via wired backhaul communication links. In some aspects, the network controller 130 can be a CU or a core network device, or can include a CU or a core network device.

[0040] The UEs 120 can be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 can be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 can include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 can be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0041] Some UEs 120 can be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and / or eMTC UEs can include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags, that can communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. A

[0042] Generally, any number of wireless networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 can support a particular RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, and / or the like. Frequencies can be referred to as carriers, frequency channels, and / or the like. In some cases, a single frequency can be used to carry one or more RATs. In some cases, a carrier can be a component carrier (CC) in a carrier aggregation (CA) scheme. A carrier can be located above 6 GHz, below 6 GHz, or span frequencies in both regions.

[0043] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, UEs 120 can communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (which can include vehicle-to- vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols, and / or the like. In such examples, UEs 120 can perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0044] Devices of wireless network 100 can use the electromagnetic spectrum for communications. The electromagnetic spectrum can be subdivided, according to frequency or wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, and / or the like. For example, devices of wireless network 100 can communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7. 125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

[0045] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Moreover, higher bands are currently under exploration to extend 5G NR operations beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4-a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0046] With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0047] In some aspects, a transmitter device (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110) can include a communication manager 140 / 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 / 150 can receive a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers; perform a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the first encoding operation including: determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer; generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer; and determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy; perform a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence; perform a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence; generate a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence; and transmit the symbol sequence for conveying the plurality of information bits. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 / 150 can perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0048] In some aspects, a receiver device (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110) can include a communication manager 140 / 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 / 150 can receive a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits; determine, based at least in part on the sequence of symbols, a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence; perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer; perform a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer; perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the third decoding operation including: determining, based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer, a shifted third integer; and determining, based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, the third integer; and recover the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 / 150 can perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0049] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to Figure 1 the examples described with respect to

[0050] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The network node 110 can be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T > 1). The UE 120 can be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R > 1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennas 234 and modem 232. In some examples, the network node 110 can include an interface, communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 can not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with UEs 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0051] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 can receive data, from a data source 212, intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120). The transmit processor 220 can select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 can process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCSs selected for the UE 120 and can provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 can process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and can provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems), shown as modems 232a through 232t. Each output symbol stream can be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modems 232, for example. Each modem 232 can use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 can also use a respective modulator component to process the output sample stream (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t can transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas), shown as antennas 234a through 234t.

[0052] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) can receive the downlink signals from network nodes 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and can provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems), shown as modems 254a through 254r. For example, each received signal can be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 can use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 can use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 can obtain received symbols from modems 254, can perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and can provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, can provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and can provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term “controller / processor” can refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or combinations thereof. A channel processor can determine reference signal received power (RSRP) parameters, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameters, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameters, and / or CQI parameters, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of UE 120 can be included in a housing 284.

[0053] Network controller 130 can include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 can include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Network controller 130 can communicate with network node 110 via communication unit 294.

[0054] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t and / or antennas 252a through 252r) can include or be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, antenna group, set of antenna elements, and / or antenna array can include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of co-planar antenna elements, a set of non-co-planar antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, for example, one or more components in transceiver 232 and / or modem 250). Figure 2 ​

[0055] On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) from controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from transmit processor 264 can be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to network node 110. In some examples, modems 254 of UE 120 can include modulators and demodulators. In some examples, UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver can include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modems 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and / or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver can be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (for example, with reference to Figure 8A to Figure 12 ) and / or with respect to other processes described herein.

[0056] At network node 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs can be received by antennas 234, processed by modems 232 (e.g., demodulator components (shown as DEMOD) of modems 232), detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receive processor 238 can provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller / processor 240. Network node 110 can include communication unit 244 and can communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Network node 110 can include scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some examples, modems 232 of network node 110 can include modulators and demodulators. In some examples, network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver can include any combination of antenna(s) 234, modems 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver can be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (for example, with reference to Figure 8A to Figure 12 ) and / or with respect to other processes described herein.

[0057] Controller / processor 240 of network node 110, controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / orFigure 2 Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with energy-based splitting and combining for probability amplitude-based shaping communication, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the transmitter or receiver device described herein is network node 110, included in network node 110, or includes Figure 2 One or more components of the network node 110 shown. In some aspects, the transmitter or receiver device described herein is UE 120, included in UE 120, or comprising Figure 2 One or more components of the UE 120 shown. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component that can execute or direct, for example Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 The operation of process 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program code for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, these one or more instructions may cause one or more processors, UE 120 and / or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation and / or interpretation). Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 The operation of process 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0058] In some aspects, a transmitter device (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110) includes means for receiving a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers; means for performing a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the means for performing the first encoding operation comprising: means for determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer; means for generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer; and means for determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy; means for performing a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence; means for performing a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence; means for generating a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence; and / or means for transmitting the symbol sequence for conveying the plurality of information bits. In some aspects, the means for a transmitter device to perform operations described herein can include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. In some aspects, the means for a transmitter device to perform operations described herein can include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0059] In some aspects, a receiver device (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110) includes means for receiving a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits; means for determining, based at least in part on the sequence of symbols, a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence; means for performing a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer; means for performing a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer; means for performing a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the means for performing the third decoding operation including: means for determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer; and means for determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold; and / or means for recovering the plurality of information bits associated with the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer. In some aspects, the means for a receiver device to perform operations described herein can include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. In some aspects, the means for a receiver device to perform operations described herein can include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0060] Although Figure 2 The blocks in FIG. 14 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above with respect to these blocks can be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 can be performed by controller / processor 280 or under its control.

[0061] As indicated above, Figure 2 is provided as an example. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to Figure 2 the examples described with respect to

[0062] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of a network, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment of a network can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station, such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP, or a cell, and so forth, or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. A “network entity” or “network node” can refer to a disaggregated base station or one or more units of a disaggregated base station, such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof.

[0063] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU can be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU or, alternatively, can be geographically or virtually spread across one or more other network nodes. The DUs can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs can also be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), and so forth.

[0064] Base station type operations or network designs can take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station can be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed individually. A disaggregated base station can include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.

[0065] Figure 3is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 can include a CU 310, which can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly through one or more disaggregated control units, such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 can communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective fronthaul links, such as over an Fl interface. Each of the DUs 330 can communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective front-haul links. Each of the RUs 340 can communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 can be served by multiple RUs 340 simultaneously.

[0066] Each of the units, including the CU 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315, and the SMO framework 305, can include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the respective unit, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission media. In some examples, each of the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units through a wired transmission medium, and a wireless interface, which can include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver, such as a RF transceiver, configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units through a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0067] In some aspects, the CU 310 can host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bi-directionally with the CU-CP units via an interface, such as an El interface. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DUs 330 as needed for network control and signal transfer.

[0068] Each DU 330 can correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 can host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part according to a functional split, such as a functional split defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers can be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, among other examples. In some aspects, the DU 330 can also host one or more low PHY layers, such as implemented by one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (which can also be referred to as a module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0069] Each RU 340 can implement low-layer functionality. In some deployments, the RUs 340 controlled by the DUs 330 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions based on a functional split (e.g., a functional split defined by 3GPP), such as a low-layer functional split, such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples. In such an architecture, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RUs 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DUs 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0070] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an Ol interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform, such as an Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390, to perform network element lifecycle management, such as instantiating virtualized network elements, via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an 02 interface. Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the non-RT RIC 315, and the near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with hardware aspects of a 4G RAN, such as an Open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an Ol interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can directly communicate with each of the one or more RUs 340 via a respective Ol interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include the non-RT RIC 315, which is configured to support functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0071] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and update, or policy-based steering of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to, or in communication with, the near-RT RIC 325, such as via an Al interface. The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions by way of an interface, such as via an E2 interface, that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and an O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0072] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions by way of the SMO framework 305, such as reconfiguration via an Ol interface, or via creation of RAN management policies, such as Al interface policies.

[0073] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to Figure 3 the examples described with respect to

[0074] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a transmit (Tx) chain 402 and a receive (Rx) chain 404 of a UE 120 in accordance with the present disclosure. In some examples, one or more components of the Tx chain 402 can be implemented in the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the modems 254, and / or the controller / processor 280 as described above in connection with Figure 2 In some examples, the Tx chain 402 can be implemented in the UE 120 for transmitting data 406 (e.g., uplink data, uplink reference signals, or uplink control information) to the network node 110 on an uplink channel.

[0075] The encoder 407 can alter the signal (e.g., bit stream) 403 to data 406. The data 406 to be transmitted is provided as input from the encoder 407 to a serial-to-parallel (S / P) converter 408. In some examples, the S / P converter 408 can split the transmit data into N parallel data streams 410.

[0076] The N parallel data streams 410 can then be provided as input to a mapper 412. The mapper 412 can map the N parallel data streams 410 onto N constellation points. The mapping can be done using a modulation constellation such as amplitude shift keying (ASK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 8 phase-shift keying (8PSK), or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), among others. Thus, the mapper 412 can output N parallel symbol streams 416, each symbol stream 416 corresponding to one of N orthogonal subcarriers of an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) component 420. These N parallel symbol streams 416 are represented in the frequency domain and can be converted to N parallel time-domain sample streams 418 by the IFFT component 420.

[0077] In some examples, the N parallel modulations in the frequency domain correspond to N modulation symbols in the frequency domain, which are equal to N mapping and N-point IFFT in the frequency domain, which are equal to one (useful) OFDM symbol in the time domain, which are equal to N samples in the time domain. One OFDM symbol Nsin the time domain is equal to Ncp(number of guard samples per OFDM symbol) + N (number of useful samples per OFDM symbol).

[0078] The N parallel time-domain sample streams 418 can be converted to an OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422 by a parallel-to-serial (P / S) converter 424. A guard insertion component 426 can insert a guard interval between successive OFDM / OFDMA symbols in the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422. The output of the guard insertion component 426 can then be upconverted to a desired transmit band by an RF front end 428. An antenna 430 can then transmit the resulting signal 432.

[0079] In some examples, the Rx chain 404 can utilize OFDM / OFDMA. In some examples, one or more components of the Rx chain 404 can be implemented in the receive processor 258, the MIMO detector 256, the modem 254, or the controller / processor 280 as described above in connection with Figure 2 In some examples, the Rx chain 404 can be implemented in the UE 120 for receiving data 406 (e.g., downlink data, downlink reference signals, or downlink control information) from the network node 110 on a downlink channel.

[0080] The transmitted signal 432 is shown traveling from the Tx chain 402 to the Rx chain 404 over a wireless channel 434. When the signal 432' is received by the antenna 430', the received signal 432' can be down-converted to a baseband signal by the RF front end 428'. The guard removal component 426' can then remove the guard intervals inserted by the guard insertion component 426 between OFDM / OFDMA symbols.

[0081] The output of the guard removal component 426' can be provided to the S / P converter 424'. The output can include the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422', and the S / P converter 424' can divide the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422' into N parallel time-domain symbol streams 418', each of which corresponds to one of N orthogonal subcarriers. The FFT component 420' can convert the N parallel time-domain symbol streams 418' into the frequency domain and output N parallel frequency-domain symbol streams 416'.

[0082] The demapper 412' can perform the inverse of the symbol mapping operation performed by the mapper 412, outputting N parallel data streams 410'. The P / S converter 408' can combine the N parallel data streams 410' into a single data stream 406'. Ideally, the data stream 406' corresponds to the data 406 provided as input to the Tx chain 402. The data stream 406' can be decoded by the decoder 407' into a decoded data stream 403'.

[0083] As indicated above, Figure 4 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to the Figure 4 examples described with respect to the

[0084] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example transmit chain 500 for probabilistic amplitude shaping in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0085] As Figure 5 shown, the transmit chain 500 includes a distribution matcher 510, an amplitude-to-bit mapper 512, a systematic FEC encoder 514, and a symbol bit converter 516. The transmit chain 500 can be used, for example, for ASK modulation, where the ASK constellation has a modulation order of 2 M . An ASK constellation with a modulation order of 2 M may include a set of constellation points {±1, ±3,..., ±(2 M - 1)}. In some examples, the transmit chain 500 can have a transmit rate R c = R dm + γ, where R dm represents the rate of the distribution matcher 510, and γ represents a set of parity bits added to the k information bits to be encoded.

[0086] ASK constellation can be associated with a magnitude alphabet of {1, 3, …, (2 M -1)}. The magnitude alphabet can include a set of possible constellation points (e.g., without signs) from which a set of constellation points is generated. For example, the transmit chain 500 can be configured with a magnitude alphabet of size m > 1 where each element of is referred to as a symbol. may be constrained such that each element is ordered within (e.g., for any a i , a1< a2< … < a m ). For an alphabet , for each value i within i , a symbol can have an energy E(a i ). Based on the above constraints, the symbol energies are ordered according to the ordering of the symbols within , such that 0 < E(a i+1 ) < E(a M ). For a 2 M-1 -ary ASK constellation, as described in Figure 5 , where m = 2 M and correspond to the 2 i -ary constellation. In this example, a m = 2i-1, such that a1= 1, a2= 3, …, a M = 2 i -1, and such that for each i, the energy E(a i ) of the symbol a 2 = (2i-1) 2 in the first example, or In both examples, the second example is a rescaling of the (2i-1) n term in the first example.

[0087] For a symbol sequence s = (s1, s2, …, sn) of length n with an alphabet M of size m, where each element of s is selected from The energy E(s) is the accumulation (e.g., sum) of all symbol energies of the symbol sequence . Accordingly, for a 2 dm -ary ASK constellation, where M = 3; And m=4, an example symbol sequence (5,1,1,3,5,7) of length n=6 can be configured. For the example symbol sequence, the symbol energies E(1)=1, E(3)=9, E(5)=25 and E(7)=49 can be determined such that E(s)=2E(1)+E(3)+2E(5)+E(7)=2+9+50+49=110. In another example, for E(1)=0, E(3)=1, E(5)=3 and E(7)=6, the symbol energy can be determined as E(s)=2E(1)+E(3)+2E(5)+E(7)=13.

[0088] like Figure 5 As further shown, the distributed matching unit 510 can receive k information bits and map these k information bits to n amplitude symbols. The distributed matching unit 510 can have a rate R dm = k / n. In some examples, the distribution matcher 510 maps information bits to amplitude symbols to achieve a non-uniform distribution on the amplitude symbols. The non-uniform distribution induced by the distribution matcher 510 can be closer to the capacity-realizing input distribution than that achieved by a uniform distribution. In other words, the non-uniform distribution induced by the distribution matcher 510 is a probability distribution in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel (e.g., a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution). The transmit chain 500 can pass n amplitude symbols to the amplitude bit mapper 512, which maps the n amplitude symbols to a set of n(M-1) amplitude bits. The transmit chain 500 can pass the n(M-1) amplitude bits and γn additional information bits (e.g., FEC bits) to the system FEC encoder 514 for FEC encoding. In this example, the system FEC encoder 514 is at a rate R c =(M-1+γ) / M receives n(M-1+γ) units as input. The system FEC encoder 514 can achieve a rate of R c A set of n(1–γ) parity bits is generated. The transmit chain 500 passes the n(1–γ) parity bits and γn additional information bits to the sign bit converter 516, which generates a set of n sign bits. The sign bit converter 516 generates a sign bit "1" for bit "0" and a sign bit "-1" for bit "1". The transmit chain 500 performs point-by-point multiplication to combine the n amplitude signs with the n sign bits, thereby generating a set of n constellation points.

[0089] As indicated above, Figure 5 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0090] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example transmission chain 600 for probability amplitude shaping according to this disclosure.

[0091] like Figure 6 As shown, the transmit chain 600 includes a distributed matching unit 610, an amplitude-to-bit mapper 612, a system FEC encoder 614, and a sign bit converter 616. The transmit chain 600 can be used, for example, for QAM modulation, where the QAM constellation has a modulation order of 2. 2M In this type of example, the modulation order is 2. 2M A QAM constellation may include a set of constellation points {±1,±3,…,±(2 M -1)}×{±1,±3,…,±(2 M -1)}.

[0092] like Figure 6 As further shown, the distributed matcher 610 can receive a first group of k information bits and a second group of k information bits, and map these groups of k information bits to corresponding arrays of n amplitude symbols. The transmit chain 600 can pass each group of n amplitude symbols to the amplitude-to-bit mapper 612, which maps each group of n amplitude symbols to a pair of n(M-1) amplitude bits. The transmit chain 600 can pass a pair of n(M-1) amplitude bits and a pair of γn additional information bits to the system FEC encoder 614 for FEC encoding. The system FEC encoder 614 can have an FEC codeword length of n. c =nlog2(2 2M ) = 2nM. In this example, the system FEC encoder 614 receives a total of as input. The input consists of two streams of n(M-1) amplitude bits from the information bits and two streams of additional information bits, where each stream of additional information bits comprises nγ bits. The value of γ can be such that... Accordingly, the total number of bits used for transmission The system's FEC encoder 614 can achieve a speed of R c Generate a set of 2nM(1-R) c ) parity bits. Transmit chain 600 can transmit 2nM(1-R) ​​bits. c A parity bit and a pair of γn additional information bits for each group are passed to a sign bit converter 616, which generates a group of 2n sign bits. The transmit chain 600 can perform point-by-point multiplication to combine each group of n amplitude signs with the 2n sign bits to generate a pair of n signed amplitudes for each group.

[0093] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0094] Figure 7is a diagram illustrating an example transmit chain 700 for energy-based probabilistic amplitude shaping in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0095] As Figure 7 shown, the transmit chain 700 includes an energy-based amplitude shaper 710, a symbol-to-bit mapper 712, a systematic FEC encoder 714, and a bit-to-symbol mapper 716. The transmit chain 700 can be used, for example, for ASK modulation, where the ASK constellation has a modulation order of 2 M In such examples, the ASK constellation with a modulation order of 2 M may include a set of constellation points {±1, ±3,..., ±(2 M -1)} with an amplitude alphabet {1, 3,..., 2 M -1)}. In another example, the transmit chain 700 can be used for QAM modulation with a modulation order of 2 2M , a set of constellation points {±1, ±3,..., ±(2 M -1)} x {±1, ±3,..., ±(2 M -1)}, and an amplitude alphabet {1, 3,..., 2 M -1}.

[0096] As Figure 7 further shown, the energy-based amplitude shaper 710 can receive a sequence of k information bits u k =(u1, u2,..., u k ). The sequence u k represents a set of k information bits for encoding. The energy-based amplitude shaper 710 can determine a sequence of symbols s n with an energy E(s n that is constrained to be less than an energy threshold The sequence of symbols s n may represent a set of n amplitude symbols. In some examples, using an energy-based amplitude shaper can achieve a non-uniform per-symbol edge distribution of n amplitude symbols that is closer to a capacity achieving input distribution than a uniform distribution used as input. The non-uniform per-symbol edge distribution can be an MB distribution for an AWGN channel. The symbol-to-bit mapper 712 can map the sequence s n =(s1, s2,..., s n ), which includes a set of n amplitude symbols, to a sequence of (M - 1) bits of length n, denoted as In other words, each of the n amplitude symbols corresponds to (M - 1) bits, resulting in a total of n(M - 1) amplitude bits.

[0097] The systematic FEC encoder 714 can receive these sets of bit sequences and a set of additional information bits u γn(For example, a total of n(M-1+γ)) is used for the rate R c = (M-1+γ) / M is used for FEC encoding. The system FEC encoder 714 generates a set of n(1-γ) parity bits (or FEC bits) p at output. n(1-γ) The output sets of parity bits are mapped to bit sequences. Bit-to-sign mapper 716 can receive these grouped bit sequences and parity bit sequence And generate a set of symbols x n For example, bit sequences It can be converted into n sign bits, which are then bitwise ANDed with s. n Multiply the n amplitude symbols in the expression. The resulting transmission rate R of transmission chain 700 is obtained by... t For R t =R as +γ, where R as This represents the rate at which amplitude symbols are received for encoding. A non-uniform distribution across the amplitude symbols is desired, which can be achieved by selecting an energy threshold. To achieve this.

[0098] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0099] As described above, an amplitude alphabet with m>1 can be used when encoding a set of information bits to generate a set of symbols. Amplitude Alphabet It can be sorted such that for any i∈{1,2,…,m-1}, a i i+1 (For example, a1) <a2<…<a m Amplitude Alphabet Each symbol has symbolic energy E(a) i The symbolic energy is also ordered such that for any i∈{1,2,…,m-1}, 0≤E(a i ) <E(a i+1 ), (for example, E(a1) <E(a2)<…<E(a m An example of a constellation that can be used for symbolic mapping is 2. M ASK constellation in base-1 Where m = 2 M-1 And it is at least partially based on the modulation order. Therefore, a i =2i-1, which produces a set of symbols a1=1, a2=3, ..., a m =2 M -1. ​

[0100] Given size m alphabet of amplitudes The amplitude alphabet A sequence s = (s1, s2,..., sn) of length n can be constructed over the amplitude alphabet n In other words, each element of the sequence s belongs to the amplitude alphabet The energy of the sequence s (denoted as E(s)) is the sum of the symbol energies within the sequence s:

[0101]

[0102] where s l is an element of the sequence s (e.g., l ranges from 1 to n). The sequence quantity represents the set of all sequences of length n over the amplitude alphabet such that each sequence in the set has an energy equal to E. This sequence quantity is the value N [m] (n, E) (e.g., the total quantity of different sequences in the set of all sequences described above), which can also be denoted as "N(n, E)" or "N" depending on the context, where, for a given value m, N(n, E) is a bivariate integer-valued function of n and E. Similarly, the cumulative sequence quantity denoted as "N c (n, E)" or "N c " depending on the context, represents the set of all sequences of length n over the amplitude alphabet such that each sequence in the set has an energy at most E and is denoted as According to the following relationship, N can be related to N c :

[0103]

[0104] where E(a m ) represents the maximum symbol energy such that for 1≤n ′ ≤n, 0≤E≤nE(a m ).

[0105] In some wireless communications, such as when using higher-order modulation, transmitter devices may use fixed constellation points to encode information bits. For example, fixed constellation points can be used with 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM, as well as other modulation and decoding schemes. Each fixed constellation point can be used to encode information bits with an equal probability. For AWGN channels, there may be a shaping gap relative to the channel capacity, or "Shannon capacity," which asymptotically approaches approximately 1.53 dB for a uniformly distributed channel input. The shaping gap can be defined as the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved at a given rate using a given MCS and the SNR operable with the optimal capacity implementation scheme (which may be Shannon capacity or the "Shannon limit").

[0106] Some techniques used to reduce or minimize shaping gaps include geometric shaping and probabilistic shaping. In geometric shaping, the transmitter device can use equiprobable signaling with constellation points having a non-uniform (e.g., Gaussian-like) distribution. In contrast, in probabilistic shaping, the transmitter device can use equidistant constellation points with a non-uniform (e.g., Gaussian-like) signal distribution. To perform probabilistic shaping, the transmitter device can determine an energy threshold. This results in a non-uniform distribution across a set of amplitude symbols caused by the energy-based shaping scheme. If this non-uniform distribution differs from the optimal MB distribution, the shaping gap may be too large, potentially leading to poor communication performance.

[0107] In the alphabet of amplitude The probability distribution with parameter v (a non-negative real number) above (such as the MB distribution) is generated in the form of: The probability distribution of , where a represents The elements, and Z ν It is a normalized constant. ASK constellation (such as reference) Figure 5 and Figure 7 The optimal probability distribution on the described ASK constellation can exhibit a relatively large shaping gain relative to a uniform distribution on the same constellation. In other words, the uniform distribution has a certain amount of shaping gap compared to the optimal probability distribution (e.g., the MB distribution).

[0108] As described above, a set of encoded information bits can be associated with an amplitude alphabet. The symbol sequence s, sequence length n, and total energy E are correlated. Energy threshold. This can represent a constraint on the total energy E, such that Can represent the alphabet The set of all symbol sequences of length n such that the energy of each sequence is at most equal to an energy threshold. The transmitter device can perform energy-based shaping and can be encoded using either a direct energy-based arithmetic decoding (AC) method or a two-stage stripping method. The transmitter device's distributed matcher (such as distributed matchers 510 and 610) can implement one of the example techniques described above. In such examples, the distributed mapper derives from all 2 k The set of possible information bit sequences to An injective mapping. The result of this type of encoding is obtained by determining m, n, and... By imposing a condition on k, unique decodeability is guaranteed at the receiver device. However, the above encoding method is implemented as a serial process. For example, the underlying direct energy-based AC method is a serial implementation, which may lead to excessive latency in communications that are sensitive to encoding and transmission delays.

[0109] Several aspects described in this paper provide low-latency energy-based probabilistic amplitude shaping. For example, some aspects described in this paper enable the partitioning of the coding problem into a set of sub-coding problems for parallel processing, which reduces the latency associated with generating the signal for transmission. Similarly, some aspects described in this paper can be applied to implement parallel decoding techniques, thereby reducing the latency associated with decoding and transmission.

[0110] Figure 8A and Figure 8B This is a diagram illustrating example 800 associated with energy-based splitting and combining for probability-based amplitude shaping communication, according to this disclosure. Figure 8A As shown, transmitter device 810 can communicate with receiver device 820. In some aspects, transmitter device 810 or receiver device 820 may include one or more of network node 110, UE 120 or components thereof.

[0111] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 850, the transmitter device 810 can receive a set of bits for encoding. For example, the transmitter device 810 can receive multiple information bits at least in part based on the fact that multiple information bits are generated by an application of the transmitter device 810. The multiple information bits can represent a binary expansion of a first integer, as described below.

[0112] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 852 in the accompanying drawings, the transmitter device 810 can perform a first encoding operation. For example, the transmitter device 810 can encode a first integer from a set of integers. Perform the first encoding operation to determine the second integer K in the set of integers. l and the third integer K r The first encoding problem involves encoding the first integer... With sequence quantity This is related, as described in more detail below. Similarly, when the second and third integers are determined from the first integer, the second and third integers can be associated with the sequence quantity N, respectively. l and N r Related. For example... Figure 8B As shown, transmitter device 810 pairs Perform a split operation to generate (K) l N l ) and (K r N r In some respects, It is an unsigned integer with k information bits, where Similarly, the second integer K l It is the first integer representing the shift. A subset of unsigned integers, unsigned integer K l and A subset of sequences (which may be called a "subsequence") is associated with each other, where Each sequence in the subset of sequences has a sequence number equal to n. l The corresponding lengths sum to E l The corresponding energy, and A subset of sequences in N(n) has N(n) l E l The cardinality is represented by ). Alternatively, the sequence size N(n) l E l ) can be abbreviated as N l As described below, (K) l N l ) can be further broken down into (K ll N ll ) and (K lr N lr ), where K ll It can be called the fourth integer, and K lr It can be called the fifth integer. The fourth integer K ll and the fifth integer K lr Each of the elements represents the second integer of the shift. The corresponding part. Additionally or alternatively, the fourth integer K. ll and The sequences in the sequence are associated with subsets of sequences (which may be called "sub-subsequences"), where Each sequence in the subset of sequences has a sequence number equal to n. ll The corresponding lengths sum to E ll The corresponding energy, and A subset of sequences in a sequence has a sequence quantity N(n) ll E ll The cardinality is represented by ). Alternatively, the sequence size N(n)ll ,E ll ) can be abbreviated as N ll . The labels “l” and “r” (in order l < r) used above refer to the left and right branches of a split operation (or a fine split operation). In other words, a set of subsequence labels {l, r} j can be designated as a substitute for {(al, a2,..., an j ) | ai e {l, r}, 1 < i < j} where i ∈ {l, r}, 1 < i < j} where and the dictionary order among the elements is {l, r} j . In other words, For which corresponds to the empty subsequence label, {l, r} 1 = {l, r}, for N l and N r which corresponds to the subsequence label, {l, r} 2 = {ll, lr, rl, rr}, for N ll , N lr , N rl and N rr which corresponds to the subsequence label, and so on.

[0113] For any non-negative integer j and for e e {l, r} j , the notation e * l denotes “one-letter extension of e by l”, which is an element in {l, r} j+1 . For example, when e = (l, r, r), then e * l = (l, r, r, l). Further, J can represent a subdivision height for encoding, where J is a positive integer, 1 < J < log2 n. As described below, each subdivision is associated with a subdivision length, which can be selected from a subdivision length family as a set of non-negative integers {n e | e e {l, r} j , 0 < j < J} where j is arbitrary and e e {l, r} j . The subdivision length family has a size n e ≥ 0, where n e★l + n e★r = n e . An example of the subdivision length family satisfies and When the sequence length n is a power of 2, such that n is a power of 2, the above equations simplify to n e★l = n e / 2 and n e★r = n e / 2; that is, each subdivision length in the subdivision length family is a power of 2.

[0114] Returning to the first encoding operation, the transmitter device 810 may have an amplitude alphabet. Input, subdivision height J, subdivision length family {n e |e∈{l,r} j ,0≤j≤J} and multiple information bits u1,u2,…,u of length k used for encoding k , so that:

[0115]

[0116] in This is the energy threshold, also known as the maximum sequence energy. In the first encoding stage, the transmitter device 810 performs initialization, whereby the transmitter device 810 initializes the value to j = 0. n e =n、 and And decode the k information bits into a first (unsigned) integer. in

[0117] In some respects, the transmitter device 810 can perform an iterative process for encoding. For example, the transmitter device 810 can iterate through a set of steps from j = 0 to j = J-1, as described below. In iteration j, the transmitter device 810 enumerates the set {l, r} j , where e is the enumerated element and is related to the parameter n e E e and K e Related. Here, if e ≠ (r, r, ..., r) and Then, in iteration j, the transmitter device 810 determines the largest integer E such that the inequality is satisfied. in:

[0118]

[0119] Each N(n) e★l E′) represents the cardinality of the total number of the corresponding sequence (each sequence in the total number of the corresponding sequence has a cardinality equal to n). e★l The corresponding length and corresponding energy are equal to E′. Similarly, each N(n) e★r E e -E′) represents the cardinality of the total number of the corresponding sequence (each sequence in the total number of the corresponding sequence has a cardinality equal to n). e★r The corresponding lengths sum to E e The corresponding energy of -E′).

[0120] In iteration j, transmitter device 810 determines the prefix subsequence energy E associated with the subsequence label e★l. e★l=E, and determine the suffix subsequence energy E associated with the subsequence label e★r. e★r =E e -E. Transmitter device 810 can determine the prefix subsequence energy at least in part based on the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the maximum sequence energy, and the first integer, and can associate the prefix subsequence energy with the subsequence label e★l. Transmitter device 810 can determine the prefix subsequence energy at least in part based on n. e★l The sequence size N(n) is determined by the energy E of the prefix subsequence. e★l The transmitter device 810 can transmit the sequence quantity N (n e★l E) is abbreviated as N e★l (For example, N) e★l =N(n) e★l The transmitter device 810 may be at least partially based on n. e★r and suffix subsequence energy E e -E determines the sequence size N(n) e★r E e -E). Additionally, the transmitter device 810 can transmit the sequence quantity N(n e★r E e -E) is abbreviated as N e★r (For example, N) e★r =N(n) e★r E e -E), as described above).

[0121] Transmitter device 810 can use E e★l As the energy of the subsequence associated with the subsequence label e★l, the subsequence has an energy equal to n. e★l The length of the maximum suffix subsequence. In some respects, the transmitter device 810 may determine the maximum suffix subsequence energy based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the maximum sequence energy, as described above.

[0122] Alternatively, if e = (r, r, ..., r) or Then, in iteration j, the transmitter device 810 determines the largest integer E such that the inequality is satisfied. in:

[0123]

[0124] Where each N c (n e★r E e -E′) represents the cardinality of the total number of the corresponding sequence (each sequence in the total number of the corresponding sequence has a cardinality equal to n). e★r The corresponding length and less than or equal to E e The corresponding energy of -E′). In other words, it depends on whether e ≠ (r, r, ..., r) and The transmitter device 810 can determine a plurality of sequence quantities and / or a plurality of cumulative sequence quantities based at least in part on the plurality of sequence quantities and / or the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities

[0125] In some aspects, the transmitter device 810 can determine a range of non-negative integers, each non-negative integer representing a candidate energy associated with a prefix subsequence energy. The transmitter device 810 can further determine the plurality of sequence quantities based at least in part on the range of non-negative integers. In some aspects, each sequence quantity of the plurality of sequence quantities associated with the encoding process corresponds to a cardinality of a first set of sub-sequences over an alphabet , where each sub-sequence has a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and has an energy equal to an integer of the range of non-negative integers. Similarly, each cumulative sequence quantity corresponds to a respective integer of the range of non-negative integers and corresponds to a cardinality of a second set of sub-sequences over an amplitude alphabet , the sub-sequences having a length equal to a difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and having an energy less than or equal to a difference between the maximum sequence energy and the integer of the range of non-negative integers.

[0126] Based at least in part on determining values, the transmitter device 810 can determine a shifted integer (e.g., a shifted value K e of the first integer) in iteration j to be (or to be in one example encoding operation). In some aspects, the transmitter device 810 can determine and / or values and / or use the values for encoding, where and for example, or and or where and are variables, and the sequence quantities and cumulative sequence quantities (e.g., their values) can be obtained through a variety of different techniques. The transmitter device 810 can determine the quantities using computational techniques (e.g., using recursive definitions), configured lookup tables storing values (e.g., depending on m), and / or using approximation methods (e.g., which can depend on m).

[0127] In some aspects, the transmitter device 810 can use an energy range limiting technique with and and functions to limit sub-sequence energy selection in, for example, a first encoding stage. The functions are used to enumerate energy-based groups of underlying tessellation sub-sequences:

[0128] • E e★l ∈ [E- (n e ,E e ),E + (n e ,E e )] if e≠{r} j

[0129] · otherwise

[0130] thereby reducing computational complexity. For example, for n e★l and E', as described above, within the above restricted ranges, transmitter device 810 can reduce the range of E' to determine N(n e★l , E') and N(n e★r , E e -E') (or N c (n e★r , E e -E')). Although using approximations or energy range restrictions can result in one or more small errors or degradations (e.g., a loss in the amount k of bits that can be uniquely decoded), transmitter device 810 and receiver device 820 can calibrate such errors or degradations by using parity bits, redundancy, or some other technique.

[0131] In some aspects, transmitter device 810 can use a particular procedure to determine each sequence quantity (e.g., N(n e★l , E') and N(n e★r , E e -E') of a plurality of sequence quantities and / or each cumulative sequence quantity (e.g., N c (n e★r , E e -E') of a plurality of cumulative sequence quantities. For example, transmitter device 810 can approximate the logarithm of each sequence quantity or cumulative sequence and raise the approximated logarithm of each sequence quantity or cumulative sequence quantity to a power. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter device 810 can use a recursive definition technique, access a lookup table storing sequence quantity or cumulative sequence quantity values (e.g., using m to identify a value in the lookup table), use another approximation technique.

[0132] In some aspects, transmitter device 810 can determine a prefix subsequence index K e★l (e.g., during iteration j). For example, transmitter device 810 can determine the prefix subsequence index K e★l associated with a subsequence label e*1as:

[0133]

[0134] Similarly, the transmitter device 810 can determine a suffix subsequence index K based at least in part on the prefix subsequence index e★r . For example, the transmitter device 810 can determine the suffix subsequence index K e★r associated with the subsequence label e

[0135]

[0136] The transmitter device 810 can determine, for each subsequence label e enumerated from {l, r} j , a respective prefix subsequence index, a respective prefix subsequence energy, and a respective suffix subsequence index, a respective suffix subsequence energy (or a respective maximum suffix subsequence energy), until each element e of {l, r} j has been enumerated to complete iteration j. Figure 8B An example of the first two iterations of the first encoding stage is shown (e.g., an example where J = 2). For example, for j = 0, is split to generate (K l ,N l ) and (K r ,N r ). Similarly, during j = 1, there is an enumeration of {l, r} 1 , where on the left branch (e = l), (K e ,N e ) = (K l ,N l ) is split into (K e★l ,N e★l ) = (K ll ,N ll ) and (K e★r ,N e★r ) = (K lr ,N lr ); and, where on the right branch (e = r), (K e ,N e ) = (K r ,N r ) is split into (K e★l ,N e★l ) = (K rl ,N rl ) and (K e★r ,N e★r ) = (K rr ,N rr ), as described in greater detail herein.

[0137] Thus, the first encoding operation performed by the transmitter device 810 can correspond to from to (K l ,N l) and (K r ,N r ), a first split of which is the original encoding problem of encoding the index ( e.g., a first integer) into a sequence of length and energy at most After the first iteration of the first encoding stage, the encoding problem is split into two sub-problems and the energy of each sub-problem is split such that the first sub-problem is encoding a first sub-sequence index ( e.g., a second integer) into a prefix sub-sequence of length and energy equal to the prefix sub-sequence energy and the second sub-problem is encoding a second sub-sequence index ( e.g., a third integer) into a suffix sub-sequence of length and energy less than or equal to the maximum suffix sub-sequence energy In contrast, as described in greater detail below, the second encoding operation and the third encoding operation performed by the transmitter device can correspond to further splits in the left branch and the right branch (e.g., from (K l ,N l ) to (K ll ,N ll ) and (K lr ,N lr ) and from (K r ,N r ) to (K rl ,N rl ) and (K rr ,N rr ).

[0138] As further shown in Figure 8A and by reference number 854, the transmitter device 810 can perform the second encoding operation and the third encoding operation mentioned above. For example, the transmitter device 810 can perform the second operation on a second integer K l of the set of integers to generate a prefix sub-sequence. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter device 810 can perform the third encoding operation on a third integer K r of the set of integers to generate a suffix sub-sequence. In some aspects, the transmitter device 810 can perform the second encoding operation and the third encoding operation in parallel. For example, the transmitter device 810 can perform at least a portion of the second encoding operation concurrently with performing at least a portion of the third encoding operation.

[0139] In some aspects, the transmitter device 810 can further split the second integer K l and / or the third integer K r . For example, as shown in Figure 8B , the transmitter device 810 can split the encoding problem (Kl ,N l ) into a set of parallel encoding problems (K ll ,N ll ) and (K lr ,N lr ). Similarly, the transmitter device 810 can split the encoding problem (K r ,N r ) into a set of parallel encoding problems (K rl ,N rl ) and (K rr ,N rr ). In these examples, the transmitter device 810 can perform one or more of the additional encoding problems (e.g., (K ll ,N ll ) and (K lr ,N lr )) in parallel (e.g., at least partially concurrently). Although some aspects are described herein in terms of splitting into two parallel encoding problems and / or two layers of encoding problems, it is contemplated that there can be additional splitting for higher quantities of parallel encoding problems (e.g., 2 J encoding sub-problems for some J > 2, where each of the encoding sub-problems corresponds to a respective index e in {l, r} J ) and / or additional splitting for additional layers of encoding problem splitting.

[0140] In some aspects, to complete, for example, the second encoding operation, the third encoding operation, or the 2 J encoding problem, the transmitter device 810 can perform an encoding operation to encode the sub-sequence index K e (where e is an element in {l, r} J ) into a sequence out of N e sequences, where each sequence includes elements of an amplitude alphabet , each sequence has a length n e , and each sequence has an energy less than or equal to E e , thereby generating a sequence s e that is one of the N e sequences that satisfies a set of properties (e.g., s e has a length n J , an energy E e in the case that e ≠ {r} e , or has an energy less than or equal to E J in the case that e = {r} e ). In this case, the 2 J encoding problems are decoupled (e.g., independent of each other), enabling parallel processing.

[0141] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 856, the transmitter device 810 can perform a symbol sequence generation operation based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the suffix subsequence. For example, the transmitter device 810 can perform the symbol sequence generation operation based on the subsequence s generated during the encoding operation mentioned above. e Generate symbol sequence s n , such as s n =(s (l,l,…,l) ,s (l,l,…,r) ,…,s (r,r,…,r) In some respects, transmitter device 810 may concatenate multiple subsequences into a sequence (e.g., a prefix subsequence) or a suffix sequence, and concatenate multiple sequences to form a single sequence (e.g., a symbol sequence). In this case, transmitter device 810 may use a symbol sequence for transmission.

[0142] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 858, the transmitter device 810 may transmit a symbol sequence to the receiver device 820. For example, the transmitter device 810 may modulate the symbol sequence onto a carrier and use a set of carrier resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and spatial resources) to transmit the symbol sequence to the receiver device 820.

[0143] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 860, receiver device 820 can receive symbols for decoding. For example, receiver device 820 can receive a symbol sequence carrying multiple information bits on a carrier. In this case, receiver device 820 can recover the prefix subsequence and suffix subsequence from the received transmission of the symbol sequence.

[0144] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 862, receiver device 820 can perform a first decoding operation and a second decoding operation. For example, receiver device 820 can perform a set of concurrent decoding processes on a set of subproblems. In this case, receiver device 820 can perform a first decoding operation on a prefix subsequence to determine a first integer (e.g., which may correspond to the third integer K described above). l Furthermore, a second decoding operation can be performed on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer (e.g., which may correspond to the second integer K described above). r In other words, the first and second decoding operations are the opposite of the second and third encoding operations described above.

[0145] In some aspects, receiver device 820 may perform a first decoding stage, which includes a first decoding operation, a second decoding operation, or a second decoding operation. J Decoding operation. For example, receiver device 820 may use an alphabet. Sequence length n, energy threshold Subdivision height J, a set of subdivision lengths {n e |e∈{l,r} j ,0≤j≤J} and the received symbol sequence The input can be subdivided according to the subdivision length family, and the received symbol sequence can be further subdivided. To be used for encoding as a set of 2 J A decoupled decoding subproblem (e.g., for concurrent processing). 2 J Each of the decoding subproblems corresponds to the encoding subproblem described above. In some aspects, to determine the energy associated with the decoding subproblem (e.g., prefix subsequence energy or suffix subsequence energy), the receiver device 820 may sum the energies of the elements associated with the decoding subproblem. Based on completing this set of decoding subproblems, the receiver device 820 may determine the subsequence index.

[0146] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 864 in the accompanying drawings, receiver device 820 may perform a third decoding operation. For example, receiver device 820 may perform a third decoding operation to determine a third integer of the shift (e.g., which may correspond to the first integer of the shift described above), and determine a third integer (e.g., which may correspond to the first integer described above) based on the third integer of the shift. In other words, the third decoding operation is the opposite of the first encoding operation described above. In some respects, the receiver device 820 may perform a second decoding stage. In this second decoding stage, the receiver device 820 performs decoding on all e∈{l,r} from the first decoding stage. J Subsequence index An iterative process is performed, where j is initialized to j = J-1 in J iterations, and the value of j decreases by 1 after each iteration (until j = 0). In other words, the iterative process of the first decoding stage is the reverse of the iterative process of the first encoding stage. In this case, the receiver device 820 determines the subsequence energy in iteration j. Determine the energy of the prefix subsequence and integers And determine the number N of suffix subsequences. e★r =N(n) e★r E e -E e★l Furthermore, the receiver device 820 is at least partially based on N. e★r Prefix subsequence index and suffix subsequence index Determine the integer At least in part based on determination Receiver device 820 determines the subsequence index And by enumerating {l,r} j The iteration continues with the next element e, as described above, until all elements e have been enumerated. In this case, if all All e∈{l,r} from the first decoding stage J Correctly decoded (this is) In the case of (the situation at that time), the decoded index With the corresponding information bits same.

[0147] like Figure 8A As further shown by reference numeral 866 in the accompanying drawing, the receiver device can perform a bit recovery operation. For example, the receiver device can, at least in part, determine a third integer from... The symbol sequence s in n =(s1,s2,…,s n Recovering the bit sequence u in ) k =(u1,u2,…,u k A group of bits.

[0148] As indicated above, Figure 8A and Figure 8B This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8A and Figure 8B The examples described are different.

[0149] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, by a transmitter device according to this disclosure. Example process 900 is an example in which a transmitter device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110, or transmitter device 810, etc.) performs operations associated with energy-based splitting and combining for probability amplitude shaping communication.

[0150] like Figure 9 As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving a plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers (box 910). For example, a transmitter device (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The receiving component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106 described herein can receive multiple information bits associated with a set of integers, as described above.

[0151] like Figure 9Further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include performing a first encoding operation on a first integer in the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold (box 920). In some aspects, the first encoding operation of process 900 may include determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer (box 922). In some aspects, the first encoding operation of process 900 may include generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer (box 924). In some aspects, the first encoding operation of process 900 may include determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy (box 926). For example, a transmitter device (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 described herein can perform a first encoding operation on a first integer in a set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the first encoding operation comprising: determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer; generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer; and determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy, as described above.

[0152] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include performing a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence (box 930). For example, a transmitter device (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 described above can perform a second encoding operation on a second integer to generate a prefix subsequence, as described above.

[0153] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include performing a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a suffix subsequence (box 940). For example, a transmitter device (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 described above can perform a third encoding operation on a third integer to generate a suffix subsequence, as described above.

[0154] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include generating a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the suffix subsequence (box 950). For example, a transmitter device (e.g., using...) Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 described above can generate symbol sequences based at least in part on prefix and suffix subsequences.

[0155] like Figure 9Further, in some aspects, process 900 can include transmitting a sequence of symbols for conveying a plurality of information bits (block 960). For example, the transmitter device (e.g., using transmission component 1104 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in FIG. 11) can transmit a sequence of symbols for conveying a plurality of information bits, as described above. Figure 9 Further, in some aspects, process 900 can include transmitting a sequence of symbols for conveying a plurality of information bits (block 960). For example, the transmitter device (e.g., using transmission component 1104 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in FIG. 11) can transmit a sequence of symbols for conveying a plurality of information bits, as described above.

[0156] Process 900 can include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0157] In a first aspect, determining the second integer and the third integer includes determining the second integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer, the prefix subsequence length, and the prefix subsequence energy, and determining the third integer based at least in part on the second integer, the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and an energy threshold.

[0158] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 900 includes determining a maximum suffix subsequence energy based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and an energy threshold.

[0159] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the maximum suffix subsequence energy is equal to a difference between the energy threshold and the prefix subsequence energy.

[0160] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and has an energy equal to the prefix subsequence energy.

[0161] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the suffix subsequence has a length equal to a difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and has an energy less than or equal to the maximum suffix subsequence energy.

[0162] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, performing the first encoding operation includes: identifying a range of non-negative integers, where each integer in the range of non-negative integers comprises a candidate energy associated with the prefix subsequence energy; determining a plurality of sequence quantities, where each sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities corresponds to a respective integer in the range of non-negative integers, a sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities corresponding to a cardinality of a first set of sub-sequences over an alphabet, each sub-sequence in the first set of sub-sequences having a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and having an energy equal to the integer in the range of non-negative integers; determining a plurality of cumulative sequence quantities, where each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities corresponds to a respective integer in the range of non-negative integers, each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities corresponding to a cardinality of a second set of sub-sequences over the alphabet, each sub-sequence in the second set of sub-sequences having a length equal to a difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and having an energy at most equal to a difference between the maximum sequence energy and the integer in the range of non-negative integers; partitioning the first interval into a plurality of sub-intervals based at least in part on the plurality of sequence quantities and the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities, each sub-interval in the plurality of sub-intervals corresponding to a respective sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities and a respective cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities; and determining the first integer is a member of a sub-interval in the plurality of sub-intervals based at least in part on identifying the first integer; and determining the prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on identifying the integer in the range of non-negative integers corresponding to the sub-interval.

[0163] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, determining the plurality of sequence quantities includes: approximating a logarithm of each sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities, and raising the logarithm of each sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities to a power.

[0164] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, determining the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities includes: approximating a logarithm of each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities, and raising the logarithm of each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities to a power.

[0165] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, generating the shifted first integer is based at least in part on the first integer, the plurality of sequence quantities, and the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities.

[0166] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the second integer is less than the sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities, and wherein the third integer is less than the cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities.

[0167] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the sequence of symbols has a length equal to the sequence length and has an energy at most equal to the energy threshold, and each element of the sequence of symbols is included in the alphabet.

[0168] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the sequence of symbols has a length equal to the sequence length and has an energy at most equal to the energy threshold, and each element of the sequence of symbols is included in the alphabet.

[0169] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the sequence length is a power of two, and the prefix subsequence length is a power of two.

[0170] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the plurality of information bits corresponds to a binary expansion of a first integer.

[0171] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the energy threshold is based at least in part on the sequence length and a normalized energy threshold.

[0172] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, performing the second encoding operation includes: determining a plurality of sub-subsequence energies based at least in part on the second integer, the prefix subsequence length, and the prefix subsequence energy; determining a plurality of integers based at least in part on the second plurality of sub-subsequence energies and the second integer, where each integer of the plurality of integers corresponds to a respective sub-subsequence energy of the second plurality of sub-subsequence energies; encoding each integer of the plurality of integers into a respective sub-subsequence of a plurality of sub-subsequences, where each sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences has an energy equal to the respective sub-subsequence energy of the sub-subsequence energies; and concatenating the plurality of sub-subsequences, where the prefix subsequence is based at least in part on the concatenation.

[0173] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, performing the third encoding operation includes: determining a plurality of sub-subsequence energies based at least in part on the third integer and the maximum suffix subsequence energy; determining a plurality of integers based at least in part on the plurality of sub-subsequence energies and the third integer, where each integer of the plurality of integers corresponds to a respective sub-subsequence energy of the third plurality of sub-subsequence energies; encoding each integer of the plurality of integers into a respective sub-subsequence of a plurality of sub-subsequences, where each sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences has an energy less than or equal to the respective sub-subsequence energy of the plurality of sub-subsequence energies; and concatenating the plurality of sub-subsequences, where the suffix subsequence is based at least in part on the concatenation.

[0174] Although Figure 10Example blocks of the process 900 are illustrated, but in some aspects, the process 900 can include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the process 900 can be performed in parallel. Figure 10

[0175] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, by a receiver device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the receiver device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110, or receiver device 820) performs operations associated with energy-based splitting and combining for communications based on probabilistic amplitude shaping.

[0176] As Figure 10 further shown, in some aspects, the process 1000 can include receiving a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits (block 1010). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using reception component 1202 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can receive a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits, as described above. Figure 12

[0177] As Figure 10 further shown, in some aspects, the process 1000 can include determining a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence based at least in part on the sequence of symbols (block 1020). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can determine a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence based at least in part on the sequence of symbols, as described above. Figure 12

[0178] As Figure 10 further shown, in some aspects, the process 1000 can include performing a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer (block 1030). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer, as described above. Figure 12

[0179] As Figure 10 further shown, in some aspects, the process 1000 can include performing a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer (block 1040). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can perform a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer, as described above. Figure 12

[0180] As Figure 10 ​​​​​Further, in some aspects, process 1000 can include performing a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, the sequence length, and the energy threshold (block 1050). In some aspects, the third decoding operation of process 1000 can include determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer (block 1052). In some aspects, the third decoding operation of process 1000 can include determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, the prefix subsequence energy, the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold (block 1054). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using the communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, and the third decoding operation including determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer, and determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, the prefix subsequence energy, the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, as described above. Figure 12 Further, in some aspects, process 1000 can include performing a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, the sequence length, and the energy threshold (block 1050). In some aspects, the third decoding operation of process 1000 can include determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer (block 1052). In some aspects, the third decoding operation of process 1000 can include determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, the prefix subsequence energy, the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold (block 1054). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using the communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, and the third decoding operation including determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer, and determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, the prefix subsequence energy, the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, as described above.

[0181] As described above, in some aspects, process 1000 can include performing a first decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the first decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, the sequence length, and the energy threshold (block 1040). In some aspects, the first decoding operation of process 1000 can include determining the third integer based at least in part on the first integer and the second integer (block 1042). In some aspects, the first decoding operation of process 1000 can include determining the third integer based at least in part on the first integer, the second integer, the prefix subsequence energy, the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold (block 1044). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using the communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can perform a first decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the first decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, and the first decoding operation including determining the third integer based at least in part on the first integer and the second integer, and determining the third integer based at least in part on the first integer, the second integer, the prefix subsequence energy, the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, as described above. Figure 10 Further, in some aspects, process 1000 can include recovering a plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer (block 1060). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using the communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can recover a plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer, as described above. Figure 10 Further, in some aspects, process 1000 can include recovering a plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer (block 1060). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using the communication manager 1206, depicted in FIG. 12) can recover a plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer, as described above.

[0182] Process 1000 can include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0183] In a first aspect, the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and has an energy equal to the prefix subsequence energy.

[0184] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first decoding operation is performed in parallel with performing the second decoding operation.

[0185] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the symbol sequence has a length equal to the sequence length and has an energy at most equal to the energy threshold, and each element of the symbol sequence is included in the alphabet.

[0186] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the sequence length is a power of 2, and the length of the prefix subsequence is a power of 2.

[0187] In the fifth aspect, determining the third integer of the shift, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, includes determining the third integer of the shift based at least in part on the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and the energy threshold.

[0188] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, process 1000 includes: determining the prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on the set of energies associated with the prefix subsequence.

[0189] although Figure 11 An example box of process 1000 is shown, but in some respects, process 1000 may include... Figure 1 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1000 may be executed in parallel.

[0190] Figure 8A to Figure 8B This is a diagram illustrating an example device 1100 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1100 may be a transmitter device, or a transmitter device may include device 1100. For example, device 1100 may be, may include, or may be included in: UE 120, network node 110, or transmitter device 810, etc. In some aspects, device 1100 includes a receiving component 1102, a transmitting component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is combined with... Figure 9 The described communication manager 140 / 150. As shown, device 1100 can communicate with another device 1108 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 1102 and transmitting component 1104.

[0191] In some respects, device 1100 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 11 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 2 The process 900. In some aspects, the device 1100 and / or Figure 11 One or more components shown may include combinations Figure 2 One or more components of the described transmitter device. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 2One or more components illustrated can be implemented in conjunction with Figure 2 implemented at least in part as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of the component) can be implemented in

[0192] The reception component 1102 can receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 can provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 can perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and can provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described with reference to FIG. 10. Figure 11 The reception component 1102 can receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 can provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 can perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and can provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0193] The transmission component 1104 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 can generate communications and can provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 can perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and can transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described with reference to FIG. 10. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 can be co-located with the reception component 1102 in a transceiver. Figure 11 The transmission component 1104 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 can generate communications and can provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 can perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and can transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described with reference to FIG. 10. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 can be co-located with the reception component 1102 in a transceiver.

[0194] The communication manager 1106 can support the operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 can receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 can generate control information and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0195] The reception component 1102 can receive a plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers. The communication manager 1106 can perform a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the first encoding operation including determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer, generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer, and determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy. The communication manager 1106 can perform a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence. The communication manager 1106 can perform a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence. The communication manager 1106 can generate a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence. The transmission component 1104 can transmit the symbol sequence for conveying the plurality of information bits. The communication manager 1106 can determine a maximum postfix subsequence energy based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the energy threshold.

[0196] Figure 11 The number and arrangement of components shown is provided as an example. In practice, there can be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown. Figure 11 than those shown. Additionally or alternatively, some of the example components described herein can be implemented as part of one or more other components not described herein or some combination of described and / or additional components. Further, the example components can be implemented or provided in combination with other components or features not specifically described herein. Figure 11 Two or more of the components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 11 A single component shown can be implemented in a number of different ways, e.g., such as the Figure 12 A set of one or more components shown can be configured to perform one or more functions described herein. Figure 1 Another set of components shown can be configured to perform one or more other functions described herein.

[0197] Figure 8A to Figure 8B is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 can be a receiver device, or a receiver device can include the apparatus 1200. For example, the apparatus 1200 can be, can include, or can be included within a UE 120, a network node 110, a receiver device 820, and / or the like. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which can communicate with one another via one or more buses and / or one or more other components. In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the same as or similar to the communication manager 1106, and / or the like. Figure 10The described communication manager 140 / 150. As shown, apparatus 1200 can include a reception component 1202 and a transmission component 1204, which can be in communication with one another. Apparatus 1200 can also include one or more other components in

[0198] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 can be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based on the reception component 1202 receiving information from another apparatus 1208 and the transmission component 1204 transmitting information to the other apparatus 1208. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 can be configured to perform one or more other operations described herein, such as Figure 12 one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components depicted in Figure 2 may include one or more components of the receiver device described in connection with Figure 12 may be implemented within one or more components of the apparatus 1200 described in connection with Figure 2 may be implemented at least in part as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of the component) can be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component. Figure 2 Figure 2 The reception component 1202 can receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 can provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 can perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and can provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the receiver device described in connection with

[0199] The transmission component 1204 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 can generate communications and can provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 can perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and can transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described in connection with Figure 12

[0200] The transmission component 1204 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 can generate communications and can provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 can perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and can transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmit processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described in connection with​​Figure 12 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described receiver device. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 can be co-located with the reception component 1202 in a transceiver.

[0201] The communication manager 1206 can support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 can receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 can generate control information and / or provide the control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0202] The reception component 1202 can receive a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits. The communication manager 1206 can determine a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence based at least in part on the sequence of symbols. The communication manager 1206 can perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer. The communication manager 1206 can perform a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer. The communication manager 1206 can perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold, and the third decoding operation including: determining a shifted third integer based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer; and determining the third integer based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold. The communication manager 1206 can recover the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

[0203] The communication manager 1206 can determine a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a set of energies associated with the prefix subsequence.

[0204] Figure 12 The number and arrangement of components shown is provided as an example. In practice, there can be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown. Figure 12 Additional components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown can be present in the apparatus. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 Two or more of the components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 12 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, ​ The group of one or more components shown can perform one or more functions described as being performed by ​ Another group of components shown can perform one or more functions described as being performed by

[0205] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the present disclosure:

[0206] Aspect 1 : A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter device, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of information bits, the plurality of information bits being associated with a set of integers; performing a first encoding operation on a first integer of the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold and comprising: determining a prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer; generating a shifted first integer based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the first integer; and determining a second integer and a third integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer and the prefix subsequence energy; performing a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence; performing a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a postfix subsequence; generating a symbol sequence based at least in part on the prefix subsequence and the postfix subsequence; and transmitting the symbol sequence for conveying the plurality of information bits.

[0207] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein determining the second integer and the third integer comprises: determining the second integer based at least in part on the shifted first integer, the prefix subsequence length, and the prefix subsequence energy; and determining the third integer based at least in part on the second integer, the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and the energy threshold.

[0208] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: determining a maximum postfix subsequence energy based at least in part on the prefix subsequence energy and the energy threshold.

[0209] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the maximum postfix subsequence energy is equal to a difference between the energy threshold and the prefix subsequence energy.

[0210] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and has an energy equal to the prefix subsequence energy.

[0211] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 3, wherein the postfix subsequence has a length equal to a difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and has an energy less than or equal to the maximum postfix subsequence energy.

[0212] Aspect 7: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 6, wherein performing the first encoding operation comprises: identifying a range of non-negative integers, wherein each integer in the range of non-negative integers comprises a candidate energy associated with the prefix subsequence energy; determining a plurality of sequence quantities, wherein: each sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities corresponds to a respective integer in the range of non-negative integers; a sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities corresponds to a cardinality of a first set of sub-sequences over the alphabet, each sub-sequence in the first set of sub-sequences having a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and having an energy equal to an integer in the range of non-negative integers; determining a plurality of cumulative sequence quantities, wherein: each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities corresponds to a respective integer in the range of non-negative integers; a cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities corresponds to a cardinality of a second set of sub-sequences over the alphabet, each sub-sequence in the second set of sub-sequences having a length equal to a difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and having an energy at most equal to a difference between a maximum sequence energy and the integer in the range of non-negative integers; dividing a first interval into a plurality of sub-intervals based at least in part on the plurality of sequence quantities and the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities, each sub-interval in the plurality of sub-intervals corresponding to a respective sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities and a respective cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities; and determining the first integer based at least in part on identifying that the first integer is a member of a sub-interval in the plurality of sub-intervals; and determining the prefix subsequence energy based at least in part on identifying the integer in the range of non-negative integers corresponding to the sub-interval.

[0213] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 7, wherein determining the plurality of sequence quantities comprises: approximating a logarithm of each sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities; and raising the logarithm of each sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities to a power.

[0214] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 7, wherein determining the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities comprises: approximating a logarithm of each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities; and raising the logarithm of each cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities to a power.

[0215] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 7, wherein generating the shifted first integer is based at least in part on the first integer, the plurality of sequence quantities, and the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities.

[0216] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 7, wherein the second integer is less than the sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities, and wherein the third integer is less than the cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities.

[0217] Aspect 12: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the second encoding operation is performed in parallel with performing the third encoding operation.

[0218] Aspect 13: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the sequence of symbols has a length equal to the sequence length and has an energy at most equal to the energy threshold, and wherein each element of the sequence of symbols is included in the alphabet.

[0219] Aspect 14: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the sequence length is a power of two, and further wherein the prefix subsequence length is a power of two.

[0220] Aspect 15: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 14, wherein the plurality of information bits correspond to a binary expansion of the first integer.

[0221] Aspect 16: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 15, wherein the energy threshold is based at least in part on the sequence length and a normalized energy threshold.

[0222] Aspect 17: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 16, wherein performing the second encoding operation comprises: determining a plurality of sub-subsequence energies based at least in part on the second integer, the prefix subsequence length, and the prefix subsequence energy; determining a plurality of integers based at least in part on the second plurality of sub-subsequence energies and the second integer, wherein each integer of the second plurality of integers corresponds to a respective sub-subsequence energy of the second plurality of sub-subsequence energies; encoding each integer of the plurality of integers into a respective sub-subsequence of a plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein each sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences has an energy equal to a respective sub-subsequence energy of the plurality of sub-subsequence energies; and concatenating the plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein the prefix subsequence is based at least in part on the concatenation.

[0223] Aspect 18: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 17, wherein performing the third encoding operation comprises: determining a plurality of sub-subsequence energies based at least in part on the third integer and the maximum suffix subsequence energy; determining a plurality of integers based at least in part on the plurality of sub-subsequence energies and the third integer, wherein each integer of the plurality of integers corresponds to a respective sub-subsequence energy of the third plurality of sub-subsequence energies; encoding each integer of the plurality of integers into a respective sub-subsequence of a plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein each sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences has an energy less than or equal to a respective sub-subsequence energy of the plurality of sub-subsequence energies; and concatenating the plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein the suffix subsequence is based at least in part on the concatenation.

[0224] Aspect 19: A method of wireless communication performed by a receiver device, comprising: receiving a sequence of symbols conveying a plurality of information bits; determining, based at least in part on the sequence of symbols, a prefix subsequence and a suffix subsequence; performing a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer; performing a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer; performing a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, a sequence length, and an energy threshold and comprising: determining, based at least in part on the second integer and the third integer, a shifted third integer; and determining, based at least in part on the shifted third integer, a prefix subsequence energy, a prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, the third integer; and recovering the plurality of information bits associated with a set of integers comprising the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

[0225] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, wherein the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the prefix subsequence length and has an energy equal to the prefix subsequence energy.

[0226] Aspect 21 : The method of any one of aspects 19 through 20, wherein the first decoding operation is performed in parallel with performing the second decoding operation.

[0227] Aspect 22: The method of any one of aspects 19 through 21, wherein the sequence of symbols has a length equal to the sequence length and has an energy less than or equal to the energy threshold, and wherein each element of the sequence of symbols is included in the alphabet.

[0228] Aspect 23: The method of any one of aspects 19 through 22, wherein the sequence length is a power of two, and further wherein the prefix subsequence length is a power of two.

[0229] Aspect 24: The method of any one of aspects 19 through 23, wherein determining the shifted third integer comprises: determining, based at least in part on the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and the energy threshold, the shifted third integer.

[0230] Aspect 25: The method of any one of aspects 19 through 24, further comprising: determining, based at least in part on a set of energies associated with the prefix subsequence, the prefix subsequence energy.

[0231] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-25.

[0232] Aspect 25: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-25.

[0233] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-25.

[0234] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-25.

[0235] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-25.

[0236] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible according to the disclosure above, or in light of the practicing of the aspects.

[0237] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, "software" should be interpreted broadly as meaning instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting in any way. Therefore, no specific software code is referenced herein to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed, at least in part, based on the descriptions herein, to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0238] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0239] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically set forth in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the set of claims. As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” in the list of items refers to any combination of these items (including a single member). As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiple of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0240] No element, act or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit any element, or the subject to which the term is applied, to a single instance, but rather, to one or more instances, unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “based on” is intended to be open-ended, and to mean “based, at least in part, on,” unless otherwise indicated. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be open-ended, and to mean “and / or,” unless otherwise indicated (e.g., if used in a list of elements, then the element can be any one of the elements in the list, or any combination of elements in the list).

Claims

1. A transmitter device for wireless communication, the transmitter device comprising: Memory; and One or more processors, said one or more processors being coupled to the memory and configured to: Receive multiple information bits, which are associated with a set of integers; A first encoding operation is performed on a first integer in the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, sequence length, and energy threshold, and in order to perform the first encoding operation, the one or more processors are configured to: The prefix subsequence energy is determined at least in part based on the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer. The first integer to be shifted is generated at least in part based on the energy of the prefix subsequence and the first integer. The second and third integers are determined at least in part based on the first integer of the shift and the energy of the prefix subsequence; Perform a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence; Perform a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a suffix subsequence; The symbol sequence is generated at least in part based on the prefix subsequence and the suffix subsequence; and Send the symbol sequence used to transmit the plurality of information bits.

2. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein, in order to determine the second integer and the third integer, the one or more processors are configured to: The second integer is determined at least in part based on the first integer of the shift, the length of the prefix subsequence, and the energy of the prefix subsequence; and The third integer is determined at least in part based on the second integer, the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and the energy threshold.

3. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The maximum suffix subsequence energy is determined at least in part based on the energy of the prefix subsequence and the energy threshold.

4. The transmitter device of claim 3, wherein the maximum suffix subsequence energy is equal to the difference between the energy threshold and the prefix subsequence energy.

5. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the length of the prefix subsequence and an energy equal to the energy of the prefix subsequence.

6. The transmitter device of claim 3, wherein the suffix subsequence has a length equal to the difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and has an energy less than or equal to the maximum suffix subsequence energy.

7. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein, in order to perform the first encoding operation, the one or more processors are configured to: Identify a range of non-negative integers, wherein each integer in the range includes a candidate energy associated with the energy of the prefix subsequence; Determine multiple sequence quantities, where: Each of the plurality of sequence quantities corresponds to a corresponding integer in the range of non-negative integers; The sequence quantity in the plurality of sequence quantities corresponds to the cardinality of the first subsequence set on the alphabet, each subsequence in the first subsequence set having a length equal to the length of the prefix subsequence and an energy equal to an integer in the range of non-negative integers; Determine multiple cumulative sequence quantities, where: Each of the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities corresponds to a corresponding integer in the range of non-negative integers; The cumulative sequence quantity in the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities corresponds to the cardinality of the second subsequence set on the alphabet, each subsequence in the second subsequence set having a length equal to the difference between the sequence length and the prefix subsequence length and having an energy at most equal to the difference between the maximum sequence energy and the integer in the range of non-negative integers; The first interval is divided into multiple sub-intervals based at least in part on the plurality of sequence quantities and the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities, each of the plurality of sub-intervals corresponding to a corresponding sequence quantity among the plurality of sequence quantities and a corresponding cumulative sequence quantity among the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities; and The sub-interval is determined at least in part based on the identifier that the first integer is a member of a sub-interval among the plurality of sub-intervals; and The prefix subsequence energy is determined at least in part based on the integer corresponding to the subinterval within the range of non-negative integers.

8. The transmitter device of claim 7, wherein, in order to determine the plurality of sequence quantities, the one or more processors are configured to: Approximate the logarithm of each of the plurality of sequence quantities; and The logarithm of each of the plurality of sequence quantities is raised to the power of the logarithm.

9. The transmitter device of claim 7, wherein, in order to determine the plurality of accumulated sequence quantities, the one or more processors are configured to: Approximate the logarithm of each of the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities; and The logarithm of each of the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities is raised to the power of the logarithm.

10. The transmitter device of claim 7, wherein the first integer for generating the shift is based at least in part on the first integer, the plurality of sequence quantities, and the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities.

11. The transmitter device of claim 7, wherein the second integer is less than the sequence quantity among the plurality of sequence quantities, and The third integer is less than the cumulative sequence quantity among the plurality of cumulative sequence quantities.

12. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the second encoding operation is performed in parallel with the execution of the third encoding operation.

13. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the symbol sequence has a length equal to the sequence length and an energy at most equal to the energy threshold, and wherein each element of the symbol sequence is included in the alphabet.

14. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the sequence length is a power of 2, and further wherein the prefix subsequence length is a power of 2.

15. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of information bits correspond to the binary expansion of the first integer.

16. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the energy threshold is based at least in part on the sequence length and the normalized energy threshold.

17. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein, in order to perform the second encoding operation, the one or more processors are configured to: The energies of multiple sub-subsequences are determined at least in part based on the second integer, the length of the prefix subsequence, and the energy of the prefix subsequence; A plurality of integers are determined at least in part based on the plurality of sub-subsequence energies and the second integer, wherein each of the plurality of integers corresponds to a corresponding sub-subsequence energy among the plurality of sub-subsequence energies; Each of the plurality of integers is encoded into a corresponding sub-subsequence of a plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein each sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences has an energy equal to the energy of the corresponding sub-subsequence in the sub-subsequence energy; as well as The plurality of subsequences are concatenated, wherein the prefix subsequences are at least partially based on the concatenation.

18. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein, in order to perform the third encoding operation, the one or more processors are configured to: The energies of multiple sub-subsequences are determined at least in part based on the third integer and the energy of the largest suffix subsequence; A plurality of integers are determined at least in part based on the plurality of sub-subsequence energies and the third integer, wherein each of the plurality of integers corresponds to a corresponding sub-subsequence energy among the plurality of sub-subsequence energies; Each of the plurality of integers is encoded into a corresponding sub-subsequence of a plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein each sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences has an energy less than or equal to the energy of the corresponding sub-subsequence of the plurality of sub-subsequences; as well as The plurality of subsequences are concatenated, wherein the suffix subsequences are at least partially based on the concatenation.

19. A receiver device for wireless communication, the receiver device comprising: Memory; and One or more processors, said one or more processors being coupled to the memory and configured to: Receives a sequence of symbols that transmits multiple bits of information; The prefix and suffix subsequences are determined at least in part based on the symbol sequence; Perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer; Perform a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer; A third decoding operation is performed on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with an alphabet, sequence length, and energy threshold, and in order to perform the third decoding operation, the one or more processors are configured to: The third integer for shifting is determined at least in part based on the second integer and the third integer, and The third integer is determined at least in part based on the third integer of the shift, the energy of the prefix subsequence, the length of the prefix subsequence, the sequence length, and the energy threshold; as well as Recover the plurality of information bits associated with the set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

20. The receiver device of claim 19, wherein the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the length of the prefix subsequence and an energy equal to the energy of the prefix subsequence.

21. The receiver device of claim 19, wherein the first decoding operation is performed in parallel with the execution of the second decoding operation.

22. The receiver device of claim 19, wherein the symbol sequence has a length equal to the sequence length and an energy less than or equal to the energy threshold, and wherein each element of the symbol sequence is included in the alphabet.

23. The receiver device of claim 19, wherein the sequence length is a power of 2, and further wherein the prefix subsequence length is a power of 2.

24. The receiver device of claim 19, wherein, in order to determine the third integer of the shift, the one or more processors are configured to: The third integer of the shift is determined at least in part based on the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and the energy threshold.

25. The receiver device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The energy of the prefix subsequence is determined at least in part based on the set of energies associated with the prefix subsequence.

26. A method for wireless communication performed by a transmitter device, the method comprising: Receive multiple information bits, which are associated with a set of integers; Perform a first encoding operation on a first integer in the set of integers, the first encoding operation being associated with an alphabet, sequence length, and energy threshold and including: The prefix subsequence energy is determined at least in part based on the prefix subsequence length, the sequence length, the energy threshold, and the first integer. The first integer to be shifted is generated at least in part based on the energy of the prefix subsequence and the first integer. The second and third integers are determined at least in part based on the first integer of the shift and the energy of the prefix subsequence; Perform a second encoding operation on the second integer to generate a prefix subsequence; Perform a third encoding operation on the third integer to generate a suffix subsequence; The symbol sequence is generated at least in part based on the prefix subsequence and the suffix subsequence; and Send the symbol sequence used to transmit the plurality of information bits.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the second integer and the third integer comprises: The second integer is determined at least in part based on the first integer of the shift, the length of the prefix subsequence, and the energy of the prefix subsequence; as well as The third integer is determined at least in part based on the second integer, the prefix subsequence length, the prefix subsequence energy, the sequence length, and the energy threshold.

28. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: The maximum suffix subsequence energy is determined at least in part based on the energy of the prefix subsequence and the energy threshold.

29. A method for wireless communication performed by a receiver device, the method comprising: Receives a sequence of symbols that transmits multiple bits of information; The prefix and suffix subsequences are determined at least in part based on the symbol sequence; Perform a first decoding operation on the prefix subsequence to determine a first integer; Perform a second decoding operation on the suffix subsequence to determine a second integer; Perform a third decoding operation on the first integer and the second integer to determine a third integer, the third decoding operation being associated with the alphabet, sequence length, and energy threshold and including: The third integer for shifting is determined at least in part based on the second integer and the third integer, and The third integer is determined at least in part based on the third integer of the shift, the energy of the prefix subsequence, the length of the prefix subsequence, the sequence length, and the energy threshold; as well as Recover the plurality of information bits associated with the set of integers, the set of integers including the first integer, the second integer, and the third integer.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the prefix subsequence has a length equal to the length of the prefix subsequence and an energy equal to the energy of the prefix subsequence.

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