Photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump system, control method of photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump system and photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly
By designing multiple refrigerant loops and controlling the compressor pressure ratio in the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, the problems of complex thermal management and low energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal systems are solved, achieving efficient thermal energy conversion and stable output, which is suitable for thermal management optimization of photovoltaic-thermal modules.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511048853.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing photovoltaic and solar thermal systems face challenges in terms of thermal management complexity and energy conversion efficiency, especially in cold regions where hot water demand is high but solar energy resources are limited, making it difficult to meet the demand. Furthermore, traditional photovoltaic systems are limited by environmental conditions and have low energy utilization rates.
The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system adopts multiple refrigerant loops, each equipped with a photovoltaic-thermal module set. By utilizing intermittent use and latent heat storage technology, combined with compressor pressure ratio control, the heat storage and release process of the photovoltaic-thermal module is optimized, reducing the difficulty of thermal management and improving the heat energy conversion efficiency.
It effectively improves the thermal energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, reduces the difficulty of thermal management and control, enhances the stability and energy utilization of the system, and achieves stable output around the clock.
Smart Images
Figure CN120907265A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic and photo-thermal technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic and photo-thermal heat pump system, a control method thereof and a photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the increasingly severe global energy crisis and environmental problems, the research and application of renewable energy technology has become one of the key ways to solve these problems. Among the many renewable energies, solar energy has become one of the most promising energy forms due to its abundant resources, wide distribution, and clean and pollution-free advantages. In addition, existing photo-thermal systems, such as solar water heaters, can effectively utilize solar energy for hot water supply, but their energy utilization rate is low. In particular, in cold regions where the demand for hot water is large and the solar energy resources are relatively limited, it is difficult to meet the demand by relying solely on photo-thermal systems.
[0003] Therefore, how to improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy and realize the efficient integration of photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems has become one of the current research focuses. Based on this, it is particularly important to develop a heat storage type efficient photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly that can not only efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy but also store excess heat for subsequent use, thereby realizing stable output throughout the day. This new type of assembly not only overcomes the problem of environmental condition limitation of traditional photovoltaic systems, but also improves the overall system efficiency through reasonable heat management strategies, providing a new solution for future energy structure optimization.
[0004] The existing photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated systems on the market mainly include photovoltaic and photo-thermal heat pump systems (PVTS), photovoltaic-thermal energy storage systems, and several other types. Among them, PVTS sets up a radiator on the back of the photovoltaic panel and uses fluid medium to take away the waste heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic assembly, thereby realizing heat energy recycling. However, such systems still face the following challenges in actual application:
[0005] Complexity of heat management: Since the working temperature of the photovoltaic assembly directly affects its photoelectric conversion efficiency, excessive temperature will lead to efficiency reduction. PVTS needs to accurately control the fluid flow and temperature, i.e., control the opening degree of the electromagnetic expansion valve, to ensure that the photovoltaic assembly is maintained within an appropriate working interval, which puts high requirements on the heat management system of the system.
[0006] Limited energy conversion efficiency: Although PVTS can improve the overall utilization of solar energy to some extent, due to the simultaneous consideration of electrical energy and thermal energy conversion, energy loss inevitably occurs in some links, resulting in limited overall efficiency improvement. SUMMARY
[0007] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a photovoltaic and photo-thermal heat pump system, a control method thereof and a photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly.
[0008] The application adopts the technical solutions as follows:
[0009] The first aspect of the application provides a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, comprising: a heat pump module provided with a compressor, a first branch provided with a photovoltaic-thermal component, a second branch provided with an evaporator, and a processor; refrigerant of the heat pump module flows back to the heat pump module through the first branch in one way and flows back to the heat pump module through the second branch in another way; the first branch comprises n parallel refrigerant circuits, each of which is provided with a photovoltaic-thermal component set, the liquid inlet end of each photovoltaic-thermal component set is connected with an electromagnetic expansion valve for controlling the on-off of the refrigerant circuit, and n is greater than or equal to 2; the processor controls the on-off of different refrigerant circuits according to the ratio of the pressure ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump pressure ratio or the ratio of the pressure ratios before and after the compressor pressure reduction point, so as to realize heat storage and heat release of the photovoltaic-thermal component set.
[0010] According to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, a one-way valve is arranged at the end of each refrigerant circuit in the first branch to ensure stable operation.
[0011] According to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, each photovoltaic-thermal component set comprises the same number of photovoltaic-thermal components, and each photovoltaic-thermal component set comprises at least one photovoltaic-thermal component; if a plurality of photovoltaic-thermal components are contained in the photovoltaic-thermal component set, the photovoltaic-thermal components are connected in parallel and / or in series.
[0012] According to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, a pressure sensor is arranged at the refrigerant input end and the output end of the compressor for calculating the pressure ratio of the compressor.
[0013] The second aspect of the application provides a control method, comprising the following steps:
[0014] The refrigerant circuit one is turned on, and the pressure ratio of the compressor is acquired in real time;
[0015] When the ratio of the pressure ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump pressure ratio is greater than or equal to a first ratio threshold value, or the ratio of the pressure ratios before and after the compressor pressure reduction point is less than or equal to a second ratio threshold value, the refrigerant circuit two is turned on, and the refrigerant circuit one is turned off after a preset time, and the cycle is repeated; otherwise, the current refrigerant circuit is kept turned on.
[0016] According to the control method, the control method further comprises:
[0017] The theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components in the first branch is calculated according to the ratio of the target heating capacity to the heating capacity of a single photovoltaic-thermal component;
[0018] A reference COP value of the air energy heat pump is acquired, and an actual COP value of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system is acquired through experiments;
[0019] When the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value and the reference COP value is greater than or equal to the COP difference threshold value, the number of photovoltaic-thermal components is increased or decreased on the basis of the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components until the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value and the reference COP value is less than the COP difference threshold value, and the current number of photovoltaic-thermal components is taken as the actual number of photovoltaic-thermal components; otherwise, the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components is taken as the actual number of photovoltaic-thermal components.
[0020] The third aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic-thermal component applied to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, which comprises a PV plate, a first PT plate and a second PT plate arranged in sequence to enhance the heat storage capacity of the photovoltaic-thermal component.
[0021] The fourth aspect of the present application provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program, when loaded into the processor, implements the control method described above.
[0022] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a storage medium comprising a stored program, wherein the storage medium, when the program runs, controls the device where the storage medium is located to perform the control method described above.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0024] 1、The present application sets multiple refrigerant circuits, each of which is provided with a photovoltaic-thermal component set, and each photovoltaic-thermal component set absorbs n times of heat through intermittent use, and the temperature can be ensured not to change when latent heat is stored, thereby effectively improving the heat energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system.
[0025] 2、The present application sets multiple refrigerant circuits, each of which is provided with a photovoltaic-thermal component set, and each photovoltaic-thermal component set stores heat in the refrigerant circuit shutdown phase, which can be used to fill the fluctuation of the implementation heat efficiency caused by the irradiance and temperature fluctuation in the running phase, thereby reducing the difficulty of electromagnetic valve adjustment and relaxing the response time of electromagnetic valve adjustment, and thus reducing the difficulty of heat management control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.
[0027] Figure 1 The photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system principle diagram of the present application;
[0028] Figure 2 The control method flow chart of the photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system of the present application;
[0029] Figure 3 The compressor pressure ratio (red) and air energy heat pump pressure ratio (blue) measured data comparison chart of the present application;
[0030] Figure 4 The photovoltaic photothermal assembly schematic diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. The description of the at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, but not as any limitation on the present disclosure and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0032] Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in the embodiments are not meant to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0033] At the same time, it should be understood that, for the convenience of description, the size of each part shown in the drawings is not drawn according to the actual proportion relationship.
[0034] The technology, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the authorized description when appropriate.
[0035] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely illustrative and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of the example embodiments can have different values.
[0036] It should be noted that: similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.
[0037] As Figure 1As shown, the embodiment 1 of the present application provides a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, which comprises a heat pump module provided with a compressor, a first branch provided with a photo-voltaic thermal module (PVTM), and a second branch provided with an evaporator. The refrigerant of the heat pump module flows back to the heat pump module through the first branch in one way and through the second branch in another way.
[0038] The first branch comprises n parallel refrigerant circuits, each of which is provided with a photo-voltaic thermal module set. The liquid inlet end of each photo-voltaic thermal module set is connected with an electromagnetic expansion valve for controlling the on-off of the flow path and the heat exchange timing of the photo-voltaic thermal module set, wherein n≥2.
[0039] The processor controls the on-off of different refrigerant circuits according to the ratio of the compression ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump compression ratio, or the ratio of the pressure ratio before and after the compression pressure reduction point, so as to realize the heat storage and heat release of the photo-voltaic thermal module set.
[0040] Preferably but not limitedly, a one-way valve is arranged at the end of each refrigerant circuit in the first branch to ensure stable operation.
[0041] Preferably but not limitedly, the heat pump module comprises a vapor-liquid separator, a compressor and a condenser connected in sequence.
[0042] For example, as shown in the figure, two sets of photo-voltaic thermal module sets are arranged. The liquid inlet end of the first set of photo-voltaic thermal module sets is connected with a second electromagnetic expansion valve, and the liquid inlet end of the second set of photo-voltaic thermal module sets is connected with a third electromagnetic expansion valve. Figure 1
[0043] Further preferably but not limitedly, each photo-voltaic thermal module set comprises the same number of photo-voltaic thermal modules, and each photo-voltaic thermal module set comprises at least one photo-voltaic thermal module. If a photo-voltaic thermal module set comprises multiple photo-voltaic thermal modules, the photo-voltaic thermal modules are connected in parallel and / or in series.
[0044] In one embodiment, multiple photo-voltaic thermal modules are connected in parallel to form a photo-voltaic thermal module set.
[0045] For example, as shown in the figure, three photo-voltaic thermal modules are connected in parallel to form a photo-voltaic thermal module set. Figure 1
[0046] In other embodiments, multiple photo-voltaic thermal modules are connected in series to form a photo-voltaic thermal module set, or multiple photo-voltaic thermal modules are connected in series-parallel to form a photo-voltaic thermal module set.
[0047] If multiple photovoltaic photothermal components are connected in parallel, a plurality of refrigerant flow paths are introduced at the inlet end of the first electromagnetic expansion valve, and the introduction mode can adopt a one-to-many distribution pipe, a plurality of consecutive three-way pipes, a distributor, etc.
[0048] Preferably but not limitedly, a one-way valve is arranged at the end of each loop in the second branch to ensure stable operation.
[0049] Preferably but not limitedly, the refrigerant can be selected from r32, r22, r410a, etc.
[0050] Preferably but not limitedly, pressure sensors are arranged at the input and output ends of the compressor to calculate the compression ratio of the compressor.
[0051] As shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3 Embodiment 2 of the present application provides a control method of a photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system, comprising the following steps:
[0052] In step S210, the refrigerant circuit one is turned on, and the compression ratio of the compressor is obtained in real time.
[0053] In step S220, when the ratio of the compression ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump compression ratio is greater than or equal to a first ratio threshold value, or the ratio of the compression ratios before and after the compressor pressure deceleration point is less than or equal to a second ratio threshold value, the refrigerant circuit two is turned on, and the refrigerant circuit one is turned off after a preset time, and the cycle is repeated in turn; otherwise, the current refrigerant circuit is kept on.
[0054] For example, initially, only the refrigerant circuit one is turned on, and the refrigerant circuit two to the refrigerant circuit n are turned off.
[0055] When the ratio of the compression ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump compression ratio is greater than or equal to the first ratio threshold value, or the ratio of the compression ratios before and after the compressor pressure deceleration point is less than or equal to the second ratio threshold value, the currently running refrigerant circuit one is turned off, and the refrigerant circuit two is turned on, and the remaining refrigerant circuit three to the refrigerant circuit n are turned off.
[0056] When the ratio of the compression ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump compression ratio is greater than or equal to the first ratio threshold value, or the ratio of the compression ratios before and after the compressor pressure deceleration point is less than or equal to the second ratio threshold value, the refrigerant circuit two is turned off, and the refrigerant circuit three is turned on, and the remaining refrigerant circuit one, the refrigerant circuit four to the refrigerant circuit n are turned off.
[0057] Similarly, when the refrigerant circuit n is running, if the above switching conditions are met, the refrigerant circuit n is turned on, and the refrigerant circuit one is turned on again, and the remaining refrigerant circuit two to the refrigerant circuit n are turned off.
[0058] Preferably but not limitedly, the first ratio threshold or the second ratio threshold is determined according to the capacity of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, the number of photovoltaic-thermal components, and / or the number of groups.
[0059] Preferably but not limitedly, the air energy heat pump pressure ratio can also be a preset performance reference benchmark in the design or experiment of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system.
[0060] Preferably but not limitedly, the preset time should be calculated according to the design or calibrated through actual experiments, and the specific requirement is k times the time for the refrigerant to completely flow through the photovoltaic-thermal component.
[0061] Under the joint action of the one-way valve and the closed electromagnetic expansion valve, the internal pressure of the photovoltaic-thermal component in the closed refrigerant circuit is constant and lower than that of the running photovoltaic-thermal component, thereby improving the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant, i.e., the heat storage capacity. At this time, the temperature of each component of the photovoltaic-thermal component is the same as that during operation, or slightly lower due to the relatively low pressure, which does not affect the normal electric energy output of the photovoltaic-thermal component.
[0062] Preferably but not limitedly, the T0 value is obtained according to the refrigerant dryness of the photovoltaic-thermal component set reaching the target dryness value within (n-1)*T0 time, and the target dryness value should be greater than (1-1 / n).
[0063] For example, the value of n is determined in advance, and the target dryness value is set to (1-1 / n). After (n-1)*T0, the actual refrigerant dryness is calculated through the pressure test points and temperature test points on both sides of the photovoltaic-thermal component set to determine the specific value of T0.
[0064] Each photovoltaic-thermal component set is sequentially operated for an activation time T0. At this time, the photovoltaic-thermal component in each photovoltaic-thermal component set has been stored for (n-1)*T0, and the refrigerant dryness in the photovoltaic-thermal component is greater than (1-1 / n). After each photovoltaic-thermal component set is operated for the activation time T0, a total of n*T0 time is stored, and the refrigerant dryness in the photovoltaic-thermal component is increased by 1 / n again within the operation T0.
[0065] However, the value of n is restricted by the capacity of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump unit. The larger the value of n, the shorter the heat exchange time required for each refrigerant circuit to complete, so the frequency or power of the compressor needs to be increased to ensure the flow rate, and thus to ensure that the heat exchange is completed within T0 time. Therefore, the specific value of n can be determined according to the frequency or power of the compressor.
[0066] The running photovoltaic-thermal component set can output n*T0*Q heat within T0 time, where Q is the heat that can be taken away by a conventional PTVS, and the unit of Q is W.
[0067] The advantage of the design is that not only the heating capacity of the photovoltaic-thermal component can be improved, but also the heat exchange of ep*2Q is stored in advance through the latent heat storage mode, wherein ep is the residual mass percentage after gas expansion. At this time, the energy output per unit time of the photovoltaic-thermal component is increased from dQ / dt to (1+ep)*dQ / dt, which improves the heat source quality of the photovoltaic-thermal component and is equivalent to improving the heat exchange efficiency of the photovoltaic-thermal component.
[0068] Preferably but not limitedly, the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components in the first branch is calculated according to the ratio of the target heating capacity to the heating capacity of a single photovoltaic-thermal component.
[0069] For example, if the target heating capacity is 16000W and the maximum heating capacity of a single photovoltaic-thermal component is 800W, then 20 photovoltaic-thermal components need to be matched.
[0070] If the ratio of the target heating capacity to the heating capacity of a single photovoltaic-thermal component is a decimal number, then the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components is rounded up to the nearest whole number.
[0071] The reference COP value of the air energy heat pump is obtained, and the actual COP value of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system is obtained through experiments.
[0072] When the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value and the reference COP value is greater than or equal to the COP difference threshold value, the number of photovoltaic-thermal components is increased or decreased based on the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components until the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value and the reference COP value is less than the COP difference threshold value, and the current number of photovoltaic-thermal components is taken as the actual number of photovoltaic-thermal components. Otherwise, the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components is taken as the actual number of photovoltaic-thermal components.
[0073] That is, after estimating the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components in the first branch, the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system is built for experiments to determine whether the actual COP value of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system under the same working condition reaches the reference COP value of the air energy heat pump under the same heat exchange capacity. The number of photovoltaic-thermal components is increased or decreased until the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system and the reference COP value of the air energy heat pump under the same heat exchange capacity is less than the COP difference threshold value.
[0074] Since the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system is configured with multiple photovoltaic-thermal components for one compressor, there are resistance losses such as shunt, so the number of photovoltaic-thermal components can be fine-tuned after estimation.
[0075] For example, Figure 4As shown, the embodiment 3 of the present application provides a photovoltaic and photo-thermal component, the photovoltaic and photo-thermal component provided by the embodiment can improve the value of the increment ep, and is applied to the photovoltaic and photo-thermal heat pump system, the photovoltaic and photo-thermal component comprises a PV plate, a first PT plate and a second PT plate which are sequentially arranged.
[0076] By adding a second PT plate between the PV plate and the second PT plate, the heat storage capacity of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal component is enhanced.
[0077] In one embodiment, the first PT plate and the second PT plate are provided with a commutation hole at the same position of the contact surface, so as to reduce the heat exchange time.
[0078] The first PT plate is equivalent to a dead-end loop parallel to the original plate, and communicates with the second PT plate through the commutation hole, so as to not only increase the heat storage capacity, but also convert the heat storage from heat conduction to heat exchange, and increase the contact interface of the PT plate and the PV plate, and enhance the heat exchange capacity.
[0079] In another embodiment, the first PT plate is a completely sealed phase change heat storage plate.
[0080] The embodiment 4 of the present application provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and the computer program realizes the control method when loaded into the processor.
[0081] The embodiment 5 of the present application provides a storage medium, and the storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program realizes the control method disclosed by the present application when executed by a processor.
[0082] The storage medium can be a tangible device that maintains and stores instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The storage medium, for example, can be, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the storage medium include: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device such as a punched card or a hole-and-protrusion structure, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. The storage medium used herein is not to be interpreted as a transitory signal per se, such as a radio wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (for example, an optical pulse through an optical fiber cable), or an electrical signal transmitted through a wire.
[0083] The computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing / processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and / or a wireless network. The network can comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing / processing device.
[0084] Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present disclosure can be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions can execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection can be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or programmable logic array (PLA) can execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present disclosure.
[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely intended for describing and illustrating, not limiting the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system comprises a heat pump module provided with a compressor, a first branch provided with photovoltaic-thermal components, a second branch provided with an evaporator, and a processor. The refrigerant of the heat pump module flows back to the heat pump module through the first branch and the second branch. The first branch comprises n parallel refrigerant circuits, each of which is provided with a photovoltaic-thermal component set, the inlet of each photovoltaic-thermal component set is connected with an electromagnetic expansion valve for controlling the on-off of the refrigerant circuit, and n≥2. The processor controls the on-off of different refrigerant circuits according to the ratio of the compression ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump compression ratio or the ratio of the compression ratios before and after the pressure reduction point of the compressor, so as to realize the heat storage and heat release of the photovoltaic-thermal component set.
2. The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: a one-way valve is arranged at the end of each refrigerant circuit in the first branch to ensure stable operation.
3. The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: each photovoltaic-thermal component set comprises the same number of photovoltaic-thermal components, and each photovoltaic-thermal component set comprises at least one photovoltaic-thermal component, and if a photovoltaic-thermal component set comprises a plurality of photovoltaic-thermal components, the photovoltaic-thermal components are connected in parallel and / or in series.
4. The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: the input and output ends of the compressor are provided with pressure sensors for calculating the compression ratio of the compressor. The control method comprises the following steps: turning on the refrigerant circuit one and obtaining the compression ratio of the compressor in real time; when the ratio of the compression ratio of the compressor to the air energy heat pump compression ratio is greater than or equal to a first ratio threshold value, or the ratio of the compression ratios before and after the pressure reduction point of the compressor is less than or equal to a second ratio threshold value, turning on the refrigerant circuit two and closing the refrigerant circuit one after a preset time, and then repeating the above steps; otherwise, maintaining the current refrigerant circuit.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein: the control method further comprises:
5. A method of controlling the photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, calculating the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components in the first branch according to the ratio of the target heating capacity to the heating capacity of a single photovoltaic-thermal component; obtaining the reference COP value of the air energy heat pump and the actual COP value of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system through experiments; when the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value and the reference COP value is greater than or equal to a COP difference threshold value, increasing or decreasing the number of photovoltaic-thermal components based on the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components until the absolute value of the difference between the actual COP value and the reference COP value is less than the COP difference threshold value, and taking the current number of photovoltaic-thermal components as the actual number of photovoltaic-thermal components; otherwise, taking the theoretical number of photovoltaic-thermal components as the actual number of photovoltaic-thermal components.
7. A photovoltaic-thermal component applied to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising a PV plate, a first PT plate and a second PT plate arranged in sequence to enhance the heat storage capacity of the photovoltaic-thermal component. The computer program is loaded into the processor to realize the control method of claim 5 or 6. 8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, 9. A storage medium, characterized by: the storage medium comprising a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, controls a device in which the storage medium is located to perform the control method of claim 5 or 6.