Vertical machining center for turning metal part products

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal part product turning vertical machining center, and relates to the technical field of metal part machining, the metal part product turning vertical machining center comprises a lathe with a conical cross section, a waste groove is fixedly connected to the lowest point of the bottom of the lathe, an auger shaft is rotatably connected to the interior of the waste groove, and a waste outlet is formed in the right end of the bottom of the waste groove; first moving guide rails are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the lathe, a self-adaptive clamping mechanism is arranged between the two first moving guide rails, stand columns are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the rear side above the lathe, an adjusting mechanism is arranged above the position between the two stand columns, and a calibration assembly is arranged on the front side of the adjusting mechanism. A cutting fluid spraying pipe is installed below the front side of the left stand column, and a spraying pipe is installed below the front side of the right stand column. The self-adaptive clamping device has the advantages that the self-adaptive clamping structure of the magnetorheological fluid and the multiple core rods is adopted, the core rods can stretch out and draw back in a self-adaptive mode according to the shape of a workpiece (the deformation spring provides initial attaching force), the self-adaptive clamping device is matched with metal pieces in different shapes such as a cylinder and a special shape, and the clamp does not need to be replaced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of metal piece processing, in particular to a metal piece product turning vertical machining center. BACKGROUND

[0002] The machining center is a highly automated multi-functional numerical control machine tool with a tool magazine and an automatic tool changer. The vertical machining center refers to a machining center with the spindle axis perpendicular to the worktable, mainly suitable for machining plates, discs, molds and small shell complex parts. The vertical machining center can complete milling, boring, drilling, tapping and thread cutting processes. The vertical machining center is at least three-axis two-linkage, and generally can realize three-axis three-linkage. Some can perform five-axis and six-axis control. Compared with the corresponding horizontal machining center, the vertical machining center has simple structure, small floor area and low price, and is widely used.

[0003] Traditional metal piece turning relies on fixed clamps (such as three-jaw chucks and special tooling), which have fixed structure rigidity and can only adapt to single shape (such as standard cylindrical parts) or specific size metal pieces. For special-shaped metal pieces (such as irregularly contoured shells and asymmetric shafts), special clamps need to be customized, and the production efficiency is low when the special clamps are disassembled and reassembled. The contact area between the special clamp and the workpiece is small, and the workpiece may be deformed or damaged due to excessive local stress. Traditional calibration relies on manual operation (such as dial gauge alignment and trial cutting method calibration), and the tool position needs to be adjusted by workers based on experience. The single calibration takes a long time and has large coaxiality error. There is a lack of real-time monitoring and automatic correction mechanism, and the tool may deviate during multi-axis linkage machining, resulting in step difference, taper and other defects. The machining surface roughness can only reach Ra1.6-Ra3.2, which cannot meet the processing requirements of high-precision parts. In view of the above problems, a metal piece product turning vertical machining center is proposed to solve the problems. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a metal piece product turning vertical machining center, which solves the above problems of the current traditional metal piece turning relying on fixed clamps (such as three-jaw chucks and special tooling), which have fixed structure rigidity and can only adapt to single shape (such as standard cylindrical parts) or specific size metal pieces. For special-shaped metal pieces (such as irregularly contoured shells and asymmetric shafts), special clamps need to be customized, and the production efficiency is low when the special clamps are disassembled and reassembled. The contact area between the special clamp and the workpiece is small, and the workpiece may be deformed or damaged due to excessive local stress. Traditional calibration relies on manual operation (such as dial gauge alignment and trial cutting method calibration), and the tool position needs to be adjusted by workers based on experience. The single calibration takes a long time and has large coaxiality error. There is a lack of real-time monitoring and automatic correction mechanism, and the tool may deviate during multi-axis linkage machining, resulting in step difference, taper and other defects. The machining surface roughness can only reach Ra1.6-Ra3.2, which cannot meet the processing requirements of high-precision parts.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a metal product turning vertical machining center, comprising a lathe with a tapered cross section, a waste chute is fixedly connected to the lowest point of the bottom of the lathe, a screw shaft is rotatably connected inside the waste chute, a waste outlet is formed in the right end of the bottom of the waste chute, first moving guide rails are fixedly connected to the inner walls on the left and right sides of the lathe, an adaptive clamping mechanism is arranged between the two groups of first moving guide rails, vertical columns are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the upper rear side of the lathe, an adjusting mechanism is arranged above the two vertical columns, a calibration assembly is arranged on the front side of the adjusting mechanism, a cutting fluid spray pipe is installed on the front lower side of the left vertical column, and a spray pipe is installed on the front lower side of the right vertical column.

[0006] Preferably, a first threaded rod is rotatably connected to the right upper side of the lathe, a discharge reducer for driving the screw shaft to rotate is fixedly installed on the front lower side of the lathe, a first servo motor for driving the first threaded rod to rotate is fixedly installed on the upper front side of the lathe, at least three groups of supporting legs are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the lathe, and air spring dampers are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the six supporting legs.

[0007] Preferably, the adaptive clamping mechanism comprises a workbench, connecting strips are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the workbench, the two groups of connecting strips are slidably connected with the two first moving guide rails through sliding blocks, a connecting seat is fixedly connected to the right side of the bottom of the workbench, the connecting seat is threadedly connected with the first threaded rod inside, and a plurality of flow guide grooves are formed in the upper surface of the workbench.

[0008] Preferably, two fixed guide rails are fixedly connected to the upper side of the workbench, a placement table is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper side of the workbench between the two fixed guide rails, two groups of bases are slidably connected to the upper sides of the two fixed guide rails through sliding blocks, magnetic rheological liquid containing cavities are formed in the interiors of the two groups of bases, liquid level observation holes are arranged on the front upper sides of the two groups of bases, a plurality of mandrels are slidably connected to one side of each of the two groups of bases close to the placement table, deformation springs are fixedly connected to the sides of the mandrels away from the placement table, one ends of the deformation springs away from the mandrels are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the magnetic rheological liquid containing cavities, and excitation coils are fixedly connected to the sides of the two groups of bases away from the placement table.

[0009] Preferably, the left end of the rear side of the workbench is fixedly connected with a magnetorheological fluid storage tank, a magnetic pump is fixedly installed above the rear side of the workbench, the input end of the magnetic pump is connected with the inside of the magnetorheological fluid storage tank through a pipeline, the output end of the magnetic pump is fixedly connected with a connecting hose, the two ends of the connecting hose are respectively connected with the interiors of two magnetorheological fluid containing cavities, the middle part of the upper surface of the workbench is provided with a through groove on the left and right sides, a double-rod hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the middle position of the bottom of the workbench, the two output ends of the double-rod hydraulic cylinder are both fixedly connected with pressure sensors, the side edges of the two pressure sensors are both fixedly connected with connecting pieces, and the upper ends of the two connecting pieces pass through the through groove and are fixedly connected with the bottom surfaces of the two bases.

[0010] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism comprises a first fixed plate, the first fixed plate is fixedly connected between the two stands, the front side of the first fixed plate is fixedly connected with second moving guide rails at the upper and lower ends, the front side of the two second moving guide rails is slidably connected with a second fixed plate through sliding blocks, the front side of the second fixed plate is fixedly connected with third moving guide rails at the left and right ends, the front side of the two third moving guide rails is slidably connected with a third fixed plate through sliding blocks, the right side of the first fixed plate is fixedly connected with a first mounting plate, and the middle part of the upper side of the second fixed plate is fixedly connected with a second mounting plate.

[0011] Preferably, the front side of the first fixed plate is fixedly connected with two first fixed seats at the middle part, a second threaded rod is rotatably connected between the two first fixed seats, the rear side of the first fixed plate is threadedly connected with the second threaded rod through a seat, the side edge of the first mounting plate is fixedly installed with a second servo motor for driving the second threaded rod to rotate, the front side of the second fixed plate is fixedly connected with two second fixed seats at the middle part, a third threaded rod is rotatably connected between the two second fixed seats, the rear side of the third fixed plate is threadedly connected with the third threaded rod through a threaded seat, and the upper side of the second mounting plate is fixedly installed with a third servo motor for driving the third threaded rod to rotate.

[0012] Preferably, the calibration assembly comprises a connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the front side of the third fixed plate, a synchronous permanent magnet motor is fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper side of the connecting plate, a first magnetic levitation bearing is fixedly connected to the upper side of the synchronous permanent magnet motor, a second magnetic levitation bearing is fixedly connected to the lower side of the synchronous permanent magnet motor, a rotor is rotatably connected inside the synchronous permanent magnet motor, the upper end of the rotor is rotatably connected to the inside of the first magnetic levitation bearing, the lower end of the rotor is rotatably connected to the inside of the second magnetic levitation bearing, a second receiving target is arranged on the outer surface of the rotor below the second magnetic levitation bearing, and a second laser calibration instrument is fixedly connected to the front side of the connecting plate below the position corresponding to the second receiving target.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting plate upper surface rear side is fixedly connected with a magnetic suspension bearing controller, the connecting plate bottom middle position is fixedly connected with a first receiving target, and the rotor bottom is fixedly connected with a connecting head for cutter installation.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting plate front side middle part is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, the connecting frame lower side is fixedly connected with a piezoelectric ceramic adjusting table, and the piezoelectric ceramic adjusting table is installed with a first laser calibrator.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that: 1、The adaptive clamping mechanism is used for stably clamping the metal pieces with multiple shapes, and the core is that two groups of bases above the workbench are slidably arranged along the fixed guide rails, a plurality of core rods slidably connected to the inner side of the cavity can be extruded and deformed by the workpiece contour after the workpiece is placed on the placing table, whether the workpiece is a regular shape such as a cylinder or a disc or an irregular shape with concave-convex structure, so that the core rods are self-adaptively stretched and contracted to form a plurality of contact points closely fitted, different shape metal pieces can be adapted without replacing the clamp, the adaptation range of the traditional fixed clamp is improved by 80%; meanwhile, the magnetic force pump at the rear side of the workbench can pump the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid storage tank into the magnetorheological fluid storage cavity, after the core rods are fitted with the workpiece, the excitation coil outside the base is electrified to generate a magnetic field, so that the magnetorheological fluid in the cavity is instantaneously changed from liquid state to solid-like state and solidified to firmly fix the position of the core rods, completely solve the problem of insufficient clamping force caused by the traditional deformation spring elastic force, finally realize the clamping force fluctuation of ≤5%, ensure that the metal piece has no displacement and no shaking during turning process, the machining precision can be stably controlled within ±0.005mm, meet the machining and clamping requirements of high-precision metal pieces (such as precision shaft sleeve and special-shaped connecting piece).

[0016] 2, The application guarantees the machining precision through double high-precision calibration and high-efficiency damping design, in the calibration link, the piezoelectric ceramic adjusting table below the front side connecting frame of the connecting plate of the calibration assembly can finely adjust the incidence angle of the first laser calibrator, so that the laser emitted by the first laser calibrator is accurately incident to the first receiving target at the bottom of the connecting plate after being reflected by the workpiece end face, the second servo motor in the adjusting mechanism drives the second threaded rod to drive the second fixed plate to move forward and backward along the second moving guide rail, the third servo motor drives the third threaded rod to drive the third fixed plate to move left and right along the third moving guide rail, the coaxiality calibration of the tool and the workpiece is realized, and the second laser calibrator can monitor the position of the second receiving target on the outer surface of the rotor in real time; the magnetic field intensity of the first and second magnetic suspension bearings is regulated and controlled in combination with the magnetic suspension bearing controller, so that the radial runout of the rotor (the tool mounting end) is less than or equal to 0.001mm, and the friction vibration is reduced by more than 90% than that of the traditional mechanical bearing; in the damping link, the air spring dampers at the bottom of the six supporting legs at the bottom of the lathe can absorb more than 90% of the vibration energy in the machining process, and the high-rigidity structure of the lathe body with a tapered cross section is used, so that the influence of vibration on machining is further weakened, and finally the surface roughness of the machined metal piece is reduced to less than or equal to Ra0.8, the overall machining precision is improved by 40% than that of the traditional vertical machining center, and the metal piece machining with high precision requirement such as bearing sleeve and precision gear shaft is adapted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the application; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the application from another perspective; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lathe in the application; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the self-adaptive clamping mechanism in the application; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the self-adaptive clamping mechanism from another perspective in the application; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base in the application; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting mechanism in the application; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the calibration assembly in the application; Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the calibration assembly from another perspective in the application; Figure 10 It is Figure 5 It is a partial enlarged view of A in the application; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the tool and workpiece calibration principle in the application.

[0018] The figure mark is: 1, lathe; 2, support leg; 3, air spring shock absorber; 4, first moving guide rail; 5, waste groove; 6, auger shaft; 7, discharge reducer; 8, waste outlet; 9, self-adaptive clamping mechanism; 901, workbench; 902, connecting strip; 903, flow guide groove; 904, fixed guide rail; 905, base; 906, magnetorheological fluid containing cavity; 907, excitation coil; 908, core rod; 909, deformation spring; 910, liquid level observation hole; 911, placement table; 912, magnetorheological fluid storage tank; 913, magnetic force pump; 914, connecting hose; 915, double-rod hydraulic cylinder; 916, pressure sensor; 917, through groove; 918, connecting piece; 919, connecting seat; 10, column; 11, spray pipe; 12, cutting fluid spray pipe; 13, adjusting mechanism; 1301, first fixed plate; 1302, second moving guide rail; 1303, first fixed seat; 1304, second threaded rod; 1305, first mounting plate; 1306, second servo motor; 1307, second fixed plate; 1308, third moving guide rail; 1309, third fixed plate; 1310, second fixed seat; 1311, third threaded rod; 1312, second mounting plate; 1313, third servo motor; 14, calibration assembly; 1401, connecting plate; 1402, synchronous permanent magnet motor; 1403, rotor; 1404, connecting head; 1405, first magnetic suspension bearing; 1406, second magnetic suspension bearing; 1407, magnetic suspension bearing controller; 1408, connecting frame; 1409, piezoelectric ceramic adjusting table; 1410, first laser calibration instrument; 1411, second laser calibration instrument; 1412, second receiving target; 1413, first receiving target; 15, first threaded rod; 16, first servo motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "front", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0020] The following description is used to disclose the present application so that those skilled in the art can implement the present application. The preferred embodiments in the following description are only as examples, and those skilled in the art can think of other obvious variations.

[0021] REFERENCE Figure 1 - Figure 10As shown, a metal product turning vertical machining center includes a taper cross-section lathe 1, the bottom of the lathe 1 is fixedly connected with a waste groove 5, the waste groove 5 is rotatably connected with an auger shaft 6, the bottom right end of the waste groove 5 is provided with a waste outlet 8, the left and right inner walls of the lathe 1 are fixedly connected with first moving guide rails 4, the first moving guide rails 4 are provided with an adaptive clamping mechanism 9, the left and right ends of the upper rear side of the lathe 1 are fixedly connected with two vertical columns 10, the upper part between the two vertical columns 10 is provided with an adjusting mechanism 13, the front side of the adjusting mechanism 13 is provided with a calibration assembly 14, the front lower side of the left vertical column 10 is installed with a cutting fluid spray pipe 12, and the front lower side of the right vertical column 10 is installed with a spray pipe 11. The taper cross-section lathe 1 can guide the processed waste to naturally slide to the waste groove 5 at the bottom of the lowest point, so as to facilitate the collection of waste. The auger shaft 6 in the waste groove 5 can transport waste out of the waste outlet 8 at the bottom right end, avoiding waste accumulation. The first moving guide rails 4 on the left and right inner walls of the lathe 1 provide stable sliding guidance for the adaptive clamping mechanism 9, facilitating the adjustment of the workpiece processing position. The two vertical columns 10 on the upper rear side of the lathe 1 provide stable support for the adjusting mechanism 13. The calibration assembly 14 on the front side of the adjusting mechanism 13 can ensure the alignment accuracy of the tool and the workpiece. The cutting fluid spray pipe 12 on the front lower side of the left vertical column 10 can spray cutting fluid to cool the tool and the workpiece during processing. The spray pipe 11 on the front lower side of the right vertical column 10 can spray to remove processing debris.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the first threaded rod 15 is rotatably connected to the upper right inside of the lathe 1, the discharge reducer 7 is fixedly installed on the front lower side of the lathe 1 for driving the auger shaft 6 to rotate, the first servo motor 16 is fixedly installed on the upper front side of the lathe 1 for driving the first threaded rod 15 to rotate, the left and right sides of the bottom of the lathe 1 are fixedly connected with at least three groups of support legs 2, and the bottom of the six support legs 2 are fixedly connected with air spring dampers 3. The discharge reducer 7 on the front lower side of the lathe 1 can stably drive the auger shaft 6 to rotate, ensuring uniform waste conveying rate and avoiding waste blockage. The first servo motor 16 on the upper front side of the lathe 1 can accurately drive the first threaded rod 15 to rotate, thereby controlling the adaptive clamping mechanism 9 to accurately move along the first moving guide rail 4, ensuring the accuracy of the workpiece processing position. The at least three groups of support legs 2 on the left and right sides of the bottom of the lathe 1 enhance the overall stability of the device. The air spring dampers 3 at the bottom of the support legs 2 can effectively absorb the vibrations generated during processing, reducing the impact of vibrations on processing accuracy and ensuring the stability of turning processing.

[0023] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 10As shown, the adaptive clamping mechanism 9 comprises a workbench 901, both sides of which are fixedly connected with connecting strips 902, both groups of connecting strips 902 are slidably connected with the two first moving rails 4 through sliding blocks, the right side of the bottom of the workbench 901 is fixedly connected with a connecting seat 919, the inside of the connecting seat 919 is threadedly connected with the first threaded rod 15, a plurality of flow guide grooves 903 are formed in the upper surface of the workbench 901, the connecting seat 919 is threadedly connected with the first threaded rod 15, so that the workbench 901 moves stably and accurately along the first moving rail 4, and the workpiece is conveniently adjusted to a suitable machining position; the plurality of flow guide grooves 903 formed in the upper surface of the workbench 901 can guide the cutting fluid or machining scraps to flow to the waste groove 5, so that the accumulation of cutting fluid or the residue of machining scraps do not affect the clamping and machining precision of the workpiece, and the surface of the workbench 901 is kept clean.

[0024] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 10 , the upper surface of the workbench 901 is fixedly connected with two fixed rails 904, a placement table 911 is fixedly connected to the upper middle part of the workbench 901 between the two fixed rails 904, two groups of bases 905 are slidably connected to the upper surface of the two fixed rails 904 through sliding blocks, a magnetorheological liquid containing cavity 906 is formed in the inside of each group of bases 905, a liquid level observation hole 910 is arranged on the upper front side of each group of bases 905, a plurality of core rods 908 are slidably connected to the side of each group of bases 905 close to the placement table 911, a deformation spring 909 is fixedly connected to the side of each core rod 908 away from the placement table 911, one end of the deformation spring 909 away from the core rod 908 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the magnetorheological liquid containing cavity 906, an excitation coil 907 is fixedly connected to the side of each group of bases 905 away from the placement table 911, the placement table 911 is used for stably placing the workpiece, the magnetorheological liquid stored in the magnetorheological liquid containing cavity 906 in the base 905 cooperates with the excitation coil 907 on the outside, so that the state of the magnetorheological liquid can be changed by adjusting the excitation current, and then the clamping force of the core rod 908 is controlled, the adaptive clamping of the workpiece is realized, and the workpiece is prevented from being damaged due to excessive clamping force or loosened due to insufficient clamping force; the deformation spring 909 on the side of the core rod 908 away from the placement table 911 can assist the core rod 908 to reset, the liquid level observation hole 910 on the upper front side of the base 905 facilitates the staff to check the remaining amount of the magnetorheological liquid and supplement it in time, so that the clamping function is stable.

[0025] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 10As shown, the magnetorheological fluid storage tank 912 is fixedly connected to the left end of the rear side of the workbench 901, and the magnetic force pump 913 is fixedly installed on the upper rear side of the workbench 901. The input end of the magnetic force pump 913 is connected to the inside of the magnetorheological fluid storage tank 912 through a pipeline, and the output end of the magnetic force pump 913 is fixedly connected with the connecting hose 914. The two ends of the connecting hose 914 are respectively connected to the inside of the two magnetorheological fluid containing cavities 906. The through slot 917 is formed in the middle of the upper surface of the workbench 901, and the double-rod hydraulic cylinder 915 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the bottom of the workbench 901. The two output ends of the double-rod hydraulic cylinder 915 are fixedly connected with the pressure sensors 916, and the side edges of the two pressure sensors 916 are fixedly connected with the connecting pieces 918. The upper ends of the two connecting pieces 918 pass through the through slot 917 and are fixedly connected to the bottom surfaces of the two bases 905. The magnetic force pump 913 transports the magnetorheological fluid in the storage tank to the two magnetorheological fluid containing cavities 906 through the pipeline and the connecting hose 914, so as to ensure the stable supply of the magnetorheological fluid and guarantee the continuous and reliable clamping function. The double-rod hydraulic cylinder 915 at the middle position of the bottom of the workbench 901 drives the two groups of bases 905 to move along the fixed guide rails 904 through the pressure sensors 916 and the connecting pieces 918 at the output ends. The pressure sensor 916 can monitor the pressure in real time when the base 905 moves, so as to avoid damaging the components due to excessive pressure. The through slot 917 provides space for the movement of the connecting piece 918, so as to realize accurate and safe adjustment of the distance between the bases 905.

[0026] Referring to Figure 7 As shown, the adjusting mechanism 13 includes a first fixed plate 1301 fixedly connected between the two upright columns 10. The upper and lower ends of the front side of the first fixed plate 1301 are fixedly connected with the second movable guide rails 1302. The front side of the two second movable guide rails 1302 is slidably connected with the second fixed plate 1307 through a sliding block. The left and right ends of the front side of the second fixed plate 1307 are fixedly connected with the third movable guide rails 1308. The front side of the two third movable guide rails 1308 is slidably connected with the third fixed plate 1309 through a sliding block. The right side of the first fixed plate 1301 is fixedly connected with the first mounting plate 1305. The middle of the upper side of the second fixed plate 1307 is fixedly connected with the second mounting plate 1312. Through the sliding cooperation of multiple guide rails, the multi-directional position adjustment of the calibration assembly 14 and the tool mounted on the front side of the third fixed plate 1309 is realized, so as to adapt to the processing requirements of different angles and positions.

[0027] Referring to Figure 7As shown, the first fixed plate 1301 front side middle part is fixedly connected with two first fixed seat 1303, two first fixed seat 1303 between the rotating connection has the second threaded rod 1304, first fixed plate 1301 rear side through the seat and second threaded rod 1304 screw connection, first mounting plate 1305 side fixedly connected with the second servo motor 1306 for driving the second threaded rod 1304 rotation, second fixed plate 1307 front side middle part is fixedly connected with two second fixed seat 1310, two second fixed seat 1310 between the rotating connection has the third threaded rod 1311, third fixed plate 1309 rear side through the threaded seat and third threaded rod 1311 screw connection, second mounting plate 1312 top fixedly connected with the third servo motor 1313 for driving the third threaded rod 1311 rotation, servo motor and threaded rod cooperation ensures the high accuracy of the position adjustment of the adjusting mechanism 13, provides guarantee for machining accuracy.

[0028] Referring to Figure 8 And Figure 9 As shown, the calibration assembly 14 includes a connecting plate 1401, the connecting plate 1401 is fixedly connected to the front side middle part of the third fixed plate 1309, the connecting plate 1401 top middle part is fixedly connected with a synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402, the synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402 top is fixedly connected with a first magnetic suspension bearing 1405, the synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402 lower is fixedly connected with a second magnetic suspension bearing 1406, the synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402 inside rotatingly connected with a rotor 1403, the rotor 1403 upper end is rotatingly connected to the inside of the first magnetic suspension bearing 1405, the rotor 1403 lower end is rotatingly connected to the inside of the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406, the rotor 1403 outer surface below the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 is provided with a second receiving target 1412, the connecting plate 1401 front side lower is fixedly connected with a second laser calibration instrument 1411 at the position corresponding to the second receiving target 1412, the first magnetic suspension bearing 1405 above the synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402 and the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 below reduce the friction resistance when the rotor 1403 rotates, ensure the stability of the rotor 1403 high speed rotation, avoid the precision error caused by friction; the rotor 1403 outer surface below the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 second receiving target 1412, cooperate with the second laser calibration instrument 1411 of the connecting plate 1401 front side lower, can real-time monitoring the coaxiality of the rotor 1403, timely discovery and correction of rotor 1403 offset, ensure the cutter installed at the bottom of the rotor 1403 rotation accuracy, improve the processing quality.

[0029] The correction principle of the rotor 1403 is as follows: First, deviation real-time monitoring: the rotor 1403 outer surface is provided with a second receiving target 1412 below the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406, the second laser calibrator 1411 below the front side of the connecting plate 1401 is accurately aligned with the second receiving target 1412, can emit laser and receive reflected signal in real time, when the rotor 1403 jumps radially due to machining vibration, load change and the like, the position of the second receiving target 1412 will change slightly with the rotor 1403 offset, resulting in phase or intensity deviation of the laser signal received by the second laser calibrator 1411, the deviation data will be transmitted to the magnetic suspension bearing controller 1407 on the upper surface of the connecting plate 1401 in real time; Second, deviation analysis and control signal output: after the magnetic suspension bearing controller 1407 receives the deviation data, the rotor 1403 offset direction (such as left and right, front and back) and offset amount are analyzed through the built-in algorithm (such as PID control algorithm), and the corresponding current adjustment signal is generated according to the installation position of the first magnetic suspension bearing 1405 and the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 (corresponding to the upper end and the lower end of the rotor 1403 respectively), since the two bearings support the axial ends of the rotor 1403 respectively, they need to be adjusted cooperatively to avoid the inclination of the rotor 1403, therefore the controller will output independent current control instructions to the built-in electromagnetic coils of the two bearings; Finally, electromagnetic force dynamic correction: the first magnetic suspension bearing 1405 and the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 are both integrated with multiple groups of annular electromagnetic coils (not mentioned in the file but belong to the regular structure of magnetic suspension bearing, and adapt to the requirements of the device “reduce friction and accurate positioning”), when receiving the current instructions of the controller, the two bearings will adjust the current intensity of the corresponding coils according to the rotor 1403 offset direction: for example, if the lower end of the rotor 1403 is offset to the left near the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406, the current of the left coil of the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 is increased to enhance the magnetic field repulsion, and the current of the right coil is fine-tuned to assist in guiding, at the same time, the first magnetic suspension bearing 1405 will fine-tune the current of the upper end coil, through the cooperation of the upper end electromagnetic force to constrain the rotor 1403, to avoid the inclination of the rotor 1403 due to unilateral force; on the contrary, if the upper end of the rotor 1403 is offset, the first magnetic suspension bearing 1405 will dominate the adjustment, and the second magnetic suspension bearing 1406 will assist in correction.

[0030] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the rear side of the upper surface of the connecting plate 1401 is fixedly connected with a magnetic suspension bearing controller 1407, and the middle position of the bottom of the connecting plate 1401 is fixedly connected with a first receiving target 1413, and the bottom of the rotor 1403 is fixedly connected with a connecting head 1404 for tool installation, and the first receiving target 1413 at the middle position of the bottom of the connecting plate 1401 cooperates with the first laser calibrator 1410 to realize the alignment and calibration of the tool and the workpiece; the connecting head 1404 at the bottom of the rotor 1403 for installing the tool has a simple structure, facilitates the quick installation and replacement of the tool, reduces the tool replacement time, and improves the processing efficiency.

[0031] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the middle of the front side of the connecting plate 1401 is fixedly connected with a connecting frame 1408, the lower side of the connecting frame 1408 is fixedly connected with a piezoelectric ceramic adjustment table 1409, and the piezoelectric ceramic adjustment table 1409 is installed with a first laser calibrator 1410; before calibrating the tool and the workpiece, a reflective sticker needs to be pasted on the end face of the workpiece, the first laser calibrator 1410 emits laser light which is reflected by the reflective sticker and finally enters the first receiving target 1413 at the bottom of the connecting plate 1401; only when the first receiving target 1413 receives the laser light can it be determined that the tool and the workpiece are in the coaxial position, and the piezoelectric ceramic adjustment table 1409 can fine-tune the incident angle of the first laser calibrator 1410, thereby adapting to workpieces of different heights; for specific principles, please refer to the attached drawings. Figure 11 .

[0032] In this embodiment, the working principle and working process of the machining center are as follows: S1: Equipment preparation and early debugging Device damping and position fixing: the air spring damper 3 at the bottom of the six groups of supporting legs 2 automatically adapts to the flatness of the ground and absorbs environmental vibration; after pushing the device to the machining area, the position is fixed through the damping lock function to avoid displacement of the device during machining; Fluid and parameter preparation: check the amount of magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid storage tank 912 to ensure sufficiency; start the magnetic pump 913 for no-load operation and confirm that the connecting hose 914 has no leakage; preset the turning parameters through the display control system, and calibrate the reference position of the first laser calibrator 1410 and the second laser calibrator 1411; S2: Self-adaptive clamping of workpiece Workpiece placement and base 905 positioning: Place the metal piece to be processed on the placement table 911, start the double-rod hydraulic cylinder 915, and its output end pushes the two groups of bases 905 to move towards each other along the fixed guide rail 904 through the connecting piece 918; the pressure sensor 916 monitors the clamping pressure in real time, and when the pressure reaches the preset value, the hydraulic cylinder stops pushing, ensuring that the workpiece is initially attached to the mandrel 908. During this process, the mandrel 908 compresses the spring 909 under the extrusion of the workpiece, and the spring 909 is self-adapting and flexible with the workpiece contour, achieving multi-point attachment and avoiding excessive local stress damage to the workpiece; Magnetorheological fluid injection and solidification, fixed mandrel 908 to improve clamping force: Start the magnetic pump 913, pump the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid storage tank 912 into the magnetorheological fluid holding cavity 906 of the two groups of bases 905 through the connecting hose 914 until the cavity is full. The liquid level observation hole 910 on the base 905 can be used to determine the filling status, and the magnetic pump 913 is closed.

[0033] Power is supplied to the excitation coils 907 on the outer sides of the two groups of bases 905, and the excitation coils 907 generate a magnetic field that instantly solidifies the magnetorheological fluid in the holding cavity. The magnetorheological fluid changes from a liquid state to a quasi-solid state under the action of the magnetic field, and its rigidity is improved, firmly fixing the position of the mandrel 908. At this time, the mandrel 908 is no longer affected by the insufficient elastic force of the spring 909, forming a rigid clamping to ensure that the workpiece does not loosen or displace during turning; S3: Tool installation and high-precision calibration Tool installation and rotor 1403 adjustment: Fix the turning tool to the bottom of the rotor 1403 through the connecting head 1404; start the magnetic suspension bearing controller 1407, and the first and second magnetic suspension bearings 1405 and 1406 generate a magnetic field to make the rotor 1403 float and rotate, reducing mechanical friction; Double laser calibration: tool and workpiece coaxiality calibration: paste a reflective sticker on the end face of the workpiece, the first laser calibration instrument 1410 emits laser, which is reflected by the reflective sticker and then enters the first receiving target 1413; if the first receiving target 1413 does not receive laser, the piezoelectric ceramic adjustment table 1409 adjusts the laser angle, and the second servo motor 1306 drives the second threaded rod 1304 to move the second fixed plate 1307 along the second moving guide rail 1302; the first servo motor 16 drives the first threaded rod 15 to move the workbench 901 along the first moving guide rail 4, until the first receiving target 1413 receives laser, and the coaxiality of the tool and the workpiece is determined; Rotor 1403 radial runout calibration: the second laser calibration instrument 1411 emits laser to the second receiving target 1412 of the rotor 1403 to monitor the radial runout of the rotor 1403 when it rotates; if the runout is out of tolerance, the magnetic suspension bearing controller 1407 adjusts the magnetic field strength to correct the position of the rotor 1403; S4: Metal piece turning The synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402 is started to drive the rotor 1403 to rotate the cutter at high speed; the workbench 901 moves slowly, the cutter is used for turning the workpiece, at the same time, the left cutting fluid spray pipe 12 sprays cutting fluid to the cutter and the workpiece contact position to cool and cool down; the right side spray pipe 11 sprays atomized lubricating liquid to reduce the friction between the cutter and the chip, avoid the chip adhesion cutter, and the generated chip in the machining falls along the inner wall of the taper lathe 1 to the bottom waste tank 5, the flow guide groove 903 on the surface of the workbench 901 can guide the cutting fluid to flow back to the waste tank 5, and the accumulated liquid is avoided to affect the machining; S5: post-processing and waste discharge after machining After turning is completed, the synchronous permanent magnet motor 1402 and the workbench 901 are stopped; the excitation coil 907 is powered off, the magnetorheological fluid returns to a liquid state, the magnetic force pump 913 is started to pump the magnetorheological fluid in the containing cavity back to the magnetorheological fluid storage tank 912; the double-rod hydraulic cylinder 915 drives the base 905 to move reversely, loosens the workpiece, takes down the machined metal piece, the discharge speed reducer 7 is started to drive the auger shaft 6 in the waste tank 5 to rotate, the auger shaft 6 pushes the chip and waste liquid mixture in the waste tank 5 to the right waste outlet 8, and automatic chip removal is realized; the discharged waste can be collected to a waste tank through a pipeline, and manual cleaning is not needed.

[0034] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection claimed by the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A metal piece product turning vertical machining center, characterized by: The utility model provides a cross section is taper lathe (1), the lowest point fixedly connected with waste groove (5) at bottom of lathe (1), the inside rotatable connection of waste groove (5) has auger shaft (6), the waste outlet (8) is seted up in the bottom right -hand side of waste groove (5), the first mobile guide rail (4) is fixedly connected in the left and right side inner wall of lathe (1), and the self -adaptation clamping mechanism (9) is arranged between two first mobile guide rails (4), the vertical column (10) is fixedly connected around the upper rear side of lathe (1), and the adjusting mechanism (13) is arranged between the upper of two vertical columns (10), the calibration subassembly (14) is arranged in the front side of adjusting mechanism (13), the cutting fluid spray pipe (12) is installed in the left side vertical column (10) front lower side, and the spray pipe (11) is installed in the right side vertical column (10) front lower side.

2. A metal product turning vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first threaded rod (15) is rotatably connected in the inside right upper of lathe (1), the discharging speed reducer (7) for driving auger shaft (6) rotation is fixedly installed in the front lower of lathe (1), the first servo motor (16) for driving first threaded rod (15) rotation is fixedly installed in the front upper of lathe (1), at least three groups of support legs (2) are fixedly connected around the bottom left and right of lathe (1), and the air spring damper (3) is fixedly connected in the bottom of six support legs (2).

3. A metal piece product turning vertical machining center according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The self -adaptation clamping mechanism (9) includes workbench (901), the left and right sides of workbench (901) are fixedly connected with connecting strip (902), two connecting strips (902) are slidably connected with two first mobile guide rails (4) through the sliding block respectively, the right side of the bottom of workbench (901) is fixedly connected with connecting seat (919), the inside of connecting seat (919) is threadedly connected with first threaded rod (15), and a plurality of flow guide grooves (903) are seted up on the upper surface of workbench (901).

4. A metal product turning vertical machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper surface of workbench (901) is fixedly connected with two fixed guide rails (904), the middle part of the upper surface of workbench (901) is fixedly connected with placing table (911) between two fixed guide rails (904), two groups of bases (905) are slidably connected with the upper surface of two fixed guide rails (904) through the sliding block, the inside of two groups of bases (905) is provided with magnetorheological fluid containing cavity (906), the front side of the upper surface of two groups of bases (905) is provided with liquid level observation hole (910), a plurality of core rods (908) are slidably connected with the side of two groups of bases (905) close to placing table (911), the side of core rod (908) away from placing table (911) is fixedly connected with deformation spring (909), one end of deformation spring (909) away from core rod (908) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of magnetorheological fluid containing cavity (906), and the side of two groups of bases (905) away from placing table (911) is fixedly connected with excitation coil (907).

5. A metal product turning vertical machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The workbench (901) is fixedly connected with a magnetorheological fluid storage tank (912) at the left end of the rear upper side, a magnetic force pump (913) is fixedly installed on the rear upper side of the workbench (901), the input end of the magnetic force pump (913) is connected with the inside of the magnetorheological fluid storage tank (912) through a pipeline, the output end of the magnetic force pump (913) is fixedly connected with a connecting hose (914), the two ends of the connecting hose (914) are respectively connected with the insides of two magnetorheological fluid containing cavities (906), the middle part of the upper surface of the workbench (901) is provided with a through groove (917) on the left and right sides, a double-rod hydraulic cylinder (915) is fixedly connected to the middle position of the bottom of the workbench (901), the two output ends of the double-rod hydraulic cylinder (915) are fixedly connected with pressure sensors (916), the side edges of the two pressure sensors (916) are fixedly connected with connecting pieces (918), and the upper ends of the two connecting pieces (918) pass through the through groove (917) and are fixedly connected with the bottom surfaces of the two bases (905).

6. A metal piece product turning vertical machining center according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (13) comprises a first fixed plate (1301) fixedly connected between the two vertical columns (10), second moving guide rails (1302) fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the front side of the first fixed plate (1301), a second fixed plate (1307) slidably connected to the front side of the two second moving guide rails (1302) through sliding blocks, third moving guide rails (1308) fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the front side of the second fixed plate (1307), a third fixed plate (1309) slidably connected to the front side of the two third moving guide rails (1308) through sliding blocks, a first mounting plate (1305) fixedly connected to the right side of the first fixed plate (1301), and a second mounting plate (1312) fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper side of the second fixed plate (1307).

7. A metal product turning vertical machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first fixed plate (1301) is fixedly connected with two first fixed seats (1303) on the middle part of the front side, a second threaded rod (1304) is rotatably connected between the two first fixed seats (1303), the rear side of the first fixed plate (1301) is threadedly connected with the second threaded rod (1304) through a seat, a second servo motor (1306) for driving the second threaded rod (1304) to rotate is fixedly installed on the side edge of the first mounting plate (1305), the second fixed plate (1307) is fixedly connected with two second fixed seats (1310) on the middle part of the front side, a third threaded rod (1311) is rotatably connected between the two second fixed seats (1310), the rear side of the third fixed plate (1309) is threadedly connected with the third threaded rod (1311) through a threaded seat, and a third servo motor (1313) for driving the third threaded rod (1311) to rotate is fixedly installed on the upper side of the second mounting plate (1312).

8. A metal piece product turning vertical machining center according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The calibration assembly (14) comprises a connecting plate (1401) fixedly connected to the middle part of the front side of the third fixed plate (1309), a synchronous permanent magnet motor (1402) fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper side of the connecting plate (1401), a first magnetic suspension bearing (1405) fixedly connected to the upper side of the synchronous permanent magnet motor (1402), a second magnetic suspension bearing (1406) fixedly connected to the lower side of the synchronous permanent magnet motor (1402), a rotor (1403) rotatably connected to the inside of the synchronous permanent magnet motor (1402), the upper end of the rotor (1403) being rotatably connected to the inside of the first magnetic suspension bearing (1405), the lower end of the rotor (1403) being rotatably connected to the inside of the second magnetic suspension bearing (1406), a second receiving target (1412) being arranged on the outer surface of the rotor (1403) below the second magnetic suspension bearing (1406), and a second laser calibration instrument (1411) fixedly connected to the lower side of the front side of the connecting plate (1401) at the corresponding position of the second receiving target (1412).

9. A metal product turning vertical machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that: A magnetic suspension bearing controller (1407) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the upper surface of the connecting plate (1401), a first receiving target (1413) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the bottom of the connecting plate (1401), and a connecting head (1404) for tool installation is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotor (1403).

10. A metal product turning vertical machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that: A connecting frame (1408) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the front side of the connecting plate (1401), a piezoelectric ceramic adjusting table (1409) is fixedly connected below the connecting frame (1408), and a first laser calibration instrument (1410) is arranged on the piezoelectric ceramic adjusting table (1409).

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