Low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elastic heat cold storage device and cooling method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elastic heat cold storage device and a cooling method thereof.The device comprises two sets of shape memory alloys arranged in a staggered mode, a heat source and a heat sink are arranged on the two sides of each shape memory alloy respectively, and the two ends of each shape memory alloy are installed on two sets of sliding rails through clamps respectively; the upper sliding rail set is horizontally arranged, and the lower sliding rail set is obliquely arranged. The driving device drives the clamp to move along the two sets of sliding rails, the obliquely-arranged lower sliding rail set converts pulling force provided by the driving device into drawing force for shape memory alloy and traction force for moving in the horizontal direction, the first set of shape memory alloy pieces are loaded in an I shape, and the second set of shape memory alloy pieces are loaded in a linear shape. Every two adjacent shape memory alloy pieces are attached, and the multiple shape memory alloy pieces are loaded or unloaded gradually. The elastic heat cold storage device can meet the requirement for discontinuous and high-heat-flow refrigeration, and meanwhile has the advantages of low-power slow cold storage and short-time rapid cold release.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigeration and cold storage technology, specifically relating to a low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elastothermic cold storage device and its cooling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for shape memory alloys in engineering and technological applications across various fields, elastothermal refrigeration technology, as a new generation of refrigeration technology, has broad prospects for technological innovation and research and development. Through continuous development and improvement, it is expected to bring more innovations and solutions to the refrigeration industry. Elasticthermal refrigeration achieves refrigeration by realizing the alternating absorption and release of latent heat through a solid-solid phase change within the elastothermal material under stress field drive. It features high energy efficiency and is environmentally friendly as it requires no refrigerant. Cold storage elastothermal refrigeration systems can use low-power loading and short-time high-power release of cooling capacity, thus meeting the application requirements of discontinuous, high-heat-flux refrigeration scenarios.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as Chinese patent application CN115339364A, propose a cooling device and method for automotive seats based on shape memory alloys. This method utilizes a pressure sensor and slide rail system on the seat, taking advantage of the phase change that occurs in the shape memory alloy during compression and recovery. This drives the alloy to contact the radiator and metal bosses, achieving rapid cooling and improving the thermal comfort of passengers and drivers. However, this solution does not propose corresponding self-locking and unlocking mechanisms. Furthermore, due to its single clamping method, interference caused by the clamp thickness limits the placement of only one shape memory alloy piece. This limitation restricts the cooling time and capacity, making this technology unsuitable for scenarios requiring continuous cooling, such as cooling electronic components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems in the prior art by providing a low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elastothermal cold storage device and its cooling method. By relying on the loading mechanism, self-locking mechanism, and alternating arrangement of shape memory alloys in the device, the device can load multiple shape memory alloys sequentially and release them sequentially or continuously as needed, meeting the non-continuous, high heat flux cooling requirements, while greatly reducing the motor power required during loading.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elasto-thermal cold storage device includes two sets of staggered shape memory alloys (SMIs). A heat source and a heat sink are respectively located on both sides of the SMIs. The two ends of the SMIs are mounted on two sets of slide rails via clamps. The upper slide rail set is horizontally placed, while the lower slide rail set is inclined. A driving device moves the clamps along the two sets of slide rails. The inclined lower slide rail set converts the pulling force provided by the driving device into a tensile force and a traction force for horizontal movement on the SMIs. The first set of SMIs is loaded in an I-shape, and the second set is loaded in a straight line. Adjacent SMIs are bonded together, and multiple SMIs are loaded or unloaded sequentially. In the loaded state, the SMIs can move to contact the heat sink to release latent heat, and in the unloaded state, they can move to contact the heat source to release cold energy.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, each piece of the shape memory alloy is connected to a self-locking mechanism at its upper end. The self-locking mechanism allows the shape memory alloy to remain at its maximum stretched position. After unlocking, the shape memory alloy is unloaded.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the self-locking mechanism includes two wedge-shaped latches. A hole is milled behind the stationary latch to engage with a fixed shaft on the self-locking step, and a spring is connected in the middle. When the spring is in its original length, the stationary latch is located on the outermost side. A sensor is installed below the stationary latch to detect the position of the moving latch, thereby determining the state of the shape memory alloy sheet connected to it. The moving latch is installed in the self-locking moving plate and can rotate at a certain angle within the self-locking moving plate. The self-locking moving plate is coaxially connected to the inner insertion post, allowing the self-locking moving plate to move on the inner insertion post.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the self-locking moving plate is rigidly connected to the corresponding clamp above by a right-angled self-locking connecting plate. When the clamp moves, it drives the self-locking moving plate to move, thereby causing the moving buckle to move.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, when the moving latch comes into contact with the stationary latch, the stationary latch is squeezed, the spring is compressed, and the moving latch continues to move downward until the upper surface of the moving latch contacts the lower surface of the stationary latch. Then, under the action of the spring, the stationary latch returns to its outermost position and locks the moving latch, and the shape memory alloy is fixed at the corresponding lowest position. When unloading is triggered, the moving latch rotates in the self-locking moving disc and separates from the stationary latch, and the shape memory alloy is unloaded.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the edge thickness of the fixture should be less than or equal to half the thickness of the corresponding shape memory alloy sheet.

[0011] As a preferred approach, all shape memory alloy sheets have different initial lengths, which increase as the distance between the two clamps increases.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the drive device includes a motor, the output shaft of which is connected to a lead screw, and a slider is mounted on the lead screw. The rotational motion of the motor output shaft is converted into the linear motion of the slider through the lead screw. The slider is equipped with a power loading arm that can extend and clamp. The end of the power loading arm engages with a side hole of the clamp, thereby driving the clamp to move on the slide rail.

[0013] As a preferred solution, when the position of the shape memory alloy sheet to be loaded is received, the length and width of the extended power loading arm are adjusted to cooperate with the corresponding fixture, so as to achieve the purpose of using one motor to load multiple shape memory alloy sheets one by one.

[0014] A cooling method for a thermal energy storage device based on low-power cold storage and high-power cold release includes periodically performing the following cyclic steps: During the cold storage process, the position of the moving buckle in the self-locking mechanism is scanned to determine the number of pieces unloaded during the last cold storage process. The power loading arm is then matched with the fixture corresponding to the shape memory alloy piece to be loaded, and the shape memory alloy piece is loaded. The corresponding shape memory alloy piece is stretched, releasing latent heat, and at the same time moves to the right to contact the heat sink or the previous loaded shape memory alloy piece, achieving solid-solid contact heat exchange. Meanwhile, under the action of the heat dissipation device, the heat is released into the air. The movement of the shape memory alloy sheet drives the movement of the moving latch, causing the moving latch to press against the stationary latch. When the upper surface of the moving latch contacts the lower surface of the stationary latch, the moving latch is locked, and the shape memory alloy sheet is fixed at the maximum loading position. After the loading of the current shape memory alloy sheet is completed, the power loading arm cooperates with the next shape memory alloy sheet to continue loading the next shape memory alloy sheet until all sheets are loaded. During cooling, the trigger condition is set when the heat source temperature reaches a preset value. When the heat source temperature reaches the preset value, the leftmost shape memory alloy sheet is the first to be unloaded, and the corresponding self-locking mechanism is unlocked. The shape memory alloy sheet recovers under the dual action of restoring force and motor, moves to the left, contacts the heat source, and releases cold energy to cool the heat source on the left. When the heat source needs cooling again, the next shape memory alloy sheet is triggered to continue providing cooling energy to the heat source, ensuring that the heat source temperature is stable within a certain temperature range. When instantaneous high-power cooling is required, all loaded shape memory alloy sheets are unloaded together to provide the required cooling energy to the heat source instantly. After the cooling is finished, the system enters the cold storage mode and reloads the unloaded shape memory alloy sheets.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention employs two sets of staggered shape memory alloys (SMILEs). The first set of SMILE sheets is loaded in an I-shape, while the second set is loaded in a straight line. Their spatial arrangement avoids interference caused by clamp thickness, ensuring close contact between adjacent SMILE sheets, eliminating air thermal resistance, and improving heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, the inclined lower slide rail group transforms the pulling force provided by the drive device into a tensile force on the SMILEs and a traction force for horizontal movement. Multiple SMILE sheets can sequentially contact the heat source or heat sink for loading or unloading. The number of SMILE sheets can be unloaded according to the required cooling capacity provided to the heat source, thus achieving low-power cold storage and high-power cold release. Because multiple SMILE sheets can be assembled, this invention's low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elastomeric cold storage device is more advantageous in discontinuous, high-heat-flux refrigeration scenarios, and has significant advantages in loading power and rapid cooling capacity. It can effectively control the rise in heat source temperature, while also offering the advantages of slow, low-power cold storage and rapid, short-time cooling release.

[0016] Furthermore, the elastothermal cold storage device of this invention, which combines low-power cold storage with high-power cold release, incorporates a self-locking mechanism. Each shape memory alloy piece is connected to the upper end of this mechanism, which includes a stationary latch and a movable latch. When the shape memory alloy is loaded, the upper clamp moves, causing the self-locking moving disk to move downwards, thus moving the movable latch downwards. When the upper surface of the movable latch contacts the lower surface of the stationary latch, the stationary latch returns to its outermost position under the action of a spring, locking the movable latch and thus fixing the shape memory alloy. During unloading, the movable latch rotates within the self-locking moving disk, separating from the stationary latch and unlocking. Therefore, the shape memory alloy can be fixed at its maximum stretch position. On the other hand, by scanning the position of the movable latch in the self-locking mechanism, the number of shape memory alloy pieces to be loaded can be determined, thereby enabling sequential loading. By setting trigger conditions, the shape memory alloy can be unloaded as needed, providing cooling capacity.

[0017] Furthermore, the driving device of this invention uses a motor to drive a lead screw to rotate, converting the rotational motion into the linear motion of the slider. The slider is equipped with a telescopic and clamping power loading arm, the end of which engages with a side hole of the clamp, thereby driving the clamp to move on the slide rail and realizing the successive loading of the shape memory alloy. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A front view schematic diagram of the elastothermic cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the left-hand structure of the elastothermic cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cyclic temperature-stress principle corresponding to the elastic thermal storage cold storage device of this invention; Figure 4(a) is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the self-locking structure of the elastic thermal storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention after self-locking; Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the unlocking method of the self-locking structure of the thermal storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the alternating arrangement of two sets of clamps in the elastic thermal storage device of this invention; Figure 6(a) Schematic diagram of the contact between the shape memory alloy and the heat sink at the end of the heat storage device of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the contact between the shape memory alloy and the heat source in the thermal storage device of the present invention when it is cooled. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without creative effort.

[0021] It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention proposes a low-power cold storage and high-power cold release elastic thermal storage device, including a heat source 102 and a heat sink 103 fixed on the outer shell 101, two sets of slide rails 104 and two sets of shape memory alloys 105 arranged in an alternating manner, a clamp 106, a driving device and a self-locking device 111.

[0023] The heat source 102 is placed in the groove on the left side of the outer casing 101 to receive the cooling energy provided by the shape memory alloy 105 after it is unloaded. A fan is placed behind the heat sink 103 to accelerate the cooling of the heat sink 103.

[0024] Both sets of slide rails 104 consist of three parallel slide rails. The upper slide rail set 104-1 is placed horizontally, while the lower slide rail set 104-2 is placed at an angle. The lower slide rail set 104-2, which is placed at an angle, can convert the pulling force provided by the drive device into the tensile force of the shape memory alloy 105 and the traction force for horizontal movement.

[0025] Each set of slide rails 104 is equipped with multiple clamps 106, which can move smoothly on the slide rails 104.

[0026] Two sets of shape memory alloy 105 are arranged alternately using different clamping methods to achieve a tight fit.

[0027] The motor 107 is fixed inside the bottom of the housing 101. The output shaft of the motor 107 is connected to the lead screw 108. A slider 109 is mounted on the lead screw 108. The lead screw 108 converts the rotational motion of the motor 107 into the linear motion of the slider 109. The slider 109 is equipped with a telescopic and clamping power loading arm 110. The end of the power loading arm 110 can cooperate with the side hole of the clamp 106, thereby driving the clamp 106 to move on the slide rail 104.

[0028] Each shape memory alloy 105 is connected to a self-locking mechanism 111 at its upper end. The self-locking mechanism 111 allows the shape memory alloy 105 to stay at its maximum stretch position. After unlocking, the shape memory alloy 105 can be unloaded.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the heat sink 103 of the present invention has parallel straight fins. The heat sink 103 uses a fan for forced convection or utilizes a high emissivity surface coating of an air-cooled heat exchange structure to dissipate heat through natural convection and thermal radiation.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the right triangle formed by the tilt angle of the lower slide rail assembly 104-2 in this embodiment of the invention can have a side length of 5, 12, or 13 units. This angle facilitates the calculation of the initial length of the shape memory alloy sheet.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the cooling storage time and the cooling usage time of the present invention are not on the same order of magnitude. The cooling storage time can be a relatively long time, utilizing idle time for low-power loading to save motor power.

[0032] From a structural perspective, increasing the number of shape memory alloy sheets would lead to an increase in the number of self-locking mechanisms 111 in the device, increasing the possibility of motion interference and significantly lengthening the cooling time. Conversely, too few sheets would result in the heat source 102 receiving less cooling energy relative to the latent heat value of the shape memory alloy, and excessively thick individual sheets would require a more powerful motor 107. Therefore, the number of shape memory alloy sheets in this embodiment of the invention should be appropriately chosen, neither too many nor too few.

[0033] Please see Figure 3 The elastic-thermal principle of the elastic-thermal storage device in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: During the cold storage process: First, an increase in stress occurs due to isothermal loading. At this point, a phase transition has not yet occurred. Figure 3 The process from step 1 to step 2; subsequently, when the stress in shape memory alloy 105 exceeds the minimum stress required for martensitic transformation at that temperature, the shape memory alloy material begins to transform from austenite to martensite, corresponding to... Figure 3 In steps 2 to 3, the shape memory alloy 105 continues to be stretched, and the temperature rises. At step 3, the compressive stress of the shape memory alloy 105 reaches its maximum, and the temperature is at its highest. The shape memory alloy 105 dissipates heat to the heat sink 103 until it returns to room temperature. This process corresponds to... Figure 3 The process can be maintained for a long time, from 3 to 4, until the cold process is triggered; During the cooling process: First, an isothermal stress decrease phenomenon occurs corresponding to the unloading stress. Only when the stress on the shape memory alloy 105 decreases to a critical value does the transformation from martensite to austenite phase begin, i.e. Figure 3 The process from point 5 to point 6. The lowest temperature, corresponding to point 6, occurs when the reverse transformation of shape memory alloy 105 is complete, i.e., when it has completely transformed into the austenitic phase. Afterwards, shape memory alloy 105 absorbs heat from the cooled object, corresponding to... Figure 3 The heat absorption and cooling process from 6 to 1 in the middle stage provides the cooling capacity stored in the cold storage stage to the object being cooled, thereby realizing the on-demand directional cooling of shape memory alloy 105.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 4(a). In this embodiment of the invention, the core components of the self-locking mechanism 111 are two wedge-shaped buckles. A hole is milled behind the static buckle 111-1 to cooperate with the fixed shaft 111-4 on the self-locking step 111-3. A spring 111-5 is connected in the middle. When the spring 111-5 is in its original length state, the static buckle 111-1 is located on the outermost side. A sensor is installed below the static buckle 111-1 to detect the position of the moving buckle 111-2, and then to determine the state of the shape memory alloy 105 connected to it; The movable buckle 111-2 is installed in the self-locking movable disc 111-6 and can rotate at a certain angle in the self-locking movable disc 111-6. The self-locking disc 111-6 is coaxially connected with the inner insertion post 111-7, so that the self-locking disc 111-6 can move on the inner insertion post 111-7. The right-angled self-locking connecting plate 111-8 rigidly connects the self-locking moving plate 111-6 to the upper clamp 106. The movement of the upper clamp 106 simultaneously drives the self-locking moving plate 111-6 to move.

[0035] When the shape memory alloy 105 is loaded, the movement of the upper clamp 106 drives the self-locking moving disk 111-6 to move, thereby causing the moving buckle 111-2 to move. When the movable latch 111-2 contacts the self-locking static latch 111-1, the static latch 111-1 is squeezed, the spring 111-5 is compressed, and the movable latch 111-2 continues to move downward. After the upper surface of the movable latch 111-2 contacts the lower surface of the static latch 111-1, the static latch 111-1 returns to the outermost position under the action of the spring 111-5, locking the movable latch 111-2, and the shape memory alloy 105 is fixed at its corresponding lowest position.

[0036] As shown in Figure 4(b), when unloading is triggered, the moving latch 111-2 can rotate in the self-locking moving disk 111-6 and separate from the stationary latch 111-1, at which time the shape memory alloy 105 can be unloaded.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the maximum angle that the movable buckle 111-2 can rotate in the self-locking movable disc 111-6 should be slightly greater than (about 10°) the angle at which the movable buckle 111-2 disengages from the stationary buckle 111-1.

[0038] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 The arrangement of two sets of shape memory alloys is depicted. The device is equipped with 6 inclined slide rails, 6 clamps, and 6 slide rail sliders, divided into two groups. The first group consists of 4 slide rails on the upper and lower outer sides, and the second group consists of 2 slide rails on the upper and lower middle sides. The shape memory alloy sheet 105-1 in the first group is loaded in an I-shape, and the shape memory alloy sheet 105-2 in the second group is loaded in a straight line. The two groups of shape memory alloys are arranged alternately in sequence, which prevents interference between the clamps in space, thereby achieving tight adhesion between adjacent shape memory alloy sheets.

[0039] The cooling method of the elastothermal cold storage device based on the low-power cold storage and high-power cold release in this embodiment of the invention includes the following cyclic steps: As shown in Figure 6(a), during the cold storage process, the position of the moving buckle 111-2 in the self-locking mechanism is scanned to determine the number of pieces unloaded during the last cold storage process. The power loading arm 110 is then engaged with the clamp 106 of the shape memory alloy sheet to be loaded to load the shape memory alloy sheet. The corresponding shape memory alloy sheet is stretched, releasing latent heat. At the same time, it moves to the right and comes into contact with the heat sink 103 or the previous loaded shape memory alloy sheet to achieve solid-solid contact heat exchange. Meanwhile, under the action of the rear fan, the heat is quickly released into the air. The movement of the shape memory alloy drives the movement of the self-locking moving buckle 111-2, causing the moving buckle 111-2 to press against the stationary buckle 111-1. When the upper surface of the moving buckle 111-2 contacts the lower surface of the stationary buckle 111-1, the moving buckle 111-2 is locked, and the shape memory alloy sheet is fixed at the maximum loading position. After the loading of the current shape memory alloy sheet is completed, the power loading arm 110 cooperates with the next shape memory alloy sheet to continue loading the next shape memory alloy sheet until the loading of all shape memory alloy sheets is completed.

[0040] As shown in Figure 6(b), during the cooling process, the trigger condition can be set to the temperature of the heat source 102 reaching a certain threshold. When the temperature of the heat source 102 reaches the threshold, the system is triggered, and the leftmost shape memory alloy sheet begins to unload first. Its connected self-locking structure 111 is unlocked. Under the dual action of the restoring force and the motor, the shape memory alloy sheet recovers and moves to the left, contacting the heat source 102 and releasing cold energy to cool the left heat source 102. When the heat source 102 needs cold energy again, the next shape memory alloy 105 is triggered to continue providing cold energy to the heat source 102, ensuring that the temperature of the heat source 102 remains stable within a certain temperature range. If the system needs instantaneous high-power cooling, all loaded shape memory alloys 105 can be unloaded together to provide a large amount of cold energy to the heat source 102 instantly. After the cooling is completed, the system enters the next working cycle and reloads the unloaded shape memory alloys 105.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the shape memory alloy 105 is stretched by a driving device, and the stretched shape memory alloy 105 is fixed in the corresponding position by a self-locking mechanism 111. Finally, it is unloaded as needed by an unloading trigger, providing cooling capacity to the heat source 102. This embodiment of the invention designs two sets of shape memory alloy sheets with different geometric shapes, which are rationally distributed in space to prevent interference from the clamp 106, thereby allowing adjacent shape memory alloy sheets to fit tightly together and preventing air thermal resistance. Because multiple shape memory alloy sheets can be assembled, this invention has greater advantages in applications involving discontinuous, high-heat-flux cooling scenarios. The elastic thermal storage device of this invention has significant advantages in terms of loading power and rapid cooling capacity, effectively controlling the rise in heat source temperature, and also has the advantages of low-power slow cooling storage and short-time rapid cooling release.

[0042] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details described in the above embodiments, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of protection involved.

[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermodynamic cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release, characterized in that, The device includes two sets of staggered shape memory alloys (105). A heat source (102) and a heat sink (103) are respectively located on both sides of the shape memory alloys (105). The two ends of the shape memory alloys (105) are mounted on two sets of slide rails (104) via clamps (106). The upper slide rail set (104-1) is placed horizontally, while the lower slide rail set (104-2) is placed at an angle. A driving device moves the clamps (106) along the two sets of slide rails (104). The angled lower slide rail set (104-2) lifts the driving device. The supplied tension is converted into a tensile force and a traction force for horizontal movement on the shape memory alloy (105). The first group of shape memory alloy sheets (105-1) in the shape memory alloy (105) is loaded in an I-shape, and the second group of shape memory alloy sheets (105-2) is loaded in a straight line. Adjacent shape memory alloy sheets are bonded together, and multiple shape memory alloy sheets are loaded or unloaded in sequence. The shape memory alloy (105) can move to contact the heat sink (103) to release latent heat when loaded, and can move to contact the heat source (102) to release cold energy when unloaded.

2. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each piece of the shape memory alloy (105) is connected to a self-locking mechanism (111) at its upper end. The self-locking mechanism (111) allows the shape memory alloy (105) to remain at the maximum stretch position. After unlocking, the shape memory alloy (105) is unloaded.

3. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 2, characterized in that, The self-locking mechanism (111) includes two wedge-shaped buckles. A hole is milled behind the stationary buckle (111-1) to cooperate with the fixed shaft (111-4) on the self-locking step (111-3). A spring (111-5) is connected in the middle. When the spring (111-5) is in its original length state, the stationary buckle (111-1) is located on the outermost side. A sensor is installed below the stationary buckle (111-1) to detect the position of the moving buckle (111-2) and thus determine the state of the shape memory alloy sheet connected to it. The moving buckle (111-2) is installed in the self-locking moving plate (111-6) and can rotate at a certain angle in the self-locking moving plate (111-6). The self-locking moving plate (111-6) is coaxially connected with the inner insertion post (111-7) so that the self-locking moving plate (111-6) can move on the inner insertion post (111-7).

4. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 3, characterized in that, The self-locking moving plate (111-6) is rigidly connected to the corresponding clamp (106) above by a right-angled self-locking connecting plate (111-8). When the clamp (106) moves, it drives the self-locking moving plate (111-6) to move, thereby causing the moving buckle (111-2) to move.

5. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the moving latch (111-2) comes into contact with the stationary latch (111-1), the stationary latch (111-1) is squeezed, the spring (111-5) is compressed, and the moving latch (111-2) continues to move downward until the upper surface of the moving latch (111-2) contacts the lower surface of the stationary latch (111-1). Then, the stationary latch (111-1) returns to the outermost position under the action of the spring (111-5), locking the moving latch (111-2), and the shape memory alloy (105) is fixed at the corresponding lowest position. When the unloading is triggered, the moving latch (111-2) rotates in the self-locking moving disc (111-6) and separates from the stationary latch (111-1), and the shape memory alloy (105) is unloaded.

6. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge thickness of the fixture (106) shall be less than or equal to half the thickness of the corresponding shape memory alloy sheet.

7. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 1, characterized in that, All shape memory alloy sheets have different initial lengths, which increase as the distance between the two clamps (106) increases.

8. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving device includes a motor (107), the output shaft of the motor (107) is connected to a lead screw (108), a slider (109) is mounted on the lead screw (108), the rotational motion of the output shaft of the motor (107) is converted into the linear motion of the slider (109) through the lead screw (108), the slider (109) is equipped with a power loading arm (110) that can extend and clamp, the end of the power loading arm (110) cooperates with the side hole of the clamp (106), thereby driving the clamp (106) to move on the slide rail (104).

9. The elastothermal cold storage device with low-power cold storage and high-power cold release according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the position of the shape memory alloy sheet to be loaded is received, the length and width of the extended power loading arm (110) are adjusted to cooperate with the corresponding fixture (106) so as to achieve the purpose of loading multiple shape memory alloy sheets one by one using a motor (107).

10. A cooling method for a thermodynamic cold storage device based on any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, This includes periodically executing the following iterative steps: During the cold storage process, the position of the moving buckle (111-2) in the self-locking mechanism (111) is scanned to determine the number of pieces unloaded during the last cold storage process. The power loading arm (110) is then engaged with the fixture (106) corresponding to the shape memory alloy piece to be loaded, and the shape memory alloy piece is loaded. The corresponding shape memory alloy piece is stretched, releasing latent heat, and moves to the right to contact the heat sink (103) or the previous loaded shape memory alloy piece, achieving solid-solid contact heat exchange. At the same time, under the action of the heat dissipation device, the heat is released into the air. The movement of the shape memory alloy sheet drives the movement of the movable latch (111-2), causing the movable latch (111-2) to press against the stationary latch (111-1). When the upper surface of the movable latch (111-2) contacts the lower surface of the stationary latch (111-1), the movable latch (111-2) is locked, and the shape memory alloy sheet is fixed at the maximum loading position. After the loading of the current shape memory alloy sheet is completed, the power loading arm (110) cooperates with the next shape memory alloy sheet to continue loading the next shape memory alloy sheet until all shape memory alloy sheets are loaded. During the cooling process, the trigger condition is set to the heat source (102) temperature reaching a certain preset value. When the heat source (102) temperature reaches the preset value, the leftmost shape memory alloy sheet is the first to be unloaded, and the corresponding self-locking mechanism (111) is unlocked. The shape memory alloy sheet is restored under the dual action of the restoring force and the motor (107). The shape memory alloy sheet moves to the left and contacts the heat source (102), releasing cold energy at the same time to cool the left heat source (102). When the heat source (102) needs cold energy again, the next shape memory alloy sheet is triggered to continue to provide cold energy to the heat source (102) and ensure that the temperature of the heat source (102) is stable within a certain temperature range. When instantaneous high-power cooling is required, all loaded shape memory alloy sheets are unloaded together to provide the required cold energy to the heat source (102) instantly. After the cooling is finished, the cold storage mode is entered, and the unloaded shape memory alloy sheets are reloaded.

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