Special selenium-rich fermented feed for fattening cattle and preparation method of special selenium-rich fermented feed

Abstract

The invention provides a special selenium-rich fermented feed for fattening cattle and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of animal feeds. The special selenium-rich fermented feed for the fattening cattle comprises the following raw materials: corn flour, soybean meal, bran, alfalfa meal, cottonseed meal, selenomethionine, a yeast agent, a lactic acid bacteria agent, a compound enzyme preparation, prebiotics, vitamin E, sodium bicarbonate, table salt, calcium hydrophosphate and the like, and can remarkably improve the bioavailability of selenium in the feed and the overall nutritional value of the feed of the fattening cattle; the feed additive has obvious advantages in the aspects of promoting the growth performance of the fattening cattle, improving the meat quality, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the like, and has good application and popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular to a selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Selenium, as one of the essential trace elements for animal bodies, plays an irreplaceable and important role in the growth and development, immune function regulation and meat quality improvement of fattening cattle. It is not only a key component of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, but also participates in multiple physiological processes such as thyroid hormone metabolism, immune response regulation and muscle development.

[0003] Currently, traditional selenium addition methods in animal husbandry mainly include three types: first, inorganic selenium addition, which involves directly adding inorganic selenium compounds such as sodium selenite and sodium selenate to feed; second, organic selenium addition, which mainly uses organic selenium sources such as selenium yeast and selenomethionine; and third, the application of plant-based selenium-enriched raw materials, such as using selenium-treated selenium-enriched corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and other natural selenium-enriched plant raw materials.

[0004] However, existing selenium-fortified feeds generally have several problems. First, bioavailability is low, especially for inorganic selenium, which has a bioavailability of only 20%-50%. A large amount of selenium cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by animals and is excreted in feces, resulting in resource waste and potential environmental pollution risks. Second, toxicity risk control is difficult. Because the safe range between selenium's nutritional requirements and toxic doses is relatively narrow, excessive addition can easily cause selenium poisoning in animals, leading to clinical symptoms such as hoof lesions and hair loss. Third, nutritional compatibility is unbalanced. Simple selenium fortification often ignores the overall nutritional balance of the feed and the synergistic effects between various nutrients, resulting in low feed digestibility and nutrient utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, product stability is poor; selenium is easily oxidized and inactivated during feed storage and processing, affecting the overall quality of the feed and the availability of selenium. Finally, economic costs are high, especially for imported organic selenium products, which are expensive and significantly increase feed production costs, limiting their widespread application in large-scale farming.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of selenium-enriched feed that has high bioavailability, good safety, and reasonable cost to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle, its preparation method, and its application. By adjusting the feed formulation and combining it with a specific preparation process, the present invention significantly improves the bioavailability of selenium and the overall nutritional value of the feed. It exhibits significant advantages in promoting the growth performance of fattening cattle, improving meat quality, and enhancing antioxidant capacity, successfully solving the problems of low bioavailability, environmental pollution, and high cost associated with traditional selenium feeds.

[0007] The first aspect of this invention is to provide a selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle, comprising the following raw materials: Main raw materials: corn flour 40wt.%-50wt.%, soybean meal 15wt.%-20wt.%, wheat bran 8wt.%-12wt.%, alfalfa meal 12wt.%-18wt.%, cottonseed meal 5wt.%-8wt.%; Functional additives: selenomethionine 0.15-0.25 mg / kg (based on total feed), yeast agent 0.2wt.%-0.5wt.%, lactic acid bacteria agent 0.1wt.%-0.3wt.%, compound enzyme preparation 0.05wt.%-0.15wt.%, prebiotics 0.1wt.%-0.2wt.%, vitamin E 30-50 mg / kg (based on total feed); Nutritional regulators: sodium bicarbonate 1.0wt.%-1.5wt.%, salt 0.7wt.%-1.2wt.%, dicalcium phosphate 1.5wt.%-2.0wt.%.

[0008] Preferably, the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle also includes 1.0 wt.%-2.0 wt.% premix.

[0009] Sodium selenite is currently the most common and lowest-cost inorganic selenium additive, widely used in livestock and poultry feed. However, it has high toxicity, low absorption rate, and easily causes environmental pollution. Furthermore, it is easily reduced by microorganisms during fermentation, forming elemental selenium precipitates and reducing bioavailability. Therefore, this invention uses selenomethionine as a selenium additive to prepare selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle, thereby improving selenium bioavailability and avoiding interference with the fermentation process. Simultaneously, selenium yeast, as an organic selenium source obtained through yeast fermentation in a selenium-enriched culture medium, can also be used to prepare the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle of this invention. However, for cost considerations, selenomethionine better meets the requirements of this invention to reduce feed costs while ensuring effectiveness. The combined addition of vitamin E can create a synergistic effect with selenium, enhancing its antioxidant effect.

[0010] Preferably, the corn flour has a moisture content of ≤14% and a crude protein content of ≥8%; the soybean meal has a crude protein content of ≥43%, a moisture content of ≤13%, and a particle size of ≤2 mm; the wheat bran has a crude protein content of ≥15%, a moisture content of ≤14%, and is free from mold; the alfalfa meal has a crude protein content of ≥17%, a crude fiber content of 20%-25%, and a moisture content of ≤12%; and the cottonseed meal has a crude protein content of ≥41% and a free gossypol content of ≤400 mg / kg.

[0011] Preferably, the selenomethionine has a purity of ≥98% and a selenium content of ≥200 mg / g; the yeast agent is *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, with an effective viable count of ≥1×10⁻⁶. 10CFU / g, wherein the lactic acid bacteria agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei, with an effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g, wherein the effective viable count ratio of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Lactobacillus casei* is 1:(0.5-0.8); wherein the compound enzyme preparation includes cellulase and amylase, wherein the cellulase activity is ≥10000 U / g and the amylase activity is ≥50000 U / g, and the prebiotic is mannan oligosaccharide and / or fructooligosaccharide.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Corn flour is passed through an 80-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size, and other raw materials are passed through a 60-mesh sieve to remove impurities and foreign objects. Excess raw materials after sieving are sealed and stored to prevent moisture absorption. S2. Preparation of selenium source solution: Mix selenomethionine, L-cysteine, and deionized water, heat to 40℃-45℃, and stir thoroughly to dissolve, obtaining a selenium source solution of 150-250 mg Se / L. The amount of L-cysteine ​​used is 0.1 wt.% of the total amount of selenomethionine and deionized water. S3. Ingredient Mixing: Add the dry ingredients to the mixer according to the formula ratio and stir at 50-70 rpm for 10-20 min. Spray the phosphate buffer solution with pH=6.8±0.1 while spraying and mixing for 3-5 min. Calculate the required volume of selenium source solution based on 0.15-0.25 mg / kg of selenomethionine, spray it while spraying and mixing for 5-15 min to ensure uniform distribution. Then add the yeast agent first and mix for 3-5 min. Add the lactic acid bacteria agent and continue mixing for 5-15 min. Adjust the moisture content to 55%-58% until it can be formed into a ball when squeezed in the hand, with water droplets visible between the fingers but not dripping. S4. Fermentation: Fermentation begins at a temperature of 28℃-32℃, a relative humidity of 70%-80%, and a pH of 6.0-6.5, and ends when the pH reaches 4.5-5.5. S5. Post-fermentation: After fermentation, the feed should be kept at 25℃-28℃ and sealed for 40-55 hours. It should be turned over every 6-12 hours to promote uniform maturation. After maturation, the feed should be opened slowly to avoid sudden contact with air. Ventilate at room temperature for 6-8 hours and turn it over 2-3 times to promote moisture balance. S6. Drying and post-processing: Spread the post-matured feed in a thickness of 3-5 cm, dry it at a temperature not exceeding 40°C until the moisture content is 12%-14%, crush it to a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm, and pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, the spraying amount of phosphate buffer is 0.8 wt.%-1.2 wt.% of the total feed, and the inoculation amount of yeast is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g feed, wherein the inoculum amount of the lactic acid bacteria is ≥5×10 5 CFU / g feed.

[0014] Preferably, after step S6, quality inspection and packaging processes are also included. The packaged product is stored in a cool, dry place at a temperature ≤25℃ and a relative humidity ≤65%, with a shelf life of ≥6 months.

[0015] The third aspect of this invention is to provide an application of a selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle in fattening cattle breeding, wherein the selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle is the same as described above.

[0016] The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle of this invention utilizes the synergistic fermentation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria to further convert added selenomethionine into bioactive forms such as selenocysteine ​​and selenoproteins, integrating them into the protein and enzyme systems of the microorganisms to form bioavailable selenium, thus significantly improving the bioavailability of selenium. Simultaneously, the B vitamins, amino acids, digestive enzymes, and β-glucan produced by yeast, along with the lactic acid and antimicrobial peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria, form a stable microecological environment. Combined with compound enzyme preparations (cellulase, amylase) and the proteases and lipases produced by the microorganisms themselves, this significantly improves the digestibility of the feed. Furthermore, selenium and vitamin E work synergistically to provide excellent antioxidant effects; the phosphate buffer system maintains a suitable pH to prevent the inactivation of selenium compounds; L-cysteine ​​prevents the oxidation of selenium; and mannan oligosaccharides / fructooligosaccharides, as prebiotics, selectively promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, increasing nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle of this invention increases feed nutrition by adjusting the raw materials and combining them with metabolites such as organic acids, vitamins, and bioactive peptides produced during the fermentation process. Sodium bicarbonate optimizes the rumen pH environment, ultimately achieving the immune regulation, hormone regulation, and muscle development promotion functions of selenium. This significantly improves the daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, and selenium content of beef in fattening cattle, while significantly reducing selenium emissions. It overcomes the shortcomings of existing selenium feeds and has good application and promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The raw materials used in the following embodiments of the present invention are all commercially available.

[0020] The corn flour has a moisture content of 13% and a crude protein content of 8.7%; the soybean meal has a crude protein content of 43.2%, a moisture content of 12%, and a particle size ≤2 mm; the wheat bran has a crude protein content of 15.1%, a moisture content of 12%, and is free of mold; the alfalfa meal has a crude protein content of 18.8%, a crude fiber content of 24.7%, and a moisture content of 12%; the cottonseed meal has a crude protein content of 41.3%, a free gossypol content of 350 mg / kg, a selenomethionine purity of 98%, and a selenium content of 200 mg / g; the yeast agent is *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, with an effective viable count of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ cells / kg. 10 The lactic acid bacteria agent contains *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Lactobacillus casei*, with an effective viable count of 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / g. 10 CFU / g, effective viable count of Lactobacillus casei is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 The compound enzyme preparation contains cellulase and amylase, with cellulase activity of 12000 U / g and amylase activity of 55000 U / g. The premix composition is Fe 3.3 g / kg, Cu 8.1 g / kg, Zn 15.5 g / kg, Mn 10.6 g / kg, Mg 263.6 g / kg, vitamin A 664.7 KIU / kg, and vitamin D3 1.6 mg / kg.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all experiments were repeated three times, and the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

[0022] Example 1: A selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle, composed of the following raw materials (by weight percentage): The formula consists of 45% corn flour, 18% soybean meal, 10% wheat bran, 15% alfalfa meal, 6% cottonseed meal, 0.20 mg / kg selenomethionine, 0.3% yeast, 0.2% lactic acid bacteria, 0.1% compound enzyme preparation, 0.15% mannan oligosaccharide, 40 mg / kg vitamin E, 1.2% sodium bicarbonate, 1.0% salt, 1.8% dicalcium phosphate, and 1.25% premix.

[0023] The preparation process of the selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle is as follows: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Corn flour is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and other raw materials are passed through a 60-mesh sieve to remove impurities and foreign objects. Excess raw materials after sieving are sealed and stored to prevent moisture absorption. S2. Preparation of selenium source solution: Dissolve selenomethionine in deionized water at 42℃, add 0.1% L-cysteine, and prepare a 200 mg Se / L solution. S3. Ingredient Mixing: Add the dry ingredients to the mixer according to the formula ratio, stir at 60 rpm for 15 min, atomize and spray a phosphate buffer solution with pH=6.8±0.1, mixing while spraying for 5 min, calculate the required volume of selenium source solution based on 0.20 mg / kg of selenomethionine, atomize and spray, mixing while spraying for 10 min to ensure uniform distribution, then add the yeast inoculum first, with an inoculum size of 1.5×10⁻⁶. 6 Add lactic acid bacteria agent after mixing with CFU / g feed for 5 minutes. The inoculum amount of lactic acid bacteria should be ≥5.3×10⁻⁶. 5 Mix CFU / g feed (Lactobacillus plantarum:Lactobacillus casei = 1:0.5) for 10 minutes, then adjust the moisture content to 55%. S4. Fermentation: The mixed material is at pH 6.8 and fermented at 30℃ and 75% humidity until pH 5.0 is reached; S5. Post-fermentation: After fermentation, the feed is sealed and matured at 25℃ for 48 hours, turning it over every 12 hours to promote uniform maturation. After maturation, the feed is slowly opened to avoid sudden contact with air. It is ventilated at room temperature for 8 hours and turned over 3 times to promote moisture balance. S6. Drying: Spread the post-matured feed in a 4 cm thickness and dry it at a temperature not exceeding 40°C until the moisture content is 13%. Crush it to a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm and pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle.

[0024] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that selenomethionine is replaced with an equal amount of sodium selenite.

[0025] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that Lactobacillus casei was not used, but replaced with an equal amount of Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0026] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that Lactobacillus casei is replaced with an equal amount of Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0027] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that no fermentation or post-maturation process is performed. The raw materials are directly mixed and granulated after mixing, with a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0028] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that no post-curing process is performed.

[0029] Test Example 1: Feed Effect Test 1 Experimental Methods 1.1 Laboratory Animals 180 Simmental crossbred fattening cattle of similar weight (350±20 kg) and good health were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups of 30 cattle each. They were fed the feed of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5, respectively. The pre-trial period was 7 days and the formal trial period was 90 days. All groups were kept in the same environment and had free access to feed and water.

[0030] 1.2 Detection Indicators Production performance indicators: Daily gain (ADG), Daily feed intake (ADFI), Feed conversion ratio (F / G); Serum biochemical indicators: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC); Meat quality indicators: muscle selenium content, pH value, drip loss, and shear force; Feed quality indicator: selenium retention rate.

[0031] 1.3 Detection Methods 1.3.1 Methods for Testing Production Performance Indicators Weight measurement: Weigh yourself on an empty stomach at the beginning and end of the test, and calculate the daily weight gain.

[0032] Feed intake measurement: Record the amount of feed given and the amount of leftover feed each day, and calculate the daily feed intake.

[0033] Feed conversion ratio calculation: Feed conversion ratio = Total feed intake / Total weight gain.

[0034] 1.3.2 Serum biochemical index determination Blood collection: 10 mL of blood was collected from the jugular vein on the morning of the 30th, 60th and 90th day of the experiment on an empty stomach.

[0035] GSH-Px activity was determined by colorimetry using a kit.

[0036] MDA content: determined by the thiobarbituric acid method.

[0037] T-AOC: Total antioxidant capacity determined by FRAP method.

[0038] 1.3.3 Methods for testing meat quality indicators Sampling: The longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled after slaughter and digested using a nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion method.

[0039] Muscle selenium content: atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

[0040] pH value: measured directly with a pH meter.

[0041] Drip loss: The weight loss rate was calculated after 24 hours using the bag hanging method.

[0042] Shear force: measured by a texture analyzer, with a sample size of 2 cm × 2 cm × 1 cm.

[0043] 1.3.4 Feed quality indicators Selenium retention rate = (Selenium intake - Fecal selenium excretion - Urinary selenium excretion) / Selenium intake × 100%.

[0044] Digestibility determination method: Total fecal collection method, using acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as an endogenous indicator for calibration; Digestibility = (Intake - Fecal output) / Intake × 100%.

[0045] 2. Test Results 2.1 Production performance indicators The test results of production performance indicators for each group are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Production Performance Indicators

[0047] Example 1 showed high ADG, low feed conversion ratio, highest feed conversion efficiency, and moderate feed intake, indicating good palatability and high nutrient density. This suggests that fermentation process, selenium source type, and post-maturation process have a significant impact on improving feed production performance.

[0048] 2.2 Serum biochemical indicators The results of serum biochemical indicators for each group are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 2 Serum Biochemical Indicators

[0050] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate a significant difference between the two (P < 0.05).

[0051] Example 1 showed the strongest antioxidant capacity, indicating that selenomethionine has a better antioxidant effect than sodium selenate. The fermentation process enhanced the biological activity of selenium, and the synergistic effect of vitamin E and selenium was fully realized.

[0052] 2.3 Meat quality indicators The test results of meat quality indicators for each group are shown in Table 3.

[0053] Table 3 Meat Quality Indicators

[0054] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate a significant difference between the two (P < 0.05).

[0055] The muscle in Example 1 has a high selenium content, a suitable pH value, the best water retention, and the best tenderness.

[0056] 2.4 Feed quality indicators The test results of feed quality indicators for each group are shown in Table 4.

[0057] Table 4 Feed Quality Indicators

[0058] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate a significant difference between the two (P < 0.05).

[0059] As shown in Tables 1-4, the selection of selenium sources significantly improves feed bioavailability, enhances antioxidant capacity, and increases selenium deposition in muscle. Fermentation processes increase daily weight gain in fattening cattle, improve feed conversion rate, and enhance antioxidant function. The combined fermentation of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Lactobacillus casei* yields the best results in selenium fixation and conversion, superior to single strains and combinations of other common lactic acid bacteria (*Lactobacillus acidophilus*). Post-fermentation processing improves selenium retention and significantly enhances meat quality indicators, thereby increasing the overall nutritional value of the feed. Therefore, this invention, through the synergistic effect of optimizing selenium source selection, fermentation process, and post-fermentation process, significantly improves selenium bioavailability and the overall nutritional value of the feed. It demonstrates significant advantages in promoting the growth performance of fattening cattle, improving meat quality, and enhancing antioxidant capacity. It successfully solves the problems of low bioavailability, environmental pollution, and high cost associated with traditional selenium feeds, possessing significant practical value and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0060] An analysis of the cost of the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to this invention shows that the cost per kilogram of feed for weight gain is reduced by approximately 10.7%, and selenium emissions are reduced by approximately 54.3%, thus reducing the environmental burden. Therefore, the technical solution of this invention has both economic and environmental benefits.

[0061] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the feed composition is as follows (by weight percentage): corn flour 49%, soybean meal 16%, wheat bran 9%, alfalfa meal 13%, cottonseed meal 7%, selenomethionine 0.18 mg / kg, yeast agent 0.25%, lactic acid bacteria agent 0.15%, compound enzyme preparation 0.08%, fructooligosaccharide 0.12%, vitamin E 35 mg / kg, sodium bicarbonate 1.4%, salt 0.9%, dicalcium phosphate 1.6%, premix 1.5%; the inoculum size of the yeast agent is 1.3 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g, the inoculum size of the lactic acid bacteria agent is 5.1 × 10⁻⁶. 5The feed formula, with a CFU / g concentration, a fermentation temperature of 29℃, a final fermentation pH of 5.2, and a post-fermentation maturation time of 48 h, is a high-corn flour formulation, making it more suitable for fattening cattle in cold regions.

[0062] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the feed composition is as follows (by weight percentage): corn flour 42%, soybean meal 20%, wheat bran 10%, alfalfa meal 16%, cottonseed meal 5%, selenomethionine 0.22 mg / kg, yeast agent 0.4%, lactic acid bacteria agent 0.25%, compound enzyme preparation 0.12%, mannan oligosaccharide 0.13%, vitamin E 45 mg / kg, sodium bicarbonate 1.3%, salt 1.1%, dicalcium phosphate 1.9%, premix 1.8%; the inoculum size of the yeast agent is 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g, the inoculum size of the lactic acid bacteria agent is 5.8 × 10⁻⁶. 5 CFU / g, Lactobacillus plantarum: Lactobacillus casei = 1:0.6, fermentation temperature 31℃, fermentation endpoint pH = 4.8. This feed is a high-protein formula suitable for rapid fattening.

[0063] Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the feed composition is as follows (by weight percentage): corn flour 46%, soybean meal 17%, wheat bran 11%, alfalfa meal 14%, cottonseed meal 6%, selenomethionine 0.25 mg / kg, yeast agent 0.35%, lactic acid bacteria agent 0.3%, compound enzyme preparation 0.15%, fructooligosaccharide 0.2%, vitamin E 50 mg / kg, sodium bicarbonate 1.1%, salt 1.0%, dicalcium phosphate 1.7%, premix 1.2%; the inoculum size of the yeast agent is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g, the inoculum size for the lactic acid bacteria agent is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. 5 CFU / g. This feed enzyme preparation has a high dosage and is suitable for cattle with weak digestive abilities.

[0064] Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the feed composition is as follows (by weight percentage): corn flour 44%, soybean meal 19%, wheat bran 8%, alfalfa meal 16.5%, cottonseed meal 6%, selenomethionine 0.24 mg / kg, yeast agent 0.45%, lactic acid bacteria agent 0.2%, compound enzyme preparation 0.1%, fructooligosaccharide 0.15%, vitamin E 48 mg / kg, sodium bicarbonate 1.2%, salt 1.2%, dicalcium phosphate 2.0%, premix 1.2%; the inoculum size of the yeast agent is 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g, the inoculum size of the lactic acid bacteria agent is 5.4 × 10⁻⁶. 5The feed contains CFU / g, L-cysteine ​​at 0.12%, phosphate buffer at 1.0%, and is turned over every 8 hours during the post-maturation period. This feed enhances its antioxidant properties and is suitable for high-stress environments.

[0065] Example 6 The difference from Example 1 is that the feed composition is as follows (by weight percentage): corn flour: 47%, soybean meal: 15%, wheat bran: 10%, alfalfa meal: 14%, cottonseed meal: 8%, selenomethionine: 0.15 mg / kg, yeast agent: 0.5%, lactic acid bacteria agent: 0.1%, compound enzyme preparation: 0.05%, fructose: 0.1%, vitamin E: 30 mg / kg, sodium bicarbonate: 1.0%, salt: 0.75%, dicalcium phosphate: 1.5%, premix: 2.0%; yeast inoculation amount 2×10 6 CFU / g feed, Lactobacillus plantarum: Lactobacillus casei = 1:0.8. This feed is fortified with yeast fermentation and is suitable for cattle with mild intestinal health issues.

Claims

1. A selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle, characterized in that, Including the following raw materials: Corn flour 40wt.%-50wt.%, soybean meal 15wt.%-20wt.%, wheat bran 8wt.%-12wt.%, alfalfa meal 12wt.%-18wt.%, cottonseed meal 5wt.%-8wt.%; selenomethionine 0.15-0.25 mg / kg (based on total feed), yeast 0.2wt.%-0.5wt.%, lactic acid bacteria 0.1wt.%-0.3wt.%, compound enzyme preparation 0.05wt.%-0.15wt.%, prebiotics 0.1wt.%-0.2wt.%, vitamin E 30-50 mg / kg (based on total feed); sodium bicarbonate 1.0wt.%-1.5wt.%, salt 0.7wt.%-1.2wt.%, dicalcium phosphate 1.5wt.%-2.0wt.

2. The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fattening cattle-specific selenium-enriched fermented feed also includes 1.0 wt.%-2.0 wt.% premix.

3. The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selenomethionine has a purity of ≥98% and a selenium content of ≥200 mg / g.

4. The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The yeast agent is *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, with an effective viable count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.

5. The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lactic acid bacteria agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei, with an effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g, wherein the effective viable count ratio of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Lactobacillus casei* is 1:(0.5-0.8).

6. The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound enzyme preparation includes cellulase and amylase, with cellulase activity ≥10000 U / g and amylase activity ≥50000 U / g.

7. The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prebiotics are mannan oligosaccharides and / or fructooligosaccharides.

8. The method for preparing the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Corn flour is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and other raw materials are passed through a 60-mesh sieve; S2. Preparation of selenium source solution: Mix selenomethionine, L-cysteine ​​and deionized water, heat to a certain temperature, and stir thoroughly to dissolve to obtain selenium source solution; S3. Ingredient Mixing: Mix the raw materials according to the formula ratio, atomize and spray the phosphate buffer solution while mixing, then atomize and spray the selenium source solution while mixing, then add the yeast agent first, then add the lactic acid bacteria agent, mix evenly, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55%-58%; S4. Fermentation: Fermentation begins at a temperature of 28℃-32℃, a relative humidity of 70%-80%, and a pH of 6.0-6.5, and ends when the pH reaches 4.5-5.

5. S5. Post-fermentation: After fermentation, the feed is kept at 25℃-28℃ and sealed for 40-55 hours, turning it over every 6-12 hours. After fermentation, the feed is slowly opened and ventilated at room temperature for a period of time. S6. Drying and post-processing: Spread the post-matured feed, dry it, crush it, and sieve it to obtain selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the spraying amount of the phosphate buffer solution is 0.8 wt.%-1.2 wt.% of the total feed, and the inoculation amount of yeast is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g feed, wherein the inoculum amount of the lactic acid bacteria is ≥5×10 5 CFU / g feed.

10. The application of a selenium-enriched fermented feed specifically for fattening cattle in fattening cattle breeding, characterized in that... The selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle is the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle as described in any one of claims 1-7 or the selenium-enriched fermented feed for fattening cattle prepared by the method described in claim 8 or 9.

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