A Bluetooth chip low-power wireless battery charge and discharge management system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of Bluetooth chip low-power management technology, and discloses a Bluetooth chip low-power wireless battery charging and discharging management system. The system includes a protocol parsing module, a dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module, a charging and discharging control module, and a dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module. The protocol parsing module obtains the broadcast interval parameters, device status identifiers, and energy mode commands from the Bluetooth chip communication protocol; the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module parses the protocol data and constructs a dynamic adjustment architecture; the charging and discharging control module generates charging and discharging loop control signals based on this architecture; and the dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module selects between wireless charging and battery power supply modes based on the current energy source status and communication protocol data. This system achieves adaptive regulation of Bluetooth device energy management, reducing overall power consumption and extending device battery life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Bluetooth chip low power management technology, specifically to a Bluetooth chip low power wireless battery charge and discharge management system. Background Technology

[0002] Bluetooth devices are widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable devices, and their energy management directly affects the device's battery life and user experience. Traditional Bluetooth devices often use fixed strategies for energy management, such as switching operating modes based on battery level thresholds or using timed detection mechanisms to adjust power consumption. These methods lack the ability to dynamically respond to the actual operating status of the device and the communication environment, making it difficult to adapt to changing usage scenarios.

[0003] In existing technologies, Bluetooth chip energy management largely relies on hardware circuit design, such as triggering the charging switch via a voltage comparator, or employing basic software strategies like sleep-wake mechanisms. While these methods can achieve a certain degree of energy saving, they do not fully consider the actual impact of communication parameters in the Bluetooth protocol, such as broadcast intervals and connection events, on energy consumption. On the other hand, existing wireless energy harvesting systems typically operate independently of the communication protocol, switching modes only based on the energy source intensity, failing to coordinate with device communication behavior, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, most existing systems employ a single energy management mode, lacking the ability to smoothly switch between hybrid energy sources (such as RF energy harvesting and battery power). When environmental energy fluctuates significantly, frequent switching of power supply modes can increase system losses and reduce system stability. Some solutions attempt to introduce rule-based energy allocation strategies, but still lack deep analysis and utilization of the Bluetooth protocol layer, failing to achieve true dynamic power consumption matching. Therefore, a system that deeply integrates the Bluetooth communication protocol and energy management mechanism is needed. By analyzing protocol parameters in real time, a dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture can be constructed, enabling more precise and adaptive charge and discharge control, and improving the energy efficiency and battery life of Bluetooth devices in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a Bluetooth chip low-power wireless battery charging and discharging management system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a Bluetooth chip low-power wireless battery charging and discharging management system, the system comprising:

[0007] The protocol parsing module is used to obtain the communication protocol data of the Bluetooth chip; wherein, the communication protocol data includes broadcast interval parameters, device status identifiers, and energy mode instructions;

[0008] A dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module is used to perform protocol parsing on the communication protocol data to obtain protocol parsing parameters, and to construct a dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture based on the protocol parsing parameters.

[0009] A charge / discharge control module is used to generate charge / discharge loop control signals based on the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture.

[0010] The dual-mode radio frequency energy acquisition module is used to obtain the current energy source status and select wireless charging mode or battery power supply mode based on the communication protocol data, the current energy source status and the control signals of each charging and discharging circuit.

[0011] Preferably, before the protocol parsing module obtains the communication protocol data of the Bluetooth chip, it further includes:

[0012] The configuration management module is used to configure and parse the initial communication protocol based on the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol specification and according to preset protocol configuration rules to obtain the communication protocol data.

[0013] Preferably, the step of parsing the communication protocol data to obtain protocol parsing parameters includes:

[0014] Identify the energy management field in the communication protocol data; wherein the energy management field includes a broadcast interval field, a power consumption level field, and a device operating mode field;

[0015] The communication protocol data is parsed and extracted based on the energy management field to obtain broadcast interval parameters, power consumption level parameters, and device operating mode parameters.

[0016] Preferably, the step of constructing a dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture based on the protocol parsing parameters includes:

[0017] A dynamic power scheduling strategy is generated based on the broadcast interval parameter, the power consumption level parameter, and the device operating mode parameter;

[0018] The dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture is constructed based on the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy.

[0019] Preferably, the generation of charge / discharge loop control signals based on the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture includes:

[0020] A charging circuit trigger signal is generated based on the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy in the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture.

[0021] The discharge loop control signal is generated based on the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy in the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture.

[0022] A standby wake-up synchronization signal is generated based on the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy in the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture.

[0023] Preferably, the step of selecting the wireless charging mode or the battery power supply mode based on the communication protocol data, the current energy source status, and the control signals of each charging and discharging circuit includes:

[0024] The wireless charging mode is activated based on the device operating mode parameters in the communication protocol data, the current energy source status, and the charging circuit trigger signal.

[0025] Based on the device operating mode parameters in the communication protocol data, the current energy source status, and the discharge circuit control signal, the device is switched to battery power mode.

[0026] The periodic wake-up timing of the dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module is controlled based on the broadcast interval parameter and the standby wake-up synchronization signal.

[0027] Preferably, the system further includes:

[0028] An adaptive load prediction module is used to generate load prediction results based on historical device usage data and real-time status parameters, and to transmit the load prediction results to the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module to update the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy.

[0029] Preferably, the system further includes:

[0030] The hardware trigger management module is used to receive the charging and discharging circuit control signal and generate a hardware-level switching instruction based on the charging and discharging circuit control signal to control the physical on / off state of the charging and discharging circuit.

[0031] Preferably, the system further includes:

[0032] The beacon broadcast coordination module is used to coordinate the Bluetooth beacon broadcast timing with the standby wake-up synchronization signal based on the broadcast interval parameter, so as to synchronously control the working status of the dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module and the charging and discharging control module.

[0033] Preferably, the system further includes:

[0034] The energy management execution module is used to summarize the wireless charging mode, the battery power supply mode, the load prediction results and the hardware-level switching instructions, and output the final energy allocation strategy to the power management unit of the Bluetooth chip.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] This invention extracts multi-dimensional parameters such as broadcast interval, device status, and energy commands from the Bluetooth communication protocol through a protocol parsing module, enabling fine-grained perception of device operating status and providing rich contextual information for dynamic power consumption adjustment. The dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module builds adjustment strategies adaptable to different scenarios based on protocol parameters, allowing the system to respond to changes in communication load and avoiding energy waste caused by traditional fixed strategies. The charge / discharge control module outputs precise loop control signals based on the architecture, achieving real-time regulation of the battery charging and discharging process and reducing ineffective energy loss.

[0037] The dual-mode RF energy harvesting module integrates current energy status and communication protocol information to autonomously select the optimal power supply mode, enabling smooth switching between wireless charging and battery power, thus enhancing the system's adaptability to changing environments. This system integrates communication and energy management functions, breaking the limitations of traditional independent designs and improving overall energy utilization efficiency. The system also boasts excellent scalability, adapting to various Bluetooth chip platforms and energy harvesting hardware, reducing deployment and maintenance costs.

[0038] Through the above mechanism, the system significantly reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth devices in both idle and active states, extending the device's usage time on a single charge. This is particularly suitable for applications highly sensitive to battery life, such as wearable devices and remote sensors. The system operates stably and responds quickly, requiring no additional hardware overhead and is easily integrated into existing Bluetooth devices. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a timing diagram of the Bluetooth chip low-power wireless battery charge and discharge management system described in this invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the working principle of the protocol parsing process. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a low-power wireless battery charging and discharging management system for a Bluetooth chip. The system achieves efficient energy management by integrating multiple functional modules. First, the system obtains the Bluetooth chip's communication protocol data through a protocol parsing module. This data includes broadcast interval parameters, device status identifiers, and energy mode commands. The protocol parsing module parses the communication protocol data to obtain protocol parsing parameters. A dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module constructs a dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture based on these parameters. A charging and discharging control module generates charging and discharging loop control signals based on the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture. A dual-mode RF energy acquisition module obtains the current energy source status and selects either wireless charging mode or battery power supply mode based on the communication protocol data, the current energy source status, and the charging and discharging loop control signals. The entire system achieves dynamic power consumption adjustment and energy mode switching through modular design, ensuring stable operation of the Bluetooth chip in a low-power environment.

[0043] Example 1: See Figure 2 During system initialization, the configuration management module configures and parses the initial communication protocol based on the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol specification and according to preset protocol configuration rules. These preset rules clearly define the format structure and value range of protocol fields. For example, the broadcast interval field is set to range from 20 milliseconds to 10 seconds and is stored in a 32-bit unsigned integer format. The power consumption level field supports three-level classification encoding, using byte values ​​0x01, 0x02, and 0x03 to represent low, medium, and high power consumption levels, respectively. The device operating mode field contains three flag bits corresponding to active, sleep, and standby states. The configuration management module parses the protocol header and payload data in the initial communication protocol, extracts compliant protocol elements using a byte-by-byte scanning algorithm, verifies data integrity using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, and finally generates a structured communication protocol data packet. The entire configuration process employs a dual-buffer mechanism to ensure continuous data processing. While the primary buffer is parsing the protocol, the backup buffer simultaneously receives new protocol data, and the two buffers seamlessly alternate via a hardware switching circuit.

[0044] After receiving the communication protocol data, the protocol parsing module initiates a multi-level parsing process to identify the energy management fields. These fields are distributed according to a predefined storage structure. The broadcast interval field is located in the third to sixth bytes of the protocol data packet, stored in little-endian byte order. The power consumption level field occupies the seventh byte and is represented using binary encoding. The device operating mode field is located in the eighth to tenth bytes and uses bit-field encoding. The parsing process employs memory mapping technology, directly accessing the field storage address through pointer positioning, extracting specific bits using bitmasking operations, and simultaneously performing data type conversion and numerical range verification. The field extraction algorithm includes an error detection mechanism; when data anomalies are detected, a backup data source is automatically activated to ensure the reliability of the parsing process. All parsing operations are completed within the time constraints of the real-time operating system, ensuring strict synchronization with the Bluetooth chip's communication timing.

[0045] The hardware architecture of the protocol parsing module includes a dedicated memory management unit and a dual-buffer design for seamless data switching. A direct memory access controller handles high-speed data transmission, moving protocol data from the Bluetooth chip registers to the parsing buffer. A hardware coprocessor accelerates cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculations, verifying data integrity in real time. During parsing, the module employs a state machine control flow, including initialization, field location, data extraction, verification, and output states. Each state has a timeout protection mechanism to prevent the parsing process from entering an infinite loop. State transitions are triggered by hardware events, ensuring deterministic response times. The parameter output interface connects to the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture module via a high-speed serial peripheral interface. Transmitted data uses a frame structure encapsulation; each frame includes a frame header identifier, parameter data area, status flag area, and checksum. Broadcast interval parameters are transmitted as integer values ​​in milliseconds, power consumption level parameters are encoded using an enumeration type, and device operating mode parameters use a bitmap to convey status information. All parameters are appended with timestamps and quality flags. The receiving module can determine whether to use new parameter values ​​based on the quality flags. An error retransmission mechanism is used during transmission to ensure reliable data delivery.

[0046] The error handling mechanism incorporates multiple protection measures. When a field value is detected to be outside a reasonable range, a preset default value is automatically applied, and an error log is recorded. The module supports dynamic reconfiguration, allowing field definitions and parsing rules to be updated in real time via external commands to adapt to different versions of the Bluetooth protocol specification. The entire parsing process runs under real-time operating system task scheduling, with the task priority set to the highest level to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of protocol parsing. Module power management employs dynamic voltage and frequency adjustment technology, automatically adjusting the operating frequency and supply voltage according to the processing load to optimize energy efficiency. An internal data traceability mechanism is established to fully record the parsing process and results of each protocol data packet. The debug interface can output detailed operation logs, including original field values, parsing results, error codes, and time information. This log data is output via the JTAG interface for system debugging and performance analysis. The maintenance interface allows external tools to query and modify configuration parameters, providing system operation status monitoring functions. All configuration changes undergo double verification to prevent incorrect settings from affecting system stability.

[0047] The configuration management module employs a layered configuration strategy. The basic configuration layer stores permanent parameters, the dynamic configuration layer saves runtime-modifiable parameters, and the backup configuration layer retains safe recovery parameters. Upon system startup, the module first loads the basic configuration, then merges the dynamic configuration based on the device status, and finally verifies the configuration integrity. If configuration conflicts are found, the safe parameters from the backup configuration layer are prioritized to ensure the system is always operational. The protocol data parsing process utilizes a pipelined architecture. The first stage performs data preprocessing, including byte alignment and format standardization; the second stage performs field extraction and transformation; the third stage performs data verification and error correction; and the fourth stage generates the output results. Each stage has an independent processing unit and buffer, and intermediate results are passed through pipelined registers to achieve parallel processing and improve throughput. The timing of the entire parsing process is synchronized by the master clock, with each stage operation triggered at the clock edge to ensure the synchronicity and stability of the processing.

[0048] The module's interface with the Bluetooth chip employs a bidirectional communication design, enabling it to not only receive protocol data but also send configuration commands. This design allows the module to dynamically adjust the Bluetooth chip's protocol parameters, achieving closed-loop control. The communication interface uses a standard serial peripheral interface protocol, supporting full-duplex communication mode. The data transmission rate is configurable, reaching up to 10Mbps, meeting real-time requirements. The interface controller includes a first-in, first-out buffer to smooth data flow fluctuations and prevent data loss or overflow. During system initialization, the configuration management module executes a self-test program to verify the legality and consistency of all configuration parameters. The self-test includes storage integrity checks, numerical range verification, and logical relationship checks. If a configuration error is found, the module attempts to automatically repair it; if repair fails, a system alarm is triggered, requesting external intervention. The self-test process typically completes within 100 milliseconds after system power-on, ensuring rapid entry into operational status. The protocol parsing module uses an adaptive learning algorithm to optimize parsing parameters based on historical parsing results. The algorithm maintains a parsing quality index and dynamically adjusts the parsing strategy to improve accuracy and efficiency. The learning process automatically adjusts field recognition thresholds and verification rules based on parsing error rate and processing latency feedback, gradually adapting the parsing process to the actual protocol data characteristics. This adaptive capability enables the module to handle non-standard protocol data, improving the system's robustness and compatibility.

[0049] Example 2: The dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module receives broadcast interval parameters, power consumption level parameters, and device operating mode parameters from the protocol parsing module. These parameters are transmitted via a shared memory area or message queue and are encapsulated in a structure containing numerical fields and status flags. The module first generates a dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy based on these parameters. The strategy generation process employs a rule-based decision-making mechanism, mapping input parameters to predefined power consumption configuration templates. For example, when the device operating mode parameter indicates a sleep state, the strategy automatically selects the lowest power consumption configuration template, extending the broadcast interval parameter to its maximum value and reducing the RF output power. The power consumption level parameter is used to refine the current limit threshold, such as a high level corresponding to a 100mA limit, a medium level corresponding to a 50mA limit, and a low level corresponding to a 20mA limit. The strategy generation algorithm converts parameters to specific values ​​by looking up a pre-configured mapping table, and simultaneously combines real-time system status, such as battery voltage, to dynamically adjust values, generating a complete strategy descriptor containing timing parameters, current and voltage limit values, and state transition conditions.

[0050] The dynamic power scheduling strategy adopts a layered structure. The top layer defines the overall power consumption mode, such as normal mode, power-saving mode, or emergency mode. The middle layer specifies the power consumption configuration of each hardware module, such as processor frequency and RF module transmit power. The bottom layer contains detailed timing control parameters, such as wake-up interval and timeout settings. After the strategy is generated, the module constructs a dynamic power adjustment architecture based on the dynamic power scheduling strategy. The architecture adopts a microkernel design pattern, with the core including a strategy parsing engine, a resource allocator, and an event scheduler. The strategy parsing engine is responsible for interpreting the strategy descriptor and generating executable instructions. The resource allocator manages the allocation of CPU clock, power domain, and peripheral clock. The event scheduler coordinates the execution timing of each task based on timer interrupts. The construction process first initializes the architecture kernel components, allocates a memory pool to store the strategy instruction set, sets up the hardware abstraction layer interface to interact with the underlying driver, then configures event triggers such as timer comparison matching interrupts for periodic tasks, and finally establishes a message passing mechanism to communicate with other modules. The architecture supports runtime strategy updates by receiving new strategies through a message queue and hot-replacing old strategies.

[0051] The charging / discharging control module generates charging / discharging loop control signals based on the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy in the dynamic power consumption regulation architecture. The module obtains the currently effective strategy instructions through the architecture's message bus and parses the energy management fields within the instructions. When generating the charging loop trigger signal, the module monitors the energy input status provided by the dual-mode RF energy acquisition module. When the strategy indicates that charging is allowed and the input energy is sufficient, a high-level pulse signal is output via GPIO to activate the charging MOSFET switch. The pulse width is dynamically adjusted according to the charging current requirements in the strategy, and PWM modulation technology is used to precisely control the charging power. The generation of the discharging loop control signal is based on the discharge threshold and load requirements defined by the strategy. The module collects battery voltage and load current in real time. When the voltage is lower than the minimum operating voltage set by the strategy or the current exceeds the safety limit, an analog voltage signal is output via a digital-to-analog converter to linearly adjust the conduction level of the discharging MOSFET, achieving constant current or constant voltage discharge control. The generation of the standby wake-up synchronization signal depends on the broadcast interval parameters and system clock in the strategy. The module configures a hardware timer to generate periodic interrupts. The interrupt service routine outputs a synchronization pulse signal to the power management unit. The pulse phase is aligned with the Bluetooth beacon broadcast timing to ensure that the wake-up event occurs during the communication gap to reduce interference.

[0052] All control signals are electrically isolated via optocoupler isolation circuits before driving the power switching devices. The signal generation logic includes a fault protection mechanism, immediately forcing the output of a safety status signal when a short circuit or over-temperature condition is detected. The module internally employs a multi-stage pipelined processing architecture: the first stage parses strategy instructions, the second stage acquires sensor data, the third stage calculates output parameters, and the fourth stage outputs the drive signal. This design ensures the real-time performance and accuracy of signal generation. The control signal status is fed back in real-time to the event scheduler of the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture, forming a closed-loop control cycle to ensure the precise execution of the power consumption adjustment strategy.

[0053] Taking a real-world scenario of a smart fitness tracker as an example, the device is performing continuous heart rate monitoring and exercise data synchronization. The communication protocol data obtained by the protocol parsing module from the Bluetooth chip shows: a broadcast interval parameter of 800ms, a device status identifier of "active mode," and an energy mode command of "optimized battery life." After receiving these parameters, the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture module initiates the processing flow. The 800ms broadcast interval parameter indicates that the device requires a higher frequency of data transmission; the "active mode" device status identifier indicates that all sensors are in operation; and the "optimized battery life" energy mode command requires minimizing power consumption without affecting functionality. The module first parses these parameters and generates a dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy. The strategy uses a priority-weighted algorithm: converting the broadcast interval parameter into a timer configuration value, setting the RF module to operate for 200ms within every 800ms time window; enabling power management schemes for all sensors based on the active mode status, but imposing current limits; and reducing backlight brightness and limiting the processor's maximum frequency according to the optimized battery life command. The strategy output includes a specific power allocation scheme: the operating current of the RF module is limited to 12mA, the total current of the sensor array does not exceed 8mA, and the processor frequency is controlled at 48MHz.

[0054] The architecture adopts a layered design: the hardware abstraction layer directly manages the power control registers, the strategy execution layer implements the power state transition logic, and the interface layer provides communication channels with other modules. During architecture initialization, three hardware timers are configured: Timer1 manages the 800ms broadcast cycle, Timer2 controls the sensor data acquisition rhythm, and Timer3 monitors the overall power consumption level. An event scheduler establishes interrupt service routines: when Timer1 triggers, the RF module is activated; when Timer2 triggers, sensor sampling begins; and when Timer3 times out, the current power consumption is checked to see if it exceeds the budget. The charging and discharging control module generates specific control signals according to the strategy in the architecture. The charging circuit trigger signal is set to output a high level when an external power source is detected and the battery level is below 75%. In a fitness tracker scenario, when the user is exercising and the device displays 70% battery, and a wireless charging pad is detected, the module immediately generates a continuous high-level charging trigger signal, which is transmitted to the charging management IC via a GPIO pin. The discharge circuit control signal is generated based on real-time load monitoring. When the heart rate monitor and motion sensor are working simultaneously, the module calculates the discharge demand of 8.5mA and controls the conduction level of the discharge MOSFET by outputting the corresponding analog voltage signal through the DAC.

[0055] The generation of the standby wake-up synchronization signal is strictly synchronized with the broadcast interval. The module is configured with a hardware timer to generate a wake-up pulse at the beginning of each 800ms cycle, with a pulse width set to 50ms to ensure that system components are fully awakened. This signal is simultaneously sent to the power management unit and the RF front-end module, ensuring that all units enter the working state at the same time. A dynamic adjustment mechanism is implemented during signal generation; when a drop in battery voltage is detected, the pulse width is automatically reduced to 40ms to save energy. When the user engages in high-intensity exercise, the device maintains a high broadcast frequency and sensor sampling rate, but ensures battery life through fine power consumption control. When the device detects a charging opportunity, it immediately adjusts the power supply strategy to efficiently replenish power while ensuring motion monitoring functions. All control signals undergo multiple verifications to prevent system instability caused by signal conflicts. This design allows the device to maintain optimal energy balance in various usage scenarios.

[0056] Example 3: The dual-mode RF energy harvesting module continuously acquires energy source status data through a multi-channel sensor interface. The voltage detection circuit uses a voltage divider resistor network in conjunction with a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter to acquire the battery terminal voltage and the wireless receiver voltage. Current detection uses a combination circuit of precision sampling resistors and operational amplifiers to measure the load current and charging current. These analog quantities are digitized to form a current energy source status dataset containing voltage values, current values, and status flags. The module's internal status decision engine synchronously receives the communication protocol data stream from the protocol parsing module and extracts the device operating mode parameters as the main decision basis. When the mode parameter value corresponds to the activated operating state and the wireless receiver voltage reading continuously exceeds the threshold voltage for a stable time, the decision engine checks the level of the charging circuit trigger signal. If the trigger signal is high, a mode switching command is generated to activate the wireless charging mode.

[0057] The activation sequence of the wireless charging mode involves a multi-stage startup process. First, the RF switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect the receiving antenna to the preamplifier. Then, the automatic impedance matching network is activated to adjust the resonant frequency to the optimal receiving frequency through varactor diodes. The rectifier circuit uses a full-bridge architecture to convert RF energy into a DC pulsating voltage. The subsequent filter circuit smooths the waveform before sending it to the charging management integrated circuit. The charging management integrated circuit adjusts the output voltage and current limit value according to the preset charging curve, and simultaneously provides real-time feedback of charging status parameters through the I2C interface. Throughout the process, the dynamic power point tracking algorithm continuously runs, calculating the voltage standing wave ratio by monitoring the incident power and reflected power, and fine-tuning the impedance matching network accordingly to maintain maximum energy transfer efficiency.

[0058] When the device's operating mode parameters switch to low-power standby mode, the decision engine initiates a power supply mode reassessment process. It detects the battery percentage in the current energy source state and compares it with a preset switching threshold. If the battery is sufficiently charged and the discharge circuit control signal is enabled, a smooth switch to battery power mode is executed. The switching operation employs a step-by-step strategy: the first stage shuts down all stages of the wireless charging path amplifiers and disconnects the antenna; the second stage maintains a short delay to ensure residual charge dissipates through the bleed resistor; and the third stage gradually turns on the MOSFET devices in the battery discharge circuit and uses analog feedback control for a soft-start process. The discharge current increases slowly according to a ramp function until the target value is reached. During this period, the voltage monitoring circuit ensures that the output voltage remains within the allowable fluctuation range.

[0059] The control of the periodic wake-up timing is based on the broadcast interval parameter and the standby wake-up synchronization signal. The timing generator uses the following formula to calculate the actual wake-up period:

[0060]

[0061] in: Indicates the actual duration of wake-up. This represents the wake-up ratio coefficient (range: 0.1-0.9). Corresponding broadcast interval parameters, A time compensation constant is used. When the rising edge of the synchronization signal is triggered, the timing controller starts the RF detection window opening timer. During the specified duration, the energy acquisition front end is activated to scan the environmental RF energy, and the current energy state parameters are sampled and updated. During inactive periods, the high-frequency circuit is shut down, maintaining only basic monitoring functions. The timing synchronization mechanism adopts a digital phase-locked loop architecture, dynamically adjusting the wake-up ratio coefficient by comparing the phase difference between the local clock and the broadcast clock to ensure precise alignment between the energy acquisition window and the communication window. The hardware implementation of the mode selection mechanism is based on a multi-channel analog switch array. The control logic drives optocouplers to achieve high and low voltage circuit isolation. The state machine in the firmware maintains the mode switching sequence and handles abnormal situations. After each mode transition, the event log updates the operation log, including timestamps, transition types, and snapshots of key parameters. This diagnostic data is transmitted to the upper-level management system via a serial interface for operational status analysis. The entire implementation process pays special attention to the smoothness of state transitions, using buffer circuits to suppress voltage surges, designing redundant circuits to provide fault protection, and ensuring the continuity of energy supply to meet the system's real-time requirements.

[0062] Taking a typical scenario of daily use of a smartwatch as an example, the device is in normal working condition and supports wireless charging. The dual-mode RF energy harvesting module continuously monitors the energy source status through built-in voltage and current sensors. Currently, the detected battery voltage is 3.7V, and the wireless charging coil induced voltage is 5.2V. These analog signals are converted by a 16-bit ADC and stored in the status register. The module also receives communication protocol data from the protocol parsing module, where the device operating mode parameter is displayed as "normal operating mode," and the broadcast interval parameter is marked as 1000ms. These digital parameters are transmitted to the data buffer via the I2C bus. Based on the device operating mode parameter indicating normal operating condition, and the current energy source status showing that the wireless charging voltage has reached the effective threshold, the module detects that the charging circuit trigger signal is in a high-level state, and then activates the wireless charging mode. The activation process first starts the impedance matching network, adjusts the antenna resonant frequency to the 13.56MHz standard, then turns on the rectifier circuit to convert the AC RF signal to DC power, and the charging management IC starts working, controlling the charging current to stabilize at 400mA through pulse width modulation. Throughout the charging process, the module continuously monitors coil temperature and input voltage fluctuations, and dynamically adjusts the resonant capacitor value to maintain optimal energy transfer efficiency.

[0063] When the user removes the watch, interrupting wireless charging, the energy source status immediately updates to battery powered, and the voltage reading becomes 3.6V. At this time, the device's operating mode parameters remain in normal operation, but the discharge circuit control signal indicates a need to switch power paths. The module performs a mode switching operation, first turning off the power MOSFET of the wireless charging circuit, waiting 50μs for residual charge to dissipate, and then gradually activating the battery discharge circuit. A soft-start circuit slowly increases the discharge current from 0mA to 350mA to prevent a sudden voltage drop that could cause a system reset. During the switching process, the load voltage is kept stable at 3.3V to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the processor and sensors. The module is configured with a periodic wake-up mechanism based on a 1000ms broadcast interval parameter, with an internal timer dividing the time window into an active period and a sleep period. When the standby wake-up synchronization signal is triggered by a rising edge, the module immediately starts the RF detection circuit to scan the ambient energy field, simultaneously completing energy status acquisition within a 20ms time window; during the remaining 980ms sleep period, the RF front-end circuit is turned off, maintaining only basic monitoring functions and reducing power consumption to below 150μA. This periodic wake-up timing is strictly synchronized with Bluetooth broadcast events to ensure that energy harvesting does not interfere with communication quality. In actual operation, when the watch is placed on the charging dock, the module maintains wireless charging mode until the battery reaches 95% charge, then automatically switches to battery-powered mode and enters trickle charging. If the user raises their wrist to check the time during this period, the module will instantaneously increase the discharge current to 500mA to meet the screen's lighting requirements, while briefly pausing wireless charging to avoid electromagnetic interference. All mode transitions are completed within milliseconds, and the user is completely unaware of the power supply switching process; the device always maintains stable operation.

[0064] Taking the daily use of the Bluetooth capacitive pen as an example, the Bluetooth capacitive pen is in normal working condition (adapting to tablet devices for document annotation and hand-drawn creation, supporting 1024 levels of pressure sensitivity detection and instant pen touch feedback), and is compatible with the 13.56MHz wireless charging dock supported by the system. The low-power wireless battery charging and discharging management system of the Bluetooth chip in this invention achieves coordinated management of energy and communication. The dual-mode RF energy acquisition module continuously monitors the energy source status of the capacitive pen through built-in voltage and current sensors. Currently, the detected voltage at the capacitive pen battery terminal is 3.7V (the typical working voltage of a 150-200mAh small-capacity lithium polymer battery adapted to the capacitive pen), and the induced voltage of the wireless charging dock is 5.0V (meeting the low-power charging requirements of the capacitive pen and avoiding the risk of overcurrent in small-capacity batteries). These analog signals are converted by a 16-bit ADC and stored in the status register, while simultaneously marking the "charging dock connected" status bit to ensure that the energy source data is available in real time. The module also receives communication protocol data from the protocol parsing module. The device working mode parameter is displayed as "active writing mode" (adapting to the intermittent high-frequency operation characteristics of capacitive pens, such as continuous pen strokes when drawing and frequent pressure sensitivity switching when annotating). The broadcast interval parameter is marked as 1200ms (capacitive pens do not need to broadcast Bluetooth signals at high frequency, so the interval is appropriately extended compared to smartwatches to balance power consumption and connection stability and avoid interruption of pen stroke data transmission). These digital parameters are transmitted to the data buffer via the I2C bus.

[0065] Based on the device's operating mode parameters indicating active writing and the current energy source status showing that the wireless charging voltage has reached the effective threshold (preset to 4.8V), the module detects a high-level charging circuit trigger signal and activates the wireless charging mode. The activation process first starts the impedance matching network, adjusting the resonant frequency of the capacitive pen's RF receiver to the 13.56MHz standard to ensure efficient energy coupling with the charging base. Then, the full-bridge rectifier circuit is activated, converting the AC RF signal transmitted from the base into 3.3V DC (compatible with the operating voltage of the pen's internal Bluetooth chip and pressure sensor). The charging management IC then begins operation, using pulse width modulation to stabilize the charging current at 250mA, preventing overcurrent damage to the small-capacity battery. Throughout the charging process, the module continuously monitors the contact surface temperature between the pen and the base (compatible with the pen's flat charging structure, not a coil structure) and input voltage fluctuations, dynamically adjusting the resonant capacitance value (range 100pF-200pF) to maintain optimal energy transfer efficiency, ensuring a balance between charging safety and efficiency. When a user picks up the stylus and removes it from the wireless charging dock to create artwork on the tablet, the power source status immediately updates to battery-powered mode, and the voltage reading becomes 3.6V (consistent with the voltage decay characteristics of a small-capacity battery after being removed from charging). At this time, the device's operating mode parameters remain in "active writing mode" (to ensure pressure sensitivity response and data transmission stability for continuous user creation), but the discharge circuit control signal indicates a need to switch the power path. The module performs a mode switching operation, first turning off the power MOSFET of the wireless charging circuit, waiting 50μs for residual charge in the charging circuit to dissipate through the bleed resistor to prevent voltage spikes from damaging the pressure-sensitive chip; then gradually activating the battery discharge circuit, using a soft-start circuit to slowly increase the discharge current from 0mA to 300mA (to meet the dual power consumption requirements of pressure sensitivity detection and Bluetooth data transmission), preventing sudden voltage drops that could cause the stylus to reset and lose hand-drawn data; during the switching process, a voltage feedback loop maintains a stable load voltage of 3.3V, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the Bluetooth module and pressure-sensitive chip. When a user picks up the stylus and detaches it from the wireless charging dock to create artwork on the tablet, the power source status immediately updates to battery powered mode, and the voltage reading becomes 3.6V (consistent with the voltage decay characteristics of a small-capacity battery after being disconnected from charging). At this time, the device's operating mode parameters remain in "active writing mode" (to ensure pressure sensitivity and data transmission stability for continuous user creation), but the discharge circuit control signal indicates that the power path needs to be switched.The module performs a mode switching operation by first turning off the power MOSFET of the wireless charging circuit and waiting 50μs for the residual charge in the charging circuit to dissipate through the bleed resistor to prevent voltage spikes from damaging the pressure-sensitive chip. Then, the battery discharge circuit is gradually activated, and the discharge current is slowly increased from 0mA to 300mA through the soft-start circuit (to meet the dual power consumption requirements of pressure-sensitive detection and Bluetooth data transmission for pen touch), to prevent sudden voltage drops from causing the capacitive pen to reset and losing hand-drawn data. During the switching process, the load voltage is kept stable at 3.3V through the voltage feedback loop to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the Bluetooth module and the pressure-sensitive chip.

[0066] The module is configured with a periodic wake-up mechanism based on a 1200ms broadcast interval parameter. An internal timer divides the time window into an active period and a sleep period. When the standby wake-up synchronization signal is triggered by a rising edge, the module immediately starts the RF detection circuit to scan the ambient energy field. Simultaneously, within a 25ms time window, it completes energy status acquisition (such as remaining battery power and ambient RF energy intensity), synchronizing with the tablet device's Bluetooth communication commands to ensure uninterrupted pen touch data transmission. During the remaining 1175ms sleep period, the RF front-end circuit and pressure-sensitive detection module are shut down, retaining only the basic monitoring functions of the Bluetooth baseband, reducing power consumption to below 100μA (adapting to the battery life requirements of small-capacity batteries and meeting the system's design goal of "reducing overall power consumption"). This periodic wake-up sequence is strictly synchronized with Bluetooth broadcast events, ensuring that energy acquisition does not interfere with the real-time transmission of pen touch data. In actual operation, when the stylus is placed on the charging dock, the module maintains wireless charging mode until the battery reaches 90% charge. It then automatically switches to battery-powered mode and enters trickle charging (charging current drops to 50mA) to prevent overcharging of the small-capacity battery. If the user picks up the stylus to add details during this time, the module instantly increases the discharge current to 350mA to meet the high-pressure drawing requirements, while briefly pausing wireless charging to avoid electromagnetic interference. All mode transitions are completed within 5-8ms, and the user is completely unaware of the power supply switching process. The stylus maintains a stable writing / drawing experience, fully demonstrating the system's technical advantages of "adaptive energy management and extended device battery life." All mode transitions are completed within 5-8ms, and users are completely unaware of the power supply switching process. The capacitive pen maintains a stable writing experience at all times, fully demonstrating the system's technical advantages of "adaptive energy management and extended device battery life".

[0067] Example 4: The adaptive load prediction module continuously collects historical usage data and real-time status parameters of Bluetooth devices. Historical data, stored in EEPROM, includes operation records from the past 72 hours, such as device activation duration, number of RF transmissions, average power consumption level, and user interaction patterns. Real-time parameters are collected via a sensor array, including current battery voltage, chip temperature, ambient RF energy intensity, and processing load rate. The module uses a sliding window algorithm to process time-series data, calculating trend indicators in 15-minute analysis cycles. A weighted moving average model is then applied to generate load prediction results, which include expected power consumption levels and potential high-load time windows for the next three time periods. This module transmits the prediction results to the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture module via an I2C interface. Upon receiving new data, the architecture module compares the current strategy with the predicted requirements. If the deviation exceeds a threshold, a strategy update process is initiated, modifying the broadcast interval and power consumption level parameters in the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy to adapt to expected load changes.

[0068] The hardware trigger management module receives charge / discharge circuit control signals from the charge / discharge control module via a parallel data bus. These signals contain digital status codes and analog modulation information. The module's internal signal processor parses the instruction types in the control signals, such as charge enable flags, discharge rate codes, and emergency shutdown commands. It then generates hardware-level switching instructions based on a pre-programmed hardware mapping table. The instruction generation process employs a priority arbitration mechanism. When multiple control signals arrive simultaneously, the execution order is determined based on the current mode of the power state machine. The generated hardware-level switching instructions contain specific voltage values, current limits, and timing parameters, and are transmitted to the power management integrated circuit via an optocoupler isolation circuit.

[0069] The hardware trigger management module receives charging and discharging circuit control signals from the charging and discharging control module via a parallel data bus. These signals not only include digital status codes but also incorporate analog modulation information to ensure signal integrity and accuracy. The module's internal signal processor first meticulously analyzes the received control signals, identifying instruction types such as charging enable flags, discharging rate codes, and emergency shutdown commands. Subsequently, the signal processor generates corresponding hardware-level switching instructions based on a pre-programmed hardware mapping table. During instruction generation, the module employs an efficient priority arbitration mechanism to handle situations where multiple control signals arrive simultaneously. When multiple control signals are received concurrently, the module intelligently determines the execution order of each instruction based on the current operating mode of the power state machine, ensuring system stability and safety. The generated hardware-level switching instructions not only include specific voltage and current limits but also detail timing parameters for precise control of the switching process. To further ensure system safety and reliability, these hardware-level switching instructions undergo optocoupler isolation circuitry before being transmitted to the power management integrated circuit. Optocoupler isolation circuits can effectively isolate high and low voltage components, prevent potential electrical interference, ensure the stability and accuracy of command transmission, and thus guarantee the safe and efficient operation of the entire charging and discharging system. Refer to Table 1, which shows the structure of typical historical load data records.

[0070] Table 1: Historical Equipment Load Data Recording Structure

[0071] Timestamp Power consumption mode Radio frequency activity count Average current Battery saturation (%) temperature 2023-08-12 active 128 45.6 87 32 2023-08-12 standby 12 8.9 85 31 2023-08-12 sleep 2 1.2 84 30 2023-08-12 active 96 38.7 82 33 2023-08-12 standby 8 7.3 80 32

[0072] The execution of hardware-level switching commands is physically controlled by the driver circuit. When the command indicates activation of the charging circuit, the driver chip generates a PWM signal to control the gate voltage of the charging MOSFET, while simultaneously monitoring the drain current to achieve closed-loop regulation. The control of the discharging circuit adopts a similar principle, but a voltage feedback loop is added to maintain output stability. All switching operations include a soft-start sequence to prevent current surges. The module also integrates fault protection functions. When overcurrent or overheating is detected, it automatically overrides the normal command, forces a switch to a safe state, and sends an error code to the upper-level module.

[0073] The load forecasting algorithm employs an adaptive learning mechanism, dynamically adjusting model parameters based on the deviation between actual power consumption and predicted values. The algorithm maintains a confidence index to assess forecast reliability, automatically switching to a conservative power consumption strategy when the confidence level falls below a threshold. The forecast result data structure includes multiple fields: time range identifier, expected power consumption value, confidence score, and suggested action code. This data is encapsulated in a specific format message packet and transmitted via a serial interface. The instruction generation logic of the hardware triggering management module includes a state verification step, ensuring that switching is only performed when the power state machine is in an appropriate state, preventing system instability caused by illegal state transitions. Load forecasting provides forward-looking guidance, and hardware triggering ensures precise synchronization of physical execution. Standard communication protocols are used between modules to ensure data consistency, and all operations are recorded in the system log for subsequent analysis and optimization.

[0074] Example 5: The beacon broadcast coordination module uses the broadcast interval parameter T_broadcast obtained from the protocol parsing module. This parameter, stored in the configuration register in milliseconds, is used by the module's internal time synchronization engine to calculate the Bluetooth beacon transmission schedule. The time synchronization engine employs a hardware timer combined with a software scheduling algorithm to establish a timing framework with T_broadcast as the period, precisely arranging the start time and duration of beacon broadcasts within each period. Simultaneously, the module receives the standby wake-up synchronization signal P_wake from the charge / discharge control module. This signal is a pulse waveform, with its rising edge indicating the system wake-up time and its falling edge indicating the system sleep time. The coordination process uses phase-locked loop (PLL) technology to synchronize the beacon broadcast timing with the wake-up signal, ensuring that RF transmission activities always occur within the system wake-up period and avoiding energy-intensive operations during the sleep phase.

[0075] The coordination mechanism is implemented in three main stages: First, clock domain alignment is performed to synchronize and calibrate the Bluetooth baseband clock with the power management clock, eliminating timing errors caused by clock drift. Second, an event trigger mapping table is established to establish a time correspondence between beacon broadcast events and wake-up signal events. Finally, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is implemented to fine-tune the T_broadcast parameter in real time based on the timing deviation during actual operation, maintaining synchronization accuracy at the microsecond level. This coordination ensures that the dual-mode RF energy harvesting module only activates its RF receiving function during system wake-up periods, maintaining a low-power sleep state during beacon broadcast intervals. Simultaneously, it ensures that the power regulation operation of the charging and discharging control module is staggered with communication activities, reducing internal electromagnetic interference. The energy management execution module acquires real-time status information from multiple sources through the data acquisition interface, including the wireless charging mode status flag of the current working dual-mode RF energy harvesting module, the status parameters of the battery power supply mode, the load prediction result data structure output by the adaptive load prediction module, and the hardware-level switching instruction code generated by the hardware trigger management module. The internal data fusion unit performs timestamp alignment and format unification processing on these heterogeneous data, and uses a weighted decision algorithm to calculate the optimal energy allocation scheme. The reliability metrics of each data source are considered during the data fusion process. For example, higher weights are assigned to real-time sensor data, and dynamic weights are assigned to predictive data.

[0076] The final energy allocation strategy is generated using a multi-objective optimization method, balancing multiple performance indicators such as power efficiency, system stability, and response speed. The strategy output includes specific power allocation instructions, operating mode switching sequences, and timing control parameters, all encapsulated according to the communication protocol format required by the Bluetooth chip's power management unit. The output interface uses the standard SPI communication protocol to send strategy data packets to the power management unit at a fixed frequency. Each data packet contains a frame header, instruction field, parameter field, and checksum. The power management unit adjusts the voltage output of each power domain in real time, dynamically regulates the clock frequency distribution, and controls the state transitions of power switches based on the received strategy data. The beacon broadcast coordination module ensures timing optimization between communication and energy harvesting, while the energy management execution module implements intelligent global energy allocation. The two modules exchange synchronization status information through shared memory and employ an interlocking mechanism to ensure data consistency, ultimately enabling the Bluetooth chip to minimize power consumption while meeting communication performance requirements. This design allows the system to adaptively respond to different operating scenarios and load conditions, maintaining high energy efficiency.

[0077] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0078] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A Bluetooth chip low-power wireless battery charge-discharge management system, characterized in that, Comprise: The protocol analysis module is used for obtaining the communication protocol data of the Bluetooth chip; wherein, the communication protocol data includes broadcast interval parameter, device state identification and energy mode instruction; The dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module is used for protocol analysis on the communication protocol data to obtain protocol analysis parameters, including: identifying the energy management field in the communication protocol data; wherein, the energy management field includes broadcast interval field, power consumption level field and device working mode field; according to the energy management field, the communication protocol data is analyzed and extracted to obtain broadcast interval parameter, power consumption level parameter and device working mode parameter; According to the protocol analysis parameters, the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture is constructed, including: According to the broadcast interval parameter, the power consumption level parameter and the device working mode parameter, the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy is generated; according to the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy, the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture is constructed; The charge and discharge control module is used for generating charge and discharge loop control signals based on the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture, including: generating charge loop trigger signal, discharge loop control signal and standby wake-up synchronization signal based on the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy in the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture; The dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module is used for obtaining the current energy source state, selecting wireless charging mode or battery power supply mode based on the communication protocol data, the current energy source state and each charge and discharge loop control signal; including: Based on the device working mode parameter in the protocol analysis parameter, the current energy source state and the charge loop trigger signal, the wireless charging mode is activated; Based on the device working mode parameter in the protocol analysis parameter, the current energy source state and the discharge loop control signal, the battery power supply mode is switched to; Based on the broadcast interval parameter and the standby wake-up synchronization signal, the periodic wake-up timing of the dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module is controlled.

2. The Bluetooth chip low power battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the protocol analysis module obtains the communication protocol data of the Bluetooth chip, it further includes: The configuration management module is used for configuring and analyzing the initial communication protocol based on the Bluetooth low energy protocol specification and according to the preset protocol configuration rule to obtain the communication protocol data.

3. The Bluetooth chip low power battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further including: The adaptive load prediction module is used for generating load prediction results according to historical device usage data and real-time state parameters, and transmitting the load prediction results to the dynamic power consumption adjustment architecture construction module to update the dynamic power consumption scheduling strategy.

4. The Bluetooth chip low power battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further including: The hardware trigger management module is used for receiving the charge and discharge loop control signals and generating hardware level switching instructions according to the charge and discharge loop control signals to control the physical on-off of the charge and discharge loop.

5. The Bluetooth chip low power battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Further including: The beacon broadcast coordination module is used for coordinating the Bluetooth beacon broadcast timing based on the broadcast interval parameter and the standby wake-up synchronization signal to synchronously control the working state of the dual-mode radio frequency energy harvesting module and the charge and discharge control module.

6. The Bluetooth chip low power battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 5, wherein, Further including: An energy management execution module is used to aggregate the wireless charging mode, the battery-powered mode, the load prediction result and the hardware-level switching instruction, and output a final energy distribution strategy to a power management unit of the Bluetooth chip.

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