Safety margin dynamic regulation and control method and system for power grid operation scheduling

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety margin dynamic regulation and control method and system for power grid operation scheduling, belongs to the field of power grid control, and particularly relates to power balance adjusting.The method comprises the steps that real-time power data of a target power grid are continuously collected, and whether operation point deviation exists or not is judged according to the real-time power data; wherein the real-time electric power data comprises active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; if it is determined that the operation point offset exists, obtaining an equipment switching record and load flow direction data of the target power grid so as to determine a safety boundary of the target power grid; and according to the safety boundary, evaluating the current safety margin of the target power grid, and if the current safety margin does not meet a preset condition, generating a power grid operation regulation and control instruction according to pre-acquired power transmission distribution data so as to realize regulation and control of the safety margin. According to the invention, the stability of power grid operation can be improved through accurate and efficient dynamic regulation and control of the safety margin.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power grid control, and in particular to a safety margin dynamic regulation method and system for power grid operation scheduling. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the operation of the power grid, due to frequent scheduling operations such as load fluctuation and device switching, the system operating point is prone to deviation, leading to dynamic reconstruction of the safety boundary, and the original safety margin evaluation benchmark is invalid. If dynamic regulation of the safety margin is not performed, the power grid may not be able to adapt to changes in the operating state in real time, increasing the risk of cross-border and voltage instability, and therefore it is necessary to adjust the safety boundary and the early warning threshold in real time through dynamic regulation means to ensure the safety and stability of the power grid scheduling operation.

[0003] Currently, the existing technology relies on pre-set static safety boundaries or early warning mechanisms based on fixed thresholds when regulating safety margins, and the regulation strategy is difficult to adapt to the boundary reconstruction problem caused by the deviation of the operating point. This leads to a serious disconnection between the evaluation benchmark and the actual operating conditions, and false positives or false negatives often occur. At the same time, due to the lack of accurate prediction of the trend of the operating state and the consideration of the sensitivity differences of the regulation devices, the regulation instructions generated by the existing methods are often not targeted and have unclear priorities, making the regulation process slow and inefficient, and making it difficult to support the fast and accurate scheduling control requirements of the power grid in complex operating environments. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a safety margin dynamic regulation method, device, equipment and medium for power grid operation scheduling, which can improve the stability of power grid operation through accurate and efficient safety margin dynamic regulation.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a safety margin dynamic regulation method for power grid operation scheduling, comprising: continuously collecting real-time power data of a target power grid, and determining whether there is an operating point deviation based on the real-time power data; wherein the real-time power data includes active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; if it is determined that there is an operating point deviation, obtaining device switching records and load flow data of the target power grid, and determining the safety boundary of the target power grid based on the device switching records and load flow data; evaluating the current safety margin of the target power grid based on the safety boundary, and if the current safety margin does not meet the pre-set conditions, generating a power grid operation regulation instruction based on the pre-obtained power transmission distribution data, so as to realize the regulation of the safety margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction; wherein the regulation priority of the power grid operation regulation instruction is determined according to the sensitivity coefficient of each regulation device in the target power grid to the safety margin.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application continuously collects real-time power data of the target power grid, thereby providing real-time and accurate basic information for subsequent judgment on whether the power grid operating point deviates, ensuring dynamic monitoring of the power grid operating state, avoiding misjudgment or missed judgment of the abnormal state of the power grid due to data lag, and timely discovering the abnormal trend of the power grid operation by judging whether the operating point deviates, thereby providing a triggering condition for subsequent start of safety boundary determination and safety margin regulation process, ensuring that regulation is started only when necessary, and avoiding unnecessary intervention; the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the device switching record and load flow direction data, the current safe operation "red line" of the power grid is determined, a standard and basis for subsequent safety margin evaluation are provided, the safety margin evaluation result is targeted and accurate; when the safety margin does not meet the preset condition, power transmission distribution data is generated according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data to generate power grid operation regulation instructions, thereby ensuring that the regulation instructions are targeted at weak links of power transmission of the power grid, precise adjustment of the power grid operating state is realized, the safety margin is restored to a level meeting the requirements, wherein the regulation priority is determined according to the sensitivity coefficient, the device with the most significant improvement effect on the safety margin is preferentially selected for regulation, the regulation efficiency is improved, unnecessary device adjustment is reduced, the regulation cost and disturbance to the power grid operation are reduced, and the power grid is ensured to restore the safe and stable operating state in the shortest time. Compared with the prior art, the present application can improve the stability of the power grid operation through accurate and efficient safety margin dynamic regulation.

[0007] Further, the method according to the real-time power data, judging whether the operating point deviates, specifically comprises: extracting an active power sequence and a reactive power sequence from the real-time power data through a preset time window, and calculating an active power deviation value and a reactive power deviation value of each sampling point according to the active power sequence, the reactive power sequence and a preset power reference data, to obtain an active power deviation sequence and a reactive power deviation sequence; wherein the power reference data includes an active power reference value and a reactive power reference value; extracting a voltage amplitude in the real-time power data, and calculating a voltage change rate between each adjacent sampling point according to the voltage amplitude to obtain a voltage change rate sequence; if there is a deviation value greater than a preset power deviation threshold in the active power deviation sequence or the reactive power deviation sequence, and there is a voltage change rate greater than a preset voltage change rate threshold in the voltage change rate sequence, it is determined that the target power grid has an operating point deviation.

[0008] The embodiment of the application extracts active power sequence and reactive power sequence from real-time power data through a preset time window, provides a stable and reliable data basis for subsequent calculation of power deviation values, and avoids misjudgment of power change trend caused by single instantaneous abnormal data; active power deviation sequence and reactive power deviation sequence are obtained based on power reference data, and the difference degree of current active power and reactive power from normal standard values is quantified; the voltage change rate sequence is obtained by calculating the voltage change rate between each adjacent sampling point, so as to sensitively capture the rapid fluctuation of voltage; the limitation of single condition judgment is avoided through a double threshold judgment mechanism, the accuracy and reliability of the operation point deviation judgment are improved, and it is ensured that the operation point deviation is only determined when the power grid has a substantial and continuous abnormal operation trend, thereby preventing the subsequent regulation process from being triggered by mistake.

[0009] Further, the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the device switching record and the load flow direction data, specifically: The operation development of the target power grid is predicted according to the real-time power data, and an operation development prediction set is obtained; The device switching record and the operation development prediction set are time-aligned through a preset timestamp, an extended trajectory data set is obtained, and a power flow distribution data is generated according to the extended trajectory data set and the load flow direction data through a preset power flow tracking algorithm; The safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data.

[0010] The embodiment of the application can extend the analysis of the power grid state from "current" to "future" by predicting the operation development to obtain an operation development prediction set, avoid the limitation caused by determining the safety boundary only according to the current data, and make the determination of the safety boundary more forward-looking and dynamically adaptive; the extended trajectory data set fully reflects the expected operation trajectory of the power grid at different time points in the future under a specific device configuration, provides comprehensive and related input data for subsequent power flow distribution calculation, ensures that the power flow distribution calculation result can accurately reflect the influence of device switching on future power grid operation, and generates power flow distribution data to clearly master the change rule and key weak link of future power flow, thereby providing direct power flow basis for subsequent determination of the safety boundary; the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data, so that the safety boundary is more suitable for the actual operation condition of the power grid, and an accurate and feasible standard is provided for subsequent safety margin evaluation.

[0011] Further, the operation development of the target power grid is predicted according to the real-time power data, and an operation development prediction set is obtained, specifically: A current operation point trajectory is generated according to the real-time power data; Obtain several historical running point trajectory segments from a preset database, and sequentially calculate distance values of the current running point trajectory and each historical running point trajectory segment through a preset dynamic time warping algorithm; According to a preset distance threshold and the distance values, screen the historical running point trajectory segments to obtain a similar trajectory group. Obtain subsequent development paths of each historical running point trajectory segment in the similar trajectory group from the database to obtain a prediction path group, and obtain a running development prediction set by performing weighted average on each subsequent development path in the prediction path group.

[0012] The embodiment of the present application provides a complete current state sample for subsequent comparison with historical running trajectories by generating a current running point trajectory, ensures that the comparison and analysis can be based on continuous state changes rather than instantaneous states, improves the accuracy of comparison, screens historical trajectories similar to the current running state change rule from historical data to provide referenceable historical cases for predicting future running development, obtains subsequent development paths to form a prediction path group, that is, collects future development results of multiple "similar historical cases", and performs weighted average on each subsequent development path to comprehensively consider the information of multiple historical cases, avoid the influence of the contingency of a single historical case on the prediction result, and obtain a more objective and accurate running development prediction set.

[0013] Further, the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data, and specifically: According to the power flow distribution data, extract active power values and reactive power values of each key section of the target power grid to obtain a power combination point set, and screen the power value set according to a preset voltage stability constraint and a thermal stability limit to obtain a safe power combination point set. According to the safe power combination point set, a safety boundary contour line is generated, wherein the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of each point on the safety boundary contour line are safety boundary position coordinates.

[0014] The embodiment of the application simplifies the complex power flow distribution of the power grid into the power state set of the key sections by combining the active power and reactive power values of each key section into a power combination point to form a power combination point set, provides a clear and focused analysis object for subsequent screening of safe power states, avoids low efficiency caused by comprehensive analysis of all nodes and lines, and screens the power combination point set according to the preset voltage stability constraint and thermal stability limit to eliminate the power combination points whose active power exceeds the thermal stability limit or whose reactive power does not meet the voltage stability constraint, and obtains a safe power combination point set representing all possible power states of each key section under safe operation conditions, which provides a safe state sample for subsequent generation of a safe boundary contour line. The position of the safe boundary is quantified by generating the safe boundary contour line, so that the power grid operator can clearly and intuitively judge whether the power state of the current key section is within the safe range, and a clear and quantifiable boundary standard is provided for subsequent safety margin evaluation.

[0015] Further, the current safety margin of the target power grid is evaluated according to the safe boundary, specifically: The current active power and current reactive power of the target power grid are obtained, and the active power and reactive power are mapped into a current operating point; The minimum Euclidean distance from the current operating point to the safe boundary contour line is calculated, and the minimum Euclidean distance is determined as the current safety margin; If the current safety margin is less than a preset safety margin threshold, it is determined that the safety margin of the target power grid does not meet the preset condition.

[0016] In the embodiment of the application, the current active power and reactive power are core parameters reflecting the current operation state of the power grid, especially the current active power and reactive power of the key section, which directly determine the current operation state of the key section. Mapping these two parameters into a current operating point (a point in a two-dimensional coordinate system with active power as the horizontal coordinate and reactive power as the vertical coordinate) can convert the abstract power grid operation state into an intuitive and locatable geometric point, providing a specific analysis object for subsequent calculation of the distance from the point to the safe boundary, and converting the safety margin evaluation from an abstract concept to a quantifiable geometric calculation problem. By determining the minimum Euclidean distance as the current safety margin, the current safety level of the power grid can be quantified, avoiding the ambiguity of judging the safety state by qualitative description, and providing a clear quantitative basis for subsequent judgment of whether regulation is needed.

[0017] Further, the power transmission distribution data is pre-acquired, and a power grid operation regulation instruction is generated to regulate the safety margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction, specifically: According to the power transmission distribution data, a key power transmission section set is identified, and power margin of each key power transmission section in the key power transmission section set is calculated in sequence; According to the rate margin and the safety boundary, an active power adjustment amount and a reactive power adjustment amount are calculated, and a power grid operation control instruction is generated according to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount.

[0018] The embodiment of the application focuses on the control by identifying and forming the key power transmission section set, avoids the average force on all sections, improves the pertinence and efficiency of the control, ensures that the control resources are preferentially used to improve the sections that have the greatest impact on the safety margin, and quantifies the safety state difference of each key section by calculating the power margin of the key power transmission section, thereby providing specific data support for subsequent calculation of the required adjustment amount and avoiding blind adjustment. By calculating the power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount, the control instruction provides specific “adjustment targets”, ensuring that the control instruction has clear quantitative indicators and avoiding correct control direction but insufficient or excessive adjustment.

[0019] Further, according to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount, a power grid operation control instruction is generated, specifically: The sensitivity coefficients of each control device in the target power grid to the safety margin are calculated by a preset sensitivity analysis algorithm; wherein the control device includes a generator, a reactive power compensation device and a transformer; The control priority is determined according to the sensitivity coefficients, and a power grid operation control instruction is generated according to the control priority; wherein the power grid operation control instruction includes at least one of adjusting the active power of the generator, adjusting the reactive power of the generator, switching the capacitor bank or switching the reactor.

[0020] The embodiment of the application can clearly grasp the control efficiency of each device to the safety margin by calculating the sensitivity coefficients of each control device, thereby providing a quantitative basis for subsequent determination of the control priority and avoiding the selection of devices with low control efficiency, which leads to poor control effect and high cost. By determining the priority according to the sensitivity coefficients, i.e. preferentially selecting devices with large sensitivity coefficients for control, such devices can achieve greater safety margin improvement with smaller adjustment amount, thereby improving the safety state of the power grid in the shortest time and at the lowest cost.

[0021] Further, it further includes: The target power grid twin model is pre-constructed, the power grid operation control instruction is simulated to obtain a simulated power flow distribution, and the safety margin after the control is predicted according to the simulated power flow distribution to obtain a predicted safety margin; If the predicted safety margin still does not meet the preset condition, the regulation instruction is regenerated until the predicted safety margin meets the requirement, and the finally determined regulation instruction is issued to the target power grid to control the equipment to execute.

[0022] The power grid twin model is a digital model constructed based on digital twin technology, which is highly consistent with the physical structure and operating characteristics of the target power grid. The power grid twin model can accurately simulate the operating state changes of the power grid under different operations, simulate the execution of the regulation instruction, and predict the change of the power flow distribution of the power grid after the execution of the regulation instruction without actually operating the physical equipment. The safety margin after the regulation is predicted based on the simulated power flow distribution, and it is determined whether the instruction meets the requirements. Through the cyclic optimization mechanism, the instruction is regenerated until the predicted safety margin meets the requirements, ensuring the effectiveness of the instruction. Finally, the final instruction is issued to control the equipment to execute, and the regulation closed loop is completed.

[0023] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a safety margin dynamic regulation system for power grid operation scheduling, which comprises an operating point offset judgment module, a safety boundary determination module and a safety margin regulation module, wherein, The operating point offset judgment module is used to continuously collect real-time power data of the target power grid, and to determine whether there is an operating point offset according to the real-time power data; wherein the real-time power data includes active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; The safety boundary determination module is used to obtain the device switching record and load flow direction data of the target power grid if it is determined that there is an operating point offset, and to determine the safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching record and load flow direction data; The safety margin regulation module is used to evaluate the current safety margin of the target power grid according to the safety boundary, and to generate a power grid operation regulation instruction according to the pre-obtained power transmission distribution data if the current safety margin does not meet the preset condition, so as to realize the regulation of the safety margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction; wherein the regulation priority of the power grid operation regulation instruction is determined according to the sensitivity coefficient of each regulation device in the target power grid to the safety margin.

[0024] The embodiment of the application judges whether the operation point deviates through the operation point deviation judgment module, continuously collects real-time power data of the target power grid, provides real-time and accurate basic information for subsequent judgment of whether the operation point of the power grid deviates, ensures dynamic monitoring of the operation state of the power grid, avoids misjudgment or missed judgment of the abnormal state of the power grid due to data lag, and timely discovers the abnormal trend of the operation of the power grid by judging whether the operation point deviates, provides a trigger condition for subsequent starting of the safety boundary determination and safety margin regulation process, ensures that the regulation is started only when necessary, and avoids unnecessary intervention; the safety boundary determination module is used to determine the safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching record and load flow direction data, to clearly define the "red line" of the current safe operation of the power grid, to provide a standard and basis for subsequent evaluation of the safety margin, to make the safety margin evaluation result targeted and accurate, and to use the safety margin regulation module to generate power grid operation regulation instructions according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data when the safety margin does not meet the preset condition, to ensure that the regulation instructions are targeted at weak links of power transmission of the power grid, to realize accurate adjustment of the operation state of the power grid, to make the safety margin return to a level meeting the requirements, and to determine the regulation priority according to the sensitivity coefficient, to preferentially select the device with the most significant improvement effect on the safety margin for regulation, to improve the regulation efficiency, to reduce unnecessary device adjustment, to reduce the regulation cost and disturbance to the operation of the power grid, and to ensure that the power grid returns to a safe and stable operation state in the shortest time.

[0025] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the embodiments of the application, and to implement the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the embodiments of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application are described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A safety margin dynamic regulation method for power grid operation scheduling provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 2 A safety margin dynamic regulation system structure diagram for power grid operation scheduling provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application.

[0028] Embodiment one: As Figure 1As shown, the energy storage system cooperative control method for grid frequency modulation provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps: S101, continuously collecting real-time power data of a target grid, and determining whether there is an operating point deviation according to the real-time power data; wherein the real-time power data comprises active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; In this embodiment, the determination of whether there is an operating point deviation according to the real-time power data is specifically: through a preset time window, extracting an active power sequence and a reactive power sequence from the real-time power data, and calculating an active power deviation value and a reactive power deviation value of each sampling point according to the active power sequence, the reactive power sequence and a preset power reference data, to obtain an active power deviation sequence and a reactive power deviation sequence; wherein the power reference data comprises an active power reference value and a reactive power reference value; extracting a voltage amplitude in the real-time power data, and calculating a voltage change rate between each adjacent sampling point according to the voltage amplitude, to obtain a voltage change rate sequence; if there is a deviation value greater than a preset power deviation threshold in the active power deviation sequence or the reactive power deviation sequence, and there is a voltage change rate greater than a preset voltage change rate threshold in the voltage change rate sequence, it is determined that the target grid has an operating point deviation.

[0029] Preferably, the real-time power data needs to be pre-processed as follows: synchronously collecting four types of electrical quantity measurement data of active power, reactive power, voltage amplitude and phase angle difference from the mutual inductor and the measurement terminal of the key section of the grid, time-aligning the four types of electrical quantity measurement data according to the sampling time stamp, and storing the aligned electrical quantity measurement data in a buffer area for temporary storage; when the number of data points accumulated in the buffer area reaches a preset processing batch size, performing outlier detection and filtering processing on the data, converting the active power and the reactive power into a per-unit value form, normalizing the voltage amplitude to a rated voltage reference, converting the phase angle difference data into radian system, and constructing a filtered standardized power operation data set through data format unification and time stamp indexing.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, active power and reactive power data sequences in a continuous sampling period are extracted from a standardized power operation data set, a two-dimensional power space is established with the power values in the base case as the coordinate origin, and the power data points at each sampling time are connected in time sequence to form a moving trajectory of the operation point. According to the coordinate values of each sampling point on the moving trajectory of the operation point, the difference between the active power at the current time and the active power in the base case is calculated to obtain the active power deviation, and the difference between the reactive power at the current time and the reactive power in the base case is calculated to obtain the reactive power deviation. At the same time, the voltage amplitude sequence corresponding to the time is extracted from the data set, and the difference between the voltage amplitudes at adjacent times is divided by the sampling time interval to obtain the voltage change rate value. The active power deviation and the reactive power deviation are compared with the preset power offset critical value respectively, and if the absolute value of any deviation exceeds the corresponding critical value, an offset identification signal is generated and the out-of-limit time is recorded, and an operation point offset alarm process is activated. The alarm process includes sending an offset alarm information to a monitoring terminal. According to the out-of-limit time, the dispatching operation log is queried, and the dispatching operation record within a preset time before and after the out-of-limit time is extracted. If the time difference between the operation record execution time and the out-of-limit time is less than the preset threshold, the offset event is associated with the corresponding dispatching operation, the offset trigger source is confirmed, and the trajectory offset identification is completed.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the establishment process of the two-dimensional power space is to map the operation state of the power system into a plane coordinate system with active power as the horizontal axis and reactive power as the vertical axis.

[0032] It should be noted that the calculation of the power deviation uses the direct difference method, that is, the power measurement value at the current time is subtracted from the corresponding power value in the base case.

[0033] For example, if the active power in the base case is 1000 megawatts and the measurement value at the current time is 1150 megawatts, the active power deviation is 150 megawatts. This deviation intuitively reflects the degree of deviation of the system operation point from the steady state, and the larger the deviation, the more intense the change in the system state. The calculation method of the reactive power deviation is the same, and the two deviations together determine the position of the operation point in the two-dimensional power space.

[0034] Preferably, the calculation process of the voltage change rate involves the difference processing of the voltage amplitude time sequence.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, first, the continuous voltage amplitude sequence is extracted from the standardized power operation data set, and then the voltage difference between adjacent sampling times is calculated. The difference divided by the sampling time interval gives the instantaneous voltage change rate.

[0036] For example, if the sampling interval is 0.1 seconds, the voltage amplitude at the previous moment is 230 kV, and the current moment is 229.5 kV, then the voltage rate of change is -5 kV per second. This indicator reflects the dynamic characteristics of voltage stability, and a large change rate often indicates that the system may lose voltage stability.

[0037] Preferably, the activation process of the alarm flow includes the cooperative action of multiple links. When the offset condition is met, the system first generates an offset event record locally, which includes a timestamp, a section identifier, real-time values of various electrical parameters, and a deviation amount. Subsequently, the alarm information is pushed to the monitoring terminal of the provincial or regional dispatching center through the dispatching data network, and a sound and light alarm is triggered to remind the dispatcher to pay attention. The priority of the alarm information is dynamically adjusted according to the offset amplitude, and the larger the offset, the higher the priority, ensuring that serious offset events are handled in a timely manner.

[0038] S102, if it is determined that there is a running point offset, obtaining device switching records and load flow direction data of the target power grid, and determining a safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching records and the load flow direction data; In this embodiment, the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the device switching records and the load flow direction data, specifically: the development of the target power grid is predicted according to the real-time power data to obtain a running development prediction set; the device switching records and the running development prediction set are time-aligned through a preset timestamp to obtain an extended trajectory data set, and a power flow distribution data is generated according to the extended trajectory data set and the load flow direction data through a preset power flow tracking algorithm; and the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data.

[0039] In this embodiment, the development of the target power grid is predicted according to the real-time power data to obtain a running development prediction set, specifically: a current running point trajectory is generated according to the real-time power data; a plurality of historical running point trajectory segments are obtained from a preset database, and distance values of the current running point trajectory and each historical running point trajectory segment are calculated in sequence through a preset dynamic time warping algorithm; the historical running point trajectory segments are filtered according to a preset distance threshold and the distance values to obtain a similar trajectory group; subsequent development paths of each historical running point trajectory segment in the similar trajectory group are obtained from the database to obtain a prediction path group, and a running development prediction set is obtained by weighted average of each subsequent development path in the prediction path group.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, device switching records and real-time load flow data in a recent period are obtained from a dispatch automation database, the device switching records include circuit breaker state change information and operation time stamps, and the load flow data includes node injection power values and branch power flow direction identifiers. Deviation sequences are obtained by subtracting normal operating condition reference values from active power, reactive power, and voltage amplitude in the current operating state, and the deviation sequences are connected to form a current operating point offset trajectory. Trajectory feature point sequences are obtained by sampling the current operating point offset trajectory at fixed time intervals. Trajectory segments with the same sampling interval are extracted from historical data. Dynamic time warping algorithm is used to calculate distance values of the current trajectory feature point sequences and the historical trajectory segments. Historical trajectories with distance values less than a preset threshold are selected as a similar trajectory group. According to the subsequent development paths of the trajectories in the similar trajectory group, trajectory development trend prediction values are obtained by weighted average calculation. The operation time of the device switching records is mapped to the trajectory time axis, and device state change markers are inserted at the corresponding time to form an extended trajectory data set containing device operation information. For each time in the extended trajectory data set, the power transmission path from the power supply node to the load node is tracked according to the load flow data, the power flow values on each path are accumulated, the proportion of power on each path to the total power is calculated, and power transmission distribution is obtained.

[0041] It should be noted that the device switching records are obtained through a real-time data interface of a dispatch automation system. Whenever a circuit breaker, disconnecting switch, or other switching device changes state, the system will record the device number, action type, action time, and operation reason.

[0042] Preferably, the load flow data is calculated by a state estimation program and includes injection active power, injection reactive power of each bus node, and power flow direction and size of each branch. The deviation sequence is formed by subtracting the preset normal operating condition reference value from each sampling time electrical parameter. Active power deviation, reactive power deviation, and voltage amplitude deviation are obtained. These deviation values are arranged in time sequence to form a deviation sequence. The connection line between adjacent points in the sequence forms an operating point offset trajectory.

[0043] It should be noted that the application principle of dynamic time warping algorithm in trajectory matching is to find the minimum matching path between two trajectories by constructing a cumulative distance matrix.

[0044] Exemplarily, the current trajectory has 100 sampling points, and the historical trajectory segment has 120 sampling points. The algorithm finds the corresponding relationship that minimizes the cumulative distance of the two trajectories by a dynamic programming method, that is, even if the two trajectories are not completely consistent in time length, the trajectory patterns with similar shapes can be identified. The distance value is calculated by using the Euclidean distance, and the multi-dimensional electrical parameter difference of each sampling point is comprehensively considered. When the calculated distance value is less than a preset threshold value, it is considered that the two trajectories have similarity, and the historical trajectory is included in the similar trajectory group.

[0045] Preferably, the prediction of the trajectory development trend is based on the subsequent evolution characteristics of each historical trajectory in the similar trajectory group.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, for each historical trajectory in the similar trajectory group, the trajectory development path after the matching period is extracted, including the power change direction, the change rate and the final stable value. According to the similarity of each historical trajectory and the current trajectory, a weight coefficient is assigned, and the higher the similarity, the greater the weight. By weighted average of the subsequent path of each historical trajectory, the predicted development trend of the current trajectory is obtained.

[0047] In the embodiment, the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data, specifically: according to the power flow distribution data, the active power value and the reactive power value of each key section of the target power grid are extracted to obtain a power combination point set, and the power value set is filtered according to the preset voltage stability constraint and thermal stability limit to obtain a safe power combination point set; the safety boundary contour line is generated according to the safe power combination point set; wherein the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of each point on the safety boundary contour line are the safety boundary position coordinates.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the preset voltage stability constraint includes the upper and lower limits of the bus voltage and the voltage drop allowed range, and the preset thermal stability limit includes the line current carrying capacity limit value and the transformer capacity limit value. According to the power transmission distribution data, the active power and reactive power values of each section are extracted, and the power values are compared with the voltage stability constraint and the thermal stability limit to identify the power combination points that satisfy both types of constraint conditions. The power combination points are marked on the coordinate plane with active power as the horizontal axis and reactive power as the vertical axis, and the combination points located at the constraint edge are connected to form a safety boundary contour line. The horizontal and vertical coordinate values of each point on the safety boundary contour line are the safety boundary position coordinates. For the three adjacent position coordinate points on the safety boundary contour line, a circular arc is fitted according to the three-point coordinate values, the radius value of the fitted circular arc is calculated, and the reciprocal of the radius value is taken as the curvature value of the local boundary. The boundary curvature value distribution is calculated point by point along the boundary contour line.

[0049] It should be noted that the setting of voltage stability constraints is based on the stable operation requirements of the power system, the upper limit of bus voltage is usually set to 1.1 times the rated voltage, and the lower limit is set to 0.9 times the rated voltage, and the voltage drop allowed range is determined according to the line length and load characteristics.

[0050] It should be noted that the thermal stability limit reflects the thermal carrying capacity of the equipment, and the line current carrying capacity limit is determined by the wire material, cross-sectional area and environmental temperature, and the transformer capacity limit is determined by the winding insulation grade and cooling conditions.

[0051] It should be noted that the power transmission distribution data contains real-time power flow information of each section in the system, and by comparing the active power and reactive power values of each section with the constraint conditions one by one, the power combination that meets the requirements of voltage stability and thermal stability at the same time is selected.

[0052] Exemplarily, in a certain regional power grid analysis, there are five main transmission channels from the western power base to the eastern load center, and through load flow tracking, it is found that the first channel bears 35% of the power transmission, the second channel bears 28%, the third channel bears 20%, and the fourth and fifth channels bear 12% and 5% respectively.

[0053] Exemplarily, when the active power of a certain 500kV section is 2000MW and the reactive power is 500Mvar, if this combination keeps the bus voltage within the allowed range and the line current does not exceed the current carrying capacity limit, then this point is identified as a safe operating point.

[0054] Preferably, the formation process of the safe boundary contour line adopts the boundary tracking method. In the two-dimensional coordinate plane, after marking all power combination points that meet the constraint conditions, the point set located at the edge of the safe region is identified, and these edge points are characterized by at least one adjacent point not meeting the constraint conditions. By sequentially connecting these edge points, a closed safe boundary contour line is formed, and the internal region of the contour line represents the safe operating area, and the external region represents the out-of-limit area.

[0055] Preferably, the calculation of boundary curvature adopts the three-point circular arc fitting method. Selecting three consecutive points on the safe boundary contour line, a circle equation is established according to the three-point coordinates, and the center coordinates and radius value of the fitting circle are solved. The curvature value is defined as the reciprocal of the radius, and the smaller the radius, the greater the degree of boundary curvature, and the higher the corresponding curvature value. Along the entire boundary contour line, a sliding calculation window is calculated, and each time a point is moved, the complete boundary curvature distribution is calculated point by point, which reflects the curvature characteristics of the safe boundary at different positions.

[0056] S103, according to the security boundary, the current security margin of the target power grid is evaluated, if the current security margin does not meet the preset condition, the power transmission distribution data is generated according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data, and the power grid operation control instruction is generated to realize the control of the security margin through the power grid operation control instruction; wherein, the power grid operation control instruction determines the control priority according to the sensitivity coefficient of each control device in the target power grid to the security margin.

[0057] In the embodiment, the current security margin of the target power grid is evaluated according to the security boundary, specifically: the current active power and the current reactive power of the target power grid are obtained, and the active power and the reactive power are mapped to the current operating point; the minimum Euclidean distance from the current operating point to the security boundary contour line is calculated, and the minimum Euclidean distance is determined as the current security margin; if the current security margin is less than the preset security margin threshold, it is determined that the security margin of the target power grid does not meet the preset condition.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the active power and the reactive power are mapped to the current operating point, specifically: the active power actual operating value and the reactive power actual operating value of each key power transmission section at the current time are synchronously collected from the real-time monitoring system of the target power grid; wherein, the key power transmission section includes the tie line section connecting different regional power grids, the trunk line section bearing the main load power supply, and the sending-out section of new energy centralized grid connection, the collection frequency is consistent with the sampling frequency of real-time power data, and the timeliness and synchronization of power parameters are ensured; a two-dimensional power coordinate system with active power as abscissa and reactive power as ordinate is constructed, the abscissa range of the coordinate system covers the maximum and minimum values of the active power historical operation of the key section of the target power grid, and the ordinate range covers the maximum and minimum values of the reactive power historical operation of the key section; the current active power value is corresponded to the abscissa position of the two-dimensional power coordinate system, the current reactive power value is corresponded to the ordinate position, and the coordinate point formed by the intersection of the two is the current operating point.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the minimum Euclidean distance of the current operating point to the safety boundary contour line is calculated, specifically: all discrete coordinate points on the safety boundary contour line are extracted to form a boundary point set; for the current operating point, the straight line distance between it and each coordinate point in the boundary point set is calculated in turn, and the dimensions of the horizontal and vertical coordinates need to be unified during distance calculation, and the same unit or unified physical quantity unit (such as active power in megawatt and reactive power in megawatt) is adopted; all the calculated straight line distances are compared, and the smallest distance value is selected, which is the minimum Euclidean distance of the current operating point to the safety boundary contour line; the minimum Euclidean distance is directly determined as the safety margin of the target power grid at present, and the numerical value of the safety margin directly reflects the distance between the current power grid operating state and the safety boundary, and the larger the numerical value, the safer the power grid operates, and the smaller the numerical value, the closer the power grid is to the safe operating limit.

[0060] It should be noted that a preset safety margin threshold is required, which is determined according to the operating characteristics, historical fault data and safety operation requirements of the target power grid; for the urban power grid with frequent load fluctuations, the threshold can be appropriately increased to reserve more safety buffer space; for the power grid with low new energy penetration rate and stable operation state, the threshold can be appropriately reduced under the premise of ensuring safety, and after the threshold is determined, it needs to be stored in the system database and support dynamic adjustment according to the changes of power grid topology or operation requirements.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the current safety margin is compared with the preset safety margin threshold, if the numerical value of the current safety margin is less than the safety margin threshold, it is determined that the safety margin of the target power grid does not meet the preset condition, and the subsequent power grid operation regulation process needs to be started; if the current safety margin is greater than or equal to the safety margin threshold, it is determined that the safety margin meets the preset condition, and the power grid is currently in a safe operating state, and there is no need to start regulation.

[0062] In this embodiment, according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data, the power grid operation regulation instruction is generated to realize the regulation of the safety margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction, specifically: according to the power transmission distribution data, the key power transmission sections whose influence on the safety margin exceeds a preset influence threshold are identified to obtain a key power transmission section set, and the power margin of each key power transmission section in the key power transmission section set is calculated in turn; according to the power margin and the safety boundary, the required active power adjustment amount and reactive power adjustment amount are calculated, and the power grid operation regulation instruction is generated according to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, the key power transmission section identification is specifically: from the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data, the power transmission proportion, power fluctuation frequency and correlation coefficient with safety margin of all power transmission sections of the target power grid are extracted; wherein the power transmission proportion is the proportion of the power transmission value of the section to the total power transmission value of the whole network, the power fluctuation frequency is the number of times that the power of the section changes more than the preset fluctuation amplitude per unit time, the correlation coefficient is obtained by historical data statistical analysis, and reflects the influence degree of the power change of the section on the overall safety margin. A preset influence threshold is set, which is determined by comprehensively considering the power grid safety operation standard, historical fault section characteristics and dispatching experience value, for example, the section with power transmission proportion more than 15%, power fluctuation frequency more than 5 times per hour and correlation coefficient greater than 0.6 is set as a high influence threshold interval. The power transmission proportion, power fluctuation frequency and correlation coefficient of each power transmission section are compared with the corresponding threshold respectively, if at least two of the three indicators of any section exceed the corresponding threshold, or the single indicator far exceeds the threshold (such as power transmission proportion more than 25%), the section is included in the key power transmission section set.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, the power margin calculation is specifically: for each section in the key power transmission section set, the rated transmission power upper limit (determined according to the section line type, conductor material, heat dissipation condition and power grid design standard) and the current actual transmission power of the section are obtained; then the difference between the rated transmission power upper limit and the current actual transmission power is calculated, which is the active power margin of the section; at the same time, the reactive power compensation limit value (determined by the capacity of the reactive power compensation device matched with the section and the power grid voltage stability requirement) and the current actual reactive power of the section are obtained, and the difference between the two is calculated to obtain the reactive power margin; the active power margin and the reactive power margin are integrated to form the comprehensive power margin of the key power transmission section, which comprehensively reflects the remaining safety space of the section in power transmission.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the power adjustment amount is calculated, specifically: based on the comprehensive power margin of the key power transmission section, in combination with the safety boundary contour line, the deviation of the current power state of each key section from the safety boundary is analyzed. For the active power adjustment amount, if the active power margin of a key section is less than the minimum active margin requirement corresponding to the safety boundary, the difference between the current active power margin and the minimum active margin requirement of the section is calculated, which is the active power adjustment amount that needs to be supplemented; if the active power margin exceeds the reasonable range corresponding to the safety boundary, the value of the excess part is calculated as the active power adjustment amount that needs to be reduced. For the reactive power adjustment amount, similarly, according to the deviation of the reactive power margin of the key section from the minimum reactive margin requirement corresponding to the safety boundary, the reactive power adjustment amount that needs to be supplemented or reduced is determined. In the calculation process, the power balance between each key section needs to be considered to avoid power imbalance in other sections caused by single-section adjustment, for example, when the active power of a key section in a certain region needs to be increased, the active output capacity of the surrounding power supply point needs to be considered simultaneously to ensure that the adjustment amount is within the overall power balance range of the power grid.

[0066] In the embodiment, according to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount, a power grid operation control instruction is generated, specifically: through a preset sensitivity analysis algorithm, a sensitivity coefficient of each control device in the target power grid to the safety margin is calculated; wherein the control device includes a generator, a reactive power compensation device and a transformer; according to the sensitivity coefficient, a control priority is determined, and according to the control priority, a power grid operation control instruction is generated; wherein the power grid operation control instruction includes at least one of adjusting the active power of the generator, adjusting the reactive power of the generator, switching in or out a capacitor bank or switching in or out a reactor.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, the preset sensitivity analysis algorithm uses a step-by-step perturbation method, which needs to construct a calculation model based on the topology structure, device parameters and real-time operation state of the target power grid. First, the basic parameters of each control device are extracted from the power grid dispatching database, wherein the rated power, maximum output, minimum output, adjustment response time and voltage adjustment range of the generator are obtained; the rated compensation capacity, switching step and allowed switching times of the reactive power compensation device (including capacitor bank and reactor) are obtained; the transformer needs to obtain the transformer ratio adjustment range, tap changer adjustment step and adjustment response delay. At the same time, the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount calculated in the foregoing are imported, as well as the safety boundary parameters, as input conditions for sensitivity calculation.

[0068] Further, the sensitivity coefficient is calculated according to the device type: (1) Generator sensitivity coefficient calculation: For each generator, based on the current operating output, gradually increase or decrease its active power output by a preset step (e.g. 5% of rated power), simultaneously monitor the change in target grid safety margin, calculate the safety margin change value caused by unit active power adjustment, which is the active sensitivity coefficient of the generator; Similarly, gradually adjust the reactive power output of the generator, calculate the safety margin change value corresponding to unit reactive power adjustment, get the reactive sensitivity coefficient, finally integrate into the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient of the generator.

[0069] (2) Reactive power compensation device sensitivity coefficient calculation: For each capacitor bank or reactor, gradually switch by its switching step (e.g. 20% of single compensation capacity), record the change of grid safety margin after each switching, calculate the safety margin change value caused by unit compensation capacity switching, as the sensitivity coefficient of the device; If the device has multiple parallel groups, the sensitivity coefficients of single switching and multiple groups joint switching need to be calculated respectively, and the average value is taken as the final coefficient.

[0070] (3) Transformer sensitivity coefficient calculation: For each transformer, adjust the ratio by the tap changer adjustment step, monitor the influence of grid voltage distribution and power flow change on safety margin, calculate the safety margin change value corresponding to unit ratio adjustment, which is the sensitivity coefficient of the transformer; At the same time, the load rate of the transformer needs to be considered, if the load rate exceeds 80%, the sensitivity coefficient needs to be corrected to avoid distortion of the coefficient due to overload.

[0071] Further, after the calculation of the sensitivity coefficients of all devices is completed, by comparing the coefficient data of the same period under similar operating conditions, if the deviation exceeds 10%, the disturbance step is adjusted again (e.g. reduced to 3% of rated parameters) to calculate again to ensure the accuracy of the coefficient; At the same time, the calculation results under abnormal state of the device (such as generator failure, compensation device maintenance) are excluded to avoid invalid data affecting the subsequent priority determination.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, set the sensitivity coefficient priority division standard, divide the sensitivity coefficient into three levels according to the value, among which the absolute value of the coefficient greater than 0.8 is high priority (the adjustment amount of unit has significant improvement effect on safety margin), the absolute value of the coefficient between 0.3 and 0.8 is medium priority (the improvement effect is moderate), and the absolute value of the coefficient less than 0.3 is low priority (the improvement effect is weak); If multiple devices are in the same priority, sort them according to the response time of the device adjustment, the device with short response time (such as generator active regulation response time less than 10 seconds) is prior to the device with long response time (such as transformer ratio regulation response time greater than 30 seconds).

[0073] Further, the high-priority devices are preferentially assigned to the adjustment tasks, for example, if a generator has a 0.9 active power sensitivity coefficient and a 8-second response time, it is preferentially arranged to undertake the main active power adjustment task, and the allocation proportion is not less than 60% of the total adjustment amount; if the total adjustment capacity of the high-priority devices cannot meet the adjustment amount demand, the remaining part is allocated to the medium-priority devices.

[0074] It should be noted that the medium-priority devices mainly undertake the adjustment amount that cannot be covered by the high-priority devices, and the allocation proportion is not more than 30% of the total adjustment amount; the low-priority devices are only enabled when the adjustment amount is extremely small (such as within 10% of the total adjustment amount) or other devices are all in full load state, and need to synchronously monitor the changes of other parameters in the adjustment process to avoid causing new operation risks.

[0075] Further, according to the priority allocation result, the control and regulation instructions containing the device identification, adjustment type, adjustment amplitude, adjustment time limit and safety check requirements are generated according to the instruction format requirements of the power grid dispatching automation system. Among them, the instruction for adjusting the active power of the generator needs to clearly indicate the target output value and the adjustment rate (such as increasing 5 megawatts per minute); the instruction for adjusting the reactive power of the generator needs to clearly indicate the target reactive power output value and the voltage control range; the instruction for switching the capacitor bank or the reactor needs to clearly indicate the switching group number, the single group capacity and the switching interval time (such as 30 seconds for each group); all instructions need to be accompanied by check conditions, and if the device state is abnormal (such as the generator output exceeding the limit value) during the execution process, the instruction execution needs to be automatically paused and fed back to the dispatching center.

[0076] Further, the generated control and regulation instructions are imported into the pre-constructed power grid simulation model (consistent with the parameters of the target power grid twin model), the instruction execution process is simulated, the safety margin of the power grid after execution is verified to meet the preset conditions, if the simulation result shows that the safety margin still does not meet the requirements, the priority allocation proportion is adjusted again (such as increasing the adjustment amount of the high-priority devices) and verified again, until the simulation result is qualified, and the final instruction is issued to the control terminal of the corresponding control and regulation device through the dispatching data network.

[0077] In the embodiment, the target power grid twin model is also pre-constructed, and the execution of the power grid operation control and regulation instruction is simulated through the pre-constructed target power grid twin model to obtain a simulated power flow distribution, and the safety margin after regulation is predicted according to the simulated power flow distribution to obtain a predicted safety margin; if the predicted safety margin still does not meet the preset conditions, the control and regulation instruction is regenerated until the predicted safety margin meets the requirements, and the finally determined control and regulation instruction is issued to the target power grid to control the devices to execute.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the twin model is pre-constructed and synchronized with parameters, specifically: the pre-constructed target power grid twin model is based on the physical topology structure of the actual power grid, containing digital models of all key devices such as generators, transmission lines, transformers, and reactive compensation devices, and the device parameters are consistent with the actual devices - the generator model enters the rated power, the governor response characteristic, and the excitation system parameters; the transmission line model enters the line impedance, admittance, and thermal stability limit; the transformer model enters the transformation ratio, short-circuit voltage, and tap changer adjustment range; the reactive compensation device model enters the compensation capacity and switching step. After the model is constructed, it is connected to the SCADA system (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, data acquisition and monitoring control system) and EMS system (Energy Management System, energy management system) of the target power grid through a real-time data interface, synchronizing the real-time power data (active power, reactive power, voltage amplitude, device operating state) of the actual power grid every 10 seconds, ensuring that the twin model is highly consistent with the operating state of the actual power grid, and avoiding distortion of the simulation results due to parameter deviation.

[0079] Further, the power grid operation control instruction is imported and simulated: the generated power grid operation control instruction is imported into the instruction simulation module of the twin model according to the standardized format (including instruction number, device ID, adjustment type, adjustment amplitude, and execution timing). During simulation execution, the model executes the instructions step by step according to the device response logic of the actual power grid - for example, when executing the "adjust the active power of a generator" instruction, the model first simulates the delay time (usually 0.5-2 seconds) of the generator governor receiving the instruction signal, and then gradually changes the generator output according to the required adjustment rate (such as increasing 5 megawatts per minute); when executing the "switching capacitor bank" instruction, the model simulates the breaker action time (usually 0.1-0.3 seconds), and simultaneously calculates the changes in the grid node voltage and reactive power distribution after switching. During the simulation execution process, the power flow data of each node and each transmission section of the power grid are recorded every 2 seconds to form a complete set of simulation power flow distribution data, which includes the active power flow direction and value, reactive power flow direction and value, node voltage amplitude, line current, and other key parameters of each section.

[0080] Further, after the simulation of the tidal flow distribution, it is compared with the actual real-time tidal flow data of the synchronized model. If the simulated active power of a certain power transmission section deviates from the actual active power by more than 5%, or the simulated voltage amplitude of a certain node deviates from the actual voltage amplitude by more than 2%, it is determined that the simulation result is deviated. At this time, it is necessary to check whether the instruction import format is correct, and whether the parameters of the corresponding equipment in the model are consistent with the actual situation (such as whether the generator excitation system parameters are updated). If there is a parameter deviation, the model parameters are corrected, and if there is an instruction format problem, the instructions are re-imported, and the simulation process is executed again until the deviation between the simulated tidal flow distribution and the actual tidal flow data meets the preset accuracy requirement (section power deviation ≤3%, node voltage deviation ≤1%), ensuring the accuracy of subsequent safety margin prediction.

[0081] Further, referring to the safety margin evaluation method described above, the active power values and reactive power values of each key power transmission section are extracted from the simulated tidal flow distribution data set and mapped to the simulation operating point in the twin model. Then the safety boundary contour line parameters are extracted, and the minimum Euclidean distance from each simulation operating point to the safety boundary contour line is calculated. This distance is the predicted safety margin after regulation. During the calculation process, it is necessary to ensure the dimensional consistency - the active power is in units of megawatts, the reactive power is in units of megavolt-ampere, and the coordinate units of the safety boundary contour line are consistent; at the same time, the minimum value of the predicted safety margin of multiple key sections is taken as the predicted safety margin of the whole target power grid, to avoid the risk of ignoring other weak sections due to the compliance of a single section.

[0082] Further, the preset condition contains two judgment standards - the first is the "absolute threshold standard", that is, the predicted safety margin needs to be greater than or equal to the set safety margin threshold (such as 50 megawatt-megavolt-ampere comprehensive margin value); the second is the "trend stability standard", that is, the fluctuation amplitude of the predicted safety margin calculated by the simulation for three consecutive times needs to be less than 10%, to ensure the stability of the regulation effect and avoid the situation of "instantaneous compliance but subsequent decline". If the predicted safety margin meets both standards, it is determined to meet the preset condition; if either standard is not met (such as the predicted safety margin is less than the threshold, or the fluctuation amplitude exceeds 10%), it is determined that it does not meet the preset condition, and the regulation instruction optimization process needs to be started.

[0083] Regulation instruction regeneration and iterative optimization: if the predicted safety margin does not meet the preset condition, first analyze the reason for not meeting the standard - if the power adjustment amount of a certain key section is insufficient, resulting in a low predicted safety margin of the section, the active or reactive power adjustment amount of the section needs to be increased (such as the original adjustment amount is 20 megawatts, which can be increased to 30 megawatts) according to the power adjustment amount calculation method described above; if the adjustment capacity of the control equipment is insufficient (such as a certain generator has reached the maximum output but still cannot meet the adjustment demand), high-sensitivity coefficient control equipment needs to be replaced (such as replacing the original generator adjustment task with another generator with a higher sensitivity coefficient) according to the sensitivity coefficient calculation and priority determination method described above. After the regulation instruction is regenerated, the twin model is imported again to perform the simulation process, calculate the new predicted safety margin and compare it with the preset condition, and iterate and optimize until the predicted safety margin meets the preset condition. Set the maximum number of iterations (such as 5 times) during the iteration process, if it still does not meet the standard after reaching the maximum number, the alarm mechanism is triggered, and the "manual intervention is needed" prompt information is pushed to the dispatch center, to avoid infinite loop.

[0084] Further, after all the regulation instructions are executed, the real-time power flow data of the actual power grid is collected, the actual safety margin is calculated, and it is compared with the safety margin predicted by the twin model - if the deviation between the two is less than 5%, it is determined that the regulation task is completed and the safety margin reaches the expected effect; if the deviation exceeds 5%, the reason for the deviation is analyzed (such as the twin model does not completely simulate the disturbance factors of the actual power grid), and the reason is recorded in the historical database, providing a basis for subsequent model optimization and regulation strategy improvement.

[0085] This invention continuously collects real-time power data from the target power grid, providing accurate and timely information for determining whether the grid's operating point has shifted. This ensures dynamic monitoring of the grid's operating status, avoiding misjudgments or omissions of abnormal grid conditions due to data lag. By determining whether there is an operating point shift, it promptly detects abnormal trends in grid operation, providing triggering conditions for subsequent safety boundary determination and safety margin control processes. This ensures that control is initiated only when necessary, avoiding unnecessary intervention. By determining the safety boundary of the target power grid based on equipment switching records and load flow data, it clarifies the "red line" for the grid's current safe operation, providing a basis for subsequent safety assessments. The safety margin provides standards and a basis for ensuring the relevance and accuracy of safety margin assessment results. When the safety margin fails to meet preset conditions, power grid operation control commands are generated based on pre-acquired power transmission distribution data. This ensures that the control commands target weak links in power transmission, achieving precise adjustments to the power grid's operating state and restoring the safety margin to a compliant level. Furthermore, by determining control priorities based on sensitivity coefficients, the system prioritizes control of equipment that most significantly improves the safety margin, increasing control efficiency, reducing unnecessary equipment adjustments, lowering control costs and disturbances to power grid operation, and ensuring the power grid returns to a safe and stable operating state in the shortest possible time. Compared to existing technologies, this invention improves the stability of power grid operation through precise and efficient dynamic control of the safety margin.

[0086] Example 2: like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a dynamic control system for safety margin in power grid operation scheduling, including an operating point offset judgment module 201, a safety boundary determination module 202, and a safety margin control module 203, wherein... The operating point offset judgment module 201 is used to continuously collect real-time power data of the target power grid and determine whether there is an operating point offset based on the real-time power data; wherein, the real-time power data includes active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; In the embodiment, the operating point deviation judgment module 201 judges whether there is an operating point deviation according to the real-time power data, specifically: the operating point deviation judgment module 201 extracts an active power sequence and a reactive power sequence from the real-time power data through a preset time window, and calculates an active power deviation value and a reactive power deviation value of each sampling point according to the active power sequence, the reactive power sequence and a preset power reference data, to obtain an active power deviation sequence and a reactive power deviation sequence; wherein the power reference data includes an active power reference value and a reactive power reference value; the voltage amplitude in the real-time power data is extracted, and the voltage change rate between each adjacent sampling point is calculated according to the voltage amplitude to obtain a voltage change rate sequence; if there is a deviation value greater than a preset power deviation threshold in the active power deviation sequence or the reactive power deviation sequence, and there is a voltage change rate greater than a preset voltage change rate threshold in the voltage change rate sequence, it is determined that the target power grid has an operating point deviation.

[0087] The safety boundary determination module 202 is configured to, if it is determined that there is an operating point deviation, acquire device switching record and load flow direction data of the target power grid, and determine the safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching record and the load flow direction data. In the embodiment, the safety boundary determination module 202 determines the safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching record and the load flow direction data, specifically: the safety boundary determination module 202 predicts the operation development of the target power grid according to the real-time power data to obtain an operation development prediction set; the device switching record and the operation development prediction set are time-aligned through a preset time stamp to obtain an extended trajectory data set, and the power flow distribution data is generated according to the extended trajectory data set and the load flow direction data through a preset power flow tracking algorithm; the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data.

[0088] The safety margin regulation module 203 is configured to evaluate the current safety margin of the target power grid according to the safety boundary, and if the current safety margin does not meet a preset condition, generate a power grid operation regulation instruction according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data, so as to realize the regulation of the safety margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction; wherein the power grid operation regulation instruction determines the regulation priority according to the sensitivity coefficient of each regulation device in the target power grid to the safety margin.

[0089] In this embodiment, the safety margin regulation module 203 evaluates the current safety margin of the target power grid according to the safety boundary, specifically: the safety margin regulation module 203 obtains the current active power and the current reactive power of the target power grid, and maps the active power and the reactive power to the current operating point; calculates the minimum Euclidean distance from the current operating point to the safety boundary contour line, and determines the minimum Euclidean distance as the current safety margin; if the current safety margin is less than the preset safety margin threshold, it is determined that the safety margin of the target power grid does not meet the preset condition.

[0090] In this embodiment, the safety margin regulation module 203 generates a power grid operation regulation instruction according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data, so as to realize the regulation of the safety margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction, specifically: the safety margin regulation module 203 identifies the key power transmission section whose influence on the safety margin exceeds a preset influence threshold according to the power transmission distribution data, obtains a key power transmission section set, and calculates the power margin of each key power transmission section in the key power transmission section set in turn; according to the rate margin and the safety boundary, the required active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount are calculated, and the power grid operation regulation instruction is generated according to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount.

[0091] The more detailed working principle and step flow of this embodiment can be but not limited to referring to the related records of embodiment one.

[0092] The embodiment of the present application continuously collects real-time power data of the target power grid through the operation point offset judgment module 201, provides real-time and accurate basic information for subsequent judgment of whether the operation point of the power grid is offset, ensures dynamic monitoring of the operation state of the power grid, avoids misjudgment or missed judgment of the abnormal state of the power grid due to data lag, and timely discovers the abnormal trend of the operation of the power grid by judging whether there is an operation point offset, provides a trigger condition for subsequent start of the safety boundary determination and safety margin regulation process, ensures that the regulation is started only when necessary, and avoids unnecessary intervention; through the safety boundary determination module 202, the safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the device switching record and the load flow direction data, the current safe operation "red line" of the power grid is determined, a standard and basis for subsequent safety margin evaluation are provided, the safety margin evaluation result is targeted and accurate; through the safety margin regulation module 203, when the safety margin does not meet the preset condition, the power transmission distribution data obtained in advance is used to generate a power grid operation regulation instruction, the regulation instruction is ensured to be targeted at the weak link of power transmission of the power grid, accurate adjustment of the operation state of the power grid is realized, the safety margin is restored to a level meeting the requirements, wherein the regulation priority is determined according to the sensitivity coefficient, the device with the most significant improvement effect on the safety margin is preferentially selected for regulation, the regulation efficiency is improved, unnecessary device adjustment is reduced, the regulation cost and disturbance to the operation of the power grid are reduced, and the power grid is ensured to restore the safe and stable operation state in the shortest time.

[0093] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments of each method. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0094] The above-described specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application. It should be understood that the above-described specific embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. It is particularly pointed out that any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic regulation of safety margin for power grid operation scheduling, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: continuously collecting real-time power data of a target power grid, and determining whether there is an operating point deviation according to the real-time power data; wherein the real-time power data comprises active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; if it is determined that there is an operating point deviation, obtaining device switching records and load flow direction data of the target power grid, and determining a safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching records and the load flow direction data; evaluating a current safety margin of the target power grid according to the safety boundary, and if the current safety margin does not meet a preset condition, generating a power grid operation control instruction according to pre-obtained power transmission distribution data, so as to realize the control of the safety margin through the power grid operation control instruction; wherein the control priority of the power grid operation control instruction is determined according to the sensitivity coefficient of each control device in the target power grid to the safety margin.

2. The method for dynamic regulation of safety margin for power grid operation scheduling according to claim 1, wherein, The determination of whether there is an operating point deviation according to the real-time power data is specifically as follows: extracting an active power sequence and a reactive power sequence from the real-time power data through a preset time window, and calculating an active power deviation value and a reactive power deviation value of each sampling point according to the active power sequence, the reactive power sequence and a preset power reference data to obtain an active power deviation sequence and a reactive power deviation sequence; wherein the power reference data comprises an active power reference value and a reactive power reference value; extracting the voltage amplitude in the real-time power data, and calculating the voltage change rate between each adjacent sampling point according to the voltage amplitude to obtain a voltage change rate sequence; if there is a deviation value greater than a preset power deviation threshold in the active power deviation sequence or the reactive power deviation sequence, and there is a voltage change rate greater than a preset voltage change rate threshold in the voltage change rate sequence, it is determined that there is an operating point deviation in the target power grid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The determination of the safety boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching records and the load flow direction data is specifically as follows: predicting the development of the operation of the target power grid according to the real-time power data to obtain a development prediction set of the operation; aligning the device switching records and the development prediction set of the operation in time through a preset time stamp to obtain an extended trajectory data set, and generating power flow distribution data according to the extended trajectory data set and the load flow direction data through a preset power flow tracking algorithm; determining the safety boundary of the target power grid according to the power flow distribution data.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the safety margin is dynamically adjusted according to the grid operation schedule. The prediction of the development of the operation of the target power grid according to the real-time power data to obtain a development prediction set of the operation is specifically as follows: generating a current operating point trajectory according to the real-time power data; obtaining a plurality of historical operating point trajectory segments from a preset database, and calculating distance values of the current operating point trajectory and each historical operating point trajectory segment in turn through a preset dynamic time warping algorithm; screening the historical operating point trajectory segments according to a preset distance threshold and the distance values to obtain a similar trajectory group; Obtaining subsequent development paths of each historical running point trajectory segment in the similar trajectory group from the database, obtaining a prediction path group, and obtaining a running development prediction set by performing a weighted average on each subsequent development path in the prediction path group.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the safety margin is dynamically adjusted according to the grid operation schedule. The safety boundary of the target power grid is determined according to the power flow distribution data, specifically: According to the power flow distribution data, the active power value and the reactive power value of each key section of the target power grid are extracted to obtain a power combination point set, and the power value set is screened according to the preset voltage stability constraint and thermal stability limit to obtain a safe power combination point set. According to the safe power combination point set, a safety boundary contour line is generated, and the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of each point on the safety boundary contour line are safety boundary position coordinates.

6. The method for dynamic regulation of safety margin for power grid operation scheduling according to claim 5, wherein, The current safety margin of the target power grid is evaluated according to the safety boundary, specifically: Obtaining the current active power and the current reactive power of the target power grid, and mapping the active power and the reactive power to a current operating point; Calculating the minimum Euclidean distance from the current operating point to the safety boundary contour line, and determining the minimum Euclidean distance as the current safety margin; If the current safety margin is less than the preset safety margin threshold, it is determined that the safety margin of the target power grid does not meet the preset condition.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: According to the pre-obtained power transmission distribution data, a power grid operation control instruction is generated to realize the control of the safety margin through the power grid operation control instruction, specifically: According to the power transmission distribution data, a key power transmission section set is obtained by identifying key power transmission sections that affect the safety margin beyond a preset impact threshold, and the power margin of each key power transmission section in the key power transmission section set is calculated in turn; According to the rate margin and the safety boundary, the required active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount are calculated, and the power grid operation control instruction is generated according to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount.

8. The method for dynamic regulation of safety margin for power grid operation scheduling according to claim 7, wherein, According to the active power adjustment amount and the reactive power adjustment amount, a power grid operation control instruction is generated, specifically: The sensitivity coefficients of each control device in the target power grid to the safety margin are calculated through a preset sensitivity analysis algorithm; wherein the control device includes a generator, a reactive power compensation device and a transformer; According to the sensitivity coefficients, the control priority is determined, and the power grid operation control instruction is generated according to the control priority; wherein the power grid operation control instruction includes at least one of adjusting the active power of the generator, adjusting the reactive power of the generator, switching the capacitor bank or switching the reactor.

9. The method for dynamic regulation of safety margin for power grid operation scheduling according to claim 7, wherein, Further comprising: Through the pre-constructed target power grid twin model, the power grid operation control instruction is simulated to obtain a simulated power flow distribution, and the safety margin after control is predicted according to the simulated power flow distribution to obtain a predicted safety margin; If the predicted safety margin still does not meet the preset condition, the control instruction is regenerated until the predicted safety margin meets the requirement, and the finally determined control instruction is issued to the target power grid to control the equipment to execute.

10. A security margin dynamic regulation system for power grid operation scheduling, characterized in that, It includes an operating point offset judgment module, a safety boundary determination module and a safety margin control module, wherein, The operating point deviation judgment module is configured to continuously collect real-time power data of the target power grid, and judge whether there is operating point deviation according to the real-time power data; wherein the real-time power data includes active power, reactive power and voltage amplitude; The safe boundary determination module is configured to, if it is determined that there is operating point deviation, acquire device switching record and load flow direction data of the target power grid, and determine the safe boundary of the target power grid according to the device switching record and load flow direction data; The safe margin regulation module is configured to evaluate the current safe margin of the target power grid according to the safe boundary, and if the current safe margin does not meet a preset condition, generate a power grid operation regulation instruction according to the pre-acquired power transmission distribution data, so as to realize regulation of the safe margin through the power grid operation regulation instruction; wherein the power grid operation regulation instruction determines a regulation priority according to a sensitivity coefficient of each regulation device in the target power grid to the safe margin.

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