Self-adaptive discharging spiral sorting device based on routing inspection and self-unblocking

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal slime separation, in particular to a self-adaptive discharging spiral separation device based on routing inspection and self-blockage clearing. The routing inspection self-unblocking mechanism shows outstanding advantages, through cooperative operation of the visual identification camera and the proximity switch, the clogging position on the spiral disc can be automatically and accurately identified, a traditional manual routing inspection mode is thoroughly replaced, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, and the labor cost input is remarkably reduced. In the unblocking link, the mechanism can automatically and accurately flush the materials, compared with manual flushing, the water consumption can be effectively saved, the unblocking time can be shortened, and therefore the production efficiency is practically improved. According to the first scheme, an integrated lifting structure is adopted, the laying and mounting cost is low, and the device is suitable for small and medium-sized spiral disc arrays or scenes with limited budget; and according to the second scheme, the spray head penetrates into the spiral disc, so that the precision of spray flushing is higher, and the device is particularly suitable for a large spiral disc unit or a high-viscosity material sorting scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal slime separation technology, specifically an adaptive discharge spiral separator based on self-cleaning and inspection. Background Technology

[0002] As a core piece of equipment in coarse coal slime separation, the spiral separator utilizes a combined force field, including gravity, centrifugal force, hydrodynamic pressure, and friction, to separate minerals of different densities. Its feed primarily originates from the underflow of a hydrocyclone. After separation, light and heavy products are collected at the bottom through different chutes, achieving effective separation. These are then further separated into different material collection tanks by baffles at the bottom of the compass. Due to its advantages of requiring no power, reliable operation, and low operating costs, the spiral separator is of significant value in coal preparation plant processes. It not only reduces the load on the coal slime water system but also decreases electricity consumption, thereby lowering operating costs. However, after long-term production practice, the spiral separator still faces the following problems in production, limiting the improvement of quality and efficiency in coal preparation plants.

[0003] 1. Low level of automation, delayed product distribution, and large fluctuations in quality.

[0004] Existing spiral separators lack a power source and a stand-alone control module. While they exhibit reliable operation and low operating costs when coal quality is stable, their separation efficiency fluctuates significantly with changes in feed flow rate and concentration. To maintain product stability, real-time adjustments to the spiral separator are necessary, specifically regulating the relative opening of the deflectors. However, current deflector adjustments rely too heavily on manual labor, resulting in frequent and inefficient operations. Furthermore, the deflector opening adjustments are often delayed and inaccurate, directly impacting product quality and economic benefits.

[0005] 2. Spiral chutes are prone to material accumulation and clogging, which greatly affects the sorting effect.

[0006] Because the feed to the spiral separator comes from the underflow of a hydrocyclone with a high concentration, improper material handling in the preceding processes can lead to material aggregation and blockage. The uncertainty in the location and amount of accumulation significantly affects the separation flow field, thus causing overall blockage.

[0007] 3. The linkage mechanism between the adjustment of the deflector plate and the properties of the feed material is unclear, resulting in large fluctuations in the ash content of the product.

[0008] Long-term practice has shown that changes in the ash content of the feed material, even with the relative positions of the deflectors remaining unchanged, directly affect the ash content of the finished product. Based on economic considerations and customer needs, the ash content of the product must be maintained within a specific range, and adjusting the relative positions of the deflectors can directly influence ash distribution. Therefore, intelligent upgrading of spiral separators, achieving intelligent unblocking and intelligent material discharge, is a necessary measure to improve product quality and economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To avoid and overcome the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning and inspection. This invention is successful.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] An adaptive discharge spiral separator based on self-cleaning inspection includes a spiral separator, which is equipped with a self-cleaning inspection mechanism that can inspect and clear blockages in the spiral disc, and an adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism that can adjust the baffles to change the relative width of each flow channel.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism includes an adjuster fixing bracket, on which a track transmission rod and an electric rotary adjuster are fixedly mounted. A transmission rack is slidably arranged parallel to the track transmission rod. A transmission gear is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft of the electric rotary adjuster, and the transmission gear and the transmission rack mesh with each other to drive the transmission rack to slide. A hinge rod is fixedly mounted on the plate at the spool of the spiral disk. A guide groove is provided on the body of the hinge rod. A drive block is slidably arranged in the guide groove at one end of the transmission rack to form a crank-slider mechanism to drive the plate to swing.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism includes an adjuster fixing bracket, on which an electric rotary adjuster is fixedly installed. A horizontal transmission rod is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft of the electric rotary adjuster. The other end of the horizontal transmission rod is coaxially fixed to the input shaft of the right-angle turner. A vertical transmission rod is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the right-angle turner. The vertical transmission rod is fixed to the distribution plate that is rotatably installed at the flow divider of the screw disc, and the vertical transmission rod and the rotation shaft of the distribution plate are arranged coaxially.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a U-shaped groove is formed at the end of the vertical transmission rod, and the plate body of the plate is clamped in the groove.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: the self-cleaning mechanism includes a vertically arranged screw, on which a slider is threadedly connected to form a screw-nut mechanism; a visual recognition camera and a proximity switch are installed on the slider; a vertically arranged positioning rod is installed on the side of the screw, and multiple sensing blocks that can cooperate with the proximity switch to limit the lifting height of the slider are installed on the positioning rod, and the sensing blocks are arranged sequentially along the length of the positioning rod; a cleaning unit is also arranged at the visual recognition camera to flush and unclog the corresponding position of the screw disc according to the recognition situation.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention: an arc-shaped inspection track is installed on the slider, which is arranged around the outside of the screw disk. The inclination angle of the plane on which the arc-shaped inspection track is located is the same as the helix angle of the screw disk. Multiple visual recognition cameras are arranged sequentially on the arc-shaped inspection track.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the cleaning unit includes an arc-shaped diverting spray rod fixed on the slider and connected to the water source, the inclination angle of the plane on which the arc-shaped diverting spray rod is located is the helix angle of the screw disk; multiple fan-shaped nozzles are connected and installed on the arc-shaped diverting spray rod, and each fan-shaped nozzle points to the groove of the screw disk along the rotation direction of the screw disk at the corresponding position.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: the cleaning unit includes multiple arc-shaped diversion spray rods connected to a water source, each arc-shaped diversion spray rod being arranged sequentially along the vertical direction, and the inclination angle of the plane where each arc-shaped diversion spray rod is located is the helix angle of the spiral disc; each arc-shaped diversion spray rod is connected to and installed with multiple fan-shaped nozzles, and each fan-shaped nozzle points to the chute of the spiral disc along the rotation direction of the spiral disc at the corresponding position.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention: the cleaning unit also includes a main water pipe connected to the water source, and each arc-shaped diversion spray bar is connected to the main water pipe through a branch pipe.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention: each fan-shaped nozzle is connected to the arc-shaped diversion spray pipe through a stainless steel threaded branch pipe.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The self-cleaning and unblocking mechanism of this invention exhibits significant advantages. Through the coordinated operation of a visual recognition camera and a proximity switch, it can automatically and accurately identify the location of blockages on the screw disc, completely replacing the traditional manual inspection method. This not only significantly reduces the labor intensity of workers but also substantially reduces labor costs. In the unblocking process, the mechanism can achieve automatic and precise rinsing of materials. Compared with manual rinsing, it can effectively save water consumption and shorten the unblocking time, thereby significantly improving production efficiency. Option 1 adopts an integrated lifting structure, which has lower installation costs and is suitable for small and medium-sized screw disc arrays or scenarios with limited budgets. Option 2, by inserting the nozzle deep into the screw disc, achieves higher precision in spray rinsing, making it particularly suitable for large screw disc units or high-viscosity material sorting scenarios.

[0023] 2. The adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism possesses intelligent adjustment capabilities, flexibly adjusting the discharge port opening ratio according to the actual coal quality requirements and ash characteristics of the feed material. This process eliminates the need for manual operation, significantly reducing labor intensity and avoiding errors caused by manual adjustment, thus significantly improving adjustment accuracy and helping the spiral separator achieve its goal of improving quality and efficiency. Specifically, Option 1 uses a gear multi-link angle drive mechanism, which can output a large torque and effectively overcome the large resistance of the lever, making it suitable for high-load, high-flow sorting scenarios; Option 2 utilizes a right-angle angler transmission, allowing for a larger lever adjustment angle and lower installation space requirements, making it more suitable for working conditions with dense spiral disc layouts and narrow equipment spacing.

[0024] 3. The automatic filtration and sewage discharge device, as a crucial component, employs a Y-type filter design to effectively filter the feed circulating water, ensuring the cleanliness of the water used for cleaning and sorting. This prevents impurities from clogging the fan-shaped nozzles and sorting channels, guaranteeing the stable operation of the entire device. Furthermore, the filter cartridges can be cleaned and recycled periodically, reducing consumable replacement costs and enhancing the overall economic efficiency of the device. Working in conjunction with the self-cleaning mechanism and the adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism, it further improves the overall performance of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device using a patrol-type self-cleaning blockage structure in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cleaning unit in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the nozzle in the rotating cleaning unit of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device using an array-type self-cleaning and inspection structure in this invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the array-type cleaning unit in this invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the nozzle in the array-type cleaning unit of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive feeding adjustment mechanism using a gear-linkage mechanism in this invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the operational state structure of the adaptive material feeding adjustment mechanism using a gear-linkage mechanism in this invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive feeding adjustment mechanism using a right-angle rotation mechanism in this invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 10. Spiral separator; 11. Feed distribution device; 12. Spiral disc; 13. Plate; 20. Inspection and self-cleaning mechanism; 21. Visual recognition inspection unit; 211. Positioning rod; 212. Visual recognition camera; 213. Electric spiral lifting device; 213a. Drive motor; 213b. Screw; 213c. Slider; 213d. Proximity switch; 214. Visual recognition inspection camera group; 214a. Inspection drive module; 214b. Arc-shaped inspection track; 22. Cleaning unit; 221. Arc-shaped diversion spray. 221a. Rod; 221b. Arc-shaped pipe; 221c. Tee pipe; 221c. Threaded outlet branch pipe; 222. Fan-shaped nozzle; 222a. Stainless steel corrugated pipe; 223. Electric ball valve; 224. Fixed diverter rod; 30. Adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism; 31. Electric rotary adjuster; 32. Adjuster fixing bracket; 33. Transmission rack; 34. Transmission gear; 35. Track transmission rod; 351. Guide block; 36. Hinge rod; 361. Drive block; 37. Right-angle turner; 38. Horizontal transmission rod; 39. Vertical transmission rod; 40. Automatic filter and sewage discharge device. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please see Figures 1-9 In this embodiment of the invention, an adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection includes the following:

[0037] I. Overall Structural Composition

[0038] This device mainly consists of four parts: a spiral separator 10, a self-cleaning and clogging mechanism 20, an adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism 30, and an automatic filtration and sewage discharge device 40. Each part works together to achieve material sorting, automatic clogging removal, and discharge adjustment functions. The specific structure and connection relationship are as follows.

[0039] II. Spiral Separator

[0040] The spiral separator 10 is the core carrier for material sorting, and its structure includes:

[0041] Feed distribution device 11: Located above the screw disc 12, it adopts a "one feed port and multiple outlets" design, which can evenly distribute the material to be sorted into multiple screw discs 12 below.

[0042] Spiral disc 12: It adopts a matrix layout with multiple rows and columns. Its spiral surface forms a chute for material sorting. The material flows along the spiral surface under the action of gravity and centrifugal force and achieves classification (clean coal, middlings, gangue).

[0043] Plate 13: Two plates are provided, located at the outlet of the screw plate 12, to separate the clean coal flow channel, the middlings flow channel and the gangue flow channel. The swing angle of the plates can be adjusted by the adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism 30 to change the relative width of each flow channel.

[0044] III. Inspection of Self-Clearing Mechanisms

[0045] The self-cleaning mechanism 20 is used to detect the blockage of the screw disc 12 in real time and automatically clear it, including two implementation schemes:

[0046] (I) Option 1: Rotary inspection self-cleaning structure

[0047] Core components: Composed of a visual recognition inspection unit 21 and a patrol-type cleaning unit 22.

[0048] Visual recognition inspection unit 21:

[0049] Electric screw jack 213: includes a drive motor 213a, a screw 213b, a slider 213c, and a proximity switch 213d. The drive motor 213a is coaxially connected to the screw 213b. By driving the screw 213b to rotate, the screw 213c, which is threadedly connected, moves vertically up and down along the screw 213b (screw and nut mechanism).

[0050] Positioning rod 211: Vertically arranged beside screw 213b, with multiple sensing blocks 211a sequentially installed along the length of the rod. The number of sensing blocks is the same as the number of screw discs 12, and the spacing is the same as the spacing between screw discs 12. Proximity switch 213d is fixed on slider 213c and cooperates with sensing blocks 211a when the slider rises and falls, precisely limiting the stopping position of the slider at the corresponding height of each screw disc 12.

[0051] Visual recognition camera 212: Fixed on slider 213c, when it moves up and down with slider to each screw plate 12, it captures the material accumulation in the screw plate chute and identifies the blockage location.

[0052] Rotational cleaning unit 22:

[0053] The visual recognition camera 212 is distributed vertically and fixed on the slider 213c, including an arc-shaped diverting spray bar 221, a fan-shaped nozzle 222 and an electric ball valve 223.

[0054] The arc-shaped diverting spray rod 221 is composed of two arc-shaped pipes 221a connected by a three-way pipe 221b. It is semi-circular (arc > 270°), and the inclination angle of its plane is consistent with the helix angle of the screw disc 12 to ensure that it matches the screw disc chute.

[0055] Three fan-shaped nozzles 222 are connected to the arc-shaped diverting spray bar 221 via stainless steel corrugated pipes 222a. The nozzles point towards the chute along the spiral direction of the spiral. The included angle between adjacent nozzles is 120°. The spray angle can be adjusted by the curvature of the corrugated pipe to prevent material from splashing out of the chute during rinsing.

[0056] An electric ball valve 223 is installed at the water inlet end of the arc-shaped diverting spray bar 221. After receiving a visual recognition signal, it controls the water flow to achieve precise flushing and unblocking.

[0057] Working principle:

[0058] Regularly initiate inspection operations. Drive motor 213a drives slider 213c to rise and fall. Proximity switch 213d cooperates with sensor block 211a to keep slider at the height of each screw disc 12. After visual recognition camera 212 captures and identifies blockage, electric ball valve 223 opens, and circulating water is sprayed from fan-shaped nozzle 222 through arc-shaped diversion spray bar 221, swirling along the screw disc to flush the blockage. After completion, slider continues to rise and fall, and the operation is repeated for the next screw disc.

[0059] (II) Option 2: Array-type inspection self-cleaning structure

[0060] Core components: Composed of a visual recognition inspection camera group 214 and an array-type cleaning unit 22.

[0061] Visual recognition inspection camera team:

[0062] It includes an arc-shaped inspection track 214b, an inspection drive module 214a, and multiple visual recognition cameras 212. The arc-shaped inspection track 214b is fixed on the slider 213c, and its plane tilt angle is consistent with the helix angle of the screw disk 12. The inspection drive module 214a is nested on the track, driving the fixed cameras 212 to slide along the track, and performing multi-angle shooting of the entire chute range of a single screw disk 12. The inspection drive module 214a can adopt a conventional mechanism that can move along the track.

[0063] Array-type cleaning unit:

[0064] It includes multiple arc-shaped diverting spray bars 221 arranged sequentially along the vertical direction (matching the helix angle of the spiral disc 12), fixed diverting bars 224, and fan-shaped nozzles 222.

[0065] Each arc-shaped diversion spray bar 221 is connected to the main water pipe via a branch pipe, and an electric ball valve 223 is installed on the main water pipe to control the total water flow. Four fan-shaped nozzles 222 (evenly distributed at 90°) are arranged around each spiral disc 12, and are connected to the fixed diversion bar 224 via stainless steel corrugated pipes. The nozzles extend directly above the spiral disc for close-range flushing, and are positioned at locations prone to clogging (such as corners of chutes).

[0066] Working principle:

[0067] After the slider 213c is raised and lowered to the target screw height, the inspection drive module 214a drives the camera 212 to slide along the arc track for inspection; after identifying the blockage, the electric ball valve 223 at the corresponding position opens, and the fan-shaped nozzle 222 sprays high-pressure water to flush; visual recognition can also be omitted, and periodic clearing of blockage can be achieved by opening the electric ball valve 223 at regular intervals.

[0068] IV. Specific Structure and Working Principle of the Adaptive Discharge Adjustment Mechanism

[0069] The adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism 30 changes the flow channel width by driving the discharge plate 13 to swing, adapting to different coal quality separation requirements, including two implementation schemes:

[0070] (I) Option 1: Gear-connecting rod angle drive mechanism

[0071] Core components include: adjuster fixing bracket 32, track transmission rod 35, electric rotary adjuster 31, transmission gear 34, transmission rack 33, and hinge rod 36.

[0072] The regulator mounting bracket 32 ​​is fixed on the spiral separator 10, the track transmission rod 35 is fixed parallel to the bracket, and the transmission rack 33 is slidably connected to the track transmission rod 35 through the guide block 351.

[0073] The electric rotary adjuster 31 is fixed to the bracket by an annular flange, and its rotating shaft is coaxially connected to the transmission gear 34. The transmission gear 34 meshes with the transmission rack 33 to form a gear transmission mechanism.

[0074] One end of the hinge rod 36 is fixed to the plate 13, and the other end of the rod has a guide groove; the drive block 361 at the end of the transmission rack 33 is hinged and slidably embedded in the guide groove to form a crank-slider mechanism.

[0075] Working principle:

[0076] The electric rotary adjuster 31 drives the transmission gear 34 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission rack 33 to slide horizontally along the track transmission rod 35. The drive block 361 slides in the guide groove of the hinge rod 36, which pushes the hinge rod 36 to drive the plate 13 to swing around the turning point, thereby changing the relative width of the plate 13 and the adjacent flow channel, and realizing the proportional adjustment of the clean coal, middlings coal and gangue flow channels.

[0077] (II) Option 2: Right-angle rotation transmission mechanism

[0078] Core components include an electric rotary adjuster 31, an adjuster fixing bracket 32, a right-angle turner 37, a horizontal transmission rod 38, and a vertical transmission rod 39.

[0079] The electric rotary adjuster 31 is horizontally fixed on the bracket 32. Its rotating shaft is connected to one end of the horizontal transmission rod 38, and the other end of the horizontal transmission rod 38 is connected to the input shaft of the right-angle turner 37, so as to realize the horizontal to vertical transmission steering.

[0080] The output shaft of the right-angle turner 37 is connected to one end of the vertical transmission rod 39. The other end of the vertical transmission rod 39 is machined into a U-shaped groove. The groove clamps the vertical end of the plate 13 and is fixed by screw holes. The vertical transmission rod 39 is coaxial with the rotation shaft of the plate 13.

[0081] Working principle:

[0082] The electric rotary adjuster 31 drives the horizontal transmission rod 38 to rotate, which in turn drives the vertical transmission rod 39 to rotate via the right-angle turner 37. This, in turn, causes the plate 13 to swing around the rotating shaft, directly adjusting the width of the flow channel. The structure is more compact and the adjustment accuracy is higher.

[0083] V. Automatic Filtration and Sewage Discharge Device

[0084] A Y-type filter is used, installed at the outlet end of the electric ball valve 223 on the main water pipe, to filter impurities in the circulating water and prevent clogging of the fan-shaped nozzles 222. The filter element can be disassembled and cleaned periodically and reused, reducing maintenance costs.

[0085] VI. Overall Work Process

[0086] (I) Inspection and self-clearing operation

[0087] This operation can be performed using either Option 1 (rotational) or Option 2 (array) based on actual production needs. The specific process is as follows:

[0088] Option 1 (Rotational) Implementation Process

[0089] Start-up and positioning: The inspection is started according to a preset cycle (e.g., every 2 hours). The drive motor 213a starts, driving the screw 213b to rotate, causing the slider 213c to rise and fall vertically along the screw 213b. When the proximity switch 213d on the slider 213c senses the sensing block 211a on the positioning rod 211 corresponding to a certain screw disk 12, the drive motor 213a stops, and the slider 213c stops precisely at the height of that screw disk.

[0090] Visual recognition: The visual recognition camera 212 takes a 360° picture of the chute of the current screw disc and analyzes whether there is material accumulation through image recognition algorithms (such as deep learning models) (such as the criteria for judging blockage: the accumulation height exceeds 1 / 3 of the chute depth or the continuous accumulation length exceeds 5cm).

[0091] Unblocking execution: If a blockage is detected, the control cabinet PLC sends an opening signal to the electric ball valve 223. Circulating water flows through the main water pipe and the arc-shaped diversion spray bar 221, and is sprayed out by three fan-shaped nozzles 222 along the spiral direction of the spiral (water pressure can be set to 0.3-0.5MPa) for 10-15 seconds. If no blockage is detected, proceed directly to the next process.

[0092] Rotation operation: After a single screw disc 12 is processed, the drive motor 213a restarts, and the slider 213c continues to rise and fall to the corresponding height of the next screw disc 12. The above positioning, identification, and unblocking steps are repeated until all screw discs are inspected and the slider 213c returns to the initial position.

[0093] Option 2 (Array-based) Implementation Process

[0094] Start-up and positioning: The inspection is started according to the preset cycle (e.g., every 1.5 hours). The drive motor 213a drives the slider 213c to rise and fall. The proximity switch 213d cooperates with the sensing block 211a to make the slider 213c stop at the target screw height.

[0095] All-round inspection: The inspection drive module 214a drives the visual recognition camera 212 to slide along the arc-shaped inspection track 214b (sliding speed 5cm / s) to take pictures of the screw chute from multiple angles (one picture every 10° of sliding) and identify the location of blockage (such as the inner corner of the chute, the outlet).

[0096] Precise unblocking: If a blockage is detected, the PLC in the control cabinet controls the electric ball valve 223 at the corresponding position to open, and four fan-shaped nozzles 222 (located at a 90° angle around the screw plate) spray high-pressure water (0.4-0.6MPa) at close range to flush the blockage point for 8-12 seconds; if there are multiple blockages, multiple nozzles can be opened simultaneously.

[0097] Alternative mode: If visual recognition is not required, all electric ball valves 223 can be opened directly at a preset time (e.g., every 3 hours) to periodically flush the easily clogged parts of the screw plate 12 (e.g., the bottom of the chute, the diversion point), with each nozzle continuously flushing for 8 seconds.

[0098] Rotational operation: After a single screw disc 12 is processed, the slider 213c is raised or lowered to the height of the next screw disc, and the above process is repeated until all screw discs 12 are processed.

[0099] (II) Adaptive material feeding adjustment operation

[0100] Based on the feed ash content test data (e.g., if the feed ash content is >25%, the amount of gangue discharged needs to be increased) and the product coal quality requirements (e.g., the ash content of clean coal needs to be <10%), select any of the following schemes to adjust the flow channel:

[0101] Implementation process of Option 1 (Gear-Linkage Mechanism)

[0102] Parameter input: The operator inputs the target flow channel width ratio (e.g., clean coal: middlings: gangue = 3:2:1) in the control cabinet.

[0103] Transmission adjustment: When the electric rotary adjuster 31 is started, it drives the transmission gear 34 to rotate, which drives the meshing transmission rack 33 to slide along the track transmission rod 35 (e.g., sliding distance 0-10cm); the drive block 361 at the end of the transmission rack slides in the guide groove of the hinge rod 36, pushing the hinge rod to drive the plate 13 to swing (e.g., swing angle range 0-30°).

[0104] Position feedback: After the plate 13 swings to the target angle, the built-in encoder of the electric rotary adjuster 31 sends a position signal, the equipment stops adjusting, and the flow channel width is locked.

[0105] Implementation process of Option 2 (Right-angle rotation mechanism)

[0106] Parameter input: Same as Scheme 1 (gear-linkage mechanism), input the target flow channel width ratio.

[0107] Transmission adjustment: When the electric rotary adjuster 31 is started, it drives the horizontal transmission rod 38 to rotate. After the right-angle turner 37 changes the transmission direction, it drives the vertical transmission rod 39 to rotate (e.g., the rotation angle range is 0-45°), which in turn drives the plate 13 to swing synchronously.

[0108] Position feedback: The rotation angle of the vertical transmission rod 39 is monitored in real time by the encoder. After the target angle is reached, the electric rotary adjuster stops and the flow channel width is fixed.

[0109] (III) Circulating water filtration operation

[0110] Real-time filtration: When circulating water enters the system from the main water pipe, it first flows through the Y-type filter (automatic filtration and sewage discharge device 40). The filter element (made of stainless steel filter screen with a pore size of 50-100μm) traps particulate impurities (such as coal slag and stones) in the water. The filtered clean water enters the subsequent pipeline (supplying the cleaning unit and the sorting machine).

[0111] Regular maintenance: When the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the filter reaches 0.1MPa, the control cabinet will issue an alarm signal. The operator should close the inlet valve, disassemble the filter element for cleaning (backwash with high-pressure water), and reinstall it after cleaning to ensure the filtration effect.

[0112] Through the above process, fully automated operation is achieved from material sorting and blockage removal to discharge adjustment, effectively improving equipment stability and sorting efficiency.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning and inspection, characterized in that, The spiral separator (10) is equipped with a self-cleaning mechanism (20) that can inspect and clear blockages in the spiral disc (12). The spiral separator (10) is also equipped with an adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism (30) that can adjust the baffle (13) to change the relative width of each channel.

2. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning and inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism (30) includes an adjuster fixing bracket (32), on which a track transmission rod (35) and an electric rotary adjuster (31) are fixedly installed. A transmission rack (33) is arranged parallel to the track transmission rod (35). A transmission gear (34) is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft of the electric rotary adjuster (31), and the transmission gear (34) and the transmission rack (33) mesh with each other to drive the transmission rack (33) to slide. A hinge rod (36) is fixedly installed on the plate (13) at the flow branch of the screw disc (12). A guide groove is opened on the rod body of the hinge rod (36). A drive block (361) at one end of the transmission rack (33) is hinged and slidably arranged in the guide groove to form a crank-slider mechanism to drive the plate (13) to swing.

3. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive discharge adjustment mechanism (30) includes an adjuster fixing bracket (32), an electric rotary adjuster (31) is fixedly installed on the adjuster fixing bracket (32), a horizontal transmission rod (38) is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft of the electric rotary adjuster (31), the other end of the horizontal transmission rod (38) is coaxially fixed to the input shaft of the right angle turner (37), a vertical transmission rod (39) is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the right angle turner (37), the vertical transmission rod (39) is fixed to the distribution plate (13) that is rotatably installed at the flow branch of the screw disc (12), and the vertical transmission rod (39) and the rotation shaft of the distribution plate (13) are arranged coaxially.

4. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning and inspection as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the vertical transmission rod (39) has a U-shaped groove, and the plate body of the plate (13) is clamped in the groove.

5. An adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The self-cleaning mechanism (20) includes a vertically arranged screw (213b), on which a slider (213c) is threaded to form a screw-nut mechanism; a visual recognition camera (212) and a proximity switch (213d) are installed on the slider (213c); a vertically arranged positioning rod (211) is installed on the side of the screw (213b), and multiple sensing blocks that can cooperate with the proximity switch (213d) to limit the lifting height of the slider (213c) are installed on the positioning rod (211), and each sensing block is arranged sequentially along the length of the positioning rod (211); a cleaning unit (22) is also arranged at the visual recognition camera (212) to flush and unclog the corresponding position of the screw disc (12) according to the recognition situation.

6. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning and inspection as described in claim 5, characterized in that, An arc-shaped inspection track (214b) is installed on the slider (213c) and is arranged around the outside of the screw disk (12). The inclination angle of the plane on which the arc-shaped inspection track (214b) is located is the same as the helix angle of the screw disk (12). Multiple visual recognition cameras (212) are arranged sequentially on the arc-shaped inspection track (214b).

7. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cleaning unit (22) includes an arc-shaped diversion spray bar (221) fixed on the slider (213c) and connected to the water source. The inclination angle of the plane on which the arc-shaped diversion spray bar (221) is located is the helix angle of the screw disc (12). Multiple fan-shaped nozzles (222) are connected and installed on the arc-shaped diverting spray bar (221), and each fan-shaped nozzle (222) points to the groove of the screw disc (12) along the rotation direction of the screw disc (12) at the corresponding position.

8. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cleaning unit (22) includes multiple arc-shaped diversion spray rods (221) connected to the water source. Each arc-shaped diversion spray rod (221) is arranged sequentially along the vertical direction, and the inclination angle of the plane where each arc-shaped diversion spray rod (221) is located is the helix angle of the screw disc (12). Each arc-shaped diversion spray rod (221) is connected to multiple fan-shaped nozzles (222), and each fan-shaped nozzle (222) points to the chute of the screw disc (12) along the rotation direction of the screw disc (12) at the corresponding position.

9. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cleaning unit (22) also includes a main water pipe connected to the water source, and each arc-shaped diversion spray bar (221) is connected to the main water pipe through a branch pipe.

10. The adaptive discharge spiral sorting device based on self-cleaning during inspection according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each fan-shaped nozzle (222) is connected to the arc-shaped diverting spray bar (221) through a stainless steel threaded branch pipe.

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