A flexible production system and method for sustainable aviation fuel

Abstract

The present application provides a flexible preparation system and method of sustainable aviation fuel, the system comprises: a green electricity power supply module for outputting fluctuating green electricity; a process execution device connected to the green electricity power supply module, comprising five process modules of air carbon capture module, co-electrolysis module, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, hydrogen production module and hydrogenation refining module; a data acquisition module for acquiring the temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow and / or product output flow of each process module in the process execution device; a decision control module based on the weather history data of the green electricity location to predict the future power supply situation of the green electricity, and adjust the distribution of electricity in each process module according to the future power supply situation, and adjust the temperature, pressure and / or raw material input flow in each process module. The present application can simultaneously achieve substantial improvement in cost, reliability, maintainability, product quality and green electricity utilization rate, and realize the flexible and stable operation of the system under the condition of green electricity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sustainable aviation fuel preparation process, and particularly relates to a flexible preparation system and method of sustainable aviation fuel. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is considered as a key path to achieve the goal of net zero emission of the aviation industry by 2050 by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) due to its good compatibility with existing aviation infrastructure and great potential for emission reduction (the theoretical emission reduction range of the whole life cycle can be more than 80%). In particular, the e-SAF preparation process taking direct air carbon capture (DAC) as a source, combining carbon dioxide reduction conversion, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydrogen refining, is becoming a mainstream chemical and refining technology for large-scale consumption of renewable energy green electricity.

[0003] However, renewable energy (such as wind energy and solar energy) has significant intermittency and volatility, and its output is significantly affected by climate and day-night cycle, and is unstable in time and space. The traditional e-SAF synthesis process has very high requirements for energy supply continuity, reactor operation stability and catalyst working condition balance, and is difficult to adapt to the fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy, resulting in serious supply-demand mismatch in large-scale application. Without effective adjustment mechanism, it is easy to cause problems such as frequent start-stop of device, catalyst deactivation, energy efficiency reduction and even system instability.

[0004] Specifically, the existing e-SAF production system mainly faces the following problems: First, the system generally adopts rigid structure design, and the energy and raw material supply is path-dependent and stable, such as traditional DAC, carbon dioxide reduction, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydrogenation refining. The devices are connected with fixed flow and load, and lack of buffering and adjusting ability, which is difficult to quickly respond to power fluctuations, and is easy to lead to frequent start and stop of devices, heat balance disorder, and affect the safety and stability of operation. Second, the performance of traditional catalysts is optimal in a specific temperature, pressure and atmosphere window, and is easy to lose control of reaction conditions under fluctuating conditions, such as sudden temperature drop or temperature rise rate exceeding limit, which will cause catalyst poisoning, carbon deposition, coking and even structure damage, reduce catalytic activity and service life, and frequent start and stop also easily cause repeated stress impact on catalysts, and aggravate the deactivation process. In addition, in the existing e-SAF system, intermediate products such as synthesis gas, hydrogen and Fischer-Tropsch oil wax are produced and used immediately, and there is a lack of effective storage and buffering device, which causes the operation of upstream and downstream to be highly coupled, and when green power fluctuation leads to stagnation or capacity change of a certain link, it will be transmitted to the whole system, and the operation risk will be aggravated. The rectification control strategy is also difficult to support flexible scheduling, and the traditional system is suitable for full load or quasi-steady state operation, and is difficult to cope with the nonlinear dynamic disturbance brought by frequent variable working conditions, and is easy to appear problems such as heat exchange efficiency decrease, separation tower instability and liquid level control difficulty under low load or fluctuation state, which causes product quality to decrease and even process to be interrupted. Finally, the system has limited load adjustment capacity, and is subject to process safety boundary, and the system has low load rate (such as +15% / h, -25% / h), and problems such as local overheating of catalyst, thermal stress damage, reaction interruption, and enhanced side reaction may occur if the load is increased or decreased too fast, which cannot adapt to the rapid fluctuation of renewable energy in hours or even minutes.

[0005] Therefore, under the background of promoting the development of green aviation fuel, it is urgent to carry out systematic research under the driving condition of renewable energy, focus on breaking through the key technologies of coupling integration and process regulation of large-scale carbon capture, carbon conversion and e-SAF synthesis process suitable for power fluctuation characteristics, and build a flexible operation system with flexible response ability, so as to realize the deep integration of renewable energy and e-SAF synthesis process, improve the energy efficiency, stability and economy of the whole system, and help to realize the carbon emission reduction target in the aviation field. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a flexible preparation system and method of sustainable aviation fuel, which integrates green power output, process equipment hardware partition adjustment, process path optimization and intelligent control strategy to solve the problems of rigid hardware, fragile catalyst and poor system regulation of the existing system. It can simultaneously achieve substantial and verifiable improvements in cost, reliability, maintainability, product quality and green power utilization rate, and realize the flexible and stable operation of the sustainable aviation fuel preparation system under green power conditions.

[0007] The present application provides a flexible production system of sustainable aviation fuel, comprising:

[0008] A green power supply module for outputting fluctuating green power;

[0009] A process execution device connected to the green power supply module, comprising five process modules of an air carbon capture module, a co-electrolysis module, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, a hydrogen production module and a hydrogenation refining module, the air carbon capture module is used for capturing carbon dioxide in the air and is composed of a plurality of solid collectors connected in parallel, each solid collector is independently started and stopped, the co-electrolysis module is connected to the air carbon capture module and is composed of a plurality of co-electrolysis tanks connected in parallel, each co-electrolysis tank is independently started and stopped, and is used for electrolyzing carbon dioxide and water to generate synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is connected to the co-electrolysis module and is composed of a plurality of micro-reactors connected in parallel and / or in series, each micro-reactor is independently started and stopped, and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is arranged in the micro-reactor, which is used for converting the synthesis gas into oil wax, the hydrogen production module is composed of a plurality of electrolysis tanks connected in parallel, each electrolysis tank is independently started and stopped, and is used for electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogenation refining module is connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module and the hydrogen production module, and is used for converting the oil wax into aviation fuel through a catalytic hydrogenation reaction.

[0010] A data acquisition module for acquiring the temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow and / or product output flow of each process module in the process execution device;

[0011] A decision control module for predicting the future power supply of green electricity based on the historical weather data and future weather forecast data of the location of green electricity, and adjusting the distribution of power in each process module according to the future power supply, adjusting the temperature, pressure and / or raw material input flow in each process module, and adjusting the actual running load of each process module to fluctuate within a set range by controlling the start and stop of the parallelly connected devices in each process module.

[0012] In one embodiment, each solid collector adsorbs carbon dioxide in the air through a porous solid adsorption material;

[0013] The hydrogenation refining module comprises a plurality of hydrogenation reactors and a rectifying tower, the hydrogenation reactors are used for reacting the oil wax with hydrogen to generate a mixed fuel, each hydrogenation reactor is connected in parallel and / or in series, and the rectifying tower is connected to the hydrogenation reactors and is used for fractionating the mixed fuel into a single fuel.

[0014] In one embodiment, the decision control module further controls the start-stop, adsorption duration and / or desorption duration of each solid-state trap in the air carbon capture module, the start-stop of each co-electrolyzer in the co-electrolyzer module, the feeding rate of carbon dioxide and water, the temperature, the start-stop of each micro-reactor in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, the temperature, the pressure, the syngas flow, the start-stop of each electrolyzer in the hydrogen production module, the pressure, the circulation amount of circulating hydrogen in the hydrogenation reactor in the hydrogen refining module, the input flow of oil and wax, the input flow of hydrogen, the temperature, the pressure, and the feed flow in the rectifying column of the hydrogenation refining module.

[0015] In one embodiment, the micro-reactor is provided with a serpentine, fishbone-shaped and / or Tesla one-way valve-shaped micro-channel, and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is coated on the inner wall of the micro-channel or is arranged in the micro-channel by being loaded on a honeycomb-shaped carrier or a spherical powder carrier with a nano-micro porous structure.

[0016] In one embodiment, the process execution device further comprises an intermediate product storage module, which comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank, a syngas storage tank, an oil and wax storage tank, and a hydrogen storage tank.

[0017] The carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged between the air carbon capture module and the co-electrolysis module and is used for storing carbon dioxide.

[0018] The syngas storage tank is arranged between the co-electrolysis module and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module and is used for storing syngas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

[0019] The oil and wax storage tank is arranged between the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module and the hydrogenation refining module and is used for storing oil and wax.

[0020] The hydrogen storage tank is arranged between the hydrogen production module and the hydrogenation refining module and is used for storing hydrogen.

[0021] The decision control module further controls the liquid level and the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves of the intermediate product storage module.

[0022] In one embodiment, the flexible sustainable aviation fuel production system further comprises an energy storage device connected to the green power supply module for storing green electricity energy, and the energy storage form of the energy storage device is battery energy storage, compressed air energy storage and / or hydrogen energy storage.

[0023] The present application further provides a flexible sustainable aviation fuel production method, which is applied to the flexible sustainable aviation fuel production system as described above and comprises the following steps:

[0024] Collecting weather history data of the green power location;

[0025] Predicting the future power supply situation of green electricity based on the weather history data and the future weather forecast data of the green power location.

[0026] collecting temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow rate and / or product output flow rate of each process module in the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process;

[0027] adjusting the distribution of green electricity in the five process modules of the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process according to future power supply and collected process data, the five process modules being air carbon capture module, co-electrolysis module, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, hydrogen production module and hydrogenation refining module;

[0028] controlling the temperature, pressure and / or raw material input flow rate in each process module.

[0029] In one embodiment, the future power supply of green electricity is predicted based on green electricity location weather history data and future weather forecast data, specifically comprising:

[0030] identifying the time series pattern and fluctuation characteristics of historical green electricity generation output through an AI model;

[0031] combining meteorological information and seasonal regularity to predict the future power supply of green electricity, and obtaining a generation capacity prediction curve for each time period in a day.

[0032] In one embodiment, the flexible preparation method of sustainable aviation fuel further comprises: adjusting the actual operation load of each process module according to the future power supply by controlling the number of devices turned on in each process module within the safe load range of each process module.

[0033] In one embodiment, in the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process, the operation load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is 2 times the operation load of the hydrogenation refining module.

[0034] The minimum load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is 40% load, the minimum load of the hydrogenation refining module is 80% load, and the output of the minimum load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module matches the amount of raw materials required by the minimum load of the hydrogenation refining module.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the flexible preparation system and method of sustainable aviation fuel of the present application have the following advantages:

[0036] 1) The present application combines AI and big data technology to systematically analyze and model the output of past renewable fluctuating energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic power. Through comprehensive processing of historical data, weather information, seasonal patterns, and equipment operation characteristics, the AI model can identify the time series patterns and fluctuation characteristics of wind and solar power generation, and on this basis, make short-term and long-term predictions of future output. AI can train prediction models based on these differences to obtain high-precision prediction curves for total power generation at each time period within a day. Accurate predictions can not only provide feedforward signals for the start-stop and load adjustment of modular devices such as electrolytic cells, DACs, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, but also help the system develop flexible operation strategies to dynamically match energy supply and demand, maximize the utilization efficiency of renewable energy, and improve the flexibility and economy of the overall system.

[0037] 2) The present application uses a comprehensive technical solution of "modularization + buffering (electricity / heat / gas / liquid) + reactor flexibility (microreactor / structured catalyst) + intelligent control of multiple variables" to eliminate the three core defects of traditional e-SAF systems: rigidity, fragility, and coupling from the physical, process, and control paths. On the one hand, relying on modular design, the configuration of energy storage devices and intermediate product storage modules, combined with rhythmic operation and intelligent scheduling mechanisms, the decoupling and operational flexibility between devices are achieved, effectively solving the problem of poor adaptability to power fluctuations and difficulty in matching fluctuating energy in traditional systems. On the other hand, through multi-dimensional technical synergy, significant advantages are achieved in economic risk control, operational reliability, cost and green energy utilization, and product quality. In economic risk control, the system supports phased construction and production, reducing the risk of excessive investment and capital and financial risk. In operational reliability, partial module failure or shutdown does not cause the entire plant to shut down, making maintenance more convenient and significantly improving system operational reliability and availability. In cost and green energy utilization, the system can operate and store energy when electricity prices are low and green energy output is high, significantly improving green energy consumption and optimizing unit product energy consumption and reducing operating costs. In product quality, the downstream can obtain more stable raw material flow, effectively reducing product index fluctuations and ensuring stable product quality.

[0038] 3) The application can effectively solve the core problem of poor catalyst resistance to fluctuations in traditional systems by optimizing process conditions, using a staged holding and pressure maintaining strategy, combining flexible reactor design (such as microreactors used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) and soft start strategy. On the one hand, it can significantly extend the catalyst operation cycle and service life, reduce catalyst replacement frequency, and reduce related maintenance costs by avoiding catalyst deactivation caused by thermal mechanical shock, local overheating or cooling, carbon deposition, and reduction / oxidation cycles. On the other hand, it can also reduce the occurrence of side reactions and carbon deposition caused by temperature fluctuations, improve the selectivity and yield of target products, and maintain long-term performance stability of the catalyst without sacrificing operation effect, fully adapting to the fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy, providing key support for the stable operation of e-SAF synthesis systems driven by fluctuating energy.

[0039] 4) The application can ensure continuous supply of raw materials in each process link and flexibly adjust the operation cycle according to the operation characteristics of different processes to realize decoupling and stable operation of the production system by configuring large gas and liquid storage tanks and using solid adsorbent "carbon holding" as a medium buffer. On the other hand, this buffer system effectively makes up for the shortcoming of the lack of intermediate buffer link in traditional e-SAF systems, brings many significant advantages, significantly improves system stability, reduces the risk of whole-chain operation caused by upstream capacity fluctuations, avoids damage to equipment and impact on catalysts caused by frequent start-stop, and prolongs the service life of equipment and catalysts. It significantly enhances operational flexibility, reduces scheduling costs (without over-expanding process units to cope with short-term power peak and valley), improves resource utilization, reduces raw material waste and energy loss, and further saves raw material procurement and energy consumption costs.

[0040] 5) The application realizes dynamic coordinated regulation of key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate through multivariable linkage control (such as MPC), real-time feedback optimization, and self-adaptive loop regulation mechanism, which can ensure stable and efficient operation of the system under non-steady state conditions. This control strategy, combined with online analysis and multi-grade operation scheme, can maintain stable product indicators when the load changes slightly, effectively avoid problems such as tower plate drying or liquid flooding caused by low load, reduce manual debugging and trial-and-error time, and improve system automation level and operation safety. In addition, this intelligent control method can also avoid overdesign of reboilers / condensers and other equipment to adapt to extreme loads, thereby reducing equipment investment costs.

[0041] 6) The present application significantly improves the response speed, safety and climbing flexibility of the system during load change by adopting device miniaturization, module partition operation and high-efficiency response strategy design. Specifically, by means of miniaturized unit parallel connection, partition climbing strategy and preheating and segmented load increasing rules, the system load regulation capacity is greatly enhanced, which can effectively respond to minute or hour level power fluctuations and has the ability to participate in grid peak shaving and frequency modulation, thereby improving the efficiency of green electricity utilization. At the same time, this design effectively reduces the device fatigue and catalyst mechanical damage caused by rapid load change, further ensuring the reliability and economy of long-term operation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 Structure diagram of a flexible preparation system of sustainable aviation fuel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 Structure diagram of a process execution device in a flexible preparation system of sustainable aviation fuel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3 Control diagram of a flexible preparation system of sustainable aviation fuel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 4 Bar chart of wind and light output power in Hami region within 24 hours.

[0046] REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0047] 100, green power module; 200, process execution device; 201, air carbon capture module; 202, co-electrolysis module; 203, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module; 204, hydrogen production module; 205, hydrogenation refining module; 206, intermediate product storage module; 300, data acquisition module; 400, decision control module; 500, energy storage device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that in the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] Second, "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" appearing in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it necessarily individually selected or mutually exclusive with other embodiments. The word "comprise" or "comprises" means that the claimed feature exists, but does not exclude the existence of one or more other features. The word "and / or" used in the present application includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed terms.

[0050] The present application provides a flexible preparation system of sustainable aviation fuel, mainly suitable for fluctuating electricity (such as green electricity such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, etc.) power supply scene, including green electricity power module 100, process execution device 200, data acquisition module 300, decision control module 400 and energy storage device 500, see Figure 1 The green electricity power module 100 is used to output fluctuating green electricity, such as wind power, photovoltaic power, etc. The energy storage device 500 is connected to the green electricity power module 100, and is used to store the surplus fluctuating electricity generated by the green electricity. The energy storage form of the energy storage device is battery energy storage, compressed air energy storage, hydrogen energy storage (equipped with fuel cell) or any combination of battery, compressed air, hydrogen, etc. Among them, the hydrogen energy storage form of the energy storage device can be designed integrally with the hydrogen storage tank. The energy storage device is also connected to the decision control module, and its opening and closing are controlled by the decision control module. The process execution device 200 is connected to the green electricity power module 100, see Figure 2, including five process modules: an air carbon capture module 201 (DAC), a co-electrolysis module 202 (Co-Elec), a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203 (FTS), a hydrogen production module 204 (Elec), and a hydrorefining module 205 (Hydro+Dist). The air carbon capture module 201 is used to capture carbon dioxide in the air. The co-electrolysis module 202 is connected to the air carbon capture module 201 and is used to electrolyze carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to generate syngas of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203 is connected to the co-electrolysis module 202 and is used to convert the syngas into oil wax. The hydrogen production module 204 is used to electrolyze water to generate hydrogen. The hydrorefining module 205 is connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203 and the hydrogen production module 204 and is used to convert the oil wax into aviation fuel through catalytic hydrogenation reaction. The data acquisition module 300 is used to acquire temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow rate, and / or product output flow rate, etc. of each process module in the process execution device 200. Specifically, a thermocouple, a thermal resistor, or a temperature transmitter is generally selected to acquire a temperature signal, a pressure transmitter is selected to acquire a pressure signal, and a turbine flowmeter or an electromagnetic flowmeter is selected to acquire a flow rate signal of raw material input or product output. The decision control module 400 predicts the future power supply situation of green electricity based on the historical data of green electricity location weather (light and / or wind power, etc.) through an AI large model, and adjusts the distribution of electricity in each process module according to the future power supply situation, dynamically links and adjusts the temperature, pressure, and / or raw material input flow rate in each process module. Multivariable dynamic linkage adjustment means that the temperature and pressure in the process section remain unchanged (maintain high activity and conversion rate of the catalyst), the upstream and downstream are connected in series through the flow parameter change between process sections, and the supply of utilities such as cooling water, steam, and electricity (mainly pumps, compressors, and other moving equipment) is controlled according to the load change in each section. For the entire process, the decision control module mainly adjusts the yield change of each process section according to the future (which can be the next one or two days, or a week of planning) wind light and other green electricity conditions, and controls the change of utilities, etc. The underlying logic is to match the process yield according to the green electricity input, and each process module fluctuates up and down within the high and low range required by the respective equipment, thereby completing the overall material co-retreat.

[0051] The decision control module 400 can be specifically divided into an external input layer, a data acquisition and optimization layer, and a decision control layer, as shown in Figure 3The external input layer is used to predict the future power supply of green electricity based on the AI model and the historical weather data and future weather forecast data of the green electricity location. The data collection and optimization layer is used to receive process data information such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow and / or product output flow of each process module collected by the data collection module 300. The decision control layer is used to generate a load scheduling scheme for each process module and allocate power according to the future power supply of green electricity, combined with the collected process data information, while dynamically coordinating the temperature, pressure, flow and other parameters in each process module, to realize the steady-state operation of the sustainable aviation fuel flexible production system. The decision control module 400 predicts the future power supply of green electricity based on the historical weather data and future weather forecast data of the green electricity location, specifically including: systematic analysis and modeling of the output of past wind power, photovoltaic and other renewable energy sources, comprehensive processing of multi-year historical data, meteorological information, seasonal regularity and equipment operation characteristics, identifying the time series pattern and fluctuation characteristics of wind and light green power generation output through the AI model, for example, in different seasons and months, there are significant differences in solar radiation intensity, day and night length and wind speed distribution, and on this basis, short-term and medium and long-term prediction of future output is carried out, so as to obtain a high-precision prediction curve of the total power generation in each period of a day.

[0052] The air carbon capture module 201 (DAC) of one embodiment of the present application is composed of a plurality of solid capture devices connected in parallel, each of which is independently started and stopped, and each of which absorbs carbon dioxide in the air through a functionalized porous solid adsorbent material (such as an amino-modified silica gel, a porous carbon material, etc.). Specifically, the functionalized porous solid adsorbent material can absorb carbon dioxide in the air at room temperature or at a low or medium temperature, and then the desorption and regeneration of carbon dioxide can be achieved by heating or reducing pressure using solar energy or waste heat, i.e., an adsorption-regeneration cycle. The co-electrolysis module 202 (Co-Elec) is composed of a plurality of co-electrolysis tanks connected in parallel, each of which is independently started and stopped, and each of which is used to simultaneously electrolyze carbon dioxide and water to directly obtain synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203 (FTS) is composed of a plurality of microreactors connected in parallel and / or in series, each of which is independently started and stopped, and each of which is provided with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst (such as a cobalt-based catalyst) and is used to convert synthesis gas into oil wax. The microreactor is provided with a serpentine, a fishbone, a Tesla one-way valve, or a combination of these microchannels, and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is coated on the inner wall of the microchannel or is arranged in the microchannel by being loaded on a honeycomb carrier or a spherical powder carrier with a nano-micro porous structure. The hydrogen production module 204 (Elec) is composed of a plurality of electrolysis tanks (such as a pressure type alkaline electrolysis tank ALK, an atmospheric pressure type alkaline electrolysis tank, and a proton exchange membrane electrolysis tank PEM) connected in parallel, each of which is independently started and stopped, and each of which is used to electrolyze water to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen refining module 205 (Hydro+Dist) includes a plurality of hydrogenation reactors and distillation columns. The hydrogenation reactors are used to react oil wax with hydrogen to generate a mixed fuel, and are connected in parallel and / or in series between each other. The distillation columns are connected to the hydrogenation reactors and are used to fractionate the mixed fuel into a single fuel (such as gasoline, aviation fuel, and diesel).

[0053] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can understand and improve the specific structures of the air carbon capture module, the co-electrolysis module, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen refining module based on the prior art. For example, the process execution device 200 needs to be equipped with common public equipment such as cooling water, steam, pumps, compressors, etc. The air carbon capture module 201 needs to be equipped with gas conveying equipment such as a fan. The hydrogen refining module 205 needs to include a high-pressure separator, a circulating hydrogen compressor, etc. The innovation of the present application mainly lies in the parallel modular integration and unified independent control of the above process modules, and therefore these conventional device configurations will not be described again.

[0054] Accordingly, the decision control module 400 also controls the start-stop of the parallel devices in each process module according to the future power supply situation, adjusts the actual operation load of each process module, and realizes modular operation. Among them, the air carbon capture module 201, the co-electrolysis module 202, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203, and the hydrogen production module 204 can realize the adjustment of the operation load through modular operation, while the hydrogen refining module 205 generally needs full load and stable operation and cannot be adjusted in large load. Specifically, the decision control module 400 also controls the start-stop of each solid-state trap in the air carbon capture module 201, the adsorption time and / or desorption time (i.e. adsorption-regeneration cycle time), the fan operation frequency, the heating method (such as using multi-source low-carbon heat), etc. according to the future power supply situation, to realize the dynamic matching of carbon dioxide generation rhythm and power output. The decision control module 400 also controls the start-stop of each co-electrolysis tank in the co-electrolysis tank module, the feeding rate and proportion of carbon dioxide and water, the temperature, the electrolysis voltage, the current density, etc. according to the future power supply situation, to realize the dynamic adjustment of the gas production ratio (CO / H2), the pressure, and the flow. The decision control module 400 also controls the start-stop of each micro-reactor in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203, the temperature, the pressure, the synthesis gas flow, etc. according to the future power supply situation, to realize the smooth switching of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203 from full load to partial load. The decision control module 400 also controls the start-stop of each electrolysis tank in the hydrogen production module 204, the pressure, the power control, the hot water circulation adjustment, etc. according to the future power supply situation, to realize the load adjustment or hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen production module 204. The decision control module 400 also controls the circulation amount of circulating hydrogen in the hydrogenation reactor, the input flow of oil and wax, the input flow of hydrogen, etc. in the hydrogenation refining module 205 according to the future power supply situation, as well as the temperature, pressure, feed flow, reflux ratio, etc. in the rectifying tower, and the rectifying tower can also be set to have multiple operation strategies (such as deep cut, shallow cut, energy-saving mode) to quickly respond to market fluctuations. Among them, the decision control module has a larger adjustment range for flow parameters in each process module, and a relatively smaller adjustment range for temperature and pressure, especially in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module and the hydrogenation refining module, which mainly need to maintain the stability of temperature and pressure parameters.

[0055] Controlling the circulation amount of circulating hydrogen in the hydrogenation reactor, the input flow of oil and wax, the input flow of hydrogen, etc. in the hydrogenation refining module 205 is mainly to avoid a large reduction in the load of the hydrogenation reactor, and there are mainly two implementation methods: one is to supplement fresh oil and wax and circulating hydrogen, which generally needs to rely on oil and wax storage tanks and hydrogen storage tanks; the other is to increase the circulation amount of circulating hydrogen, which is realized by appropriately increasing the flow of the circulating hydrogen compressor to ensure that the hydrogenation reactor has smaller pressure drop fluctuations and catalyst activity reduction.

[0056] Similarly, the temperature, pressure, feed flow rate, reflux ratio, etc. in the rectifying column in the hydrofining module 205 are also controlled to avoid a significant reduction in the load of the rectifying column. The thermodynamic stability of the column temperature can be achieved by a flexible heat source system and a condensing system that can accurately respond to load changes. In addition, during the installation stage of the rectifying column, a wide range of internal components (such as high-efficiency trays or fillers) and a reasonable column diameter ratio can be selected. The multi-grade operation strategy of the rectifying column (such as deep cut, shallow cut, and energy-saving mode) is for oil rectification. Specifically, mixed oil is divided into several categories such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and heavy oil, and many small categories. The "cut" means cutting the oil. Deep cut refers to fine operation, such as cutting out several types of gasoline; shallow cut refers to only dividing into large categories without dividing into small categories; and energy-saving mode refers to maintaining the minimum load operation of the rectifying column, keeping the reboiler and condenser running, and using full reflux mode without product extraction.

[0057] The process execution device 200 of one embodiment of the present application further comprises an intermediate product storage module 206, which comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank, a synthesis gas storage tank, an oil wax storage tank, and a hydrogen storage tank. The carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged between the air carbon capture module 201 and the co-electrolysis module 202, and is used to store carbon dioxide. The synthesis gas storage tank is arranged between the co-electrolysis module 202 and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203, and is used to store synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The oil wax storage tank is arranged between the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module 203 and the hydrofining module 205, and is used to store oil wax. In addition, the oil wax storage tank also needs a heating device to maintain the liquid flow of the oil wax. The hydrogen storage tank is arranged between the hydrogen production module 204 and the hydrofining module 205, and is used to store hydrogen. The decision control module 400 also controls the liquid level of the tank body and the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves of the intermediate product storage module 206, thereby controlling the input flow rate of the raw materials of each process module.

[0058] The present application also provides a flexible method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, which is applied to the flexible system for preparing sustainable aviation fuel as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0059] Collecting weather history data of the location of green electricity: collecting and storing weather history data of the location of green electricity for the past 10-20 years in the system, and collecting weather history data of the location for the next 5-10 days before prediction;

[0060] Predicting the future power supply of green electricity based on the weather history data of the location of green electricity and the weather forecast data for the next 1-7 days;

[0061] Collecting process data such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow rate and / or product output flow rate of each process module in the preparation process of sustainable aviation fuel;

[0062] Adjust the distribution of green electricity in the five process modules of the air carbon capture module, the co-electrolysis module, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, the hydrogen production module and the hydrogenation refining module in the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process according to the future power supply situation and the collected process data.

[0063] Based on the operating load allocated to each process module and the real-time collected data, the temperature, pressure and / or raw material input flow in each process module are dynamically coordinated and controlled, and the energy storage module and the corresponding intermediate product storage module are adjusted.

[0064] According to the future power supply situation and the collected process data, the distribution of green electricity in the five process modules of the air carbon capture module, the co-electrolysis module, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, the hydrogen production module and the hydrogenation refining module in the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process of an embodiment of the present application, specifically includes: each process module needs to be set with priority, and the power distribution is based on the priority. Since the hydrogenation refining module can be adjusted by the inventory in the intermediate product storage module, the priority of the air carbon capture module, the co-electrolysis module and the hydrogen production module is higher than that of the subsequent process.

[0065] The future power supply situation of green electricity is predicted based on the weather history data and the weather forecast data in the next 1-7 days at the location of green electricity of an embodiment of the present application, specifically including:

[0066] The time series pattern and fluctuation characteristics of historical green electricity generation output are identified by an AI model;

[0067] The future power supply situation of green electricity is predicted in combination with meteorological information and seasonal regularity, and a generation capacity prediction curve for each time period in a day is obtained.

[0068] The flexible preparation method of sustainable aviation fuel of an embodiment of the present application further includes: adjusting the actual operating load of each process module by controlling the number of devices turned on in each process module of the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process within the safe load range of each process module according to the future power supply situation.

[0069] In the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process, the operating load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is about 2 times the operating load of the hydrogenation refining module. The minimum load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is 40% load, and the minimum load of the hydrogenation refining module is 80% load. The output of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module at the minimum load matches the amount of raw materials required by the hydrogenation refining module at the minimum load.

[0070] It should be noted that the operating load refers to the percentage of the actual processing capacity of the equipment to the maximum processing capacity designed by itself. For example, 100% load = full load operation, 50% load = half load operation.

[0071] The flexible preparation system and method of sustainable aviation fuel of the present application will be described in detail below.

[0072] The SAF preparation flexible process in the present application is mainly divided into five process sections: direct air carbon capture DAC (process section one), carbon dioxide electro-reduction (process section two), Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (process section three), hydrogenation refining and rectification purification (process section four), and an auxiliary process section: water electrolysis hydrogen production (process section five). Process sections one, two, three and five all adopt modular operation design. The flexible characteristics of the modular operation equipment mainly reflect in parallel configuration, unit independence and easy scalability. Each module as a functionally complete minimum unit can be independently started and stopped and maintained separately without affecting the continuous operation of the overall system. Through the parallel arrangement of multiple modules, the system can dynamically adjust the number of modules in operation according to external energy or load changes, and realize flexible switching from low load to full load. Modular design also facilitates on-demand expansion of system capacity, adapting to different scale application requirements. In addition, the modules are decoupled from each other, making the system have strong anti-interference and fault isolation capability, improving the operation safety and stability. This feature enables the modular equipment to have good flexible adaptation capability in green electricity driven, intermittent operation or frequent load fluctuation scenarios, helping to achieve efficient and intelligent process control. The process sections are discussed below respectively:

[0073] I. In the air carbon capture module

[0074] Solid adsorption method in DAC is attracting attention due to its design, equipment and operation flexibility, showing strong system flexibility, especially suitable for intermittent operation under renewable energy power supply conditions. Solid adsorption method usually uses functionalized porous solid materials (such as amino-modified silica gel, porous carbon materials, etc.) to adsorb carbon dioxide in air at room temperature or low temperature, and uses solar energy or waste heat to realize desorption regeneration by heating or reducing pressure. Compared with liquid absorption method, solid adsorption system has faster start-stop response speed, lower thermal inertia and smaller system inertia, so it is easier to coordinate with fluctuating green electricity such as wind power and photovoltaic power. In terms of equipment design, solid adsorption system can adopt modular parallel structure, each capture device can be independently controlled, supporting partition start-stop and load switching, and facilitating flexible scheduling of operation state according to real-time power supply.

[0075] The system flexibility of solid DAC also comes from the carbon holding capacity of the adsorbent and the time-delayed nature of the process: the solid adsorbent itself has a strong CO2 holding capacity and can store carbon for a long time without failure, making the desorption arrangement more flexible and objectively playing the role of a CO2 storage tank. The solid adsorption DAC process separates the adsorption and regeneration (desorption) processes physically, and has obvious flexibility in operation timing. When the power supply is tight, the desorption process with high energy consumption can be suspended, and only the adsorption operation is retained to store CO2 in the adsorbent first, and then desorb when the power supply is abundant. This time-delayed nature allows the DAC system to adjust energy consumption in the time dimension and effectively coordinate with renewable energy fluctuations. Therefore, the flexibility of solid DAC comes from the time-decoupling of the operation process, the load regulation capability of the modular structure, the selection space of the adsorbent material, and the programmable control of the process rhythm, which provides good adaptability for low-carbon capture systems driven by green electricity.

[0076] In terms of operation strategy, the operation rhythm and power output can be dynamically matched by adjusting the adsorption-regeneration cycle time, fan operation frequency, heating method (such as using multi-source low-carbon heat), etc. At the same time, the system can run at full power when the power supply is sufficient to improve the CO2 capture efficiency, and can be partially shut down or reduced in load when the power supply is limited to ensure overall energy efficiency and economy. Based on the multiple flexibility characteristics of design, equipment and operation, solid adsorption method has become one of the most suitable technical paths for green electricity driven DAC.

[0077] Through experiments, the one-time adsorption capacity of each kilogram of adsorbent is about 0.02-0.05 kilograms of carbon dioxide, the adsorption time is 1-3 hours, and the desorption time is 0.2-1 hour. Therefore, the carbon holding capacity of the adsorbent and the time-delayed nature of adsorption and desorption can be used to complete the flexible operation of DAC. The DAC capture device is designed in blocks according to the production capacity, and the industrial production capacity of a single capture device can reach 100-500 tons of CO2 per year.

[0078] II. In the carbon dioxide electro-reduction module

[0079] The carbon dioxide reduction adopts a co-electrolysis form, which can directly obtain a synthesis gas of CO and H2 by simultaneously electrolyzing CO2 and H2O in an electrolytic cell, providing an ideal raw material for the downstream synthesis of sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF). To adapt to the large fluctuation of renewable energy output, the present application adopts a modular co-electrolysis cell design, which divides the electrolysis system into several independent units, each module can be independently started and stopped according to the power supply condition, and can be flexibly scheduled, so as to realize rapid response to power grid fluctuation and improve system operation flexibility. This structure not only can be concentrated for operation to improve the efficiency of synthesis gas generation when the power supply is sufficient, and can be partially disabled to reduce the load when the power supply is insufficient, but also can work with electrolytic hydrogen and energy storage systems to build a dynamic energy utilization platform of electricity-gas-carbon integration.

[0080] The co-electrolysis cell also has flexible characteristics such as fast load response, large adjustment range, and adjustable product composition: The co-electrolysis preparation of synthesis gas system has excellent electrical load response capability. A single co-electrolysis cell can realize rapid switching from shutdown to full load in milliseconds to seconds, adapting to the fluctuating output of renewable energy such as wind and light. In addition, the co-electrolysis cell still maintains high efficiency under partial load operation, and the operating load can be stably adjusted in the range of 10% to 100%. Its flexibility not only lies in fast response, but also in performance stability when adjusting the load by a large margin. The co-electrolysis can flexibly adjust the molar ratio of CO / H2 in the generated synthesis gas by controlling the input current density, temperature and CO2 / H2O feed ratio. This feature is very beneficial to downstream processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and can dynamically match the composition of synthesis gas according to real-time demand, realizing "product flexibility", not just "load flexibility". By modularizing multiple co-electrolysis units, the system can start and stop as needed, intelligently adjust the operating power, and realize the optimal matching between grid load regulation, green electricity priority consumption and gas production planning, which is an important flexible load unit in high-proportion renewable energy scenarios. By precisely controlling the electrolysis current, voltage and module start-stop state, dynamic adjustment of gas production ratio (CO / H2), pressure and flow rate can be realized, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the downstream reaction system under different energy input conditions, and is one of the key technologies for realizing the "electricity to fuel" path and deep coupling with renewable energy.

[0081] Through experiments, the co-electrolysis cell is designed according to the energy production block, and the industrial production capacity of a single co-electrolysis cell can reach 50-300 tons of synthesis gas (hydrocarbon ratio = 1:2) per year.

[0082] III. In the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module

[0083] Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process is traditionally regarded as a typical chemical rigid system, which is highly dependent on continuous and stable operation. In the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, synthesis gas (CO and H2) needs to be continuously reacted with catalysts under high temperature and high pressure to generate liquid hydrocarbon products. The process is extremely sensitive to temperature, pressure and reactant composition. Once the operating conditions fluctuate, it is easy to cause catalyst carbon deposition, selectivity decline and even reaction stagnation. Specifically, as a strong exothermic reaction process with high temperature control requirements, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is suitable for concentrated operation during energy-rich periods (such as daytime photovoltaic peak period) to produce oil and wax intermediates. At present, microreactors provide strong support for building a flexible Fischer-Tropsch oil and wax production system due to their high surface area / volume ratio, excellent heat and mass transfer characteristics, fast response capability, and modular integration advantages. The flexibility of microreactors in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis comes from their small size, fast response, precise temperature control, and modular structure. In microreactors, gas reactants flow in a laminar state in microchannels, and reaction heat can be effectively removed in a very short time, avoiding the hot spot problem in traditional reactors and significantly improving reaction stability and safety. At the same time, microreactors have small volume and low thermal inertia, which can realize rapid start-stop and dynamic adjustment of production capacity, greatly improving the system's adaptability to fluctuating power sources such as wind and photovoltaic power. In addition, the modular design of microreactors enables the system to start and stop on demand, and flexibly expand or shrink. By connecting different units in parallel or series, the system can achieve smooth operation from 20% to 100% load. Combined with advanced flow, temperature and pressure regulation and control strategies, microreactors can achieve high conversion and excellent selectivity at low load in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, especially suitable for continuous production of Fischer-Tropsch oil and wax products. With the deep integration of microreactors with membrane reactors, online analysis and AI control technologies, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis system has higher degree of flexible manufacturing capability, providing a practical path for the realization of large-scale application of synthetic fuels driven by renewable energy.

[0084] The micro-reactor has a high specific surface area and a micro-channel structure, which allows the reaction heat to be rapidly conducted to the cooling medium, thereby quickly stabilizing the reaction temperature and preventing local overheating. This feature enables the micro-reactor to maintain reaction stability even under conditions of external heat source fluctuations and frequent start-stop driven by green electricity, which is a basic condition for flexible operation. The micro-reactor can complete start-stop in a short time due to its small system size, low thermal inertia, and fast start-up temperature rise, making it suitable for coupling with renewable energy period operation. At the same time, its structure allows the load to be raised and lowered at a high frequency by adjusting the flow of reactants, without causing the reaction system to "lose control" or become unstable. The micro-reactor can use a coated or structured catalyst (such as a catalytic coating wall or a honeycomb structure), which is highly coupled with the reactor, helping to quickly reach the activation temperature and improve the integrated response speed of the reactor and catalyst. Compared to traditional catalytic beds, the micro-reactor is more suitable for intermittent and dynamic load operation. In practical applications, such as a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis system, the micro-reactor can achieve smooth switching from full load to partial load through flow, heat flux adjustment, and modular parallel connection, adapt to real-time changes in the input end of new energy, and improve the flexibility and stability of the overall system.

[0085] The flexibility of the micro-reactor can also achieve graded temperature and pressure preservation of the catalyst. For example, in a high-pressure reactor, the operating pressure is not the same, and the pressure fluctuation within 10 MPa has a lower limit of 70%, while the pressure fluctuation between 10-100 MPa has a lower limit of 85%. The temperature is determined according to the reaction, such as the Fischer-Tropsch reaction at 210-250℃, with a minimum temperature of 200℃ during temperature preservation, and the hydrogenation reaction at 330-380℃, with a minimum temperature of 300℃ during temperature preservation. Graded temperature and pressure preservation of the catalyst can avoid catalyst deactivation and reduce equipment material fatigue caused by frequent changes in reactor temperature and pressure, and prevent possible equipment damage.

[0086] Through testing, a single micro-reactor of the Fischer-Tropsch micro-reactor can achieve an industrial production capacity of 50-300 tons of Fischer-Tropsch wax per year.

[0087] Four, in the electrolysis of water hydrogen module

[0088] The electrolysis of water hydrogen module has good flexible operation capability and can adapt to the demand for renewable energy fluctuation power supply, which is a key technical unit for building a flexible hydrogen energy system. Compared to traditional chemical processes, the electrolysis of water system can start, stop, or adjust the hydrogen production rate within a wide load range, with the pressure-type alkaline electrolytic cell ALK load range: 40-120%; the atmospheric pressure-type alkaline electrolytic cell load range: 10-120%; and the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell PEM load range: 5%-120%, which can stably operate within their respective advantage ranges and have strong load tracking capability.

[0089] The flexibility of the electrolytic water hydrogen production system mainly reflects in five aspects: fast start-stop response (seconds to minutes), wide load adjustment range, and stability under rapid current density changes. First, it has a wide range of load adjustment capability and can operate stably within 10% to 100% load range. Second, it has fast response speed, especially PEM electrolytic cell, which can achieve second-level start-stop, suitable for fluctuating green electricity such as wind and light. Third, it supports frequent start-stop, with little impact on equipment during start-up and shutdown, and long service life. Fourth, it adopts modular design, multiple electrolytic units can be independently controlled and flexibly combined, which is convenient for dynamic scheduling according to power fluctuations. Fifth, it can realize the time sequence decoupling of hydrogen production and consumption through the hydrogen storage system, further improving the overall adjustment capability and operation stability of the system.

[0090] Through power control, modular design and hot water circulation regulation, fast switching of working conditions can be realized, and peak shaving or market price response can be carried out in cooperation with green electricity consumption strategy. In addition, flexible operation also needs to be combined with gas purification, pressure regulation and safety interlocking system to avoid problems such as efficiency decline, uneven electrode aging or insufficient gas evolution caused by low load operation. Overall, the combination of electrolytic water modular design and advanced control system makes it a highly adaptable core technology unit in green energy scenarios.

[0091] Through experiments, the electrolytic water hydrogen production system is designed according to the production capacity, and a single electrolytic cell can realize industrialized production capacity of 200-1000 tons of hydrogen per year.

[0092] Five, in the hydrogenation refining module

[0093] The fourth process is safer to control at 80% minimum load due to the use of traditional chemical process mode.

[0094] Hydrogenation refining, as a post-processing step, relies on stable hydrogen supply and heat input to ensure the full performance of reactions such as hydrogenation cracking and hydrogenation isomerization. This type of process is usually designed according to full load and steady-state operation mode, with complex and long start-up and shutdown process, narrow load adjustment range, and lack of adjustment capability to respond to fluctuations in raw materials and electricity, making it difficult to coordinate with intermittent renewable energy. In addition, due to the high temperature and high pressure characteristics of the hydrogenation process itself, it is not suitable for the requirement of large fluctuations in temperature and pressure caused by large load changes, which is a dangerous source of equipment fatigue and uncontrollability.

[0095] In the hydrogenation refining, the circulating hydrogen consumption is about 10% of the mass of the Fischer-Tropsch wax. Due to the reduction of the production load, the circulating hydrogen consumption is reduced. However, in order to ensure the relative stability of the load, there are two ways to avoid the reduction of the load, one is to use the fresh Fischer-Tropsch wax and the circulating hydrogen, which needs to increase the Fischer-Tropsch oil wax storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank; the other is to increase the circulating amount of the circulating hydrogen, which is realized by appropriately increasing the flow of the circulating hydrogen compressor, so that the hydrogenation reactor has smaller pressure drop fluctuation and catalyst activity reduction.

[0096] It is difficult to realize large-scale load adjustment in the oil product rectification system, mainly because it is highly sensitive to gas-liquid balance, reflux ratio and temperature distribution in the tower. Too low load can easily lead to tower plate dryness and separation efficiency reduction, and too high load can easily cause liquid flooding instability. Meanwhile, the heat load of the reboiler and the condenser is difficult to match synchronously, and the control system is also difficult to quickly adapt, affecting product quality and operation stability. Therefore, the traditional chemical system has significant limitations in flexibility and adaptability, and is not suitable for green chemical scenes dominated by fluctuating energy such as wind and light. In order to realize flexible operation of hydrogenated oil product rectification and meet the requirements of flexible production system, it is necessary to optimize the design and control level. First, by selecting tower internals with wide adaptability (such as high-efficiency trays or fillings) and reasonable tower diameter ratio design, it is ensured that the separation efficiency is still good within the load range of 60% to 110%. Second, a flexible and adjustable heat source system and condensing system are matched, so that the reboiler and the condenser can accurately respond to load changes and maintain the thermodynamic stability of the tower. Third, an intelligent control system is used to realize dynamic linkage adjustment of feed flow, reflux ratio, tower pressure and tower temperature, ensuring stable operation and product quality under different working conditions. Fourth, combined with production plan requirements, multiple operation strategies (such as deep cut, shallow cut and energy-saving mode) are set to quickly respond to market fluctuations. In addition, improving online analysis capability and data-driven optimization model can help quickly and stably process parameters in frequent switching. Finally, the oil product rectification device realizes efficient, safe and economic operation under different raw materials, different product structures and different market loads, supporting modern flexible production system.

[0097] In the present application, the Fischer-Tropsch oil wax hydrogenation refining and rectification module also adopts the configuration strategy of "large-scale front-end synthesis and small-scale oil product refining", that is, the operating load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis system is about 2 times the load of the oil product refining system, and through the rhythm difference operation mode of "the minimum load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis end is 40% and the minimum load of the oil product refining is 80%", the effective adaptation to fluctuating energy supply conditions can be realized, and the process flexibility and system coordination are strong. Or by configuring an intermediate product buffer system (such as an oil wax storage tank) to absorb the fluctuations of the front-stage products, the operation mode of "fast production and slow refining" is realized. This operation mode can effectively improve the load utilization rate of the hydrogenation device and the catalyst life, avoid the reaction performance fluctuations caused by frequent start and stop, reduce the dependence on stable power supply, and enhance the system's ability to withstand green electricity fluctuations.

[0098] The system and method of the present application are described in detail below with the example of Hami region.

[0099] The setting parameters of wind and light electricity in Hami region are as follows:

[0100] 1. Total installed capacity: 200 units (MW), of which wind power 60 units (30%), photovoltaic 140 units (70%);

[0101] 2. Typical situation in Hami region: light period is 7-19 (photovoltaic output), wind speed is strong at 0-6 and 18-24 (wind power output), wind power output is stronger and more stable at night and early morning; the output "peak offset" of wind and photovoltaic is very suitable for wind-solar complementation.

[0102] Characteristic output: as shown in Table 1 and Figure 4 , photovoltaic output starts to rise from 7:00, reaches the peak at 12:00-14:00, and rapidly decreases after 18:00; wind power output is high at night and low during the day, forming an "arch-shaped bottom support"; the total output curve: 24 hours of uninterrupted power supply, peak value 176 MW at 12:00-14:00, and stable at 42-45 MW at 0-6.

[0103] Assuming that the limit is 100 MW and 40 MW, the green electricity is in a high output state for a total of 9 hours from 8:30 to 17:30, and in a low output state for a total of 15 hours from 17:30 to 8:30 the next day, therefore, the present application designs this flexible system to reduce the load to 40% of the design load.

[0104] Table 1: Wind and light electricity output table in Hami region within 24 hours

[0105]

[0106] As can be seen from Table 1 above, the total redundant energy is about 500 MW*h at the peak of wind and light electricity, and about 200 MW*h at the valley. The use of this part of the redundant electric energy is divided into three parts of energy storage, one part of 30% uses battery energy storage, another part of 30% uses compressed air energy storage, and the other part of 40% uses hydrogen energy storage (configures fuel cell power generation, such as SOFC).

[0107] Taking the annual production of 10,000 tons of sustainable aviation fuel as an example, the abundant wind and light electricity resources in Hami region are fully utilized, and green electricity is used as the only energy input mode of the SAF production island.

[0108] Table 2 below is the production load and energy consumption of each process section in the continuous ten-thousand-ton SAF. If a flexible mode is used, the following strategies are adopted: the first, second, third and fifth sections can achieve 40%-100%; the fourth section adopts a traditional chemical device, in order to ensure the safety period, the fourth section adopts continuous operation, and the lower limit of the load is 80% of the design load (the reliable lower limit of stable product composition). The overall equipment of the first, second, third and fifth sections is designed according to 1.6 times of the benchmark (material quantity of 8000 hours of continuous operation), that is, 1.6 times of the traditional chemical stable continuous operation device, and is started up within 9 hours at full load, and is started up within 15 hours at 40% of full load (i.e. 0.64 times of the benchmark). The fourth section adopts a traditional chemical process, and the overall equipment is set according to 1.143 times of the benchmark, that is, 1.143 times of the traditional chemical stable continuous operation device, and is started up within 9 hours at full load, and is started up within 15 hours at 80% of full load (i.e. 0.91 times of the benchmark).

[0109] Table 2 Production load and energy consumption of each process section in the continuous ten-thousand-ton SAF

[0110]

[0111] The total power of the flexible system is 98.20 MW in the period when the wind and light electric output is abundant, and is 42.15 MW in the period when the output is scarce. Taking the output of 200 units of a green electricity base in Hami, Xinjiang as an example, 100 MW is stably output in the 9-hour peak phase, and 40 MW is stably output in the 15-hour valley phase, and the energy storage mode (such as the aforementioned battery energy storage, compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage) is added. Or in the period of 10-16 when the wind and light electric output is extremely abundant, the spare equipment of the first, second, third and fifth sections is additionally increased by taking advantage of the modular equipment which is convenient to assemble, increase and decrease the load. The purpose of this part of equipment is to maximize the use of redundant wind and light electricity.

[0112] Table 3 Difference table of material and energy consumption of each process section after adding redundant equipment

[0113]

[0114] As can be seen from Table 3, when the fourth section is started up at full load within 15 hours, the energy consumption increases by 5.15 MW, i.e. reaches 25.71 MW, and the total power of the overall five process sections reaches 47.3 MW.

[0115] From the above table, it can be concluded that: 1. The process equipment selection is designed and matched based on the design benchmark (8000 hours of continuous) of 22.88% (which can be rounded to 25% for implementation), among which 7157.62 kg of Fischer-Tropsch wax can be produced in 9 hours of wind-solar power redundancy period (24-hour cycle), and this part of the overproduced Fischer-Tropsch wax is converted into SAF oil in 15 hours, that is, 286 kg of SAF is produced per hour, forming a full load operation of the fourth section of the process, and 1429 kg of SAF is produced per hour (24-hour cycle). 2. The power is increased by 21.69 MW in 9 hours, and the total power reaches 119.89 MW; the power is increased by 5.15 MW in 15 hours, and the total power reaches 47.3 MW. 3. The increased power is basically within the redundancy value coverage, and the possibility of causing large-scale impact on normal production and daily energy storage is relatively low, which can fully meet the requirements of flexible scheduling and continuous output of SAF production system.

[0116] After increasing the process equipment by 25% in the above embodiment, there is still some surplus of wind-solar power redundancy, and this part of energy can be stored in the form of energy storage (or simply discarded), and if the power is sufficient, the production capacity in 15 hours can be appropriately increased, and the intermediate products can be stored in the storage tank in a certain state (such as the pressure required by the downstream process), including the carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank, the synthesis gas high-pressure storage tank, the Fischer-Tropsch oil wax storage tank (with heating to maintain liquid flow), and the hydrogen high-pressure storage tank (energy storage and hydrogen storage integrated).

[0117] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and such description is only for the purpose of making the description of the present application simpler and more convenient, and does not indicate or imply that the components referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

[0118] In addition, in this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "connection", "arrangement" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connection" can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0119] Although the above methods are illustrated and described as a series of actions for the sake of simplicity of explanation, it should be understood and appreciated that these methods are not limited by the order of actions, because according to one or more embodiments, some actions can occur in different order and / or concurrently with other actions illustrated and described herein or not illustrated and described herein but can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0120] The constructions and arrangements shown in the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, elements shown as integrally formed can be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements can be reversed or otherwise changed, and the nature or number of elements can be modified or changed. Therefore, all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present application. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or re-sequenced without departing from the spirit of the application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Any "device" or "apparatus" clauses contained in the claims are intended to encompass structure, as well as equivalents thereof, that perform the recited function of the elements presented in that clause. Various corresponding modifications and variations can be made to the application as described and illustrated herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the application.

Claims

1. A flexible production system for sustainable aviation fuel, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A green electricity power module is used to output fluctuating green electricity power; A process execution device is connected to the green electricity power module and comprises five process modules, i.e., an air carbon capture module, a co-electrolysis module, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, a hydrogen production module, and a hydrogenation refining module. The air carbon capture module is used to capture carbon dioxide in the air and is composed of a plurality of solid collectors connected in parallel. Each solid collector is independently started and stopped. The co-electrolysis module is connected to the air carbon capture module and is composed of a plurality of co-electrolysis tanks connected in parallel. Each co-electrolysis tank is independently started and stopped and is used to electrolyze carbon dioxide and water to generate synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is connected to the co-electrolysis module and is composed of a plurality of micro-reactors connected in parallel and / or in series. Each micro-reactor is independently started and stopped. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is arranged in the micro-reactor and is used to convert the synthesis gas into oil and wax. The hydrogen production module is composed of a plurality of electrolysis tanks connected in parallel. Each electrolysis tank is independently started and stopped and is used to electrolyze water to generate hydrogen. The hydrogenation refining module is connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module and the hydrogen production module and is used to convert the oil and wax into aviation fuel through a catalytic hydrogenation reaction. A data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow rate, and / or product output flow rate of each process module in the process execution device. A decision control module is used to predict the future power supply of green electricity based on historical weather data and future weather forecast data of the location of the green electricity and to adjust the distribution of power in each process module according to the future power supply. The process output is matched with the input green electricity, and the temperature, pressure, and / or raw material input flow rate in each process module are dynamically adjusted. The actual operation load of each process module is adjusted to fluctuate within a set range by controlling the start and stop of the parallelly connected devices in each process module.

2. The flexible production system of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each solid collector adsorbs carbon dioxide in the air through a porous solid adsorption material. The hydrogenation refining module comprises a plurality of hydrogenation reactors and a rectifying column. The hydrogenation reactors are used to react the oil and wax with hydrogen to generate a mixed fuel. The hydrogenation reactors are connected in parallel and / or in series. The rectifying column is connected to the hydrogenation reactors and is used to fractionate the mixed fuel into a single fuel.

3. The flexible production system of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The decision control module further controls the start and stop, adsorption time, and / or desorption time of each solid collector in the air carbon capture module, the start and stop, feed rate, and temperature of carbon dioxide and water in the co-electrolysis module, the start and stop, temperature, pressure, and synthesis gas flow rate of each micro-reactor in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, the start and stop, pressure of each electrolysis tank in the hydrogen production module, the circulation amount of circulating hydrogen in the hydrogenation reactor, the input flow rate of oil and wax, the input flow rate of hydrogen, the temperature, pressure, and feed flow rate in the rectifying column in the hydrogenation refining module.

4. The flexible production system of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The micro-reactor is provided with a serpentine, fishbone, and / or Tesla one-way valve-shaped microchannel. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is coated on the inner wall of the microchannel or is arranged in the microchannel by being loaded on a honeycomb-shaped carrier or a spherical powder carrier with a nano-micro porous structure.

5. The flexible production system of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process execution device further comprises an intermediate product storage module. The intermediate product storage module comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank, a synthesis gas storage tank, an oil and wax storage tank, and a hydrogen storage tank. The carbon dioxide storage tank is arranged between the air carbon capture module and the co-electrolysis module, and is used for storing carbon dioxide; The synthetic gas storage tank is arranged between the co-electrolysis module and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, and is used for storing synthetic gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; The oil and wax storage tank is arranged between the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module and the hydrogenation refining module, and is used for storing oil and wax; The hydrogen storage tank is arranged between the hydrogen production module and the hydrogenation refining module, and is used for storing hydrogen; The decision control module also controls the liquid level of the tank body of the intermediate product storage module and the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves.

6. The flexible production system of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that, Further comprising an energy storage device connected to the green power supply module, for storing green electric energy, and the energy storage form of the energy storage device is battery energy storage, compressed air energy storage and / or hydrogen energy storage.

7. A flexible method of producing sustainable aviation fuel, characterized in that, The method is applied to the flexible preparation system of the sustainable aviation fuel as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following steps: Collecting weather history data of the green power location; Predicting future power supply of the green power based on the weather history data and future weather forecast data of the green power location; Collecting temperature, pressure, liquid level, raw material input flow and / or product output flow of each process module in the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process; Adjusting the distribution of the green power in the five process modules of the air carbon capture module, the co-electrolysis module, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module, the hydrogen production module and the hydrogenation refining module in the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process according to the future power supply and the collected process data; Controlling the temperature, pressure and / or raw material input flow in each process module.

8. The flexible production method of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The prediction of the future power supply of the green power based on the weather history data and future weather forecast data of the green power location specifically comprises: Identifying the time series pattern and fluctuation characteristics of the historical green power generation output through an AI model; Combining meteorological information and seasonal regularity to predict the future power supply of the green power, and obtaining a generation capacity prediction curve for each time period in a day.

9. The flexible production method of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that, Further comprising: Adjusting the actual operation load of each process module by controlling the number of devices turned on in each process module within the safe load range of each process module according to the future power supply.

10. The flexible production method of sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the sustainable aviation fuel preparation process, the operation load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is 2 times the operation load of the hydrogenation refining module; The minimum load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module is 40% load, and the minimum load of the hydrogenation refining module is 80% load, and the output of the minimum load of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis module matches the amount of raw materials required by the minimum load of the hydrogenation refining module.

Images