High-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon material

Abstract

The invention provides high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing a porous carbon material, and relates to the technical field of carbonization equipment.The high-temperature carbonization equipment comprises a machine shell, a conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the machine shell, an exhaust gas collecting mechanism and a controller are arranged at the top of the machine shell, and two partition plates are fixedly installed in the machine shell; two partition plates are arranged in the machine shell and divide the machine shell into a preheating area, a high-temperature activation area and a quenching area, an air blowing preheating mechanism, a heating mechanism and a refrigerating mechanism are arranged in the preheating area, the high-temperature activation area and the quenching area respectively, an isolation mechanism is arranged on one side of one partition plate, and switching mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the machine shell respectively. By integrating the preheating zone, the high-temperature activation zone and the quenching zone and an anti-oxidation protection mechanism, the preparation efficiency and quality of the porous carbon material are remarkably improved; the detection mechanism is innovatively combined with the temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the jet gas in real time, so that the gas heating in the activation process reaches the standard, and the problem of insufficient activation is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbonization equipment technology, and in particular to a high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials. Background Technology

[0002] Porous carbon materials, as a core precursor for lithium-ion battery silicon-based anodes, are experiencing a surge in market demand driven by the explosive growth of the new energy vehicle and energy storage industries. Currently, mainstream carbonization equipment primarily uses intermittent rotary kilns, relying on high-temperature activation processes under inert gas (nitrogen, argon) protection (physical activation uses carbonization above 800℃ combined with carbon dioxide / steam activation; chemical activation uses activators such as KOH and KHCO3) to prepare biomass-based porous carbon. This type of equipment achieves continuous production of porous carbon through zoned temperature control (preheating, activation, and cooling), and utilizes an exhaust system to treat volatile byproducts. However, the stability of core performance indicators (such as specific surface area and tap density) is highly dependent on the precision of atmosphere control and the matching of pyrolysis process parameters (heating rate and holding time). The industry generally strives to improve product consistency through sealing technology and temperature control model optimization.

[0003] Patent document No. 202211652994.6 discloses a graphite coating and carbonization equipment for lithium battery electrode production, including a worktable. A graphite coating and carbonization device is disposed between the top of the worktable and the inner cavity, and the graphite coating and carbonization device consists of a stirring mechanism and a carbonization mechanism. This invention relates to the field of lithium battery production equipment technology. This graphite coating and carbonization equipment for lithium battery electrode production forms liquid graphite coating material by stirring with the stirring mechanism, then automatically transports the liquid graphite coating material to the carbonization mechanism, and then achieves drying and carbonization through the carbonization mechanism. Existing carbonization equipment lacks a targeted recovery mechanism for volatile gases generated during the activation process, and cannot effectively separate recoverable gases (such as acetylene and methane), resulting in resource waste and the risk of secondary pollution. Physical activation methods rely on high-temperature gases (CO2 / water vapor) to etch the carbon framework, but traditional tube furnaces have slow heating rates. When the gas temperature is below the activation threshold (e.g., 800°C), micropore formation is insufficient, limiting the specific surface area. Chemical activation methods (such as KOH) are prone to damaging heating elements due to the corrosiveness of the reagents, leading to localized overheating or uneven distribution of the activator, causing pore collapse. Traditional resistance wire heating meshes have a thermal efficiency of only 40%–50%, and cooling takes several hours, restricting continuous production. Therefore, we propose a high-temperature carbonization device for preparing porous carbon materials to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a high-temperature carbonization device for preparing porous carbon materials. This device achieves continuous production through zoned temperature control and dynamic isolation, ensures activation efficiency through closed-loop temperature control and gas reheating, optimizes pore uniformity through multi-directional preheating of air guides and vertical jetting, locks the structure with liquid nitrogen quenching and a sealed quenching zone, and improves environmental friendliness through spray neutralization and gas separation. This invention comprehensively solves the bottleneck problems of existing equipment in terms of efficiency, purity, uniformity and environmental protection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-temperature carbonization device for preparing porous carbon materials includes: a housing, a conveying mechanism at the bottom of the housing, an exhaust collection mechanism and a controller at the top of the housing, two partitions fixedly installed inside the housing, the two partitions dividing the housing into a preheating zone, a high-temperature activation zone and a rapid cooling zone, a blowing preheating mechanism, a heating mechanism and a cooling mechanism respectively arranged in the preheating zone, the high-temperature activation zone and the rapid cooling zone, an isolation mechanism arranged on one side of one partition, and a switching mechanism arranged on both sides of the housing.

[0006] Preferably, the heating mechanism includes: a conveying pipe, a conveying box, two detection mechanisms and a jet box. The conveying pipe is equipped with a first one-way valve. The two ends of the conveying pipe are respectively connected to a U-shaped air inlet pipe and a U-shaped air outlet pipe. The U-shaped air outlet pipe is equipped with two second one-way valves. The two ends of the U-shaped air outlet pipe are respectively connected to the top two sides of the conveying box. The detection mechanism includes a detection box, a temperature sensor, and two gates. A third one-way valve connects the detection box and the conveying box. The bottom of the detection box is connected to a corresponding jet box. Multiple jet nozzles are connected to the bottom of the jet box. A return pipe is connected to the top of the detection box. A fourth one-way valve is installed on the return pipe. The other end of the return pipe is connected to the conveying pipe.

[0007] Preferably, two piston plates are slidably installed inside the conveying box, and multiple sets of transmission mechanisms are arranged between the two piston plates. Multiple sets of dispersing mechanisms are arranged on the other side of the piston plates. Heating nets are arranged on both sides of the inside of the conveying box, and honeycomb SiC heating element arrays are arranged on the heating nets. The transmission mechanism includes: two crossbeams, two vertical rods, a mounting ring, an eccentric wheel, and two fixed plates. The fixed plates are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the conveying box. The two ends of the crossbeams are respectively fixedly connected to two piston plates. The crossbeams are slidably connected inside the fixed plates. The vertical rods are fixedly connected between the two crossbeams. Side plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the mounting ring. The two side plates are slidably sleeved on the outer side of the corresponding vertical rods. The eccentric wheel is rotatably installed inside the mounting ring. A rotary motor is fixedly installed on the front side of the conveyor box, and a horizontal shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor. The eccentric wheel is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the horizontal shaft. The pulverizing mechanism includes a rotating column, a fixed column, and a stirring blade. The rotating column is rotatably connected to one side of a corresponding piston plate. The stirring blade is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating column. One end of the rotating column has a circular groove, and the inner wall of the circular groove has a spiral groove. One end of the fixed column is inserted into the circular groove. Multiple spiral rods are fixedly installed on the outside of the fixed column, and the spiral rods are inserted into the spiral grooves. The other end of the fixed column is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveying box. A limit ring is fixedly installed on one side of the piston plate, and the limit ring movably abuts against the outside of the rotating column.

[0008] Preferably, the conveying mechanism includes: a conveying frame, a conveyor belt, a conveyor motor, and two conveyor rollers. The conveyor belt is driven and mounted on the two conveyor rollers. The two conveyor rollers are rotatably mounted inside the conveying frame. One of the conveyor rollers is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the conveyor motor. The conveyor motor is fixedly mounted on the front side of the conveying frame. The conveying frame is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the machine housing.

[0009] Preferably, the exhaust collection mechanism includes: a spraying mechanism, a collection box, a collection pipe, and an exhaust pipe. The bottom end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the preheating zone, and the top end of the exhaust pipe is located inside the collection box. A drain valve is connected to one side of the collection box. The spraying mechanism includes: a spraying water pump, a spraying pipe, and a spray box. The spray box is fixedly installed inside the collection box. Multiple spray nozzles are connected to the bottom of the spray box. The bottom end of the spraying pipe is connected to the spray box, and the other end of the spraying pipe is connected to the outlet of the spraying water pump. The spraying water pump is fixedly installed on the top of the collection box, and the collection pipe is connected to the top of the collection box.

[0010] Preferably, the air blowing preheating mechanism includes: an air blowing frame, a drive motor, and multiple air guide vanes. The air guide vanes are rotatably mounted on the inner bottom of the air blowing frame. The tops of the multiple air guide vanes are hinged to the same connecting plate. Two guide rails are fixedly mounted on the top of the connecting plate. A sliding frame is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide rails. A horizontal plate is fixedly mounted between the two sliding frames. A round hole is opened at the bottom of the horizontal plate. A drive shaft is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor. A fan blade is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft. A rotating arm is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the drive shaft. A connecting column is fixedly mounted at the other end of the rotating arm. The connecting column is movably inserted into the round hole. An installation beam is fixedly mounted on the top of the drive motor. The installation beam is fixedly mounted inside the air blowing frame. Multiple filter elements are fixedly mounted on the inner top of the air blowing frame. A U-shaped tube is connected to the top of the air blowing frame. The other end of the U-shaped tube is connected to the high-temperature activation zone. The air blowing frame is fixedly mounted in the preheating zone.

[0011] Preferably, the refrigeration mechanism includes: a refrigeration water pump, a refrigeration frame, and a liquid nitrogen inlet pipe. One end of the liquid nitrogen inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the refrigeration water pump, and the top of the refrigeration frame is connected to the refrigeration water pump. Both the refrigeration water pump and the refrigeration frame are fixedly installed in the rapid cooling zone.

[0012] Preferably, the isolation mechanism includes: an isolation plate, an electric push rod, and a connecting plate. The isolation plate is movably abutted against one side of one of the isolation plates. The connecting plate is fixedly installed on the top of the isolation plate. The top end of the connecting plate is fixedly installed on the output end of the electric push rod. The electric push rod is fixedly installed on the top of the housing. The top of the housing has a square hole, and the connecting plate is slidably installed in the square hole.

[0013] Preferably, the switching mechanism includes: a fixed frame, a servo motor, and a sealing plate. The sealing plate is slidably installed inside the fixed frame. A rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the fixed frame. A transmission gear is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. A rack is fixedly installed inside the sealing plate. The transmission gear and the rack mesh with each other. The servo motor is fixedly installed on the rear side of the fixed frame. The rear end of the rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor. The fixed frame is fixedly installed on the outer side of the housing.

[0014] Preferably, the top and bottom of the detection box are respectively provided with a first outlet and a second outlet. Gates located on the upper and lower sides abut against the first outlet and the second outlet respectively. A connecting frame is fixedly installed on the side of the two gates that are close to each other. A round shaft is rotatably installed inside the detection box. A rotating plate is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the round shaft. A cylinder is fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating plate. The cylinder is movably inserted into the corresponding connecting frame. The temperature sensor is fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box. A switching motor is fixedly installed on the front side of the detection box. The front end of the round shaft is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the switching motor. Two guide plates are fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box. The gate is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding guide plate.

[0015] Preferably, a gas concentration sensor is provided on the top inner side of the housing, and an exhaust pipe and an inert gas inlet pipe are connected to the front side of the housing.

[0016] (1) In this invention, the raw material is placed on the conveyor belt, and then the servo motor on the left side is started to drive the rotating shaft and transmission gear to rotate. Then, through the meshing with the corresponding rack, the sealing plate on the left side is driven to move upward. Then, the conveyor motor is started to drive the conveyor roller to rotate, and then the conveyor belt is driven to rotate clockwise to transport the raw material into the preheating zone inside the machine casing. Then, the servo motor on the left side is started to drive the sealing plate on the left side to move downward, thereby sealing the machine casing. Then, the gas inside the machine casing is extracted by connecting an external gas extraction device through the gas extraction pipe, and nitrogen and argon are introduced into the machine casing through the inert gas inlet pipe to achieve anti-oxidation protection for the raw material.

[0017] (2) This invention starts a heating grid, a rotary motor, and a drive motor, and introduces nitrogen and carbon dioxide into both ends of a U-shaped air inlet pipe, respectively. The heating grid heats the air in the delivery box. The rotary motor drives the horizontal shaft to rotate, and drives multiple eccentric wheels to rotate synchronously. The eccentric wheels, through cooperation with the mounting ring, side plate, vertical rod, and horizontal beam, drive two piston plates to move back and forth. The nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the delivery pipe are input into the detection box through the third and second one-way valves. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature. When the gas temperature is detected to be lower than the activation temperature, the controller controls the switching motor to drive the circular shaft and rotating plate to rotate, and through the cylinder and connecting frame... The controller moves two gates in coordination, causing the lower gate to close the second outlet and the upper gate to open the first outlet. The gas in the detection chamber is then introduced into the delivery pipe through the first outlet and the return pipe, and reheated by the heating pipe. When the temperature sensor detects that the gas temperature has reached the required activation temperature, the controller controls the switching motor to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the two gates to move in the opposite direction. This causes the upper gate to close the first outlet and the lower gate to open the second outlet, allowing the mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide to enter the jet box through the second outlet and then be ejected from the jet nozzle, thus ensuring that the jet gas temperature reaches the required level.

[0018] (3) In this invention, the drive motor drives the drive shaft, fan blades and rotating arm to rotate. The fan blades rotate to generate downward wind force, so that the gas in the high temperature activation zone enters the blowing frame through the U-shaped tube and is filtered by the filter element before being blown onto the raw material to achieve preheating. At the same time, the rotating arm drives the connecting column to perform circumferential motion. The connecting column, in cooperation with the horizontal plate, sliding frame, guide rail and connecting plate, drives multiple air guide vanes to rotate back and forth, thereby achieving different air outlet angles and achieving uniform preheating. The preheated raw material is transported to the bottom of the jet box by the conveyor belt. The high temperature nitrogen and carbon dioxide mixed gas sprayed through the jet nozzle makes the surface of the raw material form pores, thereby achieving activation.

[0019] (4) By starting the electric push rod, the isolation plate is driven to move upward, and the raw material is transported to the rapid cooling zone by the conveyor belt. Then, the electric push rod is started to reset the isolation plate, and the cooling water pump is started to introduce liquid nitrogen into the cooling frame through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipe and spray it onto the raw material to achieve rapid cooling of the raw material and lock the material pore structure. (5) The exhaust gas in the preheating zone is introduced into the collection box through the exhaust pipe. The NaOH solution is introduced into the spray box by starting the spray water pump and sprayed out from multiple spray nozzles to neutralize and adsorb the acidic gas in the exhaust gas, and collectable gases such as acetylene are discharged from the collection pipe to achieve collection.

[0020] In summary, this invention significantly improves the preparation efficiency and quality of porous carbon materials by integrating a preheating zone, a high-temperature activation zone, and a rapid cooling zone, along with an anti-oxidation protection mechanism. It innovatively uses a detection mechanism combined with a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the jet gas in real time, ensuring that the gas heating during the activation process meets the standards and avoiding insufficient activation. Simultaneously, the reciprocating rotation of the guide vanes achieves uniform preheating of the raw materials, improving the uniformity of pore formation, and the liquid nitrogen injection and isolation mechanism achieves rapid cooling of the raw materials, effectively locking the material's pore structure. Furthermore, the spray mechanism neutralizes acidic gases in the exhaust gas and collects recyclable gases, enhancing environmental friendliness and resource utilization. Finally, the automated control and precise adjustment of the entire system simplify the operation process and improve the overall reliability and continuity of production, offering advantages such as precise temperature control and uniform pore structure. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the housing proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the air blowing preheating mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the air blowing preheating mechanism proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the air blowing preheating mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switching mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heating mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heating mechanism proposed in this invention from another perspective; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the heating mechanism proposed in this invention. Figure 12 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the detection mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the detection mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 14 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the heating mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the dispersing mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the dispersing mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust gas collection mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0022] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of this application are as follows: 1. Housing; 101. Partition plate; 102. Preheating zone; 103. High-temperature activation zone; 104. Quenching zone; 2. Conveying mechanism; 201. Conveying frame; 202. Conveying motor; 203. Conveying roller; 204. Conveying belt; 3. Exhaust collection mechanism; 301. Collection box; 302. Exhaust pipe; 303. Spray water pump; 304. Spray pipe; 305. Spray box; 306. Spray nozzle; 307. Drain valve; 4. Air blowing preheating mechanism; 401. Air blowing frame; 402. U-shaped tube; 403. Filter element; 404. Mounting beam; 405. Drive 406. Drive motor; 407. Drive shaft; 408. Fan blade; 409. Air guide plate; 410. Connecting plate; 411. Guide rail; 412. Sliding frame; 413. Horizontal plate; 414. Connecting column; 415. Rotating arm; 5. Heating mechanism; 501. Conveying box; 502. Detection mechanism; 50201. Detection box; 50202. Guide plate; 50203. Gate; 50204. Connecting frame; 50205. Cylindrical column; 50206. Rotating plate; 50207. Round shaft; 50208. Switching motor; 50209. Temperature sensor; 503. Air jet box; 50301. Air jet. Nozzle; 504, Piston plate; 505, Transmission mechanism; 50501, Crossbeam; 50502, Fixing plate; 50503, Vertical rod; 50504, Side plate; 50505, Mounting ring; 50506, Eccentric wheel; 506, Dispersion mechanism; 50601, Rotating column; 50602, Stirring blade; 50603, Limiting ring; 50604, Fixing column; 50605, Spiral rod; 50606, Spiral groove; 507, Heating mesh; 508, Third check valve; 509, Return pipe; 510, Fourth check valve; 511, Conveying pipe; 512, U-shaped exhaust pipe; 51 3. Second check valve; 514. First check valve; 515. U-shaped inlet pipe; 516. Rotary motor; 517. Rotary motor; 6. Refrigeration mechanism; 601. Refrigeration frame; 602. Refrigeration water pump; 603. Liquid nitrogen inlet pipe; 7. Isolation mechanism; 701. Isolation plate; 702. Connecting plate; 703. Electric push rod; 8. Switching mechanism; 801. Fixing frame; 802. Sealing plate; 803. Rack; 804. Transmission gear; 805. Rotating shaft; 806. Servo motor; 9. Gas concentration sensor; 10. Controller; 11. Extraction pipe; 12. Inert gas inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] Example 1: As Figure 1-17 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-temperature carbonization device for preparing porous carbon materials, including: a housing 1, a conveying mechanism 2 at the bottom of the housing 1, a controller 10 at the top of the housing 1, and two partitions 101 fixedly installed inside the housing 1, which divide the housing 1 into a preheating zone 102, a high-temperature activation zone 103, and a rapid cooling zone 104. A blowing preheating mechanism 4, a heating mechanism 5, and a cooling mechanism 6 are respectively provided in the preheating zone 102, the high-temperature activation zone 103, and the rapid cooling zone 104. An isolation mechanism 7 is provided on one side of one of the partitions 101, and a switching mechanism 8 is provided on both sides of the housing 1.

[0027] In this embodiment, the heating mechanism 5 includes: a conveying pipe 511, a conveying box 501, two detection mechanisms 502 and a jet box 503. A first one-way valve 514 is provided on the conveying pipe 511. A U-shaped air inlet pipe 515 and a U-shaped air outlet pipe 512 are respectively connected to both ends of the conveying pipe 511. Two second one-way valves 513 are provided on the U-shaped air outlet pipe 512. Both ends of the U-shaped air outlet pipe 512 are respectively connected to the top sides of the conveying box 501. The detection mechanism 502 includes a detection box 50201, a temperature sensor 50209, and two gates 50203. A third one-way valve 508 is connected between the detection box 50201 and the conveying box 501. The bottom of the detection box 50201 is connected to the corresponding jet box 503. Multiple jet nozzles 50301 are connected to the bottom of the jet box 503. A return pipe 509 is connected to the top of the detection box 50201. A fourth one-way valve 510 is installed on the return pipe 509. The other end of the return pipe 509 is connected to the conveying pipe 511.

[0028] In this embodiment, two piston plates 504 are slidably installed inside the conveying box 501, and multiple sets of transmission mechanisms 505 are arranged between the two piston plates 504. Multiple sets of dispersing mechanisms 506 are arranged on the other side of the piston plates 504. Heating nets 507 are arranged on both sides of the inside of the conveying box 501, and honeycomb SiC heating element arrays are arranged on the heating nets 507. The transmission mechanism 505 includes: two crossbeams 50501, two vertical rods 50503, a mounting ring 50505, an eccentric wheel 50506, and two fixing plates 50502. The fixing plates 50502 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the conveyor box 501. The two ends of the crossbeams 50501 are respectively fixedly connected to two piston plates 504. The crossbeams 50501 are slidably connected in the fixing plates 50502. The vertical rods 50503 are fixedly connected between the two crossbeams 50501. Side plates 50504 are fixedly installed on both sides of the mounting ring 50505. The two side plates 50504 are slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding vertical rods 50503. The eccentric wheel 50506 is rotatably installed in the mounting ring 50505. A rotary motor 517 is fixedly installed on the front side of the conveyor box 501. A horizontal shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor 517, and an eccentric wheel 50506 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the horizontal shaft. The crushing mechanism includes a rotating column 50601, a fixed column 50604, and a stirring blade 50602. The rotating column 50601 is rotatably connected to one side of the corresponding piston plate 504. The stirring blade 50602 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating column 50601. One end of the rotating column 50601 has a circular groove, and the inner wall of the circular groove has a spiral groove 50606. One end of the fixed column 50604 is inserted into the circular groove. Multiple spiral rods 50605 are fixedly installed on the outside of the fixed column 50604. The spiral rods 50605 are inserted into the spiral grooves 50606. The other end of the fixed column 50604 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveying box 501. A limit ring 50603 is fixedly installed on one side of the piston plate 504. The limit ring 50603 movably abuts against the outside of the rotating column 50601.

[0029] In this embodiment, the conveying mechanism 2 includes: a conveying frame 201, a conveyor belt 204, a conveying motor 202, and two conveying rollers 203. The conveyor belt 204 is drivenly mounted on the two conveying rollers 203. The two conveying rollers 203 are rotatably mounted inside the conveying frame 201. One of the conveying rollers 203 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the conveying motor 202. The conveying motor 202 is fixedly mounted on the front side of the conveying frame 201. The conveying frame 201 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the housing 1. The 204 conveyor belt employs a multi-layer composite structure to ensure stable operation in high-temperature environments. Specifically, it consists of a high-temperature resistant layer, a transition layer, an organic heat insulation layer, a reinforcing layer, and a heat-resistant layer. The cover rubber uses styrene-butadiene rubber or neoprene rubber as the base material, with added carbonizing agents. This allows it to rapidly form a microporous carbonized layer upon contact with high-temperature materials. This carbonized layer serves a dual purpose: firstly, it blocks heat transfer to the belt's interior, protecting the internal structure; secondly, it accelerates heat dissipation through tiny cracks formed during operation, preventing heat accumulation and strength reduction. The reinforcing layer uses a high-modulus, low-shrinkage metal spiral mesh integral belt core, replacing traditional cotton or polyester canvas, solving the problems of high-temperature shrinkage, carbonization, and strength loss. It also imparts puncture resistance, tear resistance, and flame retardant properties to the 204 conveyor belt. Interlayer bonding is strengthened with adhesive, achieving a bonding strength ≥3 N / mm at high temperatures, and is further reinforced with a heat-resistant glass cloth interlayer to suppress delamination and blistering. The core advantages of this design are: the metal mesh skeleton ensures dimensional stability and mechanical strength at high temperatures; the microporous carbonized layer provides dynamic heat insulation and dissipation, preventing thermal degradation; and the reinforced interlayer bonding and glass cloth cushioning ensure structural integrity. This comprehensive approach enables the 204 conveyor belt to achieve long service life and safe, continuous operation in extreme high-temperature environments.

[0030] In this embodiment, the blower preheating mechanism 4 includes: a blower frame 401, a drive motor 405, and multiple air guide vanes 408. The air guide vanes 408 are rotatably mounted on the inner bottom of the blower frame 401. The tops of the multiple air guide vanes 408 are hinged to the same connecting plate 409. Two guide rails 410 are fixedly mounted on the top of the connecting plate 409. A sliding frame 411 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide rails 410. A horizontal plate 412 is fixedly mounted between the two sliding frames 411. A round hole is opened at the bottom of the horizontal plate 412. A drive shaft 406 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 405. A fan blade 407 is fixedly installed. A rotating arm 414 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the drive shaft 406. A connecting column 413 is fixedly installed at the other end of the rotating arm 414. The connecting column 413 is movably inserted into the round hole. A mounting beam 404 is fixedly installed on the top of the drive motor 405. The mounting beam 404 is fixedly installed inside the air blowing frame 401. Multiple filter elements 403 are fixedly installed on the top inner side of the air blowing frame 401. A U-shaped tube 402 is connected to the top of the air blowing frame 401. The other end of the U-shaped tube 402 is connected to the high-temperature activation zone 103. The air blowing frame 401 is fixedly installed inside the preheating zone 102.

[0031] In this embodiment, the refrigeration mechanism 6 includes: a refrigeration water pump 602, a refrigeration frame 601, and a liquid nitrogen inlet pipe 603. One end of the liquid nitrogen inlet pipe 603 is connected to the water inlet of the refrigeration water pump 602, and the top end of the refrigeration frame 601 is connected to the refrigeration water pump 602. Both the refrigeration water pump 602 and the refrigeration frame 601 are fixedly installed in the rapid cooling zone 104.

[0032] In this embodiment, the isolation mechanism 7 includes: an isolation plate 701, an electric push rod 703, and a connecting plate 702. The isolation plate 701 is movably abutted against one side of one of the partitions 101. The connecting plate 702 is fixedly installed on the top of the isolation plate 701. The top end of the connecting plate 702 is fixedly installed on the output end of the electric push rod 703. The electric push rod 703 is fixedly installed on the top of the housing 1. A square hole is opened on the top of the housing 1, and the connecting plate 702 is slidably installed in the square hole.

[0033] In this embodiment, the switching mechanism 8 includes: a fixed frame 801, a servo motor 806, and a sealing plate 802. The sealing plate 802 is slidably installed inside the fixed frame 801. A rotating shaft 805 is rotatably installed inside the fixed frame 801. A transmission gear 804 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 805. A rack 803 is fixedly installed inside the sealing plate 802. The transmission gear 804 and the rack 803 mesh with each other. The servo motor 806 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the fixed frame 801. The rear end of the rotating shaft 805 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor 806. The fixed frame 801 is fixedly installed on the outside of the housing 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, the top and bottom of the detection box 50201 are respectively provided with a first outlet and a second outlet. The gates 50203 located on the upper and lower sides abut against the first outlet and the second outlet respectively. A connecting frame 50204 is fixedly installed on the side of the two gates 50203 that are close to each other. A round shaft 50207 is rotatably installed inside the detection box 50201. A rotating plate 50206 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the round shaft 50207. A cylinder 50205 is fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating plate 50206. The cylinder 50205 is movably inserted into the corresponding connecting frame 50204. The temperature sensor 50209 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box 50201. The switching motor 50208 is fixedly installed on the front side of the detection box 50201. The front end of the cylindrical shaft 50207 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the switching motor 50208. Two guide plates 50202 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box 50201. The gate 50203 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding guide plate 50202.

[0035] In this embodiment, a gas concentration sensor 9 is provided on the top inner side of the housing 1, and an exhaust pipe 11 and an inert gas inlet pipe 12 are connected to the front side of the housing 1.

[0036] Example 2: Figure 18As shown, the components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to by the same reference numerals as those in Embodiment 1. For the sake of simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 will be described below. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is that: an exhaust collection mechanism 3 is provided on the top of the casing 1. The exhaust collection mechanism 3 includes: a spray mechanism, a collection box 301, a collection pipe and an exhaust pipe 302. The bottom end of the exhaust pipe 302 is connected to the preheating zone 102, and the top end of the exhaust pipe 302 is located inside the collection box 301. A drain valve 307 is connected to one side of the collection box 301. The spray mechanism includes: a spray water pump 303, a spray pipe 304 and a spray box 305. The spray box 305 is fixedly installed inside the collection box 301. Multiple spray nozzles 306 are connected to the bottom of the spray box 305. The bottom end of the spray pipe 304 is connected to the spray box 305, and the other end of the spray pipe 304 is connected to the outlet of the spray water pump 303. The spray water pump 303 is fixedly installed on the top of the collection box 301, and the collection pipe is connected to the top of the collection box 301.

[0037] Work steps Step 1: By placing the raw material on the conveyor belt 204, the servo motor 806 on the left side is started to drive the rotating shaft 805 and the transmission gear 804 to rotate. Then, through the meshing with the corresponding rack 803, the sealing plate 802 on the left side moves upward. Then, the conveyor motor 202 is started to drive the conveyor roller 203 to rotate, which in turn drives the conveyor belt 204 to rotate clockwise, conveying the raw material into the preheating zone 102 inside the housing 1. Then, the servo motor 806 on the left side is started to drive the sealing plate 802 on the left side to move downward, thereby sealing the housing 1. Then, the gas inside the housing 1 is extracted through the external extraction device connected to the extraction pipe 11, and nitrogen and argon are introduced into the housing 1 through the inert gas inlet pipe 12 to achieve anti-oxidation protection for the raw material. Step 2: By activating the heating grid 507, rotary motor 517, and drive motor 405, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are respectively introduced into both ends of the U-shaped air inlet pipe 515. The heating grid 507 heats the air in the delivery box 501. The rotary motor 517 drives the horizontal shaft to rotate, which in turn drives multiple eccentric wheels 50506 to rotate synchronously. The eccentric wheels 50506, through their cooperation with the mounting ring 50505, side plate 50504, vertical rod 50503, and crossbeam 50501, drive two piston plates 504 to move back and forth. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the delivery pipe 511 are then introduced into the detection box 50201 via the third one-way valve 508 and the second one-way valve 513. The temperature sensor 50209 monitors the temperature. When the gas temperature is detected to be lower than the required activation temperature, the controller 10 controls the switching motor 50208 to drive the circular shaft 50207 and the rotating plate 50206 to rotate. The cylinder 50205, in conjunction with the connecting frame 50204, moves the two gates 50203, causing the lower gate 50203 to close the second outlet and the upper gate 50203 to release the closure of the first outlet. The gas in the detection chamber 50201 is introduced into the delivery pipe 511 through the first outlet and the return pipe 509, and is reheated by the heating pipe. When the temperature sensor 50209 detects that the gas temperature has reached the activation temperature, the controller 10 controls the switching motor 50208 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the two gates 50203 to move in the opposite direction, causing the upper gate 50203 to close the first outlet and the lower gate 50203 to release the closure of the second outlet. This allows the mixed gas of nitrogen and carbon dioxide to enter the jet box 503 through the second outlet and then be ejected from the jet nozzle 50301, thus ensuring that the temperature of the jet gas reaches the required level.

[0038] Step 3: The drive motor 405 drives the drive shaft 406, fan blades 407, and rotating arm 414 to rotate. The rotating fan blades 407 generate downward airflow, which causes the gas in the high-temperature activation zone 103 to enter the blowing frame 401 through the U-shaped tube 402. After being filtered by the filter element 403, the gas is blown onto the raw material to achieve preheating. At the same time, the rotating arm 414 drives the connecting column 413 to perform circular motion. The connecting column 413, in cooperation with the horizontal plate 412, sliding frame 411, guide rail 410, and connecting plate 409, drives multiple air guide vanes 408 to rotate back and forth, thereby achieving different air outlet angles and uniform preheating. The preheated raw material is conveyed to the bottom of the jet box 503 by the conveyor belt 204. The high-temperature nitrogen and carbon dioxide mixed gas sprayed through the jet nozzle 50301 causes pores to form on the surface of the raw material, achieving activation.

[0039] Step 4: By starting the electric push rod 703, the isolation plate 701 is moved upward, and the raw material is transported to the rapid cooling zone 104 by the conveyor belt 204. Then, the electric push rod 703 is started to reset the isolation plate 701, and the cooling water pump 602 is started to introduce liquid nitrogen into the cooling frame 601 through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipe 603 and spray it onto the raw material to achieve rapid cooling of the raw material and lock the pore structure of the material. Step 5: The exhaust gas in the preheating zone 102 is introduced into the collection box 301 through the exhaust pipe 302. The NaOH solution is introduced into the spray box 305 by starting the spray water pump 303 and sprayed out from multiple spray nozzles 306 to neutralize and adsorb the acidic gas in the exhaust gas, and collectable gases such as acetylene are discharged from the collection pipe to achieve collection.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature carbonization apparatus for preparing porous carbon materials, comprising a housing (1), wherein a conveying mechanism (2) is provided at the bottom of the housing (1), characterized in that, The top of the housing (1) is provided with an exhaust collection mechanism (3) and a controller (10). Two partitions (101) are fixedly installed inside the housing (1). The two partitions (101) divide the housing (1) into a preheating zone (102), a high-temperature activation zone (103), and a rapid cooling zone (104). The preheating zone (102), the high-temperature activation zone (103), and the rapid cooling zone (104) are respectively provided with a blower preheating mechanism (4), a heating mechanism (5), and a cooling mechanism (6). One side of one of the partitions (101) is provided with an isolation mechanism (7), and both sides of the housing (1) are provided with a switching mechanism (8).

2. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating mechanism (5) includes: a conveying pipe (511), a conveying box (501), two detection mechanisms (502) and a jet box (503). The conveying pipe (511) is provided with a first one-way valve (514). The two ends of the conveying pipe (511) are respectively connected to a U-shaped air inlet pipe (515) and a U-shaped air outlet pipe (512). The U-shaped air outlet pipe (512) is provided with two second one-way valves (513). The two ends of the U-shaped air outlet pipe (512) are respectively connected to the top two sides of the conveying box (501). The detection mechanism (502) includes a detection box (50201), a temperature sensor (50209), and two gates (50203). A third one-way valve (508) is connected between the detection box (50201) and the conveying box (501). The bottom of the detection box (50201) is connected to the corresponding jet box (503). The bottom of the jet box (503) is connected to multiple jet nozzles (50301). The top of the detection box (50201) is connected to a return pipe (509). A fourth one-way valve (510) is provided on the return pipe (509). The other end of the return pipe (509) is connected to the conveying pipe (511).

3. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two piston plates (504) are slidably installed inside the conveying box (501). Multiple sets of transmission mechanisms (505) are arranged between the two piston plates (504). Multiple sets of dispersing mechanisms (506) are arranged on the other side of the piston plates (504). Heating nets (507) are arranged on both sides of the inside of the conveying box (501). A honeycomb SiC heating element array is arranged on the heating nets (507). The transmission mechanism (505) includes: two crossbeams (50501), two vertical rods (50503), a mounting ring (50505), an eccentric wheel (50506), and two fixing plates (50502). The fixing plates (50502) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the conveying box (501). The two ends of the crossbeams (50501) are respectively fixedly connected to two piston plates (504). The crossbeams (50501) are slidably connected in the fixing plates (50502). The vertical rods (50503) are fixedly connected between the two crossbeams (50501). Side plates (50504) are fixedly installed on both sides of the mounting ring (50505). The two side plates (50504) are respectively slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding vertical rods (50503). The eccentric wheel (50506) is rotatably installed in the mounting ring (50505). A rotary motor (517) is fixedly installed on the front side of the conveyor box (501). A horizontal shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor (517), and the eccentric wheel (50506) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the horizontal shaft. The pulverizing mechanism includes a rotating column (50601), a fixed column (50604), and a stirring blade (50602). The rotating column (50601) is rotatably connected to one side of the corresponding piston plate (504). The stirring blade (50602) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating column (50601). One end of the rotating column (50601) has a circular groove, and the inner wall of the circular groove has a spiral groove (50606). One end of the fixed column (50604) has a spiral groove (50606). One end is inserted into the circular groove. Multiple spiral rods (50605) are fixedly installed on the outside of the fixed column (50604). The spiral rods (50605) are inserted into the spiral groove (50606). The other end of the fixed column (50604) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor box (501). A limit ring (50603) is fixedly installed on one side of the piston plate (504). The limit ring (50603) is movably abutted against the outside of the rotating column (50601).

4. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying mechanism (2) includes: a conveying frame (201), a conveyor belt (204), a conveying motor (202), and two conveying rollers (203). The conveyor belt (204) is driven and mounted on the two conveying rollers (203). The two conveying rollers (203) are rotatably mounted inside the conveying frame (201). One of the conveying rollers (203) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the conveying motor (202). The conveying motor (202) is fixedly mounted on the front side of the conveying frame (201). The conveying frame (201) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the housing (1).

5. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust collection mechanism (3) includes: a spray mechanism, a collection box (301), a collection pipe, and an exhaust pipe (302). The bottom end of the exhaust pipe (302) is connected to the preheating zone (102), and the top end of the exhaust pipe (302) is located inside the collection box (301). A drain valve (307) is connected to one side of the collection box (301). The spray mechanism includes: a spray water pump (303), a spray pipe (304), and a spray box (305). The spray box (305) is fixedly installed inside the collection box (301). The bottom of the spray box (305) is connected to multiple spray nozzles (306). The bottom end of the spray pipe (304) is connected to the spray box (305). The other end of the spray pipe (304) is connected to the outlet of the spray water pump (303). The spray water pump (303) is fixedly installed on the top of the collection box (301). The collection pipe is connected to the top of the collection box (301).

6. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air blowing preheating mechanism (4) includes: an air blowing frame (401), a drive motor (405), and multiple air guide vanes (408). The air guide vanes (408) are rotatably mounted on the inner bottom of the air blowing frame (401). The tops of the multiple air guide vanes (408) are hinged to the same connecting plate (409). Two guide rails (410) are fixedly mounted on the top of the connecting plate (409). A sliding frame (411) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the guide rails (410). A horizontal plate (412) is fixedly mounted between the two sliding frames (411). A round hole is opened at the bottom of the horizontal plate (412). A drive shaft (406) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (405). A drive shaft (406) is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft (406). The fan blade (407) has a rotating arm (414) fixedly installed at the bottom end of the drive shaft (406), and a connecting column (413) fixedly installed at the other end of the rotating arm (414). The connecting column (413) is movably inserted into the round hole. The top of the drive motor (405) has an installation beam (404) fixedly installed. The installation beam (404) is fixedly installed in the blower frame (401). Multiple filter elements (403) are fixedly installed on the top inner side of the blower frame (401). The top of the blower frame (401) is connected to a U-shaped tube (402). The other end of the U-shaped tube (402) is connected to the high-temperature activation zone (103). The blower frame (401) is fixedly installed in the preheating zone (102).

7. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigeration mechanism (6) includes: a refrigeration water pump (602), a refrigeration frame (601) and a liquid nitrogen inlet pipe (603). One end of the liquid nitrogen inlet pipe (603) is connected to the inlet of the refrigeration water pump (602), and the top end of the refrigeration frame (601) is connected to the refrigeration water pump (602). The refrigeration water pump (602) and the refrigeration frame (601) are both fixedly installed in the rapid cooling zone (104).

8. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation mechanism (7) includes: an isolation plate (701), an electric push rod (703), and a connecting plate (702). The isolation plate (701) is movably abutted against one side of one of the partitions (101). The connecting plate (702) is fixedly installed on the top of the isolation plate (701). The top end of the connecting plate (702) is fixedly installed on the output end of the electric push rod (703). The electric push rod (703) is fixedly installed on the top of the housing (1). A square hole is opened on the top of the housing (1). The connecting plate (702) is slidably installed in the square hole.

9. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching mechanism (8) includes: a fixed frame (801), a servo motor (806) and a sealing plate (802). The sealing plate (802) is slidably installed in the fixed frame (801). A rotating shaft (805) is rotatably installed in the fixed frame (801). A transmission gear (804) is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft (805). A rack (803) is fixedly installed in the sealing plate (802). The transmission gear (804) meshes with the rack (803). The servo motor (806) is fixedly installed on the rear side of the fixed frame (801). The rear end of the rotating shaft (805) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the servo motor (806). The fixed frame (801) is fixedly installed on the outside of the housing (1).

10. The high-temperature carbonization equipment for preparing porous carbon materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top and bottom of the detection box (50201) are respectively provided with a first outlet and a second outlet. Gates (50203) located on the upper and lower sides respectively abut against the first and second outlets. Connecting frames (50204) are fixedly installed on the sides of the two gates (50203) that are close to each other. A round shaft (50207) is rotatably installed inside the detection box (50201). A rotating plate (50206) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the round shaft (50207). Cylinders (50205) are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating plate (50206). 05) The temperature sensor (50209) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box (50201) and the switching motor (50208) is fixedly installed on the front side of the detection box (50201). The front end of the round shaft (50207) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the switching motor (50208). Two guide plates (50202) are fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box (50201). The gate (50203) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding guide plate (50202). A gas concentration sensor (9) is provided on the top inner side of the housing (1), and an exhaust pipe (11) and an inert gas inlet pipe (12) are connected to the front side of the housing (1).

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