Existing building external wall heat insulation and photovoltaic integrated updating and transformation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building reconstruction, and discloses an existing building external wall thermal insulation and photovoltaic integrated updating and reconstruction method, which comprises the following steps: comprehensively detecting the original thermal insulation layer performance, the wall hollowing rate and the structural bearing capacity of a building external wall; removing the old thermal insulation layer, brushing an interface agent on the wall surface base layer, and installing a thermal insulation material on the wall surface base layer brushed with the interface agent; according to the orientation of the building, the illumination condition and the flatness of the wall surface of the outer wall of the building, photovoltaic modules are installed outside the heat preservation layer; photovoltaic system wiring is designed, cables are laid in the reserved wire ducts or wire pipes, and the wire ducts or wire pipes after the cables are laid are sealed; a photovoltaic system is connected to a building distribution box or a power grid, and a lightning protection grounding device is arranged. According to the invention, the problems of incomplete detection and evaluation, poor material adaptability, low photovoltaic installation efficiency, potential electrical safety hazards and the like in the prior art can be solved, and the safety, high efficiency and economical efficiency of a reconstruction project are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building renovation technology, and more specifically, to a method for the integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy crisis and rising environmental awareness, energy-saving retrofitting of existing buildings and the utilization of renewable energy have become important development directions in the construction industry. Many existing buildings require upgrades to their exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic integration to reduce energy consumption and achieve clean energy utilization. However, traditional retrofitting technologies have many shortcomings in areas such as testing and evaluation, material compatibility, and installation processes, necessitating systematic optimization.

[0003] Traditional methods for renovating existing building exteriors have significant drawbacks: the testing process lacks a comprehensive assessment of insulation layer performance, wall hollowness rate, and structural load-bearing capacity, resulting in insufficiently targeted renovation plans; the selection of insulation materials does not take into account the type of exterior wall and the structural load-bearing capacity, which can easily lead to safety hazards; the installation of photovoltaic modules ignores building orientation, lighting conditions, and wall flatness, affecting power generation efficiency; and the wiring and lightning protection grounding design are crude, posing electrical safety risks.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an integrated renovation method for the exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic system of existing buildings to solve problems such as incomplete testing and evaluation, poor material compatibility, low photovoltaic installation efficiency, and electrical safety hazards in existing technologies, so as to improve the safety, efficiency, and economy of the renovation project. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for the integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaics, which aims to solve the problems of incomplete testing and evaluation, poor material compatibility, low photovoltaic installation efficiency and electrical safety hazards in the existing technology, and to improve the safety, efficiency and economy of the renovation project.

[0006] This invention proposes a method for the integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems, comprising:

[0007] A comprehensive test is conducted on the performance of the original insulation layer of the building's exterior walls, the wall hollow rate, and the structural load-bearing capacity. Based on the test results and the type of exterior walls, the retention of the original insulation layer and the selection of insulation materials are determined.

[0008] Remove the old insulation layer, apply an interface agent to the wall base, install the insulation material on the wall base after applying the interface agent, and use anchor bolts for auxiliary fixation;

[0009] Photovoltaic modules are installed outside the insulation layer, taking into account the building's orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior walls.

[0010] Design the wiring for the photovoltaic system, lay the cables in the reserved cable trays or conduits, and seal the cable trays or conduits after the cables are laid.

[0011] Connect the photovoltaic system to the building distribution box or power grid, install a lightning protection grounding device, and control the grounding resistance of the lightning protection grounding device to be within a preset resistance value.

[0012] Furthermore, the comprehensive testing of the original insulation layer performance, wall hollowness rate, and structural load-bearing capacity of the building's exterior walls, and the determination of the retention status of the original insulation layer and the selection of insulation materials based on the test results and the type of exterior wall, includes:

[0013] Obtain the original thermal resistance value △R, wall hollow rate △K, and structural bearing capacity △P; and compare them with the preset thermal resistance value threshold R1, hollow rate standard value K1, and bearing capacity value P1. Determine the retention status of the original thermal insulation layer based on the comparison results.

[0014] When △R < R1 or △K > K1 or △P < P1, it is determined that the original insulation layer needs to be removed.

[0015] When △R≥R1, △K≤K1, and △P≥P1, it is determined that the original insulation layer can be retained.

[0016] Furthermore, the determination of the retention status of the original insulation layer and the selection of insulation materials based on the test results and the type of exterior wall include:

[0017] The types of exterior walls include clay brick walls and concrete walls;

[0018] The original thermal resistance value ΔR, structural bearing capacity ΔP, exterior wall type, and preset thermal resistance value threshold R1 and structural bearing capacity threshold P1 of the insulation layer are compared, and the insulation material is selected based on the comparison results.

[0019] When the exterior wall type is clay brick wall, if △P≥1.2P1, then a first-level insulation material is selected; if △P<1.2P1, then a second-level insulation material is selected, wherein the density of the first-level material is higher than that of the second-level insulation material.

[0020] When the exterior wall is a concrete wall, if △R < 0.8R1, then a Class I insulation material is selected; if △R ≥ 0.8R1, then a Class II insulation material is selected, wherein the thickness of the Class I insulation material is greater than that of the Class II insulation material.

[0021] Furthermore, the removal of the old insulation layer and the application of an interface agent to the wall surface include:

[0022] The demolition method is selected based on the wall hollowness rate ΔK and the safe value of the hollowness rate: when the hollowness rate ΔK > the safe value of the hollowness rate, mechanical demolition is used; when the hollowness rate ΔK ≤ the safe value of the hollowness rate, manual demolition is used.

[0023] Repair the wall surface after removing the old insulation layer before applying the interface agent.

[0024] Furthermore, the safe value for the hollow rate is 30%.

[0025] Furthermore, the step of installing the insulation material on the wall substrate after applying the interface agent and fixing it with anchor bolts includes:

[0026] The insulation material is laid row by row from bottom to top, with adjacent insulation materials being spliced ​​together in a staggered manner;

[0027] The arrangement rules for the anchor bolts are as follows: the number of anchor bolts is adjusted according to the size of the insulation material and the preset size standard value, and the drilling state is adjusted according to the drilling depth of the anchor bolts and the preset drilling depth threshold.

[0028] When the size of the insulation material reaches the preset size standard value, the number of anchor bolts is increased; when the size of the insulation material does not reach the preset size standard value, the number of anchor bolts is reduced.

[0029] When installing anchor bolts, drilling should stop when the drilling depth reaches the drilling depth threshold; drilling should continue when the drilling depth does not reach the drilling depth threshold.

[0030] Furthermore, the installation of photovoltaic modules outside the insulation layer based on the building's orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior walls includes:

[0031] The type of photovoltaic module is determined based on the building's orientation and lighting conditions;

[0032] When the building faces south or southwest and the lighting conditions are at level one, crystalline silicon modules should be selected for photovoltaic modules.

[0033] If the building is not oriented south or southwest and the lighting conditions are level two, then thin-film photovoltaic modules should be selected.

[0034] The duration of illumination under the first-level illumination condition is greater than that under the second-level illumination condition, and the average daily solar radiation under the first-level illumination condition is greater than that under the second-level illumination condition.

[0035] Furthermore, the installation of photovoltaic modules outside the insulation layer based on the building's orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior walls also includes:

[0036] After determining the type of photovoltaic modules, the installation method of the photovoltaic modules is selected based on the flatness deviation of the building's exterior wall and the preset flatness deviation standard value.

[0037] When selecting crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, if the flatness deviation of the wall surface is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, the crystalline silicon modules are installed using a keel-type installation method; if the flatness deviation of the wall surface reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, the wall surface is first leveled before the crystalline silicon modules are installed using a keel-type installation method.

[0038] When selecting thin-film photovoltaic modules, if the flatness deviation of the wall surface is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, the thin-film modules are installed using adhesive bonding; if the flatness deviation of the wall surface reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, the wall surface is first leveled before the thin-film modules are installed using adhesive bonding.

[0039] Furthermore, the design of the photovoltaic system wiring involves laying cables in pre-reserved cable trays or conduits, and sealing the cable trays or conduits after cable laying, including:

[0040] Obtain data on the area of ​​the building's exterior walls where photovoltaic modules can be installed, the building's average daily electricity consumption, and annual electricity consumption; calculate the range of the number of photovoltaic modules based on the data.

[0041] The number of photovoltaic modules is determined based on the range of the number of photovoltaic modules, the size of the photovoltaic modules, and the installation spacing;

[0042] The method of laying the cable trays or conduits is determined based on the number of photovoltaic modules and a preset threshold for the number of photovoltaic modules.

[0043] Furthermore, the design of the photovoltaic system wiring, which involves laying cables in pre-reserved cable trays or conduits and sealing the cable trays or conduits after cable laying, also includes:

[0044] Before laying the cables, the route of the cable laying should be planned according to the connection method of the photovoltaic modules and the current flow direction.

[0045] After the cables are laid, the sealing structure of the cable trays or conduits is determined according to their location on the exterior wall of the building.

[0046] Furthermore, the step of connecting the photovoltaic system to the building distribution box or power grid, installing a lightning protection grounding device, and controlling the grounding resistance of the lightning protection grounding device to be within a preset resistance value includes:

[0047] The remaining capacity of the building distribution box is obtained. When the remaining capacity reaches a preset capacity value, the photovoltaic system is connected to the building distribution box; when the remaining capacity does not reach the preset capacity value, the photovoltaic system is connected to the power grid.

[0048] The average annual number of thunderstorm days in the area where the building is located is obtained. When the average annual number of thunderstorm days reaches the preset number of thunderstorm days, a primary lightning protection grounding device is used. When the average annual number of thunderstorm days does not reach the preset number of thunderstorm days, a secondary lightning protection grounding device is used. The number of primary lightning protection grounding devices is greater than the number of secondary lightning protection grounding devices, and the grounding electrode length of the primary lightning protection grounding device is greater than the grounding electrode length of the secondary lightning protection grounding device.

[0049] The grounding resistance value is monitored in real time. When the grounding resistance value exceeds the preset resistance value, the grounding electrode is processed until the grounding resistance value is less than the preset resistance value. When the grounding resistance value is within the preset resistance value, the lightning protection grounding device is set up.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0051] By systematically testing the performance of the original insulation layer, the wall hollow rate, and the structural load-bearing capacity, the blindness of relying on experience in traditional renovations is avoided, providing a scientific basis for subsequent renovation plans and ensuring that renovation needs are accurately matched with the condition of the base layer.

[0052] By determining the retention status of the original insulation layer based on the test results and the type of exterior wall, unnecessary demolition waste can be avoided; the process of removing the old insulation layer, applying the interface agent, and installing the insulation material can be standardized to improve the bonding reliability between the insulation system and the base layer and reduce the risk of hollowing and falling off.

[0053] By combining building orientation, lighting conditions, and wall flatness to select photovoltaic module types and installation methods, the power generation efficiency and installation stability of the modules can be optimized, avoiding low power generation efficiency or installation hazards caused by environmental factors.

[0054] By pre-setting cable trays or conduits for wiring and sealing, the cable laying of photovoltaic systems can be standardized, reducing the risk of short circuits caused by rainwater and dust intrusion; lightning protection grounding devices can be installed and grounding resistance controlled to improve the system's resistance to lightning strikes and ensure electrical safety. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0056] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method for upgrading and renovating existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic integration provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0058] See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this invention proposes a method for the integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems, including the following steps:

[0059] Step S100: Conduct a comprehensive test on the performance of the original insulation layer, the wall hollow rate, and the structural load-bearing capacity of the building's exterior walls, and determine the retention status of the original insulation layer and select insulation materials based on the test results and the type of exterior walls.

[0060] Step S200: Remove the old insulation layer, apply an interface agent to the wall base, install the insulation material on the wall base after applying the interface agent, and use anchor bolts for fixation;

[0061] Step S300: Install photovoltaic modules outside the insulation layer according to the building orientation, lighting conditions and the flatness of the building's exterior wall surface;

[0062] Step S400: Design the photovoltaic system wiring, lay the cables in the reserved cable trays or conduits, and seal the cable trays or conduits after laying the cables.

[0063] Step S500: Connect the photovoltaic system to the building distribution box or power grid, install a lightning protection grounding device, and control the grounding resistance of the lightning protection grounding device to be within a preset resistance value.

[0064] Specifically, the actual thickness of the original insulation layer of the building's exterior wall is measured using a steel ruler or ultrasonic thickness gauge; the thermal conductivity meter is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the original insulation layer and evaluate its insulation performance; and a pull-out tester is used to test the adhesion of the original insulation layer and determine its adhesion performance.

[0065] Specifically, an ultrasonic flaw detector is used to move and inspect the surface of the building's exterior wall. When the ultrasonic waves emitted by the flaw detector encounter hollow areas, they will produce reflected waves. By analyzing the characteristics of the reflected waves, the location and range of the hollow areas can be determined, and the hollow rate of the building's exterior wall can be calculated.

[0066] Specifically, the compressive strength performance of the building's exterior walls is tested using a rebound hammer or ultrasonic rebound combined method. Combined with the wall's dimensions and structural information, the load-bearing capacity of the wall is calculated using structural mechanics formulas.

[0067] Understandably, a comprehensive inspection of the original condition of the building's exterior walls is necessary to provide data support for subsequent renovations; appropriate insulation materials and renovation methods should be selected based on the inspection results and the type of exterior walls to ensure insulation effectiveness and structural safety; photovoltaic modules and wiring should be installed properly and sealed to ensure the efficient operation and electrical safety of the photovoltaic system; and lightning protection grounding devices should be installed to avoid the risk of lightning strikes.

[0068] It can be seen that by conducting a comprehensive inspection of the building's exterior walls and determining the renovation plan based on the results and the type of exterior walls, and then completing the entire process of insulation, photovoltaic installation and electrical system treatment, the renovation process is scientific and orderly, taking into account the improvement of insulation performance, efficient use of photovoltaics and electrical safety, and avoiding the waste of resources and safety hazards caused by blind renovation.

[0069] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the performance of the original thermal insulation layer of the building exterior wall, the wall hollow rate, and the structural load-bearing capacity are comprehensively tested, and the retention status of the original thermal insulation layer and the selection of thermal insulation materials are determined based on the test results and the exterior wall type. This includes: obtaining the thermal resistance value ΔR of the original thermal insulation layer, the wall hollow rate ΔK, and the structural load-bearing capacity ΔP; and comparing them with preset thermal resistance value threshold R1, hollow rate standard value K1, and load-bearing capacity value P1, and determining the retention status of the original thermal insulation layer based on the comparison results.

[0070] Specifically, an infrared thermal imager is used to detect the thermal resistance value △R of the original insulation layer of the building's exterior wall, and a hollow hammer is used to tap and detect the hollow rate △K of the building's exterior wall. The structural bearing capacity △P of the building's exterior wall is evaluated through a mechanical calculation model. When △R<R1 or △K>K1 or △P<P1, it is determined that the original insulation layer needs to be removed and the base layer needs to be reinforced. When △R≥R1 and △K≤K1 and △P≥P1, it is determined that the original insulation layer can be retained and surface treatment can be performed.

[0071] It is understandable that the preset thermal resistance threshold R1 of the insulation layer is the minimum thermal resistance performance index that the building's external wall insulation layer must meet. It is used to measure the thermal insulation effect of the insulation layer. The larger the original thermal resistance value ΔR, the better the original insulation performance. The smaller the original thermal resistance value ΔR, the worse the original insulation performance.

[0072] The preset standard value K1 for the hollow area ratio is the upper limit of the allowable area ratio of the exterior wall. It is used to assess the construction quality and safety of the wall base. The higher the hollow area ratio △K, the greater the risk of wall detachment and cracking.

[0073] The preset load-bearing capacity value P1 is the minimum load-bearing capacity standard that the building's exterior wall structure must meet. It is used to determine whether the wall structure can withstand subsequent modifications or existing loads. The lower the structural load-bearing capacity △P, the higher the safety risk of the building's exterior wall structure.

[0074] Understandably, △R < R1 indicates that the original insulation layer has insufficient heat insulation effect and its heat insulation performance does not meet the standards; △K > K1 indicates that there are large areas of hollow areas in the wall base, which may cause the insulation layer to crack and fall off, posing a safety hazard; △P < P1 indicates that the wall's load-bearing capacity is insufficient. When any of the above conditions are met, the original insulation layer must be removed and the base layer must be reinforced, such as repairing hollow areas and enhancing the wall's load-bearing capacity. Otherwise, subsequent construction may fail or cause safety accidents.

[0075] Understandably, △R≥R1 indicates that the original insulation layer's thermal resistance meets energy-saving design requirements and its insulation performance is up to standard; △K≤K1 indicates that the wall base construction quality meets standards, the area of ​​hollow areas is within a safe range, and will not threaten the stability of the insulation layer; △P≥P1 indicates that the wall's load-bearing capacity meets design requirements and can withstand the existing load and the additional load from subsequent surface treatment. When all three conditions are met simultaneously, the original insulation layer can be retained, and surface treatment of the building's exterior wall can be performed, such as cleaning, repairing damaged areas, and applying interface agents, allowing for subsequent decoration or functional modifications, saving construction costs and time.

[0076] Understandably, using specific testing tools and calculation models to obtain data and comparing it with preset standards to determine the retention status of the insulation layer can avoid subjective judgment, accurately determine the scope of the renovation, reduce unnecessary demolition work, and at the same time ensure the safety and insulation effect after the renovation.

[0077] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, determining the retention status of the original insulation layer and selecting insulation materials based on the test results and the type of the exterior wall includes: comparing the original insulation layer thermal resistance value ΔR, structural bearing capacity ΔP, exterior wall type, and preset insulation layer thermal resistance value threshold R1 and structural bearing capacity threshold P1, and selecting insulation materials based on the comparison results.

[0078] Specifically, the types of exterior walls include clay brick walls and concrete walls.

[0079] Specifically, when the exterior wall type is clay brick wall, if △P≥1.2P1, then a first-level insulation material is selected; if △P<1.2P1, then a second-level insulation material is selected, wherein the density of the first-level material is higher than that of the second-level insulation material.

[0080] Understandably, high-density insulation materials generally offer superior insulation performance, but they are also heavier. Therefore, the wall's load-bearing capacity must be considered to ensure a balance between safety and insulation effectiveness. When the structural load-bearing capacity ΔP of a building's exterior wall reaches or exceeds 1.2 times the preset threshold P1, it indicates high wall structural strength and a stronger load-bearing capacity, sufficient to support the weight of primary materials and preventing structural hazards due to excessive material weight. Conversely, when the wall's structural load-bearing capacity ΔP does not reach 1.2 times the preset threshold P1, it indicates relatively weak load-bearing capacity and a risk of exceeding load limits. In this case, using high-density primary materials may exceed the wall's load-bearing capacity due to excessive weight, leading to structural damage. Therefore, choosing low-density secondary materials reduces the wall load while meeting basic insulation requirements, ensuring structural safety.

[0081] Specifically, when the exterior wall is a concrete wall, if ΔR < 0.8R1, then a Class I insulation material is selected; if ΔR ≥ 0.8R1, then a Class II insulation material is selected, wherein the thickness of the Class I insulation material is greater than that of the Class II insulation material.

[0082] Understandably, primary insulation materials are thicker than secondary materials, as thicker materials effectively improve insulation performance. When the thermal resistance ΔR of the original insulation layer is less than 80% of the preset threshold R1, it indicates that the existing insulation performance is significantly insufficient. In this case, the material thickness needs to be increased to compensate for the defects in the original insulation layer and ensure that the thermal performance of the exterior wall meets the standards. Using thicker primary materials can block the heat transfer path and meet building energy-saving design specifications. When the thermal resistance ΔR of the original insulation layer reaches or exceeds 80% of the preset threshold R1, it indicates that the insulation performance basically meets the requirements and does not need to be significantly enhanced. In this case, using thinner secondary materials can reduce material costs and construction difficulty while ensuring basic insulation effects.

[0083] It is understandable that clay brick walls have relatively low load-bearing capacity, so the structural load-bearing capacity is the core criterion for judgment, and safety is the priority; concrete walls have higher load-bearing capacity, so thermal resistance is the core criterion, and thermal insulation performance is the priority.

[0084] It can be seen that selecting insulation materials based on the type of exterior wall and the differences in test data can improve the compatibility between insulation materials and the wall, achieve the best insulation effect while ensuring structural safety, and avoid material waste or insufficient performance.

[0085] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, removing the old insulation layer and applying an interface agent to the wall base includes: selecting the removal method according to the wall hollow rate △K and the safe value of the hollow rate: when the hollow rate △K > the safe value of the hollow rate, mechanical removal is used; when the hollow rate △K ≤ the safe value of the hollow rate, manual removal is used; and repairing the wall base after removing the old insulation layer before applying the interface agent.

[0086] Specifically, the safe value for the hollow rate is 30%.

[0087] Understandably, a higher hollow rate means a larger area where the old insulation layer is not firmly bonded to the base layer, making manual removal inefficient and difficult to guarantee the removal effect. When △K > 30%, mechanical removal can be used to quickly and extensively separate the old insulation layer, improving removal efficiency. When △K ≤ 30%, manual removal can precisely address local hollow areas, avoiding unnecessary damage to the base layer.

[0088] It is understandable that during the removal of the old insulation layer, defects such as cracks, depressions, and protrusions may appear on the base layer. If the interface agent is applied directly without repair, the interface agent will not bond firmly to the base layer, which will affect the installation quality and stability of the subsequent insulation materials. Repairing the base layer can ensure that the interface agent bonds better to the wall surface and ensure the insulation performance of the building's exterior walls.

[0089] It can be seen that selecting the removal method and repairing the base layer according to the hollow rate can improve the removal efficiency, reduce damage to the base layer, provide a good foundation for subsequent interface agent application and insulation material installation, and enhance the stability of the insulation system.

[0090] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal insulation material is installed on the wall substrate after the interface agent is applied and fixed with anchor bolts, including: laying the thermal insulation material row by row from bottom to top, with adjacent thermal insulation materials being spliced ​​together in a staggered manner.

[0091] Understandably, staggered splicing avoids the formation of continuous seams between insulation materials. When subjected to external forces, the stress will not be concentrated along the same gap, but will be distributed to different parts, thereby enhancing the overall stability and crack resistance of the insulation layer.

[0092] Specifically, the anchor bolt arrangement rules are as follows: the number of anchor bolts is adjusted according to the size of the insulation material and the preset size standard value, and the drilling state is adjusted according to the drilling depth of the anchor bolts and the preset drilling depth threshold value; when the size of the insulation material reaches the preset size standard value, the number of anchor bolts is increased; when the size of the insulation material does not reach the preset size standard value, the number of anchor bolts is decreased; when installing anchor bolts, drilling is stopped when the drilling depth of the anchor bolts reaches the drilling depth threshold value; drilling continues when the drilling depth of the anchor bolts does not reach the drilling depth threshold value.

[0093] Understandably, the preset size standard value serves as the benchmark for determining whether to increase or decrease the number of anchor bolts. This size is determined comprehensively based on engineering experience, wall type, and the characteristics of the insulation material. Larger insulation material dimensions result in greater weight and a larger area subjected to external forces, requiring more anchor bolts to provide anchoring force and ensure a secure fit. When the insulation material size reaches the preset standard value, increasing the number of anchor bolts improves the fixing strength and prevents it from falling off during use. Conversely, reducing the number of anchor bolts when the size is smaller ensures a secure fit while avoiding waste of materials and labor, achieving a balance between cost and safety.

[0094] Understandably, the drilling depth of anchor bolts directly affects their anchoring effect and the safety of the wall structure. The preset drilling depth threshold is the minimum depth to which an anchor bolt must penetrate the wall, determined based on factors such as the strength of the wall type, the type of anchor bolt, and its diameter. This threshold ensures that the anchor bolt effectively secures the insulation material without damaging the wall structure. When the drilling depth reaches the threshold, the anchor bolt provides sufficient anchoring force within the wall; if the threshold is not reached, the anchor bolt is not firmly anchored, and the insulation material is prone to loosening. Therefore, drilling must continue to ensure reliable fixation. However, excessive drilling may damage the wall structure, so drilling must be stopped once the threshold is reached.

[0095] It can be seen that by precisely controlling the number of anchor bolts, the overuse or underuse of anchor bolts is avoided, and material costs are reduced while ensuring the fixing effect. Reasonable control of drilling depth not only ensures the anchoring effect, but also prevents unnecessary damage to the wall structure, reduces repair costs, and achieves optimized use of resources.

[0096] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, photovoltaic modules are installed outside the insulation layer according to the building orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior wall surface. This includes: determining the type of photovoltaic module based on the building orientation and lighting conditions; when the building orientation is south or southwest and the lighting conditions are level one, then crystalline silicon modules are selected; when the building orientation is not south or southwest and the lighting conditions are level two, then thin-film modules are selected.

[0097] Specifically, the duration of illumination under Level 1 illumination conditions is greater than that under Level 2 illumination conditions, and the average daily solar radiation under Level 1 illumination conditions is greater than that under Level 2 illumination conditions.

[0098] Understandably, crystalline silicon modules have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency under conditions of sufficient light and strong direct sunlight, enabling them to convert more light energy into electrical energy; while thin-film modules have relatively lower requirements for light intensity and can still maintain good power generation performance in environments with abundant diffused light and weak light intensity.

[0099] Understandably, a building's orientation determines the angle and duration of solar radiation it receives. Buildings facing south or southwest receive longer hours of sunlight and have higher daily solar radiation, meeting the criteria for Level 1 lighting conditions. Buildings facing other directions receive less direct sunlight, with diffused light being the dominant source of illumination, resulting in relatively weaker lighting conditions, falling under Level 2 lighting conditions.

[0100] It can be seen that by selecting suitable photovoltaic modules according to the building orientation and lighting conditions, crystalline silicon modules can perform at their best in strong light environments and thin-film modules can perform at their best in weak light environments, which can significantly improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency, increase power generation, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0101] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, photovoltaic modules are installed outside the insulation layer according to the building orientation, lighting conditions and the flatness of the building's exterior wall surface. The method further includes: after determining the type of photovoltaic modules, selecting the installation method of the photovoltaic modules according to the flatness deviation of the building's exterior wall surface and a preset flatness deviation standard value.

[0102] Specifically, when crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are selected, if the wall flatness deviation is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, the crystalline silicon modules are installed using a keel-type installation method; if the wall flatness deviation reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, the wall surface is first leveled before the crystalline silicon modules are installed using a keel-type installation method. When thin-film photovoltaic modules are selected, if the wall flatness deviation is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, the thin-film modules are installed using an adhesive method; if the wall flatness deviation reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, the wall surface is first leveled before the thin-film modules are installed using an adhesive method.

[0103] Understandably, crystalline silicon modules have high requirements for surface flatness and need to be installed using a keel-type mounting method, while thin-film modules have relatively lower requirements for the flatness of the mounting surface and can be installed using an adhesive method.

[0104] Understandably, the preset flatness deviation standard value measures the flatness of the wall surface. Wall flatness deviation can lead to gaps or stress concentration between the mounting surface and the components. For crystalline silicon modules, gaps affect the stability of the keel fixing, and stress concentration can cause the glass panel to crack. For thin-film modules, gaps reduce the bonding area and affect wind uplift resistance. If the wall flatness deviation is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, it indicates that the wall condition meets the basic requirements for component installation, requiring no additional treatment, and the appropriate installation method can be used directly. If the wall flatness deviation reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, it means that the wall defects exceed the allowable range for component installation and must be repaired to below the standard value through plastering, sanding, or other processes to avoid component failure due to poor installation foundation.

[0105] See Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the design of photovoltaic system wiring, laying cables in reserved cable trays or conduits, and sealing the cable trays or conduits after cable laying includes: obtaining data on the area of ​​the building's exterior wall where photovoltaic modules can be installed, the building's average daily electricity consumption, and annual electricity consumption; calculating the range of the number of photovoltaic modules based on the data; determining the number of photovoltaic modules based on the range of the number of photovoltaic modules, the size of the photovoltaic modules, and the installation spacing; and determining the laying method of the cable trays or conduits based on the number of photovoltaic modules and a preset threshold for the number of photovoltaic modules.

[0106] Specifically, the preset threshold for the number of photovoltaic modules is the critical value between the number of cables and the laying method. The average daily electricity consumption of the building is used to calculate the daily power generation required by the photovoltaic system. The area where photovoltaic modules can be installed limits the upper limit of the total number of modules.

[0107] Specifically, the rated power of the photovoltaic modules, the floor area of ​​a single photovoltaic module, and the average daily sunshine duration on the building's exterior walls are obtained to calculate the range of the number of photovoltaic modules: Minimum number of photovoltaic modules = average daily electricity consumption / daily power generation per module, rounded up; Maximum number of photovoltaic modules = area where photovoltaic modules can be installed / floor area of ​​a single module, rounded down; Power generation per photovoltaic module = rated power of photovoltaic module × average sunshine duration × photovoltaic system efficiency.

[0108] Specifically, based on the size and installation spacing of the photovoltaic modules, a simulated arrangement is carried out on the exterior wall of the building. When there is no obvious shading in the simulated arrangement, the number of photovoltaic modules in the simulated arrangement is the final number of photovoltaic modules; when there is shading, the number of modules or the arrangement method are adjusted until there is no obvious shading.

[0109] Specifically, if the number of photovoltaic modules is less than the preset threshold, it means that the total number of cables is small, and cable trays are used for laying. If the number of photovoltaic modules reaches the preset threshold, it means that there are many cables, and conduits are used for laying.

[0110] It can be seen that determining the number of photovoltaic modules and the cable tray and conduit laying method based on building power consumption and installation conditions can reasonably plan the scale of the photovoltaic system, avoid cable overload or unreasonable laying, and ensure the electrical safety and stable operation of the photovoltaic system.

[0111] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the design of photovoltaic system wiring, laying cables in pre-reserved cable trays or conduits, and sealing the cable trays or conduits after cable laying, further includes:

[0112] Before laying the cables, the route of the cable laying should be planned according to the connection method of the photovoltaic modules and the current flow direction.

[0113] After the cables are laid, the sealing structure of the cable trays or conduits is determined according to their location on the exterior wall of the building.

[0114] Understandably, the connection method of photovoltaic modules, such as series, parallel and mixed connection, determines the current splitting and merging path, and the current flow direction determines the overall direction of the cable; the cable route needs to avoid building structure obstacles, reduce bending angles, and facilitate later maintenance.

[0115] Understandably, after the cables are laid, the inlets and outlets and connections of the cable trays or conduits need to be sealed. When the cable trays or conduits are horizontally installed, they are easily washed away by rainwater, so waterproofing is a key concern and a waterproof sealing structure is used. When the cable trays or conduits are vertically installed, they are prone to dust accumulation and vibration from wind, so dust prevention and vibration resistance are required and a reinforced sealing structure is used.

[0116] See Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the photovoltaic system is connected to the building distribution box or the power grid, a lightning protection grounding device is installed, and the grounding resistance of the lightning protection grounding device is controlled within a preset resistance value.

[0117] Specifically, the remaining capacity of the building's distribution box is obtained. When the remaining capacity reaches a preset capacity value, the photovoltaic system is connected to the building's distribution box; when the remaining capacity does not reach the preset capacity value, the photovoltaic system is connected to the power grid.

[0118] Specifically, the average annual number of thunderstorm days in the area where the building is located is obtained. When the average annual number of thunderstorm days reaches the preset number of thunderstorm days, a primary lightning protection grounding device is used. When the average annual number of thunderstorm days does not reach the preset number of thunderstorm days, a secondary lightning protection grounding device is used. The number of primary lightning protection grounding devices is greater than the number of secondary lightning protection grounding devices, and the grounding electrode length of the primary lightning protection grounding device is greater than the grounding electrode length of the secondary lightning protection grounding device.

[0119] Specifically, the grounding resistance value is monitored in real time. When the grounding resistance value exceeds the preset resistance value, the grounding electrode is processed until the grounding resistance value is less than the preset resistance value. When the grounding resistance value is within the preset resistance value, the lightning protection grounding device is set up.

[0120] Understandably, the remaining capacity of a building's distribution box determines whether it can handle the output current of a photovoltaic system. If the remaining capacity is insufficient, forcibly connecting it will overload the distribution box, causing circuit failures or safety hazards. Connecting to the power grid, on the other hand, allows excess power to be distributed through the public grid, ensuring system stability.

[0121] It is understandable that the preset capacity value refers to the critical remaining capacity of the distribution box that is pre-set when the photovoltaic system is connected to the building's distribution box. It serves as a benchmark parameter for determining whether the photovoltaic system can be connected to the distribution box, and is a threshold setting based on electrical safety and system compatibility.

[0122] Understandably, the number of thunderstorm days directly reflects the lightning risk in a region. The more thunderstorm days there are, the higher the probability of a lightning strike, requiring more robust lightning protection devices. Primary lightning protection devices increase the number of grounding electrodes to expand the grounding area and increase the length of the grounding electrodes to reduce grounding resistance, thereby improving lightning discharge efficiency and preventing damage to photovoltaic systems and buildings from lightning strikes.

[0123] Understandably, grounding resistance is a key indicator of the effectiveness of lightning protection devices. Excessive grounding resistance can lead to poor lightning discharge, causing equipment to be subjected to high-voltage surges. Through real-time monitoring, when the grounding resistance exceeds a preset value, it needs to be reduced. This can be achieved by addressing the grounding electrodes in the following ways: replacing them with high-conductivity grounding electrode materials, increasing the number of grounding electrodes or applying resistance-reducing agents, expanding the grounding grid area, and optimizing the burial depth of the grounding electrodes, such as burying them in a layer of moist soil to reduce soil resistivity.

[0124] It can be seen that the precise connection method of the photovoltaic system can avoid overloading of the distribution box and reduce the risk of electrical faults; the graded lightning protection design specifically resists lightning strikes and protects the photovoltaic system and building safety; real-time monitoring of grounding resistance ensures the long-term reliability of the lightning protection device, reduces system downtime or equipment damage caused by lightning strikes, and extends the service life of the photovoltaic system.

[0125] The above embodiments, through systematic testing of the performance of the original insulation layer, the hollow rate of the wall, and the structural load-bearing capacity, avoid the blindness of relying on experience in traditional renovations, provide a scientific basis for subsequent renovation plans, and ensure that renovation needs are accurately matched with the condition of the base layer.

[0126] By determining the retention status of the original insulation layer based on the test results and the type of exterior wall, unnecessary demolition waste can be avoided; the process of removing the old insulation layer, applying the interface agent, and installing the insulation material can be standardized to improve the bonding reliability between the insulation system and the base layer and reduce the risk of hollowing and falling off.

[0127] By combining building orientation, lighting conditions, and wall flatness to select photovoltaic module types and installation methods, the power generation efficiency and installation stability of the modules can be optimized, avoiding low power generation efficiency or installation hazards caused by environmental factors.

[0128] By pre-setting cable trays or conduits for wiring and sealing, the cable laying of photovoltaic systems can be standardized, reducing the risk of short circuits caused by rainwater and dust intrusion; lightning protection grounding devices can be installed and grounding resistance controlled to improve the system's resistance to lightning strikes and ensure electrical safety.

[0129] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems, characterized in that, include: A comprehensive test is conducted on the performance of the original insulation layer, the hollow rate of the wall, and the structural load-bearing capacity of the building's exterior walls. Based on the test results and the type of exterior walls, the retention of the original insulation layer and the selection of insulation materials are determined. Remove the old insulation layer, apply an interface agent to the wall base, install the insulation material on the wall base after applying the interface agent, and use anchor bolts for auxiliary fixation; Photovoltaic modules are installed outside the insulation layer, taking into account the building's orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior walls. Design the wiring for the photovoltaic system, lay the cables in the reserved cable trays or conduits, and seal the cable trays or conduits after the cables are laid. Connect the photovoltaic system to the building distribution box or power grid, install a lightning protection grounding device, and control the grounding resistance of the lightning protection grounding device to be within a preset resistance value.

2. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves a comprehensive inspection of the original insulation layer performance, wall hollowness rate, and structural load-bearing capacity of the building's exterior walls. Based on the inspection results and the type of exterior wall, the retention of the original insulation layer and the selection of insulation materials are determined, including: Obtain the original thermal resistance value △R, wall hollow rate △K, and structural bearing capacity △P; and compare them with the preset thermal resistance value threshold R1, hollow rate standard value K1, and bearing capacity value P1. Determine the retention status of the original thermal insulation layer based on the comparison results. When △R < R1 or △K > K1 or △P < P1, it is determined that the original insulation layer needs to be removed. When △R≥R1, △K≤K1, and △P≥P1, it is determined that the original insulation layer can be retained.

3. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of determining the retention status of the original insulation layer and selecting insulation materials based on test results and exterior wall type includes: The types of exterior walls include clay brick walls and concrete walls; The original thermal resistance value ΔR, structural bearing capacity ΔP, exterior wall type, and preset thermal resistance value threshold R1 and structural bearing capacity threshold P1 of the insulation layer are compared, and the insulation material is selected based on the comparison results. When the exterior wall type is clay brick wall, if △P≥1.2P1, then a first-level insulation material is selected; if △P<1.2P1, then a second-level insulation material is selected, wherein the density of the first-level material is higher than that of the second-level insulation material. When the exterior wall is a concrete wall, if △R < 0.8R1, then a Class I insulation material is selected; if △R ≥ 0.8R1, then a Class II insulation material is selected, wherein the thickness of the Class I insulation material is greater than that of the Class II insulation material.

4. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 3, characterized in that, The removal of the old insulation layer and the application of a bonding agent to the wall surface include: The demolition method is selected based on the wall hollowness rate ΔK and the safe value of the hollowness rate: when the hollowness rate ΔK > the safe value of the hollowness rate, mechanical demolition is used; when the hollowness rate ΔK ≤ the safe value of the hollowness rate, manual demolition is used. Repair the wall surface after removing the old insulation layer before applying the interface agent.

5. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of installing the thermal insulation material on the wall substrate after applying the interface agent and fixing it with anchor bolts includes: The insulation material is laid row by row from bottom to top, with adjacent insulation materials being spliced ​​together in a staggered manner; The arrangement rules for the anchor bolts are as follows: the number of anchor bolts is adjusted according to the size of the insulation material and the preset size standard value, and the drilling state is adjusted according to the drilling depth of the anchor bolts and the preset drilling depth threshold. When the size of the insulation material reaches the preset size standard value, the number of anchor bolts is increased; when the size of the insulation material does not reach the preset size standard value, the number of anchor bolts is reduced. When installing anchor bolts, drilling should stop when the drilling depth reaches the drilling depth threshold; drilling should continue when the drilling depth does not reach the drilling depth threshold.

6. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 5, characterized in that, The installation of photovoltaic modules outside the insulation layer, based on the building's orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior walls, includes: The type of photovoltaic module is determined based on the building's orientation and lighting conditions; When the building faces south or southwest and the lighting conditions are at level one, crystalline silicon modules should be selected for photovoltaic modules. If the building is not oriented south or southwest and the lighting conditions are level two, then thin-film photovoltaic modules should be selected. The duration of illumination under the first-level illumination condition is greater than that under the second-level illumination condition, and the average daily solar radiation under the first-level illumination condition is greater than that under the second-level illumination condition.

7. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method of installing photovoltaic modules outside the insulation layer according to the building orientation, lighting conditions, and the flatness of the building's exterior wall surface also includes: After determining the type of photovoltaic modules, the installation method of the photovoltaic modules is selected based on the flatness deviation of the building's exterior wall and the preset flatness deviation standard value. When selecting crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, if the flatness deviation of the wall surface is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, the crystalline silicon modules are installed using a keel-type installation method; if the flatness deviation of the wall surface reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, the wall surface is first leveled before the crystalline silicon modules are installed using a keel-type installation method. When selecting thin-film photovoltaic modules, if the flatness deviation of the wall surface is less than the preset flatness deviation standard value, the thin-film modules are installed using adhesive bonding; if the flatness deviation of the wall surface reaches the preset flatness deviation standard value, the wall surface is first leveled before the thin-film modules are installed using adhesive bonding.

8. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 7, characterized in that, The design of the photovoltaic system wiring involves laying cables in pre-reserved cable trays or conduits, and sealing the cable trays or conduits after cable laying, including: Obtain data on the area of ​​the building's exterior walls where photovoltaic modules can be installed, the building's average daily electricity consumption, and annual electricity consumption; calculate the range of the number of photovoltaic modules based on the data. The number of photovoltaic modules is determined based on the range of the number of photovoltaic modules, the size of the photovoltaic modules, and the installation spacing; The method of laying the cable trays or conduits is determined based on the number of photovoltaic modules and a preset threshold for the number of photovoltaic modules.

9. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 8, characterized in that, The design of the photovoltaic system wiring, which involves laying cables in pre-reserved cable trays or conduits and sealing the cable trays or conduits after cable laying, also includes: Before laying the cables, the route of the cable laying should be planned according to the connection method of the photovoltaic modules and the current flow direction. After the cables are laid, the sealing structure of the cable trays or conduits is determined according to their location on the exterior wall of the building.

10. The method for integrated renovation and upgrading of existing building exterior wall insulation and photovoltaic systems according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of connecting the photovoltaic system to the building distribution box or power grid, installing a lightning protection grounding device, and controlling the grounding resistance of the lightning protection grounding device to be within a preset resistance value includes: The remaining capacity of the building distribution box is obtained. When the remaining capacity reaches a preset capacity value, the photovoltaic system is connected to the building distribution box; when the remaining capacity does not reach the preset capacity value, the photovoltaic system is connected to the power grid. The average annual number of thunderstorm days in the area where the building is located is obtained. When the average annual number of thunderstorm days reaches the preset number of thunderstorm days, a primary lightning protection grounding device is used. When the average annual number of thunderstorm days does not reach the preset number of thunderstorm days, a secondary lightning protection grounding device is used. The number of primary lightning protection grounding devices is greater than the number of secondary lightning protection grounding devices, and the grounding electrode length of the primary lightning protection grounding device is greater than the grounding electrode length of the secondary lightning protection grounding device. The grounding resistance value is monitored in real time. When the grounding resistance value exceeds the preset resistance value, the grounding electrode is processed until the grounding resistance value is less than the preset resistance value. When the grounding resistance value is within the preset resistance value, the lightning protection grounding device is set up.

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