Photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device and degradation method

Abstract

The present application relates to sewage treatment technical field, disclose a kind of photocatalytic degradation sewage treatment device, comprising: primary treatment unit, it is regular triangular prism box structure, top is connected with water inlet end, inside is equipped with the filter layer arranged from top to bottom along the direction of water flow and can be independently disassembled;The filter layer includes: coarse filter screen, installation is in the top flow-through channel of primary treatment unit;Fine filter screen, located below the coarse filter screen;High-efficiency activated carbon layer, is equipped in the bottom of the primary treatment unit, the gradient purification structure of the device using primary, secondary, tertiary treatment unit, realizes the ordered degradation of sewage from pretreatment to advanced purification, primary treatment unit effectively removes suspended solids and macromolecular organic matter by multistage filtration, reduces subsequent processing load, secondary treatment unit carries out primary photocatalytic degradation, significantly reduces pollutant concentration, and tertiary treatment unit carries out advanced oxidation for refractory substances, to ensure that effluent quality is stable and up to standard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device and degradation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, wastewater discharge continues to increase, and water pollution problems are becoming increasingly serious. Wastewater treatment, as a crucial aspect of environmental protection, aims to remove organic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, and various toxic and harmful substances from water bodies to meet discharge standards or enable reuse. Traditional wastewater treatment methods mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. These methods are effective in treating conventional pollutants, but their removal capacity for emerging pollutants such as recalcitrant organic matter, antibiotics, and endocrine disruptors is limited, making it difficult to meet increasingly stringent discharge requirements.

[0003] In recent years, advanced oxidation technologies have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to generate highly oxidizing free radicals, effectively mineralizing organic pollutants. Among them, photocatalysis technology has become a research hotspot in the field of wastewater treatment due to its advantages such as mild reaction conditions, no secondary pollution, and the ability to be driven by light energy. Typical devices usually use stationary photocatalytic reactors, where a semiconductor catalyst is irradiated with ultraviolet or visible light to generate reactive oxygen species that degrade pollutants. Some improved devices also combine auxiliary methods such as ozone oxidation and hydrogen peroxide dosing to improve treatment efficiency.

[0004] However, existing wastewater treatment equipment still has significant shortcomings. Firstly, most devices employ a single treatment process or a simple series structure, lacking a systematic, graded design for pollutant degradation processes. The treatment flow from influent to effluent is rather general, failing to implement gradient treatment based on the differences in pollutant degradability, leading to excessive load in the upstream stages or insufficient treatment in the downstream stages, thus limiting overall purification efficiency. Secondly, photocatalytic reactors generally suffer from low mass transfer efficiency and easy catalyst deactivation. Due to poor wastewater flow conditions, the contact between pollutants and the catalyst surface is insufficient, limiting the reaction rate; simultaneously, after prolonged operation, the catalyst surface is easily covered by organic matter or microorganisms, forming a passivation layer, leading to a gradual decrease in catalytic activity, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning or replacement, affecting the system's continuous operation capability. These problems restrict the widespread application of photocatalytic technology in practical wastewater treatment and urgently need to be addressed through structural innovation and process optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device, comprising:

[0007] The primary treatment unit has a regular triangular prism box structure, with the water inlet connected to the top. Inside, there are filter layers arranged from top to bottom along the water flow direction that can be independently installed and removed.

[0008] The filter layer includes:

[0009] A coarse filter screen is installed in the top flow channel of the primary treatment unit;

[0010] A fine filter screen is located below the coarse filter screen;

[0011] A high-efficiency activated carbon layer is disposed at the bottom of the primary treatment unit;

[0012] The coarse filter, fine filter, and high-efficiency activated carbon layer are each independently installed on adjacent sidewalls via quick-connect components provided on the sidewalls.

[0013] The secondary treatment unit, located downstream of the effluent outlet of the primary treatment unit, includes:

[0014] A water distributor is installed on top of the secondary treatment unit, and its inlet is connected to the outlet of the primary treatment unit through a first delivery pipe.

[0015] Multiple first photocatalytic components are arranged in parallel, and their inlets are connected to the outlet of the water distributor via a second delivery pipe.

[0016] A first water quality sensor is located downstream of the water outlet of the plurality of first photocatalytic components;

[0017] The tertiary treatment unit, located downstream of the effluent outlet of the secondary treatment unit, includes:

[0018] Multiple second photocatalytic components are arranged in series, and their inlets are connected to the outlet of the first photocatalytic component via a concentrator.

[0019] The second water quality sensor is located at the bottom outlet of the tertiary treatment unit.

[0020] The central controller is connected to the signals of the first water quality sensor and the second water quality sensor, and controls the operating parameters of the device according to the received sensor signals.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, the first photocatalytic component and the second photocatalytic component have the same structure and similar functions, and the first photocatalytic component includes:

[0022] The secondary processing box is hollow and spherical, made of light-transmitting material;

[0023] A hollow rotating ball is movably disposed inside the secondary processing box via a guide and limiting component, and the outer wall surface of the hollow rotating ball is slidably attached to the inner wall of the secondary processing box;

[0024] An ultraviolet light source is located inside the hollow rotating sphere;

[0025] A photocatalytic film is coated and installed on the outer wall surface of the hollow rotating sphere;

[0026] A magnetic coupling drive assembly is disposed on the outer wall of the secondary processing box and is used to drive the hollow rotating ball to rotate in a circular motion.

[0027] A spiral flow channel is formed on the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank and is attached to the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere. One end of the spiral flow channel is connected to the top inlet of the secondary treatment tank and the other end is connected to the bottom outlet.

[0028] According to the above technical solution, the guide and limiting component includes:

[0029] An annular guide rail is fixed to the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank, and its axis is perpendicular to the line connecting the inlet and outlet of the secondary treatment tank.

[0030] An annular guide groove is provided on the inner wall surface of the annular guide rail;

[0031] Multiple arc-shaped guide blocks are evenly distributed around the circumference of the hollow rotating sphere and are slidably installed in the annular guide groove.

[0032] According to the above technical solution, the magnetic coupling drive component includes:

[0033] The drive motor is fixed to the outer wall of the secondary processing box by a fixing bracket;

[0034] An external magnetic rotor is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor;

[0035] The inner magnetic rotor is embedded in the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere and is magnetically coupled to the outer magnetic rotor.

[0036] According to the above technical solution, the quick-connect component includes:

[0037] The inner plate is movably inserted into the slot on the corresponding side wall of the triangular prism box of the first-level processing unit, and a central flow port is provided through the middle position;

[0038] An external plate is fixedly installed on one side of the inner plate and is magnetically attached to a pre-set embedding groove on the side wall of the primary processing unit. Handle grooves are symmetrically provided on the outer wall.

[0039] The coarse filter, fine filter, and high-efficiency activated carbon layer are respectively fixedly installed in the central flow port of their respective inner plates, and the outer wall of the outer plate is flush with the outer wall of the primary treatment unit.

[0040] According to the above technical solution, the secondary processing box is composed of two semi-circular shells with the same structure joined together, and the joint is set in a wavy shape;

[0041] The semi-circular shells are fixedly connected by circumferentially distributed fastening bolts, and an insulating sealing gasket is provided inside the joint.

[0042] According to the above technical solution, the spiral flow channel is configured as a variable cross-section Archimedean spiral flow channel, the depth of its inlet section is greater than the depth of its outlet section, and the pitch decreases along the water flow direction.

[0043] The inner wall of the spiral flow channel is provided with micron-level turbulence enhancement texture.

[0044] According to the above technical solution, the outer wall of the secondary processing box is integrated with a transparent photovoltaic film for powering the ultraviolet lamp source;

[0045] The outer shell of the secondary processing box is integrated with a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, which is used to generate vibration to eliminate the biofilm attached to the surface of the photocatalytic membrane;

[0046] The inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere is provided with micro heat dissipation fins.

[0047] According to the above technical solution, the second photocatalytic component in the three-stage processing unit further includes an electrocatalytic component, which comprises:

[0048] An electrocatalytic electrode layer is integrated into the inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere;

[0049] An oxidant injection port is located upstream of the inlet of the tertiary treatment unit and is used to add oxidant to the wastewater flowing through the tertiary treatment unit.

[0050] A degradation method for a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device includes the following steps:

[0051] S1, Preprocessing stage:

[0052] Wastewater enters the primary treatment unit through the inlet, where it passes through a coarse filter to intercept large particles, a fine filter to retain micron-sized suspended solids, and then through a high-efficiency activated carbon layer to adsorb dissolved organic matter.

[0053] S2, Primary photocatalysis stage:

[0054] The pretreated wastewater is transported to the water distributor through the first conveying pipe and distributed to multiple parallel first photocatalytic components through the second conveying pipe. After the wastewater enters the spiral flow channel, it triggers the photocatalytic membrane to generate hydroxyl radicals under the irradiation of the ultraviolet light source. The hollow rotating sphere rotates under the drive of the magnetic coupling drive component, so that the wastewater and the photocatalytic membrane can fully contact each other.

[0055] S3, Water Quality Feedback and Adjustment Stage:

[0056] The first water quality sensor monitors the wastewater indicators after primary photocatalysis in real time and transmits the signals to the central controller. If the pollutant concentration does not reach the preset threshold, the system dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the first photocatalytic component, the intensity of ultraviolet light, or the number of parallel pathways opened.

[0057] S4, Advanced Oxidation Enhancement Stage:

[0058] After being treated by the secondary treatment unit, the wastewater enters the tertiary treatment unit. Persulfate or ozone oxidant is added to the wastewater through the oxidant injection interface. When the wastewater flows through the spiral channel of the second photocatalytic component, the ultraviolet light source activates the electrocatalytic electrode layer and works synergistically with the oxidant to generate sulfate free radicals or strong oxidizing active oxygen, thereby achieving deep mineralization of recalcitrant organic matter.

[0059] S5. Final Control and Emissions:

[0060] The second water quality sensor monitors the effluent indicators. If the indicators meet the standards, the effluent is discharged; otherwise, some of the wastewater is returned to the primary treatment unit or the dosage of oxidant is adjusted.

[0061] Specifically, the synergistic effect of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis in the aforementioned steps includes:

[0062] The rotation of the hollow rotating sphere generates turbulence on the surface of the electrocatalytic electrode layer, reducing concentration polarization. While the photocatalytic film is excited by ultraviolet light, a pulsed voltage is applied through the electrocatalytic electrode layer to promote the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and react with the oxidant to generate chain free radical groups.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0064] (1) This device adopts a gradient purification structure of primary, secondary and tertiary treatment units, realizing the orderly degradation of sewage from pretreatment to deep purification. The primary treatment unit effectively removes suspended solids and macromolecular organic matter through multi-stage filtration, reducing the load on subsequent treatment. The secondary treatment unit performs primary photocatalytic degradation, significantly reducing the concentration of pollutants. The tertiary treatment unit performs deep oxidation on recalcitrant substances, ensuring that the effluent water quality is stable and meets the standards.

[0065] (2) The first photocatalytic component and the second photocatalytic component are consistent in structure, which facilitates standardized production and maintenance. At the same time, they form a progressive relationship in function. The first photocatalytic component takes photocatalysis as the core and completes the primary treatment of large flow of sewage. The second photocatalytic component integrates electrocatalysis and oxidant activation functions on this basis to form a photoelectrochemical synergistic catalytic system, which significantly enhances the mineralization ability of stubborn organic matter and realizes a step-by-step improvement in treatment efficiency.

[0066] (3) The guide and limit components and the magnetic coupling drive components work together to ensure the stable rotation of the hollow rotating ball. The guide and limit structure effectively constrains the motion trajectory of the rotating body and prevents deviation and vibration. The magnetic coupling drive realizes non-contact power transmission and avoids the risk of dynamic seal leakage. The combination of the two enables the hollow rotating ball to run stably in the closed reaction chamber for a long time, providing a reliable fluid environment for photocatalytic reaction.

[0067] (4) The secondary treatment box adopts a structure of two semi-circular shells joined together. The seam is designed to be wavy and is equipped with an internal sealing gasket. This not only ensures the structural strength and sealing performance, but also makes it easy to open and maintain. This significantly improves the maintainability of the equipment, makes the inspection, cleaning and replacement of internal components more convenient, reduces downtime, and improves the continuity and reliability of system operation.

[0068] (5) The device integrates a transparent photovoltaic thin film, which can convert light energy into electrical energy to power the ultraviolet light source, achieve partial energy self-sufficiency, reduce dependence on external power, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer generates high-frequency vibration, which effectively removes biofilm and deposits on the surface of the photocatalytic film and maintains catalytic activity. The hollow rotating sphere is equipped with micro heat dissipation fins on its inner wall to enhance internal heat dissipation and prevent excessive temperature from affecting catalytic performance. The three work together to improve the system's self-sustaining ability and operational stability. Attached Figure Description

[0069] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0070] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 3 This is a third perspective view of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 4 This is a fourth perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 5 This is a first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 6 This is a second partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 7 This is a third partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 8 This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 9 This is a fifth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 10 This is a sixth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 11 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the seventh part of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 12 This is the eighth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0082] In the diagram: 100-Primary treatment unit, 101-Water inlet, 110-Coarse filter, 120-Fine filter, 130-High-efficiency activated carbon layer, 140-Quick-connect assembly, 141-Inner plate, 142-Outer plate, 143-Embedded slot, 144-Central flow port, 145-Handle slot, 200-Secondary treatment unit, 210-Water distributor, 220-First photocatalytic component, 221-Secondary treatment box, 222-Hollow rotating sphere, 223-Guide limiting assembly, 223a-Annular guide rail, 223b-Annular guide groove, 223c-Arc-shaped guide block, 224-Ultraviolet light source, 225-Light source Catalytic membrane, 226-magnetic coupling drive assembly, 226a-drive motor, 226b-outer magnetic rotor, 226c-inner magnetic rotor, 226d-fixed frame, 227-spiral flow channel, 228-fastening bolt, 229-isolation sealing gasket, 230-first water quality sensor, 240-first delivery pipe, 250-second delivery pipe, 260-transparent photovoltaic thin film, 270-piezoelectric ceramic transducer, 280-micro heat dissipation fins, 300-tertiary treatment unit, 310-second photocatalytic assembly, 311-electrocatalytic electrode layer, 312-oxidant injection interface, 320-second water quality sensor, 330-concentrator. Detailed Implementation

[0083] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] Please see Figure 1-12 The present invention provides a technical solution: a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device, comprising:

[0085] The primary treatment unit 100 has a regular triangular prism box structure, with the water inlet 101 connected to the top. Inside, there are filter layers arranged from top to bottom along the water flow direction and can be independently installed and removed.

[0086] The filter layer includes:

[0087] Coarse filter 110 is installed in the top flow channel of primary treatment unit 100;

[0088] Fine filter 120 is located below the coarse filter 110;

[0089] A high-efficiency activated carbon layer 130 is disposed at the bottom of the primary processing unit 100;

[0090] The coarse filter 110, fine filter 120 and high-efficiency activated carbon layer 130 are respectively independently installed on adjacent side walls via quick-connect components 140 provided on the side walls;

[0091] Secondary treatment unit 200, located downstream of the effluent outlet of primary treatment unit 100, includes:

[0092] A water distributor 210 is installed on the top of the secondary treatment unit 200, and its inlet is connected to the outlet of the primary treatment unit 100 through a first delivery pipe 240.

[0093] Multiple first photocatalytic components 220 arranged in parallel have their inlets connected to the outlet of the water distributor 210 via a second delivery pipe 250.

[0094] The first water quality sensor 230 is located downstream of the water outlet of the plurality of first photocatalytic components 220;

[0095] The tertiary treatment unit 300, located downstream of the effluent outlet of the secondary treatment unit 200, includes:

[0096] Multiple second photocatalytic components 310 arranged in series have their inlets connected to the outlet of the first photocatalytic component 220 via a concentrator 330.

[0097] The second water quality sensor 320 is installed at the bottom outlet of the tertiary treatment unit 300;

[0098] The central controller is connected to the first water quality sensor 230 and the second water quality sensor 320, and controls the operating parameters of the device according to the received sensor signals.

[0099] Specifically, the first photocatalytic component 220 and the second photocatalytic component 310 have the same structure and similar functions. The first photocatalytic component 220 includes:

[0100] The secondary processing box 221 is a hollow spherical shape made of light-transmitting material;

[0101] A hollow rotating ball 222 is movably disposed inside the secondary processing box 221 via a guide and limiting component 223, and the outer wall surface of the hollow rotating ball 222 slides against the inner wall of the secondary processing box 221.

[0102] An ultraviolet light source 224 is disposed inside the hollow rotating sphere 222;

[0103] A photocatalytic film 225 is coated and installed on the outer wall surface of the hollow rotating sphere 222;

[0104] A magnetic coupling drive assembly 226 is disposed on the outer wall of the secondary processing box 221 and is used to drive the hollow rotating ball 222 to rotate in a circular motion.

[0105] A spiral flow channel 227 is formed on the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank 221 and is attached to the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222. One end of the spiral flow channel 227 is connected to the top inlet of the secondary treatment tank 221, and the other end is connected to the bottom outlet.

[0106] The secondary treatment tank 221 is a hollow sphere made of translucent material. As the core container for the entire photocatalytic reaction, its translucency ensures that ultraviolet light can effectively penetrate the tank and irradiate the internal photocatalytic membrane, providing the necessary light source for the photocatalytic reaction. The spherical structure facilitates the formation of a uniform flow path for wastewater within the tank, reducing dead zones and improving reaction efficiency. The hollow rotating sphere 222 is movably positioned inside the secondary treatment tank 221 via a guide and limiting component 223. Its outer wall surface maintains a sliding fit with the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank 221, ensuring the stability of the hollow rotating sphere 222 during operation and preventing excessive gaps or shaking. This allows wastewater to flow evenly across the surface of the hollow rotating sphere 222. As the core reaction component, the hollow rotating sphere 222 houses an ultraviolet light source 224, which serves as the carrier for the ultraviolet light source 224. Its outer wall is coated with a photocatalytic membrane 225, such as a nano-scale catalyst (e.g., After being excited by ultraviolet light, electron-hole pairs are generated, which oxidize and decompose pollutants. The rotating motion ensures full contact between the wastewater and the photocatalytic membrane 225. During the rotation, the photocatalytic membrane 225 continuously renews its surface contact sites. Simultaneously, the rotation of the sphere causes the catalyst surface to periodically alternate between contact with wastewater and light, reducing the formation of a passivation layer. The ultraviolet light source 224 is located inside the hollow rotating sphere 222, providing the necessary ultraviolet light source for the photocatalytic reaction. When the wastewater flows in the spiral channel, ultraviolet light can penetrate the wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222 and irradiate the photocatalytic membrane 225 on the outer wall, exciting the photocatalytic membrane 225 to generate active substances such as hydroxyl radicals, thereby achieving the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in the wastewater. The coating position of the photocatalytic membrane ensures full contact with the wastewater, improving reaction efficiency. The ultraviolet light source 224 is located inside the hollow rotating sphere 222, avoiding potential pollution or maintenance difficulties caused by external light sources. The magnetic coupling drive component 226 is located on the outer wall of the secondary treatment tank 221, used to drive the hollow rotating sphere 222 to rotate in a circular motion. This component uses magnetic... The drive is achieved through force coupling, eliminating the need for a physical shaft to extend through the housing. This avoids the sealing problems of traditional rotating equipment, improving the reliability and service life of the equipment. At the same time, magnetic coupling drive ensures the smooth rotation of the hollow rotating sphere 222, allowing the wastewater to continuously and evenly contact the photocatalytic membrane, enhancing the reaction effect. The spiral flow channel 227 is located on the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank 221 and fits against the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222. One end is connected to the top inlet of the secondary treatment tank 221, and the other end is connected to the bottom outlet. This spiral structure design allows the wastewater to enter from the top and flow along the spiral path through the entire treatment tank, increasing the residence time of the wastewater in the reactor and prolonging the contact time with the photocatalytic membrane. The direction of the water flow from the top inlet to the bottom outlet matches the gravitational potential energy, reducing external power consumption. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the spiral flow channel and the rotating sphere forms a unique flow pattern. The gap between the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222 and the spiral flow channel forms shear turbulence, which destroys the pollutant boundary layer, improves mass transfer efficiency, and enhances the photocatalytic degradation effect, significantly improving the efficiency and stability of the photocatalytic reaction.

[0107] The first photocatalytic component 220 and the second photocatalytic component 310 have the same structure and similar functions. Their quantities are not limited and can be flexibly set according to requirements. The functional differences between the first photocatalytic component 220 and the second photocatalytic component 310 are as follows:

[0108] Different settings

[0109] The first photocatalytic component 220 is arranged in parallel. In the secondary treatment unit 200, multiple first photocatalytic components 220 are connected in parallel through a water distributor 210 and a second conveying pipe 250. Wastewater is evenly distributed to each component for treatment. This parallel arrangement enables the system to process a large amount of wastewater simultaneously, improving the overall treatment capacity and flexibly adapting to fluctuations in hydraulic load. When the flow rate increases, the number of parallel channels is increased to avoid overloading of a single component and maintain stable treatment efficiency. It also provides redundancy for the system. When one component fails, the other components can continue to work. The device has three second photocatalytic components 220, which are evenly distributed circumferentially. The second photocatalytic components 310 are arranged in series. In the tertiary treatment unit 300, multiple second photocatalytic components 310 are connected sequentially along the wastewater flow direction to form a series structure. Wastewater flows through each component sequentially to complete deep treatment. This series arrangement enables wastewater to undergo multi-stage treatment, improving the purification effect step by step. It is particularly suitable for deep mineralization of recalcitrant organic matter.

[0110] Different processing objects

[0111] The first photocatalytic component 220, as the core equipment of the primary photocatalytic stage, is mainly responsible for the initial degradation of pretreated wastewater. It uses ultraviolet light to irradiate the photocatalytic membrane to generate hydroxyl radicals, which oxidize the biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater, reduce the concentration of pollutants, and prepare for subsequent advanced treatment. Its core feature is high-throughput treatment capacity, which can quickly reduce the concentration of pollutants to an acceptable range. The second photocatalytic component 310, as the core equipment of the advanced oxidation enhancement stage, is mainly responsible for the deep mineralization of the pretreated wastewater. It not only has photocatalytic function, but also adds subsequent electrocatalytic components. Through the synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic electrode layer and oxidant, sulfate radicals or strong oxidizing reactive oxygen species are generated to thoroughly oxidize the remaining recalcitrant organic matter (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and persistent organic pollutants), and finally achieve water quality compliance for discharge. It is particularly suitable for treating recalcitrant organic matter.

[0112] The combination of the first photocatalytic component 220 and the second photocatalytic component 310 forms a phased and progressively enhanced wastewater treatment chain. Through the synergy of spatial layout and reaction mode, it achieves a dual breakthrough in pollutant degradation efficiency and deep treatment. Its specific functional effects are as follows:

[0113] Gradient purification

[0114] The combination of the first photocatalytic component 220 and the second photocatalytic component 310 realizes a gradient purification process of pretreatment, primary degradation and deep mineralization. The pretreated wastewater first undergoes primary photocatalytic degradation through the first photocatalytic component 220 connected in parallel, effectively removing most of the degradable organic matter. Then, the treated wastewater enters the second photocatalytic component 310 connected in series for deep oxidation treatment, achieving complete mineralization of recalcitrant organic matter, significantly improving the overall treatment efficiency and avoiding the limitations of a single treatment method.

[0115] The wastewater treatment system is stable and reliable.

[0116] The first photocatalytic module 220 is set in parallel to provide system redundancy. When one or more modules fail, the other modules can still work normally, ensuring the continuous operation of the system. Large flow of sewage is evenly distributed to multiple parallel first photocatalytic modules 220 by a distributor. The hydraulic load of a single channel is constant, avoiding insufficient photocatalytic reaction due to excessive flow rate. The second photocatalytic module 310 is set in series. The series layout forces each stream of water to flow through all the spheres in sequence. The synergistic effect of the spiral flow channel and the rotating catalytic membrane is repeatedly enhanced in each module, doubling the total residence time and ensuring the thoroughness of the reaction. After the two are combined, the system ensures both high sewage treatment capacity and stable sewage treatment quality.

[0117] Complete degradation of pollutants

[0118] The first photocatalytic component 220 is mainly used to degrade conventional organic pollutants, while the second photocatalytic component 310 is used to deeply treat recalcitrant organic pollutants. When the two are combined, the system can handle a wider range of pollutants, including conventional organic pollutants, recalcitrant organic pollutants, antibiotic residues, and persistent organic pollutants. The various types of free radicals (such as hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, and reactive oxygen species) generated by the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis can target different pollutants for targeted degradation, making the degradation of pollutants more thorough.

[0119] Specifically, the guide and limit component 223 includes:

[0120] An annular guide rail 223a is fixed to the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank 221, and its axis is perpendicular to the line connecting the inlet and outlet of the secondary treatment tank 221.

[0121] An annular guide groove 223b is provided on the inner wall surface of the annular guide rail 223a;

[0122] Multiple arc-shaped guide blocks 223c are evenly distributed around the outer wall of the hollow rotating ball 222 and are slidably installed in the annular guide groove 223b;

[0123] The guide and limit assembly 223, through the synergistic action of the annular guide rail 223a, the annular guide groove 223b, and the arc-shaped guide block 223c, achieves precise guidance and effective limitation of the hollow rotating ball. This assembly ensures that the hollow rotating ball 222 can rotate smoothly and continuously under the drive of the magnetic coupling drive assembly, while maintaining a sliding contact with the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank 221. This not only prevents the hollow rotating ball 222 from axial movement or radial displacement during operation, but also significantly reduces rotational resistance and improves the operating efficiency and stability of the system. In addition, the presence of the guide and limit assembly 223 keeps the gap between the hollow rotating ball 222 and the secondary treatment tank 221 uniform, which is conducive to the formation of a stable flow state of sewage in the spiral flow channel, enhances the mass transfer effect, and provides good fluid dynamic conditions for photocatalytic reaction.

[0124] Specifically, the magnetic coupling drive assembly 226 includes:

[0125] The drive motor 226a is fixed to the outer wall of the secondary processing box 221 by the fixing bracket 226d;

[0126] The external magnetic rotor 226b is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 226a;

[0127] The inner magnetic rotor 226c is embedded in the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222 and is magnetically coupled to the outer magnetic rotor 226b.

[0128] The magnetic coupling drive assembly 226 drives the hollow rotating ball 222 via a non-contact magnetic transmission method. The drive motor 226a, as the power source, is securely mounted on the outer wall of the secondary processing tank 221 via a mounting bracket 226d, ensuring stability during operation. The output shaft of the drive motor 226a extends towards the inner cavity of the secondary processing tank 221, providing a connection base for the installation of the external magnetic rotor 226b. The external magnetic rotor 226b is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 226a and rotates synchronously with it. Made of a high-energy-product permanent magnet material, the external magnetic rotor 226b generates a stable magnetic field in the surrounding space. When the drive motor 226a starts, the external magnetic rotor 226b rotates accordingly, and the resulting rotating magnetic field penetrates the wall of the secondary processing tank 221, forming a dynamic magnetic field in the external space. Because the external magnetic rotor 226b is located outside the tank and completely isolated from the internal fluid, the leakage risk associated with traditional mechanical seals is avoided, improving the sealing reliability and safety of the system. The speed of motor 226a is adjustable, allowing the rotation speed of the hollow rotating ball 222 to be adjusted according to actual processing needs, thereby optimizing reaction conditions and adapting to different water quality and flow rate requirements. The inner magnetic rotor 226c is embedded in the outer wall of the hollow rotating ball 222, forming a magnetic coupling relationship with the outer magnetic rotor 226b. The inner magnetic rotor 226b is also made of permanent magnet material, and its magnetic pole distribution matches that of the outer magnetic rotor 226b, ensuring that sufficient magnetic attraction and torque transmission capabilities can be generated between the two. The overall working principle of the magnetic coupling drive assembly 226 is based on the magnetic coupling effect, achieving power transmission through non-contact transmission of the magnetic field. This drive method eliminates the need to open a rotating shaft hole in the housing, fundamentally solving the dynamic sealing problem between the rotating parts and the fixed housing, effectively preventing sewage leakage and the entry of external pollutants. The magnetic coupling transmission has overload protection characteristics. When the hollow rotating ball 222 encounters excessive resistance, magnetic slippage may occur between the inner and outer magnetic rotors, preventing damage to the motor or transmission components due to overload and improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0129] Specifically, the quick-connect assembly 140 includes:

[0130] The inner plate 141 is movably inserted into the slot on the corresponding side wall of the triangular prism box of the primary processing unit 100, and a central flow port 144 is provided through the middle position.

[0131] An outer plate 142 is fixedly installed on one side of the inner plate 141 and is magnetically attracted to be installed in a pre-set embedding groove 143 on the side wall of the primary processing unit 100. A handle groove 145 is symmetrically provided on the outer wall.

[0132] The coarse filter 110, fine filter 120 and high-efficiency activated carbon layer 130 are respectively fixedly installed in the central flow port 144 of their respective inner insert plates 141, and the outer wall surface of the outer plate 142 is flush with the outer wall surface of the primary treatment unit 100.

[0133] The inner insert plate 141, as the core load-bearing component, is movably inserted into a slot in the side wall of the triangular prism box of the primary treatment unit 100, forming a detachable sliding connection. Its overall structure matches the geometry of the side wall of the box, ensuring a tight fit with the internal space of the box after installation, avoiding fluid short circuits or leaks. The inner insert plate 141 has a central flow port 144 in the middle, which provides a channel for sewage to pass through the filter media. The coarse filter screen 110, fine filter screen 120, or high-efficiency activated carbon layer 130 are respectively fixedly installed in the corresponding inner insert according to the treatment requirements. Within the central flow port 144 of plate 141, an independent functional module is formed. When a filter layer needs to be replaced or maintained, only the corresponding inner plate 141 needs to be removed without affecting the normal operation of other components. The coarse filter 110 is used to intercept large suspended particles, the fine filter 120 is used to remove smaller particulate impurities, and the high-efficiency activated carbon layer 130 is used to adsorb organic matter and odors. Each filter medium is integrated on an independent inner plate 141, forming a standardized functional unit. The filtration sequence and combination can be flexibly configured according to the actual water quality conditions. For example... For example, when there are many suspended solids in the influent, a coarse filter module can be installed first; when the concentration of organic matter is high, the number of high-efficiency activated carbon layers can be increased or an activated carbon module with a larger adsorption capacity can be replaced. The external plate 142 is fixedly connected to one side of the internal plate 141 and is located outside the primary treatment unit 100. It is installed in the pre-set embedding groove 143 on the side wall of the box by magnetic attraction. This magnetic fixing structure does not require bolts or clips or other mechanical fasteners, realizing quick installation and disassembly. When it is necessary to replace the filter module, the operator only needs to apply appropriate external force. By overcoming the magnetic attraction, the outer plate 142 and the inner insert plate 141 can be pulled out as a whole. During installation, the outer plate 142 is aligned with the embedding groove 143 and pushed in. The magnetic force will automatically and firmly attract and position it. The operation is simple and the repeatability and positioning accuracy are high. The outer wall of the outer plate 142 is symmetrically provided with handle grooves 145 to provide a point of force for manual operation. The symmetrical design of the handle grooves 145 makes the force even and facilitates two-hand operation. It ensures that the inner insert plate 141 moves smoothly along a straight line during disassembly and installation, and avoids jamming or damage to the plug-in structure due to uneven force.

[0134] Specifically, the secondary processing box 221 is composed of two semi-circular shells with identical structures joined together, and the joint is set in a wavy shape;

[0135] The semi-circular shells are fixedly connected by circumferentially distributed fastening bolts 228, and an isolation sealing gasket 229 is provided inside the joint.

[0136] The secondary treatment tank 221 is designed with two identical semi-circular shells joined together. This allows for easy opening of the tank during assembly or maintenance without requiring complete disassembly, significantly improving maintenance efficiency. The seam is designed with a wavy structure, which increases the contact area between the two semi-circular shells, effectively enhancing the overall rigidity and deformation resistance of the structural connection. When wastewater flows within the treatment tank and generates pressure fluctuations, the wavy structure better disperses stress, preventing stress concentration at the joint. Simultaneously, the wavy profile has a certain mechanical interlocking effect, allowing for stress reduction even when the bolts are not fully tightened. The two semi-circular shells are temporarily kept in their relative positions for easy installation and alignment. Circumferentially distributed fastening bolts 228 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the joint, ensuring that the two semi-circular shells receive balanced clamping force in all directions. This evenly distributed fastening method avoids seal failure due to insufficient local clamping and also prevents shell twisting or deformation caused by uneven force. An isolation sealing gasket 229 is installed inside the joint, located between the wavy mating surfaces of the two semi-circular shells. When the fastening bolts are tightened, the sealing gasket is compressed, tightly filling the tiny gaps between the wavy contours to form a continuous sealing barrier. This sealing structure effectively prevents sewage from leaking out of the tank and also prevents external air or impurities from entering the treatment chamber, ensuring the photocatalytic reaction proceeds stably in a closed environment. The isolation sealing gasket 229 also acts as a buffer and compensation. Since the secondary treatment tank 221 may experience temperature changes during operation, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of different materials may cause slight displacement of the mating surfaces. The elastic properties of the isolation sealing gasket 229 can absorb this deformation and maintain the sealing effect.

[0137] Specifically, the spiral channel 227 is configured as a variable cross-section Archimedean spiral channel, with the depth of its inlet section being greater than the depth of its outlet section, and the pitch decreasing along the direction of water flow.

[0138] The inner wall surface of the spiral channel 227 is provided with micron-level turbulence enhancement texture;

[0139] The spiral channel 227 adopts a variable cross-section Archimedean spiral channel design, with the inlet section being deeper than the outlet section. This variable cross-section design causes the channel's cross-sectional area to gradually decrease along the water flow direction. When wastewater enters the spiral channel from the inlet, the greater depth allows for a smooth flow, reducing inlet impact and eddy current losses. As the water flows forward, the depth gradually decreases, forming a convergent channel structure that promotes a gradual increase in water flow velocity. This acceleration effect helps enhance the relative motion between wastewater and the photocatalytic membrane surface, improving mass transfer efficiency and allowing pollutant molecules to contact active sites more frequently, thereby increasing the degradation rate. The pitch decreases along the water flow direction, meaning the number of spiral turns per unit length gradually increases, and the water flow rotation frequency increases accordingly. In the inlet region, the larger pitch allows the water flow to advance along a relatively loose spiral trajectory, achieving initial swirling guidance. As the water flows towards the outlet, the smaller pitch makes the rotation more compact, enhancing the centrifugal effect and radial mixing capacity. This progressively enhanced swirling effect helps to evenly distribute wastewater on the surface of the hollow rotating sphere, while promoting full agitation of the internal fluid, breaking the boundary layer, and reducing... The spiral channel exhibits low-concentration polarization. Micron-level turbulence-enhancing textures are incorporated into the inner wall of the spiral channel. These textures, with their micro-groove structures (such as fish scales and serrations), disrupt the laminar boundary layer, inducing microscale vortices in the water flow. This increases the probability of collisions between pollutant molecules and the photocatalytic film on the rotating sphere surface, improving mass transfer efficiency. Simultaneously, as the water flows through the gradually narrowing channel, some pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, achieving natural acceleration and reducing dependence on external power. The increasing rotational intensity and accelerated axial flow work together to provide wastewater with a longer effective reaction path and more thorough mixing within a limited space, improving reaction efficiency per unit volume. Furthermore, this spiral channel structure coordinates with the rotational motion of the hollow rotating sphere 222. When the hollow rotating sphere 222 rotates under the drive of the magnetic coupling component, the spiral channel on its surface generates relative motion with respect to the surrounding fluid, further enhancing shearing and stirring effects. The variable cross-section and variable pitch design allows this relative motion to generate differentiated hydrodynamics at different positions, forming a complex three-dimensional flow field that facilitates full contact and reaction between active free radicals and pollutant molecules.

[0140] Specifically, the outer wall of the secondary processing box 221 is integrated with a transparent photovoltaic film 260 for supplying power to the ultraviolet lamp source 224;

[0141] The outer shell of the secondary processing box 221 integrates a piezoelectric ceramic transducer 270, which is used to generate vibration to eliminate the biofilm attached to the surface of the photocatalytic membrane 225.

[0142] The inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222 is provided with micro heat dissipation fins 280;

[0143] The transparent photovoltaic film 260 integrated on the outer wall of the secondary processing box 221 is a functional coating that combines light transmittance and photoelectric conversion capabilities. Covering the outer surface of the secondary processing box 221, it can absorb visible light and some ultraviolet light from sunlight and convert them into electrical energy to power the internal ultraviolet lamp source 224. Due to its transparency, the film does not significantly obstruct light penetration through the box while generating electricity, which is beneficial for assisting photocatalytic reactions under specific design conditions. This energy harvesting method achieves partial energy self-sufficiency, reduces dependence on external power sources, and improves the system's energy utilization efficiency and operational sustainability. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 270 integrated in the outer shell of the secondary processing box 221 is an electrostrictive material device that can generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibrations after being energized. This transducer is uniformly distributed at specific locations on the outer shell of the box, and its vibration is transmitted through the box structure to the hollow rotating sphere 222 and the surface of the photocatalytic film 225 inside. When wastewater flows for extended periods during treatment, microorganisms or organic impurities may form a biofilm on the photocatalytic membrane surface, covering active sites and reducing catalytic efficiency. The vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 270 effectively disrupts the adhesion of these deposits, causing the biofilm to detach from the membrane surface and achieving in-situ self-cleaning. This vibration cleaning method eliminates the need for equipment disassembly or the use of chemical cleaning agents, reducing maintenance costs and preventing treatment interruptions due to downtime for cleaning, ensuring continuous and stable system operation. Simultaneously, the vibration also slightly disturbs the boundary layer fluid, further enhancing mass transfer. The inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222 is equipped with micro-heat dissipation fins 280, which are radially or arrayed to form a highly efficient internal heat dissipation structure. During operation, the ultraviolet light source 224 generates heat, and the photocatalytic reaction itself may also release reaction heat, causing the internal temperature of the hollow rotating sphere to rise. Excessive temperature may affect the stability and lifespan of the photocatalytic material, or even cause the material to deactivate. The micro heat dissipation fins 280 increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222, accelerating the conduction and diffusion of heat to the surrounding sewage. Since the hollow rotating sphere 222 is in a continuous rotating state, its interior and exterior sewage constantly exchange heat. The presence of the heat dissipation fins significantly improves the efficiency of this process. Heat is quickly transferred to the flowing sewage through the sphere wall and fin structure and carried away by the water flow, thereby maintaining the temperature of the photocatalytic membrane working area within a suitable range and ensuring the stable progress of the catalytic reaction.

[0144] Specifically, the second photocatalytic component 310 in the three-stage processing unit 300 further includes an electrocatalytic component, which comprises:

[0145] An electrocatalytic electrode layer 311 is integrated into the inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222;

[0146] Oxidant injection port 312 is located upstream of the inlet of the tertiary treatment unit 300 and is used to add oxidant to the wastewater flowing through the tertiary treatment unit 300.

[0147] The electrocatalytic electrode layer 311 is integrated into the inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere 222, forming a composite functional structure with the photocatalytic film on the outer wall. This electrode layer is made of a conductive material with high electrocatalytic activity and can participate in electrochemical reactions under an applied voltage. When the system is running, the electrocatalytic electrode layer acts as the working electrode. After being connected to the matching power supply system, it generates an electric field effect. When an electric potential is applied while irradiated with ultraviolet light, it can effectively promote the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes and inhibit their recombination, thereby improving the quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, the electrocatalytic electrode layer itself can also directly catalyze water molecules or dissolved oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, enhancing the oxidation capacity. Since the hollow rotating sphere 222 is in a continuous rotating state, a dynamic liquid film is formed on the surface of the electrocatalytic electrode layer, which is conducive to the reaction of reactants to the electrode. Surface transport and timely removal of reaction products prevent electrode passivation and maintain stable electrocatalytic performance. The oxidant injection interface 312 is located upstream of the inlet of the tertiary treatment unit 300, before the sewage enters the second photocatalytic component 310. This interface is used to quantitatively add specific oxidants, such as persulfate, ozone, or hydrogen peroxide, to the flowing sewage. The electrocatalytic process can not only directly activate the oxidant, but also generate activated species in situ through electrolysis, thereby improving the oxidant utilization efficiency. The electrocatalytic electrode layer 311 can convert persulfate into more reactive sulfate radicals, and ultraviolet light can further promote the activation process, forming a photoelectrochemical synergistic activation mechanism. This combined activation method has a higher reaction rate and a wider range of pollutant adaptability than single photocatalysis or the use of oxidants alone.

[0148] A degradation method for a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device includes the following steps:

[0149] S1, Preprocessing stage:

[0150] Wastewater enters the primary treatment unit 100 through the inlet 101, and passes through the coarse filter 110 to intercept large particulate impurities, the fine filter 120 to retain micron-sized suspended solids, and then through the high-efficiency activated carbon layer 130 to adsorb dissolved organic matter.

[0151] S2, Primary photocatalysis stage:

[0152] The pretreated wastewater is transported to the water distributor 210 through the first conveying pipe and distributed to multiple parallel first photocatalytic components 220 through the second conveying pipe. After the wastewater enters the spiral flow channel 227, it triggers the photocatalytic membrane 225 to generate hydroxyl radicals under the irradiation of the ultraviolet light source 224. The hollow rotating sphere 222 rotates under the drive of the magnetic coupling drive component 226, so that the wastewater and the photocatalytic membrane 225 are in full contact.

[0153] S3, Water Quality Feedback and Adjustment Stage:

[0154] The first water quality sensor 230 monitors the wastewater indicators after primary photocatalysis in real time and transmits the signals to the central controller. If the pollutant concentration does not reach the preset threshold, the system dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the first photocatalytic component, the intensity of ultraviolet light, or the number of parallel pathways opened.

[0155] S4, Advanced Oxidation Enhancement Stage:

[0156] After being treated by the secondary treatment unit 200, the wastewater enters the tertiary treatment unit 300. Persulfate or ozone oxidant is added to the wastewater through the oxidant injection interface 312. When the wastewater flows through the spiral flow channel 227 of the second photocatalytic component 310, the ultraviolet light source 224 activates the electrocatalytic electrode layer 311 and works synergistically with the oxidant to generate sulfate free radicals or strong oxidizing active oxygen, thereby achieving deep mineralization of recalcitrant organic matter.

[0157] S5. Final Control and Emissions:

[0158] The second water quality sensor 320 monitors the effluent indicators. If the indicators meet the standards, the effluent is discharged; otherwise, some of the wastewater is returned to the primary treatment unit 100 or the dosage of oxidant is adjusted.

[0159] Specifically, the synergistic effect of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis in step S4 includes:

[0160] The rotation of the hollow rotating sphere 222 generates turbulence on the surface of the electrocatalytic electrode layer 311, reducing concentration polarization. While the photocatalytic film 225 is excited by ultraviolet light, a pulse voltage is applied through the electrocatalytic electrode layer 311 to promote the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and react with the oxidant to generate chain free radical groups.

[0161] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0162] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device, characterized in that, include: The primary treatment unit (100) has a regular triangular prism box structure, with the water inlet (101) connected to the top. Inside, there is a filter layer that is arranged from top to bottom along the water flow direction and can be independently disassembled. The filter layer includes: A coarse filter (110) is installed in the top flow channel of the primary treatment unit (100); A fine filter screen (120) is located below the coarse filter screen (110); A high-efficiency activated carbon layer (130) is located at the bottom of the primary treatment unit (100); The coarse filter (110), fine filter (120) and high-efficiency activated carbon layer (130) are respectively installed independently on adjacent side walls via quick-connect components (140) provided on the side walls; The secondary treatment unit (200), located downstream of the effluent outlet of the primary treatment unit (100), includes: A water distributor (210) is installed on top of the secondary treatment unit (200), and its inlet is connected to the outlet of the primary treatment unit (100) through a first delivery pipe (240). Multiple first photocatalytic components (220) are arranged in parallel, and their inlets are connected to the outlet of the water distributor (210) through a second delivery pipe (250). The first water quality sensor (230) is located downstream of the outlet end of the plurality of first photocatalytic components (220); The tertiary treatment unit (300), located downstream of the effluent outlet of the secondary treatment unit (200), includes: Multiple second photocatalytic components (310) arranged in series have their inlets connected to the outlet of the first photocatalytic component (220) via a concentrator (330); The second water quality sensor (320) is located at the bottom outlet of the tertiary treatment unit (300); The central controller is connected to the first water quality sensor (230) and the second water quality sensor (320) and controls the operating parameters of the device according to the received sensor signals. The first photocatalytic component (220) and the second photocatalytic component (310) have the same structure and similar functions. The first photocatalytic component (220) includes: The secondary processing box (221) is a hollow sphere made of light-transmitting material; A hollow rotating ball (222) is movably disposed inside the secondary processing box (221) by a guide limiting component (223), and the outer wall surface of the hollow rotating ball (222) slides against the inner wall of the secondary processing box (221); An ultraviolet light source (224) is disposed inside the hollow rotating sphere (222); A photocatalytic film (225) is coated and installed on the outer wall surface of the hollow rotating sphere (222); A magnetic coupling drive assembly (226) is disposed on the outer wall of the secondary processing box (221) for driving the hollow rotating ball (222) to rotate in a circular motion; A spiral channel (227) is formed on the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank (221) and attached to the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere (222). One end of the spiral channel (227) is connected to the top inlet of the secondary treatment tank (221), and the other end is connected to the bottom outlet.

2. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide limiting component (223) includes: An annular guide rail (223a) is fixed to the inner wall of the secondary treatment tank (221), and its axis is perpendicular to the line connecting the inlet and outlet of the secondary treatment tank (221). An annular guide groove (223b) is provided on the inner wall surface of the annular guide rail (223a); Multiple arc-shaped guide blocks (223c) are evenly distributed around the outer wall of the hollow rotating ball (222) and are slidably installed in the annular guide groove (223b).

3. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetically coupled drive assembly (226) includes: The drive motor (226a) is fixed to the outer wall of the secondary processing box (221) by a fixing bracket (226d); An external magnetic rotor (226b) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (226a); The inner magnetic rotor (226c) is embedded in the outer wall of the hollow rotating sphere (222) and is magnetically coupled to the outer magnetic rotor (226b).

4. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The quick-connect assembly (140) includes: The inner plate (141) is movably inserted into the slot on the corresponding side wall of the triangular prism box of the first-level processing unit (100), and a central flow port (144) is provided through the middle position. The outer plate (142) is fixedly installed on one side of the inner plate (141) and is installed in the embedded groove (143) preset on the side wall of the first-level processing unit (100) by magnetic attraction. The outer wall is symmetrically provided with handle grooves (145). The coarse filter (110), fine filter (120) and high-efficiency activated carbon layer (130) are respectively fixedly installed in the central flow port (144) of their respective inner insert plate (141), and the outer wall surface of the outer plate (142) is flush with the outer wall surface of the primary treatment unit (100).

5. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The secondary processing box (221) is composed of two identical semi-circular shells joined together, with the seam designed to be wavy. The semi-circular shells are fixedly connected by circumferentially distributed fastening bolts (228), and an insulating sealing gasket (229) is provided inside the joint.

6. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spiral channel (227) is configured as a variable cross-section Archimedean spiral channel, with the depth of its inlet section being greater than the depth of its outlet section, and the pitch decreasing along the direction of water flow. The inner wall of the spiral channel (227) is provided with micron-level turbulence enhancement texture.

7. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall of the secondary processing box (221) is integrated with a transparent photovoltaic film (260) for supplying power to the ultraviolet lamp source (224); The outer shell of the secondary processing box (221) is integrated with a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (270) for generating vibration to eliminate the biofilm attached to the surface of the photocatalytic membrane (225); The inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere (222) is provided with micro heat dissipation fins (280).

8. The photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second photocatalytic component (310) in the three-stage processing unit (300) further includes an electrocatalytic component, which comprises: An electrocatalytic electrode layer (311) is integrated into the inner wall of the hollow rotating sphere (222); An oxidant injection port (312) is located upstream of the inlet of the tertiary treatment unit (300) and is used to add oxidant to the wastewater flowing through the tertiary treatment unit (300).

9. The degradation method of a photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Preprocessing stage: Wastewater enters the primary treatment unit (100) through the inlet (101), and passes through the coarse filter (110) to intercept large particulate impurities, the fine filter (120) to retain micron-sized suspended solids, and then passes through the high-efficiency activated carbon layer (130) to adsorb dissolved organic matter. S2, Primary photocatalysis stage: The pretreated wastewater is transported to the water distributor (210) through the first conveying pipe (240) and distributed to multiple parallel first photocatalytic components (220) through the second conveying pipe (250). After the wastewater enters the spiral flow channel (227), it triggers the photocatalytic membrane (225) to generate hydroxyl radicals under the irradiation of the ultraviolet light source (224). The hollow rotating sphere (222) rotates under the drive of the magnetic coupling drive component (226), so that the wastewater and the photocatalytic membrane (225) are in full contact. S3, Water Quality Feedback and Adjustment Stage: The first water quality sensor (230) monitors the wastewater indicators after primary photocatalysis in real time and transmits the signals to the central controller. If the pollutant concentration does not reach the preset threshold, the system dynamically adjusts the flow rate, ultraviolet light intensity, or number of parallel pathways opened in the first photocatalytic component. S4, Advanced Oxidation Enhancement Stage: After being treated by the secondary treatment unit (200), the wastewater enters the tertiary treatment unit (300). Persulfate or ozone oxidant is added to the wastewater through the oxidant injection interface (312). When the wastewater flows through the spiral channel (227) of the second photocatalytic component (310), the ultraviolet light source (224) activates the electrocatalytic electrode layer (311) and works synergistically with the oxidant to generate sulfate free radicals or strong oxidizing active oxygen, thereby achieving deep mineralization of recalcitrant organic matter. S5. Final Control and Emissions: The second water quality sensor (320) monitors the effluent indicators. If the indicators meet the standards, the effluent is discharged; otherwise, some of the wastewater is returned to the primary treatment unit (100) or the amount of oxidant added is adjusted. Specifically, the synergistic effect of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis in step S4 includes: The rotation of the hollow rotating sphere (222) causes turbulence on the surface of the electrocatalytic electrode layer (311), reducing concentration polarization. While the photocatalytic film (225) is excited by ultraviolet light, a pulse voltage is applied through the electrocatalytic electrode layer (311) to promote the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and react with the oxidant to generate chain free radical groups.

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