Walnut crossbreeding device and method capable of resisting diseases and insect pests
By using the rubber rings, magnetic components, and air pump system of the walnut hybridization breeding device, efficient collection and pollination of walnut pollen were achieved, solving the problem of insufficient pollen in walnut hybridization breeding and improving breeding efficiency and fruit yield.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511263872.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
In walnut hybridization breeding, natural pollination is inefficient, while artificial pollination is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and can easily lead to insufficient pollen, affecting fruit yield.
A walnut hybridization breeding device resistant to diseases and pests is used. The stamens are fixed by rubber rings and magnetic components. Pollen is collected by negative pressure from an air pump and shaking of an arc plate. The pollen is then sprayed by positive pressure from an air pump, achieving efficient pollen collection and pollination.
It improves pollen collection and pollination efficiency, reduces labor costs, lowers the risk of pest and disease transmission, and increases fruit yield and pollination success rate.
Smart Images
Figure CN120898718A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the walnut planting technical field, and specifically relates to a disease and pest resistant walnut cross breeding device and method. BACKGROUND
[0002] The walnut cross breeding refers to a breeding method for cultivating new varieties with higher economic value or stronger adaptability by controlling pollination, performing sexual hybridization of different varieties or types of walnuts (Juglans spp.), and combining excellent traits of parents.
[0003] In the walnut cross breeding process, the pollination process of plants is completed by using natural pollination method, through insects such as bees and butterflies to spread pollen. Although this pollination method is simple and easy to implement, the efficiency of natural pollination is low, and the situation of insufficient pollen is prone to occur, resulting in low yield of walnut fruits. To solve this problem, the existing artificial direct pollination method uses a brush or a sterile cotton swab to dip the pollen of the male parent, and lightly coats it on the female flower stigma (mucus secretion period) of the female parent. Through artificial pollination, the amount of pollen is precisely controlled, and the utilization rate of pollen is improved.
[0004] In the actual implementation process, although the artificial direct pollination can improve the utilization rate of pollen and realize precise pollination, in the cross breeding process, there are many types and quantities of walnuts. The pollen collection and coating work on each flower is performed one by one by using cotton swab by artificial, which consumes a large amount of manpower and time, thereby reducing the efficiency of artificial pollination.
[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a disease and pest resistant walnut cross breeding device and method to solve the above problems. SUMMARY
[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a disease and pest resistant walnut cross breeding device and method. The stamens are fixed in the ball by opening and closing the rubber ring, the pollen on the stamens of the same branch is shaken off and collected at the same time by using the arc plate, the pollen of each flower is collected one by one by using the cotton swab is avoided, the ball is inflated by the air pump, the pollen is sprayed on the female flower stigma, the time for artificial pollen collection and pollination is shortened, and the efficiency is improved.
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a walnut hybrid breeding device and method capable of resisting diseases and pests, comprising a cylinder, a spherical body fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder, an air pump arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, a controller signal-connected to the input end of the air pump, a fixing ring fixedly connected to the top of the spherical body, an elastic ring fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the fixing ring along the circumference thereof, a rubber ring fixedly connected to the top of the elastic ring, a plurality of magnetic force assemblies arranged between the rubber ring and the fixing ring for controlling the opening size of the rubber ring by magnetic force, the magnetic force assemblies being signal-connected to the controller, a plurality of arc plates arranged along the inner wall of the spherical body in the circumferential direction, second magnets fixedly connected to the top of each of the arc plates, and a plurality of shaking assemblies arranged between the inner wall of the spherical body and the arc plates for continuously shaking the arc plates corresponding to the shaking assemblies.
[0008] The technical principle of the above scheme is as follows: the opening diameter of the rubber ring is controlled by the magnetic force assembly, then the pistil is placed in the spherical body by moving the spherical body, the opening of the rubber ring is adjusted to be fitted with the stalk by controlling the magnetic force assembly, the pistil is subjected to suction force generated by the air pump negative pressure, at the same time, the arc plate is shaken due to the imbalance between the magnetic attraction force and the air pump suction force in the opposite direction, and the shaking assembly keeps the arc plate in a state of force imbalance to continuously shake, so that the pollen on the pistil is shaken off, and the pollen is collected in the spherical body; the opening diameter of the rubber ring is controlled by the magnetic force assembly, the pistil of the male flower is taken out, then the opening of the rubber ring is aligned with the stigma of the female flower, the inside of the spherical body is inflated by the air pump controlled by the controller, and the pollen in the spherical body is sprayed on the stigma of the female flower to complete pollination.
[0009] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the present scheme shakes the flowers placed in the spherical body to take pollen by the imbalance between the magnetic force and the pump suction force, and the air pump suction force assists in taking pollen, compared with the traditional pollen taking efficiency of the pistil of the Mei flower, the pollen of the pistil on one branch can be taken at the same time, thereby the pollen taking efficiency is doubled, and the labor consumption is reduced.
[0010] The present scheme inflates the spherical body by the air pump positive pressure, sprays the pollen in the spherical body on the stigma of at least one branch of the female flower, and makes the arc plate imbalance by the repulsion force of the magnetic force assembly and the air pump positive pressure in the opposite direction, shakes the pollen adhered to the inner wall of the spherical body by the arc plate, and then assists the air pump to spray the pollen, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pollen, and improving the pollination efficiency compared with the traditional manual use of cotton swab to smear the pistil one by one.
[0011] Further, the magnetic force assembly comprises an electromagnet and a corresponding first magnet, the input end of the electromagnet is signal-connected to the output end of the controller, the electromagnet and the first magnet are fixedly connected to the fixing ring and the rubber ring respectively, and the first spring is arranged between the electromagnet and the corresponding first magnet, and the two ends of the first spring are fixedly connected to the electromagnet and the corresponding first magnet respectively.
[0012] Beneficial effect: by controlling the energization of the electromagnet, and then controlling the distance between the first magnet and the electromagnet, the opening size of the rubber ring is controlled.
[0013] Further, the shaking assembly each comprises a plurality of second springs, the second springs are each arranged between the arc plate and the ball, and two ends of each second spring are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the ball and the arc plate respectively.
[0014] Beneficial effect: by the design of the arc plate and the second spring, the arc plate is limited in the ball and can be displaced, so as to shake the style by the displacement of the arc plate.
[0015] Further, the fixing ring is detachably connected with a grid plate.
[0016] Beneficial effect: by the design of the grid plate, when the pollen is sprayed, the pollen is sprayed onto the stigma through the grid plate, so that the pollen spraying is more uniform.
[0017] Further, the bottom plate is detachably connected with the bottom of the cylinder.
[0018] Beneficial effect: by the design of the bottom plate, when the walnut pollination is completed, another variety of walnut needs to be pollinated, the bottom plate can be detached, and the ball and the cylinder are cleaned, so as to reduce the error caused by the cross use of different varieties of pollen in the pollination process.
[0019] Further, the switch is fixedly connected with one side of the outer wall of the cylinder, and an output end of the switch is electrically connected with an input end of the controller.
[0020] Beneficial effect: by the design of the switch, the energization state of the electromagnet is controlled, so that the opening of the rubber ring is controlled.
[0021] Further, the filter plate is fixedly connected with the middle part of the cylinder, and a plurality of micropores are arranged on the filter plate, and the diameters of the micropores are all 40 microns.
[0022] Beneficial effect: by the design of the micropore filter plate, when the air pump is running, the airflow can enter the cylinder and the ball through the micropores, and the collected pollen cannot enter the air pump through the micropores, so as to prevent the air pump from being blocked by the pollen.
[0023] Further, the connecting cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom of the bottom plate, and the extension rod is detachably connected in the connecting cylinder.
[0024] Beneficial effect: by the design of the connecting cylinder and the extension rod, when the pollen taking and pollination height is too high, the extension rod can be installed on the connecting cylinder, so as to prolong the operation distance of the staff.
[0025] Further, the walnut hybrid breeding method against diseases and pests is based on the structure of the walnut hybrid breeding device against diseases and pests in any one of claims 1-9 and is operated, and comprises the following steps.
[0026] S1: placing flowers: moving the ball to place the male flower stamen in the ball, turning on the switch, and the magnetic assembly controlling the rubber ring opening to be reduced to fit the peduncle;
[0027] S2: collecting pollen: controlling the air pump to input negative pressure, and using the negative pressure suction force and the force imbalance of the arc plate to realize shaking to shake off and collect the pollen on the male flower stamen;
[0028] S3: taking out the flower: controlling the magnetic assembly to make the rubber ring close to and away from the fixed ring and the peduncle, and moving the ball to take out the male flower stamen;
[0029] S4: spraying pollination: adjusting the rubber ring through the magnetic assembly to control the caliber, aligning the rubber ring opening with the female flower stigma, and spraying through the air pump to generate positive pressure to complete pollination.
[0030] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: the scheme changes the magnetism by the energized state of the electromagnet, so that the electromagnet and the first magnet approach and move away from each other due to the change of magnetic force, thereby controlling the opening of the rubber ring, putting the male flower stamen into the ball, and providing suction force through the air pump to suck the pollen, and shaking the stamen through the displacement of the arc plate to assist in taking the pollen; after taking the pollen, the opening of the rubber ring is aligned with the female flower stigma, and the collected pollen is sprayed onto the female flower stigma through the air pump to complete pollination.
[0031] Further, the negative pressure in step S2 is-3kPa to-8kPa, and the positive pressure in step S4 is+2kPa to+5kPa.
[0032] Beneficial effects: by limiting the pressure range of the positive pressure and the negative pressure, the pressure of the air pump is within a safe range that does not harm the stamen, and the pollen transfer efficiency is improved within the safe range.
[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be described in part in the following description, some of which will become apparent, or will be learned by practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the walnut hybrid breeding method against diseases and pests;
[0035] Figure 2 It is an overall isometric view of the walnut hybrid breeding device against diseases and pests;
[0036] Figure 3It is a forward sectional view of the walnut hybrid breeding device for resisting diseases and pests according to the present application;
[0037] Figure 4 It is a fixed ring horizontal sectional view of the walnut hybrid breeding device for resisting diseases and pests according to the present application.
[0038] The reference signs in the drawings of the specification include: 1, cylinder; 2, sphere; 3, fixed ring; 4, elastic ring; 5, rubber ring; 6, electromagnet; 7, first spring; 8, first magnet; 9, arc plate; 10, second spring; 11, air pump; 12, bottom plate; 13, filter plate; 14, connecting cylinder; 15, switch; 16, second magnet; 17, elastic ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0040] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0042] The specific embodiments will be described in detail below:
[0043] Embodiment 1:
[0044] As shown in the drawings Figure 2As shown: a walnut hybrid breeding device against diseases and pests, including cylinder 1, cylinder 1 top welding for collecting pollen of the ball 2, cylinder 1 bottom detachable connection with the bottom plate 12 to facilitate cleaning ball 2 and cylinder 1 inside, and the bottom plate 12 bottom welding with connecting cylinder 14, connecting cylinder 14 detachable connection with the extension rod; Since artificial pollination needs to dip pollen on each female flower stigma after each male flower stamen, this method of collecting and applying pollen is very time-consuming and labor-intensive, so by placing the male flower stamen in the ball 2, the pollen is collected in the ball 2, but during the collection process, the pollen may be blown out of the ball 2 hole, resulting in loss of pollen, in order to reduce the loss of pollen and improve the efficiency of collecting pollen, such as attached Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the top of the ball 2 is welded with a fixed ring 3, the inner bottom wall of the fixed ring 3 is fixedly connected with an elastic ring 4 along its circumference by adhesive, the top of the elastic ring 4 is fixedly connected with a rubber ring 5 by adhesive, and a plurality of control components for controlling the opening size of the rubber ring 5 are arranged between the rubber ring 5 and the fixed ring 3; wherein the control components each include an electromagnet 6 and a corresponding first magnet 8, the input end of the electromagnet 6 is signal connected with the output end of the controller, the electromagnet 6 is welded with the inner wall of the fixed ring 3, and the first magnet 8 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the rubber ring 5 by adhesive, and a first spring 7 is arranged between the electromagnet 6 and the corresponding first magnet 8, the two ends of the first spring 7 are welded with the electromagnet 6 and the corresponding first magnet 8 respectively; and a switch 15 for controlling the energization of the electromagnet 6 is welded on one side of the outer wall of the cylinder 1.
[0045] When the male flower stamen is placed in the ball 2 and the opening of the rubber ring 5 is closed, the pollen collected by relying on natural pollen shedding is less, in order to improve the efficiency of pollen collection, such as attached Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the cylinder 1 is communicated with an air pump 11 on one side, the input end of the air pump 11 is signal connected with a controller, a plurality of arc plates 9 are arranged in the ball 2 along the inner wall thereof, the top of each arc plate is welded with a second magnet 16, a plurality of shaking components corresponding to the arc plates 9 for continuously shaking the arc plates 9 are arranged between the inner wall of the ball 2 and the arc plates 9, in order to prevent the pollen from being sucked into the air pump 11 when the air pump 11 inhales, causing the air pump 11 to be blocked, a filter plate 13 is welded in the middle of the cylinder 1, a plurality of micropores are arranged on the filter plate 13, and the diameters of the micropores are all 40μm; wherein the shaking components each include a plurality of second springs 10, the two ends of the second spring 10 are welded with the inner wall of the ball 2 and the arc plate 9 respectively, and a plurality of elastic balls 17 are fixedly connected with the arc plate 9 on the side close to the inner wall of the ball 2 by adhesive. When the controller controls the electromagnet 6 and the corresponding first magnet 8 to have the same magnetic pole on the side close to each other, the electromagnet 6 and the second magnet 16 have opposite magnetic poles on the side close to each other at this time; when the controller controls the electromagnet 6 and the corresponding first magnet 8 to have opposite magnetic poles on the side close to each other, the electromagnet 6 and the second magnet 16 have the same magnetic pole on the side close to each other at this time; in order to prevent the sprayed pollen from not being uniformly sprayed out, a grid plate is detachably connected with the fixed ring.
[0046] The specific implementation process is as follows: before crossbreeding of walnuts, the pistil of the female flower of the walnut needs to be pollinated first. First, the male flower stamen is placed inside the sphere 2 through the rubber ring 5, the switch 15 is started, the electromagnet 6 is changed in magnetism by the controller, the electromagnet 6 and the corresponding first magnet 8 are close to each other on the same side of the magnetic pole, so that the first magnet 8 is repelled by the magnetic force and gathered to the side of the center of the fixed ring 3, and at the same time, the first spring 7 is pulled, so that the rubber ring 5 is contracted to the side of the center of the fixed ring 3, until the inner wall of the rubber ring 5 is close to the male flower peduncle, the male flower stamen is closed in the sphere 2, and the overflow of pollen out of the sphere 2 is prevented, thereby reducing the collection efficiency of pollen.
[0047] After the male flower stamen is placed inside the sphere 2, the controller controls the air pump 11 to generate negative pressure inside the sphere 2, and at the same time, the air pump 11 sucks the pollen, the negative pressure of the air pump 11 causes the arc plate 9 to be subjected to downward suction force, at this time, the first magnet 8 and the electromagnet 6 are opposite to each other on the same side of the magnetic pole, so that there is magnetic attraction force between the first magnet 8 and the electromagnet 6, and the arc plate 9 is subjected to upward magnetic attraction force, and the first magnet 8 is fixed by repulsive force of the electromagnet 6, the second magnet 16 and the arc plate 9 are connected to the inner wall of the sphere 2 by the second spring 10, at this time, the arc plate 9 simultaneously receives upward magnetic attraction force and downward air pump 11 suction force, and the magnetic attraction force and the air pump 11 suction force are inconsistent, the arc plate 9 cannot reach a balanced state, and the arc plate 9 shakes, and the elastic ball 16 on the arc plate 9 continuously generates rebound force in contact with the inner wall of the sphere 2 in the shaking process, so that the magnetic attraction force and the air pump 11 suction force acting on the arc plate 9 cannot reach a balanced state, thereby enabling the arc plate 9 to continuously shake, and when the arc plate 9 is in contact with the stamen through shaking, the action of shaking the stamen by a person can be simulated, so that the pollen is shaken off and collected in the sphere 2, and at the same time, the slight shaking of the arc plate 9 can reduce the collision with the flower, thereby reducing the damage to the flower, and since the particle size and weight of impurities on the stamen are higher than those of the pollen, the slight shaking can ensure that the pollen is shaken off while avoiding the impurities on the stamen from being shaken off; during the collection of the pollen, since the diameter range of the pollen of the Liangshan hickory nut is 42-50 μm, and the diameter range of the pollen of the ordinary walnut is 41-52 μm, the filter plate 13 (the filter hole is 40 μm) in the middle of the cylinder 1 can prevent the pollen from passing through the filter plate 13 and entering the air pump 11, thereby preventing the air pump 11 from being blocked.
[0048] After the pollen of the male flower pistil is collected, the controller controls the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 8 to be close to each other with opposite magnetic poles on one side, so as to generate magnetic attraction to the first magnet 8, thereby driving the first magnet 8 to move towards the fixed ring 3 on one side, so as to stretch the rubber ring 5 through the displacement of the first magnet 8, so that the rubber ring 5 moves towards the fixed ring 3, and then the ball 2 is moved to take out the male flower pistil, and the air pump 11 is closed; then the pistil stigma is sprayed with pollen for pollination, and when the Liangshan walnut Lianglin 119, Mianning purple kernel, Xiangsu No. 1, Lifeng purple kernel, Jinling No. 1 and Ziyue varieties are pollinated, because the stigma structure of the above-mentioned varieties is open and the mucus secretion is vigorous, the opening of the rubber ring 5 is aligned with the female flower stigma, and the controller controls the air pump 11 to generate positive pressure inside the ball 2 to inflate, the airflow generated by the air pump 11 inflating the ball 2 causes the arc plate 9 to displace upwards, and at this time the first magnet 8 and the electromagnet 6 have the same magnetic pole on one side, so that the arc plate 9 is subjected to repulsion by the magnetic repulsion between the first magnet 8 and the electromagnet 6, and the arc plate 9 starts to shake due to the imbalance of the repulsion in opposite directions and the thrust of the airflow, and the arc plate 9 is continuously shaken by the elastic ball 16, and the pollen accumulated in the ball 2 and attached to the inner wall of the ball 2 can be shaken away through the shaking of the arc plate 9, so that the pollen can be uniformly sprayed, improving the pollination efficiency, and at the same time the first magnet 8 is attracted to the second magnet 16 by magnetic force, thereby moving towards the inner wall of the fixed ring 3, thereby increasing the opening of the rubber ring 5 to facilitate the spraying of pollen, and increasing the stability of the opening of the rubber ring 5;
[0049] When the Liangshan walnut, Leixi and Xiluo early nuclear varieties are pollinated, because the stigma of the above-mentioned varieties is small and straight, it is necessary to ensure that the pollen can be attached to the stigma, for such varieties, the female flower stigma is placed inside the ball 2, and the switch 15 is turned on to electrify the electromagnet 6, so that the opening of the rubber ring 5 is reduced by the repulsion between the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 8, thereby sealing the female flower stigma inside the ball 2, then the air pump 11 is turned on to inflate the ball 2, and the pollen is uniformly sprayed by shaking the arc plate 9, and the pollen is sprayed by sealing the female flower stigma inside the ball 2, so that the stigma can be more fully contacted with the pollen, improving the utilization rate of the pollen;
[0050] And for the Liangshan walnut, such as Daliangshan purple Yi late-maturing No. 2, Bailong No. 1, Meigu large bubble, Daliangshan purple Yi early-maturing No. 1, Kangwu No. 1 and Lada purple kernel varieties, because the stigma of the above-mentioned varieties is hidden and the mucus secretion is short, the part covered by the bract of the stigma needs to be opened before the pollen is sprayed, and then it is sprayed accurately and on time during the pollination period of the stigma;
[0051] The design of the electromagnet 6, the first magnet 8 and the rubber ring 5 can reduce the contact of the pollen with the outside world, thereby reducing the risk of infection of pests; and through the cooperation of the negative pressure of the air pump 11 and the arc plate 9, the pollen of the same branch head can be taken at the same time, compared with the traditional manual pollen taking one by one, the pollen collection time is shortened, and the pollen collection efficiency is improved; when the pollen is sprayed, through the cooperation of the positive pressure of the air pump 11 and the arc plate 9, the pollen in the sphere 2 can be sprayed out, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pollen and the pollination efficiency.
[0052] When the female flower of hybrid breeding is in the flowering period, the pollen of the male flower can be directly sprayed to the corresponding female flower stigma; when the female flower of hybrid breeding is earlier or later, the collected pollen of the male flower can be collected in a closed storage container, and when the female flower is in the flowering period, the pollen is placed in the sphere 2, and the pollen is sprayed by the positive pressure of the air pump 11.
[0053] Embodiment 2:
[0054] As shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 1 A walnut hybrid breeding method for resisting pests and diseases comprises the following steps:
[0055] S1: placing the flower: turning on the switch 15, the controller controls the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 8 to have the same magnetic pole on the side close to each other, and the magnetic repulsion principle of the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 8 makes the opening of the rubber ring 5 shrink to fit the peduncle, so that the pistil is closed in the sphere 2.
[0056] S2: collecting pollen: the controller controls the air pump 11 to generate a negative pressure of-3kPa to-8kPa to inhale the sphere, and the negative pressure of the air pump 11 and the magnetic attraction force between the electromagnet 6 and the second magnet 16 make the arc plate 9 vibrate due to the unbalanced force, so that the pollen on the male flower pistil is shaken off and collected.
[0057] S3: taking out the flower: after the pollen collection is completed, the controller controls the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 8 to have opposite magnetic poles on the side close to each other, and the magnetic attraction force between the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 8 makes the first magnet 8 close to the electromagnet 6, thereby driving the rubber ring 5 to close to the fixed ring 3, and then moving the sphere 2 to take out the male flower pistil.
[0058] S4: spraying pollination: when the female flower stigma needs to be pollinated, the controller controls the air pump 11 to generate a positive pressure of +2kPa to +5kPa in the sphere 2 to spray the collected pollen in the sphere 2 to the female flower stigma, and the arc plate 9 vibrates due to the unbalanced magnetic repulsion force and the positive pressure of the air pump in the opposite direction, thereby assisting the spraying of the pollen and completing the pollination.
[0059] The closed structure of the ball 2 collects and sprays the pollen, reduces the pathogen transmission caused by artificial contact with the pollen, sprays the pollen by using the positive pressure of the air pump 11, avoids cross infection in the traditional cotton swab pollination process, and is detachable to facilitate cleaning and prevent cross infection of pests and diseases caused by residual pollen of different varieties.
[0060] According to the above-mentioned walnut hybrid breeding device and the traditional hybrid breeding device, the specific experiment is as follows:
[0061] Purpose of the experiment: compare the operation efficiency of the device and the traditional artificial pollination, evaluate the influence of the device on the pollen collection rate and the pollination success rate, and verify the adaptability of the device to different walnut varieties.
[0062] Experimental materials:
[0063] Test walnut varieties: male flowers: Lianglin 119; female flowers: Mianing Zili, Lei Xi (representing different types of stigma)
[0064] Experimental group patent device (according to Figures 2-4 structure)
[0065] Control group: traditional cotton swab artificial pollination
[0066] Number of repetitions: 50 female flowers for each treatment, repeated 3 times
[0067] Detection equipment: electronic timer, electronic balance (accuracy 0.1 mg)
[0068] Experimental steps:
[0069] 1. Pollen collection stage:
[0070] Device group:
[0071] Turn on the switch to open the rubber ring, put the stamen into the ball
[0072] Close the rubber ring to fix the peduncle, start the air pump to inhale (-5 kPa) and vibrate the arc plate for 30 seconds
[0073] Weigh the pollen collected in the ball
[0074] Manual group: weigh the same amount of stamen pollen with a cotton swab
[0075] 2. Pollination stage:
[0076] Device group: align the pistil stigma, air pump inflation (+3 kPa) spray 3 seconds
[0077] Manual group: cotton swab dipped in an equal amount of pollen to smear the stigma
[0078] 3. Data recording:
[0079] Record the time of single flower pollination operation
[0080] Record the fruit setting rate after 7 days of pollination
[0081] Record the incidence of fruit diseases and insect pests at the mature stage
[0082] Experimental data:
[0083] Table 1: Comparison of operation efficiency (unit: seconds / petal)
[0084] Group Pollen collection time Pollination operation time Total time spent Device group 11.1±1.6 4.1±0.9 15.2±2.1 Manual group 29.7±3.2 19.4±2.6 49.1±4.7
[0085] Table 2: Comparison of pollination effect
[0086]
[0087] Experimental conclusion
[0088] Efficiency advantage:
[0089] The device reduces the total time of single flower pollination by 70.1% (p<0.01), mainly saving the time of pollen collection. The efficiency of air pump spraying is 3 times higher than that of cotton swab smearing
[0090] Effect improvement:
[0091] The pollen collection rate is increased by 16.6%-18.5% (p<0.05) due to the reduction of dispersion caused by the closed sphere
[0092] The fruit setting rate is increased by 13.75% at most (Leixi variety), because the pollen is sprayed more evenly by the vibration of the arc plate
[0093] Disease resistance performance:
[0094] The incidence of diseases is reduced by an average of 10.7% due to the reduction of pathogen transmission caused by air pump reducing human contact
[0095] Variety adaptability:
[0096] The best effect is obtained on open stigma varieties (Mianning purple core)
[0097] For small stigma varieties (Leixi), manual assistance is needed, but it is still significantly better than pure manual operation
[0098] Obviously, the above examples are only examples for the sake of clarity, and are not limiting of the embodiments. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary or possible to exhaust all embodiments. The obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A walnut hybrid breeding device against diseases and pests, comprising a barrel (1), characterized in that: The cylinder (1) top fixedly connected with the ball (2), the cylinder (1) bottom is equipped with the air pump (11), the air pump (11) input signal connection has the controller, the ball (2) top fixedly connected with the fixed ring (3), the fixed ring (3) inner bottom wall along its circumferential fixedly connected with the elastic ring (4), the elastic ring (4) top fixedly connected with the rubber ring (5), the rubber ring (5) and the fixed ring (3) between be equipped with a plurality of through the magnetic force control rubber ring (5) opening size's magnetic force subassembly, the magnetic force subassembly with the controller signal connection, the ball (2) along its inner wall circumferential be equipped with a plurality of arc plate (9), the arc plate (9) top all fixedly connected with the second magnet (16), the ball (2) inner wall and the arc plate (9) between be equipped with a plurality of with the arc plate (9) corresponding for make the arc plate (9) continuously shake the shaking subassembly; The controller is used for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure of the air pump (11) and the magnetic force change of the magnetic force subassembly, so that the arc plate (9) is unbalanced and moves, the pollen is collected and pollinated.
2. The device for crossbreeding of walnut against diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic force subassembly all includes the electromagnet (6) and corresponding first magnet (8), the electromagnet (6) input all with the controller output signal connection, the electromagnet (6) and first magnet (8) are fixedly connected with the fixed ring (3) and rubber ring (5) respectively, the electromagnet (6) and corresponding first magnet (8) all are equipped with the first spring (7), the two ends of the first spring (7) are fixedly connected with the electromagnet (6) and corresponding first magnet (8) respectively.
3. The device for crossbreeding of walnut against diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaking subassembly all includes a plurality of second springs (10), the second spring (10) all are arranged between the arc plate (9) and the ball (2), the two ends of the second spring (10) are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the ball (2) and the arc plate (9) respectively, the arc plate (9) is fixedly connected with a plurality of elastic balls (17) on the side close to the inner wall of the ball (2).
4. The device for crossbreeding of walnut against diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed ring (3) is detachably connected with the grid plate.
5. The disease and pest resistant walnut hybridization breeding apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The bottom plate (12) is detachably connected with the bottom plate (12).
6. The device for crossbreeding of walnut against diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch (15) is fixedly connected on one side of the outer wall of the cylinder (1), and the output end of the switch (15) is electrically connected with the input end of the controller.
7. The disease and pest resistant walnut hybridization breeding apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The filter plate (13) is fixedly connected in the middle of the cylinder (1), and a plurality of micropores are arranged on the filter plate (13), and the diameters of the micropores are all 40 μm.
8. The disease and pest resistant walnut hybridization breeding apparatus of claim 8, wherein: The bottom plate (12) is fixedly connected with the connecting cylinder (14), and the extension rod is detachably connected in the connecting cylinder (14).
9. A method for crossbreeding of disease and pest resistant walnut based on the structure of the device for crossbreeding of disease and pest resistant walnut according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: placing flowers: moving the ball (2) to place the male flower stamen in the ball (2), turning on the switch (15), controlling the magnetic force subassembly to adjust the opening of the rubber ring (5) to fit the handle; S2: collecting pollen: controlling the air pump (11) to input negative pressure, using the negative pressure suction force and the magnetic attraction force to make the arc plate (9) unbalanced and shake, and shake off the pollen on the male flower stamen to collect; S3: taking out the flower: controlling the magnetic force subassembly to make the rubber ring (5) close to and away from the handle of the fixed ring (3), and moving the ball (2) to take out the male flower stamen; S4: spraying pollination: adjusting the rubber ring (5) by the magnetic force subassembly to control the caliber, aligning the rubber ring (5) opening with the female flower stigma, and spraying by the air pump (11) to generate positive pressure, completing the pollination.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is a method of breeding disease- and pest-resistant walnut hybrids. The negative pressure in step S2 is -3 kPa to -8 kPa, and the positive pressure in step S4 is +2 kPa to +5 kPa.