A crop rotation method for increasing the yield of vetch

Abstract

The application discloses a crop rotation planting method for increasing the yield of psyllium, and comprises the following steps: treating a paddy field after rice harvesting, and then rotating psyllium with the paddy field, wherein the treatment method for the paddy field comprises the following steps: draining water and drying the field, and deep ploughing, wherein the soil conditioner is sprayed before deep ploughing, and the soil conditioner comprises 100-250 parts of biochar, 2-6 parts of soap kernel rice and 1-4 parts of amino acid salt. The application is processed in the middle connecting process of rice-psyllium rotation, ensures the smooth operation of the middle connecting process of water-flood rotation, and improves the yield and quality of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, specifically relating to a crop rotation method for increasing the yield of Plantago asiatica. Background Technology

[0002] Plantain (Plantago asiatica) is a plant belonging to the genus Plantago in the family Plantaginaceae. Both the seeds and the whole plant are used medicinally, with plantain seeds being a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effects of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, relieving strangury, eliminating dampness and stopping diarrhea, improving eyesight, and resolving phlegm. It can be used for painful urination due to heat, edema, summer-heat diarrhea, red and swollen eyes, and cough with phlegm and heat. However, long-term continuous cropping of plantain leads to the accumulation of pathogens in the soil, soil compaction, decreased fertility, and increased pests and diseases, making it difficult to increase the yield of plantain seeds.

[0003] Crop rotation is a planting method that involves planting different crops in an orderly manner on the same plot of land according to the seasons. It helps improve soil physical properties, reduce pest and disease damage, and lower production costs. Rice-medicinal herb rotation has received attention in recent years as a potential model to overcome continuous cropping obstacles and improve land use efficiency and economic benefits.

[0004] However, existing practices and research on rice-medicinal herb rotation still have significant shortcomings: (1) Limited selection of medicinal plant species and unclear effects: Currently, the types of medicinal plants that are tried to be rotated with rice are relatively limited (such as some of the species of milkvetch being regarded as green manure rather than medicinal plants in the strict sense; some of the aquatic medicinal plants that are tried are such as Alisma plantago-aquatica and Juncus effusus), and most of them focus on the green manure effect or short-term economic benefits. There is a lack of in-depth research and sufficient verification on whether the rotation of medicinal plants can systematically, significantly and sustainably improve the soil health (especially the microbial community and the decomposition of autotoxic substances) of continuously cropped rice fields and ultimately stabilize and increase rice yield. (2) Insufficient exploration of ecological functions: Existing rotation medicinal plant varieties often show single or insignificant performance in key ecological service functions such as improving soil structure, efficiently activating / enriching specific nutrients, strongly inhibiting soil-borne pathogens, effectively degrading rice autotoxic substances, and significantly improving soil beneficial microbial diversity. (3) Insufficient consideration of economic benefits and promotion: Some medicinal materials may have problems such as high planting technology requirements, difficulty in connecting the growth cycle with rice crop rotation, unstable market demand, and high economic risk, which affect farmers' enthusiasm for adopting this model. Existing technologies have failed to solve the problem of efficient synergy between "medicine" and "rice" in terms of economic benefits and planting management. (4) Lack of systematic technical solutions: Existing reports mostly stay at the level of simple crop combination attempts, lacking refined and standardized rotation technical procedures for specific ecological regions, soil types, and target medicinal materials, including precise crop rotation (sowing / transplanting period, harvest period), supporting soil / water and fertilizer management measures, integrated pest management strategies, etc., resulting in unstable rotation effects and poor replicability.

[0005] The inventors of this application have been dedicated to the research of efficient rice-plantain rotation ecological planting technology for many years. In the early patent application with publication number CN115136858A, they conducted basic research on this rotation model and achieved certain rice yield increase effects. However, this patent did not focus on the intermediate connection process of rice-plantain rotation, resulting in the rotation model not being smooth enough.

[0006] In reality, prolonged flooding of paddy fields creates a hardened plow pan, which has extremely poor permeability. When switching to dryland planting of plantain, if the plow pan is not deeply tilled and broken up, the plantain roots will struggle to penetrate, hindering their absorption of water and nutrients and reducing their resilience. However, simply deep tilling only breaks up the plow pan or turns the hard subsoil to the surface, temporarily loosening the soil. The soil properties (such as permeability and soil aggregates) remain unchanged, which is detrimental to plantain cultivation. Furthermore, research shows that soil tillage can damage soil aggregate structure to some extent. Moreover, the crop rotation period after rice harvesting and plantain cultivation is only about one month, while conventional soil improvement typically takes several months, inevitably leading to poor crop rotation continuity.

[0007] In addition, after the harvest of plantain, the waste plants are usually turned back into the field. During this process, it is necessary to control the decomposition time so that the plants can decompose fully without delaying the rice growth period. Furthermore, if the waste plantain plants are not completely decomposed, they will compete with the rice for nitrogen, which will affect the rice yield.

[0008] In conclusion, how to provide a crop rotation method to increase plantain yield, ensure a smooth transition between rice and plantain rotation, and improve crop yield and quality is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a crop rotation method to increase the yield of plantain. The method addresses the intermediate connection process of rice-plantain rotation, ensuring the smooth progress of the intermediate connection process of water-dryland rotation, thereby improving crop yield and quality.

[0010] The first objective of this invention is to treat rice paddies after harvest to address the adverse effects of the hard plow pan formed in the soil after rice planting. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the treatment time is sufficient to make the paddies suitable for planting plantain as soon as possible without affecting the crop rotation process, and to improve the yield and quality of plantain.

[0011] To achieve the first objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0012] A crop rotation method to increase plantain yield involves treating the paddy fields after the rice harvest in October, followed by a plantain rotation in the order of "rice-plantain-rice-plantain". The paddy field treatment includes draining and drying the field, and deep plowing. Before deep plowing, a soil conditioner is applied, comprising 100-250 parts biochar, 2-6 parts saponin rice, and 1-4 parts amino acid salts.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0014] Soak saponin rice in water at 30-50℃ for 1-8 hours, then steam at 100℃ for 20-30 minutes. Add water and blend to obtain saponin rice slurry. Add amino acid salts to the saponin rice slurry, stir well, add biochar, and soak at 40-60℃ for 2-5 hours. Then evaporate the water to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0015] Preferably, the amount of soil conditioner added is 80-150 kg / mu.

[0016] Preferably, the amino acid salt is arginine bicarbonate, lysine acetate, potassium glycine, potassium sarcosine, glutamic acid hydrochloride, arginine hydrochloride, alanine hydrochloride, or histidine hydrochloride; more preferably, the amino acid salt is arginine bicarbonate.

[0017] Preferably, the raw material for the biochar (60-200 mesh) is agricultural waste (such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, rice husks, sawdust, etc.).

[0018] Preferably, the soil moisture content after drainage and sun-drying is 60-70%, and the deep plowing depth is 25-30cm.

[0019] The second objective of this invention is to make precise crop rotation arrangements for rice-plantain to match the sowing / transplanting period and harvest period of rice and plantain, thereby improving economic benefits.

[0020] To achieve the second objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0021] The crop rotation arrangement of the aforementioned crop rotation method is as follows:

[0022] Rice is planted using conventional methods from June to October. In September, a separate plot is selected for plantain seedling cultivation. After the rice harvest in October, the paddy fields are treated. In November and December, plantain seedlings are transplanted and planted using conventional methods. Field management is carried out. The plantain seeds are harvested in May of the following year. After harvesting, the waste plantain plants are plowed back into the field. The waste plantain plants (including roots, stems, and leaves) are crushed by rotary tillage and plowed into the soil. After plowing, the field is irrigated to ferment. After fermentation, the land is prepared, and the next crop of rice is planted using conventional methods. This process is repeated.

[0023] Preferably, when turning the plantain back into the field after harvesting, the depth of rotary tillage should be 15-20cm. Measurements show that the deepest part of the planted plantain root system is 10-12cm from the soil surface, and rotary tillage to 15-20cm can ensure that the plantain root system is completely crushed.

[0024] Ideally, the water depth for composting should be 5-10 cm. If the water depth is less than 5 cm, water evaporates quickly during composting, leading to drought. After composting, the rice will need to be irrigated again before planting. If the water depth is greater than 10 cm, composting is not conducive to rice planting. Excessive water depth affects the photosynthesis of rice seedlings, requiring drainage before planting. Drainage will remove some nutrients.

[0025] Preferably, the composting period is 15-30 days. Experiments show that when the composting period is less than 15 days, the waste plantain plants do not decompose sufficiently, leading to a high risk of root rot in rice and disease outbreaks during the tillering stage after transplanting due to the floating of decaying plantain. When the composting period is greater than 30 days, the rice planting time will be postponed to July or later, shortening the rice growing season.

[0026] Preferably, the weight (fresh grass quantity) of waste plantain plants used for returning to the field is 1000-1500 kg / mu.

[0027] Preferably, during the next rice planting season, fertilizer (such as potassium sulfate compound fertilizer) should be reduced by 20-30% as usual.

[0028] Preferably, the sowing rate for plantain seedling raising is 0.2-0.3 kg / mu (broadcast sowing).

[0029] Preferably, when turning over and returning waste plantain plants to the field, a composting agent (such as Bacillus subtilis) should be applied simultaneously at a rate of 0.1-0.2 kg / mu to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and inhibit pathogens.

[0030] To prevent the plantain waste from consuming soil nitrogen during composting and competing with rice seedlings for nitrogen, thus affecting rice yield and prolonging decomposition time, nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) is usually applied during the composting process. However, urea decomposes rapidly after application, reducing nitrogen utilization, and in the case of composting, urea hydrolysis is even more likely. Therefore, the third objective of this invention is to apply urea during the composting of plantain waste and pretreat the urea to delay its hydrolysis, thereby increasing rice yield and urea utilization, and also accelerating the decomposition of plantain waste to ensure successful planting of the next rice crop.

[0031] To achieve the third objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0032] When plowing and returning waste plants from the front to the field, urea is also applied. The urea is used after pretreatment. The pretreatment method is as follows: mix urea with low urease activity soil and starch evenly, add water (the amount of water is 3-6 times the mass of starch), and granulate.

[0033] Preferably, the urease activity of the low urease activity soil is 0.2-0.4 mg / g / d.

[0034] Preferably, the amount of urea applied is 0.5-2% of the mass of the waste plantain plants, and the mass ratio of urea, low urease activity soil, and starch is 1:(5-20):(0.5-2).

[0035] Technical effects of the present invention:

[0036] 1. This invention involves deep plowing and soil conditioner treatment of paddy fields after rice harvest. This treatment can significantly improve the hard soil structure of the plow pan in a short period (within 1 month), increase soil permeability, and make the soil suitable for plantain planting as soon as possible, thereby increasing the yield of plantain seeds.

[0037] The soil conditioner of this invention is made from biochar, saponin rice, and amino acid salts. Biochar, with its abundant microporous structure, can directly increase the porosity of the soil significantly. Saponin rice contains abundant colloids that can bind the soil to form stable aggregates. The amino acid salts contain amphoteric amino acid molecules, which can effectively regulate the uniform distribution of the soil conditioner in the soil. The combined effect of these three components can rapidly improve the structure of hard soil in the plow pan. Furthermore, the loading of saponin rice and amino acid salts by biochar also provides a component regulation effect.

[0038] In addition, the preferred amino acid salt is arginine bicarbonate. The arginine portion carries a positive charge and can effectively adsorb soil colloids. The bicarbonate portion can also slowly decompose during soil conditioning to form gas molecules, which expand and loosen the soil colloids and the gum portion of saponin rice. This prevents the gum in saponin rice from agglomerating into clumps during soil cementation, thus controlling soil aggregates within a suitable particle size range.

[0039] 2. This invention makes precise crop rotation arrangements for rice and plantain to match the sowing / transplanting period and harvest period of rice and plantain, which is more advantageous than conventional single-season rice or plantain rotation. It can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, significantly reduce the planting cost of rice and plantain, and increase the yield of plantain and rice, thus giving higher economic benefits.

[0040] 3. In this invention, after harvesting plantain and before rotating it with rice, the waste plantain plants are turned over and returned to the field. Urea is also applied in addition to provide nitrogen source for the decomposition of the waste plantain plants. This can accelerate the decomposition process and prevent the waste plantain plants from competing with rice for nitrogen source and affecting rice yield.

[0041] 4. Because urea decomposes rapidly after application, reducing nitrogen utilization, and is even more prone to hydrolysis under composting conditions, conventional methods typically involve adding urease inhibitors to delay hydrolysis. However, the effectiveness of urease inhibitors is affected by various environmental factors (such as pH, temperature, irrigation, and organic matter), resulting in unstable effects and potential residue buildup, which is not environmentally friendly. This application mixes urea with low-urease-activity soil and granulates it. The low-urease-activity soil effectively loads and encapsulates the urea, thus delaying hydrolysis in a green and environmentally friendly manner.

[0042] The activity level of urease in soil with low urease activity needs to be appropriate. If the urease activity is too high, it will not be able to effectively delay the hydrolysis of urea. If the urease activity is too low, it will easily hinder the decomposition of urea and form residues, thus reducing the utilization rate. Therefore, it is necessary to select soil with an appropriate urease activity range for urea pretreatment. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the rice-forehead wheel planting process of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is the land condition after the paddy field has been treated following the rice harvest according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This describes the pre-growth stage of the vehicle according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This describes the rice growth period according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of rice rotation (right) and rice monoculture (left) planting according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The above-mentioned solution will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments; it should be understood that these embodiments are used to illustrate the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following embodiments; the implementation conditions used in the embodiments can be further adjusted according to specific requirements, and the implementation conditions not specified are usually the conditions in conventional experiments.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified in the following examples, all raw materials are commercially available or prepared by conventional methods in the art.

[0050] Both rice and plantain cultivation are existing conventional techniques, and this application mainly focuses on the intermediate process of crop rotation between the two.

[0051] Among them, early-maturing medium-season rice varieties should be selected, and rice planting techniques should refer to DB36 / T 855-2015 Mechanized Rice Seedling Raising Technical Regulations, DB36 / T 489-2006 High-Yield and High-Quality Rice Production Technical Regulations, GB5084 Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standards, DB36 / T 1077-2018 Green Prevention and Control Technical Regulations for Rice Diseases and Pests, etc.

[0052] Planting techniques for plantain refer to DB36 / T 1762-2023 Standardized Production Technical Specifications for Plantain Seeds.

[0053] The low urease activity soil referred to in this invention has a urease activity range of 0.2-0.4 mg / g / d, and other soil properties are not limited. The low urease activity soil used in this embodiment was taken from non-cultivated land (grassland) near a rice-plantain rotation planting area in Jiangxi Province. The soil with low urease activity in Comparative Example 11 was taken from non-cultivated land (bare land) near a rice-plantain rotation planting area. The soil with high urease activity in Comparative Example 12 was prepared by mixing the aforementioned non-cultivated land soil with exogenous urease (such as soybean flour). Example 1

[0054] This embodiment provides a crop rotation method to increase the yield of plantain. The crop rotation process is described below. Figure 1 The crop rotation arrangement is as follows:

[0055] Rice is planted using conventional methods from June to October. In September, a separate plot is selected for plantain seedling cultivation, with a sowing rate of 0.25 kg / mu (broadcast sowing). After the rice harvest in October, the paddy fields are treated. Plantain seedlings are transplanted in November and December, and planted using conventional methods, followed by field management. Plantain seeds are harvested in May of the following year. After harvesting, the waste plantain plants are plowed back into the field. The waste plantain plants (including roots, stems, and leaves, totaling 1200 kg / mu) are crushed and plowed into the soil using rotary tillage to a depth of 18 cm. Simultaneously, Bacillus subtilis (0.15 kg / mu) is applied as a composting agent. After plowing, the field is irrigated with water to a depth of 8 cm for 24 days. After the composting is completed, the land is prepared, and the next crop of rice is planted using conventional methods (fertilizer is reduced by 20-30% according to conventional methods; the fertilizer is a three-element potassium sulfate compound fertilizer). The rotation is carried out in the order of "rice-plantain-rice-plantain".

[0056] The methods for treating paddy fields after the rice harvest in October include: draining and drying the fields, and deep plowing. After draining and drying, the soil moisture content should be 60-70%, and the deep plowing depth should be 28 cm. Before deep plowing, a soil conditioner should be applied at a rate of 120 kg / mu. The soil conditioner consists of 180 parts rice straw biochar (100 mesh), 4 parts saponin rice, and 2.5 parts arginine bicarbonate.

[0057] The preparation method of soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0058] Soak saponin rice in 40℃ water for 4 hours, then steam at 100℃ for 25 minutes, then add water and slurry to obtain saponin rice slurry. Add amino acid salts to the saponin rice slurry, stir well, then add rice straw biochar, soak at 50℃ for 3 hours, and then evaporate the water to obtain soil conditioner. Example 2

[0059] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the arginine bicarbonate in the soil conditioner is replaced with lysine acetate. Example 3

[0060] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the arginine bicarbonate in the soil conditioner is replaced with potassium sarcosinate. Example 4

[0061] This embodiment provides a crop rotation method to increase the yield of plantain, with the following crop rotation arrangement:

[0062] Rice is planted using conventional methods from June to October. In September, a separate plot is selected for plantain seedling cultivation, with a sowing rate of 0.25 kg / mu (broadcast sowing). After the rice harvest in October, the paddy fields are treated. Plantain seedlings are transplanted in November and December, and plantain is planted using conventional methods. Field management is carried out. The plantain seeds are harvested in May of the following year. After harvesting, the waste plantain plants are plowed back into the field. The waste plantain plants (including roots, stems, and leaves, totaling 1200 kg / mu) are crushed and plowed into the soil using rotary tillage to a depth of 18 cm. Simultaneously, Bacillus subtilis (0.5 kg / mu) and urea (1% of the weight of the waste plantain plants, i.e., 12 kg / mu) are applied. After plowing, the field is irrigated with water to a depth of 8 cm for 24 days. After the composting is completed, the land is prepared, and the next crop of rice is planted using conventional methods (fertilizer is reduced by 20-30% according to conventional methods; the fertilizer is a three-element potassium sulfate compound fertilizer). The rotation is carried out in the order of "rice-plantain-rice-plantain".

[0063] The methods for treating paddy fields after the rice harvest in October include: draining and drying the fields, and deep plowing. After draining and drying, the soil moisture content should be 60-70%, and the deep plowing depth should be 28 cm. Before deep plowing, a soil conditioner should be applied at a rate of 120 kg / mu. The soil conditioner consists of 180 parts rice straw biochar (100 mesh), 4 parts saponin rice, and 2.5 parts arginine bicarbonate.

[0064] The preparation method of soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0065] Soak saponin rice in 40℃ water for 4 hours, then steam at 100℃ for 25 minutes, then add water and slurry to obtain saponin rice slurry. Add amino acid salts to the saponin rice slurry, stir well, then add rice straw biochar, soak at 50℃ for 3 hours, and then evaporate the water to obtain soil conditioner.

[0066] When plantain waste plants are plowed back into the field, the urea applied should be pretreated before use. The pretreatment method is as follows: mix urea with soil with low urease activity (0.356 mg / g / d) and starch in a mass ratio of 1:10:1, add water (the amount of water is 4 times the mass of starch), and granulate. Example 5

[0067] This embodiment provides a crop rotation method to increase the yield of plantain, with the following crop rotation arrangement:

[0068] Rice is planted using conventional methods from June to October. In September, a separate plot is selected for plantain seedling cultivation, with a sowing rate of 0.2 kg / mu (broadcast sowing). After the rice harvest in October, the paddy fields are treated. Plantain seedlings are transplanted in November and December, and planted using conventional methods, with field management carried out. The plantain seeds are harvested in May of the following year. After harvesting, the waste plantain plants are plowed back into the field. The waste plantain plants (including roots, stems, and leaves, totaling 1000 kg / mu) are crushed and plowed into the soil using rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Simultaneously, Bacillus subtilis (0.1 kg / mu) and urea (0.5% of the weight of the waste plantain plants, i.e., 5 kg / mu) are applied. After plowing, the field is irrigated with water to a depth of 5 cm for 30 days. After the composting is completed, the land is prepared, and the next crop of rice is planted using conventional methods (fertilizer is reduced by 20-30% according to conventional methods; the fertilizer is a three-element potassium sulfate compound fertilizer). The rotation is carried out in the order of "rice-plantain-rice-plantain".

[0069] The methods for treating paddy fields after the rice harvest in October include: draining and drying the fields, and deep plowing. After draining and drying, the soil moisture content should be 60-70%, and the deep plowing depth should be 25 cm. Before deep plowing, a soil conditioner should be applied at a rate of 80 kg / mu. The soil conditioner consists of 100 parts corn straw biochar (60 mesh), 2 parts saponin rice, and 1 part arginine bicarbonate.

[0070] The preparation method of soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0071] Soak saponin rice in 30℃ water for 8 hours, then steam at 100℃ for 20 minutes, then add water and slurry to obtain saponin rice slurry. Add amino acid salts to the saponin rice slurry, stir well, then add corn straw biochar, soak at 40℃ for 5 hours, and then evaporate the water to obtain soil conditioner.

[0072] When plantain waste plants are plowed back into the field, the urea applied should be pretreated before use. The pretreatment method is as follows: mix urea with soil with low urease activity (0.213 mg / g / d) and starch in a mass ratio of 1:5:0.5, add water (the amount of water is 3 times the mass of starch), and granulate. Example 6

[0073] This embodiment provides a crop rotation method to increase the yield of plantain, with the following crop rotation arrangement:

[0074] Rice is planted using conventional methods from June to October. In September, a separate plot is selected for plantain seedling cultivation, with a sowing rate of 0.3 kg / mu (broadcast sowing). After the rice harvest in October, the paddy fields are treated. Plantain seedlings are transplanted in November and December, and planted using conventional methods, with field management carried out. The plantain seeds are harvested in May of the following year. After harvesting, the waste plantain plants are plowed back into the field. The waste plantain plants (including roots, stems, and leaves, totaling 1500 kg / mu) are crushed and plowed into the soil using rotary tillage to a depth of 20 cm. Simultaneously, Bacillus subtilis (0.2 kg / mu) and urea (2% of the weight of the waste plantain plants, i.e., 30 kg / mu) are applied. After plowing, the field is irrigated with water to a depth of 10 cm for 18 days. After the composting is completed, the land is prepared, and the next crop of rice is planted using conventional methods (fertilizer is reduced by 20-30% according to conventional methods; the fertilizer is a three-element potassium sulfate compound fertilizer). The rotation is carried out in the order of "rice-plantain-rice-plantain".

[0075] The methods for treating paddy fields after the rice harvest in October include: draining and drying the fields, and deep plowing. After draining and drying, the soil moisture content should be 60-70%, and the deep plowing depth should be 30 cm. Before deep plowing, a soil conditioner should be applied at a rate of 150 kg / mu. The soil conditioner consists of 250 parts rice straw biochar (200 mesh), 6 parts saponin rice, and 4 parts arginine bicarbonate.

[0076] The preparation method of soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0077] Soak saponin rice in 50℃ water for 1 hour, then steam at 100℃ for 30 minutes, then add water and blend into a paste to obtain saponin rice slurry. Add amino acid salts to the saponin rice slurry, stir well, then add rice straw biochar, soak at 60℃ for 2 hours, and then evaporate the water to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0078] When plantain waste plants are plowed back into the field, the urea applied should be pretreated before use. The pretreatment method is as follows: mix urea with soil with low urease activity (0.400 mg / g / d) and starch in a mass ratio of 1:20:2, add water (the amount of water is 6 times the mass of starch), and granulate.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the paddy field was treated after the rice harvest in October, and no soil conditioner was applied before deep plowing.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner is rice straw biochar.

[0083] Comparative Example 3

[0084] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner is saponin rice.

[0085] Comparative Example 4

[0086] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner is arginine bicarbonate.

[0087] Comparative Example 5

[0088] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner includes 20 parts of rice straw biochar, 2 parts of saponin rice, and 2.5 parts of arginine bicarbonate.

[0089] Comparative Example 6

[0090] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner includes 20 parts of rice straw biochar, 18 parts of saponin rice, and 2.5 parts of arginine bicarbonate.

[0091] Comparative Example 7

[0092] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner includes 20 parts rice straw biochar, 9 parts saponin rice, and 0.5 parts arginine bicarbonate.

[0093] Comparative Example 8

[0094] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner includes 20 parts rice straw biochar, 9 parts saponin rice, and 5 parts arginine bicarbonate.

[0095] Comparative Example 9

[0096] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner is prepared by directly mixing rice straw biochar, saponin rice, and arginine bicarbonate.

[0097] Comparative Example 10

[0098] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the urea applied when the waste plants of Plantago asiatica are turned over and returned to the field is not pretreated, but applied directly.

[0099] Comparative Example 11

[0100] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the urease activity of the soil used for urea pretreatment was lower, at 0.147 mg / g / d.

[0101] Comparative Example 12

[0102] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the urease activity of the soil used for urea pretreatment was higher, at 0.473 mg / g / d.

[0103] Comparative Example 13

[0104] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that, during the urea pretreatment, the mass ratio of urea, low urease activity soil, and starch was 1:3:1.

[0105] Comparative Example 14

[0106] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that, during the urea pretreatment, the mass ratio of urea, low urease activity soil, and starch was 1:25:1.

[0107] field trials

[0108] A rice-plantain rotation experiment was conducted in Taihe County, a major production area of ​​plantain in Jiangxi Province, with each experimental field covering an area of ​​5 mu.

[0109] I. Harvesting of Plantago asiatica according to the present invention

[0110] This invention relates to rice-plantain rotation planting, with the plantain growth period described in [the following text is incomplete and requires further context]. Figure 3 As can be seen, the plantain plant is tall and robust, and growing vigorously.

[0111] 1. Quality testing as required by the pharmacopoeia

[0112] The plantain seeds harvested from Examples 1 to 6 of this invention and from conventional monoculture plantain cultivation were subjected to quality testing in accordance with the provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part I: Plantain Seeds). The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0113] Table 1 Basic Quality Indicators of Each Group of Vehicle Front

[0114]

[0115] As shown in Table 1, the Plantago asiatica seeds obtained from crop rotation in Examples 1 to 6 of this invention all meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia. Furthermore, compared with monoculture of Plantago asiatica, the Plantago asiatica seeds obtained from crop rotation in this invention exhibit superior quality indicators, demonstrating a significant quality improvement effect.

[0116] 2. Plantago seed yield

[0117] The yields of plantain seeds collected in Examples 1 to 6 of this invention, conventional monoculture of plantain, and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0118] Table 2 Comparison of Psyllium Yields by Group

[0119]

[0120] As shown in Table 2, the yield of Plantago asiatica obtained by crop rotation in Examples 1 to 6 of this invention is 160-173 kg / mu, which is significantly better than the yield of 100-120 kg / mu when Plantago asiatica is planted alone, demonstrating a yield-increasing effect. Among them, Examples 1, 4, 5, and 6 have even better yield-increasing effects, all of which are 170 kg / mu or above.

[0121] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 did not apply soil conditioner before deep plowing of the paddy field, Comparative Examples 2 to 8 changed the composition and ratio of the soil conditioner, and Comparative Example 9 changed the preparation method of the soil conditioner. All of these resulted in a decrease in the yield of plantain, showing that the treatment of the paddy field by the present invention has a better effect on increasing the yield of plantain.

[0122] II. Soil Improvement Effects of the Invention on Paddy Fields

[0123] The land after the rice harvest of this invention is treated as follows: Figure 2 It can be seen that the treated soil has a loose structure and no obvious compaction.

[0124] 1. Soil properties

[0125] Following the methods of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and Comparative Example 9 of this invention, the paddy fields were treated after rice harvest, and the treated soil was continuously tested for indicators for one month. The average values ​​were recorded, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0126] Table 3 Performance parameters of paddy field soil improvement at different time points

[0127]

[0128] As shown in Table 3, compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 9, Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention can reduce soil bulk density by 14.29-20.90% and increase total porosity by 14.4-20.7% within one month, significantly improving the impact of the hard plow pan in paddy fields, enabling soil improvement within the specified time without delaying the rotational cropping process. Among them, Example 1 showed the best improvement effect, reducing soil bulk density by 20.90% and increasing total porosity by 20.7%.

[0129] 2. Soil aggregate particle size

[0130] Following the methods of Examples 1 to 3 of this invention, the paddy fields were treated after rice harvest by adding different amino acid salts to the soil conditioner. Soil aggregates were tested on the treated soil one month later, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0131] Table 4. Particle size of soil aggregates in each group

[0132]

[0133] As shown in Table 4, after treating the paddy field in Example 1 of this invention, the difference between the minimum and maximum particle sizes of the soil aggregates was small. This indicates that Example 1 used arginine bicarbonate, which utilizes the slow decomposition of its bicarbonate portion during soil conditioning to form gas molecules. This gas molecules expand and loosen the soil colloids and the gum portion of saponin rice, preventing the gum in saponin rice from agglomerating into clumps during soil cementation, thus resulting in soil aggregates with uniform particle size. Examples 2 and 3 used other types of amino acid salts, resulting in a larger difference between the minimum and maximum particle sizes of the soil aggregates, indicating uneven soil aggregate particle size, which affects the soil improvement effect and the yield of plantain.

[0134] III. Rice yield of this invention

[0135] This invention relates to rice-plantain rotation planting, and the rice growth period is described in detail below. Figure 4 As can be seen, the rice plants are tall and dense, with many tillers and full ears, demonstrating good growth. A comparison of rice rotation (right) and rice monoculture (left) is shown below. Figure 5 It is evident that rice rotation results in significantly better growth than rice monoculture.

[0136] Rice was planted according to the methods of Examples 1, 4 to 6 of the present invention, conventional rice monoculture, and Comparative Examples 10 to 14, and the yields are shown in Table 5 below.

[0137] Table 5 Rice yield of each group

[0138]

[0139] As shown in Table 5, the yield of rice in the rotation of Examples 1, 4 to 6 of this invention was 525-620 kg / mu, which was significantly better than the yield of 400-450 kg / mu of rice monoculture, demonstrating a yield increase effect. Among them, Examples 4 to 6 showed even better growth effect, with a yield of 615-620 kg / mu.

[0140] Compared with Example 4, Comparative Example 10 did not pretreat the urea applied when turning back the waste plants of Plantago asiatica to the field, and Comparative Examples 11 to 14 changed the pretreatment method of urea. All of them resulted in a decrease in rice yield. This shows that the present invention can achieve a better rice yield increase effect after pretreating the applied urea when turning back the waste plants of Plantago asiatica to the field.

[0141] IV. The effect of this invention on turning over and returning waste plants from the field

[0142] Rice-Plantago asiatica rotation was carried out according to the methods of Examples 1, 4 to 6, and Comparative Examples 10 to 14 of this invention. Waste Plantago asiatica plants were plowed into the field, and the decomposition of the waste Plantago asiatica plants was observed. The degree of decomposition was tested after 15 days (referring to the seed germination index as specified in NYT 525-2021). The Kjeldahl method was used to determine the total nitrogen content of the soil and waste Plantago asiatica plants in the urea-treated and urea-treated areas on day 0 and day 15, respectively. Urea utilization rate was calculated as follows: Urea utilization rate (%) = 100% × (nitrogen absorption in urea-treated areas - nitrogen absorption in non-urea-treated areas) / nitrogen application rate. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0143] Table 6. Decomposition degree of waste plants and urea utilization rate in each group

[0144]

[0145] As shown in Table 6, compared with Example 1, the application of urea in Examples 4 to 6 of the present invention when returning waste plantain plants to the field can significantly improve the decomposition degree of the returned plantain plants within 15 days. Compared with Comparative Example 10, the pretreatment of the applied urea in Examples 4 to 6 effectively improved the urea utilization rate.

[0146] Comparative Examples 11 to 14 changed the urea pretreatment method, and all of them reduced the decomposition degree of waste plantain plants and the urea utilization rate, indicating that the pretreatment method of the present invention is feasible and effective.

[0147] V. Economic Benefits of the Crop Rotation Model of this Invention

[0148] The economic benefits of the crop rotation mode of the present invention were calculated using Examples 1, 4, 1, and 10 as examples. The results are shown in Table 7 below.

[0149] Table 7 Economic benefits of planting in each group

[0150]

[0151] As shown in Table 7, compared with Comparative Example 1 where no soil conditioner was applied before deep plowing of the paddy field, the income of Example 1 of this invention increased by 600 yuan / mu after applying the soil conditioner. Compared with Example 1 where no urea was applied when turning back the waste plantain plants to the field, Example 4 where urea was applied and pretreated during the turning back of the waste plantain plants to the field increased the income by 262.5 yuan / mu. Comparative Example 10, which did not pretreat with urea, saw a decrease in income of 147.5 yuan / mu compared to Example 4, demonstrating that the crop rotation planting model of this invention has a higher income.

[0152] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crop rotation method for increasing the yield of Vicia faba, characterized in that: The method for treating the paddy field after rice harvesting and then planting horsebean includes draining and drying the field and deep ploughing, and the soil conditioner is applied before deep ploughing, wherein the soil conditioner comprises 100-250 parts of biochar, 2-6 parts of soapberry and 1-4 parts of amino acid salt.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: The soapberry is soaked and steamed, and then is beaten with water to obtain soapberry slurry, the amino acid salt is added into the soapberry slurry, the biochar is added after stirring uniformly, and then is soaked at 40-60℃ for 2-5h, and then is dried by steaming, so as to obtain the soil conditioner.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: The adding amount of the soil conditioner is 80-150kg / acre.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: The amino acid salt is arginine bicarbonate, lysine acetate, glycine potassium, creatine potassium, glutamic acid hydrochloride, arginine hydrochloride, alanine hydrochloride or histidine hydrochloride.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: The water content of the soil after draining and drying is 60-70%, and the deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: The arrangement of the crop rotation planting method is as follows: The rice is planted from June to October, the horsebean seedlings are grown in another plot in September, the rice is harvested in October, the horsebean seedlings are transplanted from November to December, the horsebean seeds are harvested in May of the next year, the horsebean waste plants are turned back into the field after harvesting, the field is flooded after turning back, the field is ploughed after the flooding, the next crop of rice is planted, and the process is repeated.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein: The amino acid salt is arginine bicarbonate.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein: The horsebean waste plants are turned back into the field by rotary ploughing after harvesting, the rotary ploughing depth is 15-20cm, the water depth of the field is 5-10cm, the field is flooded for 15-30 days, and the mass of the horsebean waste plants used for turning back into the field is 1000-1500kg / acre.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein: Urea is also applied when the horsebean waste plants are turned back into the field, the urea is used after pretreatment, and the pretreatment method is as follows: the urea, low urease activity soil and starch are uniformly mixed, and then are granulated by adding water.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: The urease activity of the low urease activity soil is 0.2-0.4mg / g / d, the adding amount of the urea is 0.5-2% of the mass of the horsebean waste plants, and the mass ratio of the urea, low urease activity soil and starch is 1:(5-20):(0.5-2).

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