Near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor cooperative work

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lighting automatic adjusting systems, and particularly relates to a near-zero-energy-consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor cooperative work. The system comprises an outdoor sun-shading system installed at the position where outdoor light irradiates indoors and an indoor light control system arranged indoors. The outdoor sun-shading system is composed of a sun-shading plate adjusting system and a reflector adjusting system. The sun shield adjusting system comprises a photovoltaic sun shield and a photovoltaic module integrated on the photovoltaic sun shield, the reflector adjusting system comprises a reflector for introducing light into an indoor ceiling, the indoor light control system comprises a main control module, an induction module and an action module, and the induction module and the action module are both connected with the main control module. And the main control module is connected with an indoor lamp. For the space in the building, the dynamic photovoltaic sun shield is integrated with the photovoltaic assembly, so that strong direct light is prevented from being directly emitted into a room, the shielded light is converted into electric energy, and natural light is fully utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of automatic lighting adjustment systems, and particularly relates to a near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system that works in conjunction with indoor and outdoor environments. Background Technology

[0002] In existing buildings, natural light resources are often not fully utilized. This is because the high intensity of direct sunlight cannot meet the requirements for uniform and soft indoor lighting. Therefore, softer and more uniform artificial light sources are often used, which increases building energy consumption. Thus, improving the efficiency of natural light utilization to meet the needs of buildings is of great significance for public eye health and energy conservation in building operations.

[0003] Dynamic photovoltaic shading technology is an innovative technology that combines photovoltaic power generation with intelligent shading adjustment, aiming to simultaneously achieve multiple goals such as energy production, building energy conservation, and indoor environmental optimization. Its working principle involves integrating photovoltaic modules into facade shading panels, allowing the shading panels to generate photovoltaic power using the blocked direct sunlight while simultaneously regulating the indoor light environment and improving the utilization rate of sustainable energy. Furthermore, dynamic shading technology uses sensors to monitor parameters such as light intensity, solar angle, and indoor temperature in real time, and algorithms to calculate the optimal result that best meets the optimization goals. This automatically adjusts the shading panels to the optimal angle and position, thereby increasing power generation, reducing direct sunlight entering the room, lowering air conditioning load, and improving lighting comfort.

[0004] Lighting management and control technology is a technology that enables intelligent management of lighting systems through sensors, controllers, and actuators. It can automatically adjust parameters such as light switching, brightness, and color temperature based on environmental conditions, user needs, or preset strategies to improve energy efficiency, comfort, and convenience. Such automatic control systems typically consist of sensors, controllers, and actuators. Monitoring a characteristic of the space used by people activates the sensor, which sends an electrical signal that is converted into a preset command by the controller, causing the actuator to perform a specific action. For automatic lighting control systems, signals such as sound generated by human activity and sudden changes in light intensity are typically detected. The system controls the on / off state of lights according to the lighting requirements of different spaces. Some lighting management and control systems also control light power by detecting environmental conditions such as ambient light intensity. This technology is often used to automatically turn off lights when not needed, thus saving energy.

[0005] How to utilize advanced building shading and lighting control technologies to improve building energy efficiency and sustainable energy use is a key focus of research in this area. Existing lighting control technologies primarily focus on meeting user needs and detecting user behavior, with limited research on energy conservation. Current photovoltaic shading technologies mainly aim to increase shading rates and reduce indoor radiation, without considering how to utilize direct sunlight to improve indoor light quality and utilization efficiency. Lighting control and shading control are often difficult to integrate and operate independently with different objectives, resulting in poor synergy and difficulty in ensuring overall lighting energy consumption. Integrating indoor lighting control technology with outdoor photovoltaic shading technology to form a comprehensive indoor lighting control system, and using integrated calculations to reduce indoor lighting energy consumption and improve light environment quality and natural light utilization, can effectively reduce building energy consumption and is of great significance for building energy conservation.

[0006] Currently, building photovoltaic (PV) shading systems and their fabrication are relatively mature. For example, Chinese patents CN103938810B ("A Photovoltaic Shading System and Its Fabrication Method") and CN106639183A ("A Dynamic Shading Device Integrating Photovoltaic Panels") demonstrate that dynamic external shading components integrating photovoltaic modules provide passive energy-saving effects. Furthermore, they can convert blocked direct solar radiation into electricity through the photovoltaic modules, reducing the building's energy demand on the grid. The angle of the shading panel can be adjusted to achieve better shading. Another example is the foreign patent KR102650019B1 ("Dynamic Shading Control Device and the Operation Method"), which describes how the length of the shading panel can control indoor cooling and lighting loads to some extent. However, these patents are limited to improving the power generation and shading effect of the shading panel; they do not comprehensively consider how to quantify and improve the quality of the indoor light environment, nor do they comprehensively consider how to integrate and control the dynamic photovoltaic shading panel with indoor lighting to control the overall building lighting energy consumption.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system that works both indoors and outdoors to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system that works collaboratively between indoor and outdoor environments. This invention can maximize the utilization of natural light and reduce indoor lighting energy consumption according to the actual usage needs of the classroom, providing an indoor lighting environment that better meets the needs of users.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A near-zero energy photovoltaic dynamic light control system for coordinated indoor and outdoor operation includes an outdoor shading system installed at the point where outdoor sunlight enters the room and an indoor light control system installed inside the room. The outdoor shading system consists of a shading plate adjustment system and a reflector adjustment system. The shading plate adjustment system includes a photovoltaic shading plate and photovoltaic modules integrated on the photovoltaic shading plate. The reflector adjustment system includes a reflector on the indoor ceiling that introduces light. The indoor light control system includes a main control module, a sensing module, and an action module. The sensing module and the action module are both connected to the main control module, and the main control module is connected to indoor lighting fixtures.

[0011] Preferably, the photovoltaic shading panel, photovoltaic module, and reflector can all rotate in the vertical direction; the reflector is located below the photovoltaic shading panel.

[0012] Preferably, the outdoor shading system further includes a mounting frame and an adjustment assembly mounted on the mounting frame. The adjustment assembly includes a main hydraulic rod and a secondary hydraulic rod. The non-telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod is fixed to the mounting frame, and the telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod is hinged to the photovoltaic shading panel. A first motor and a second motor are mounted on the mounting frame. The drive end of the first motor is connected to the non-telescopic end of the secondary hydraulic rod via a first rotating shaft. The telescopic end of the secondary hydraulic rod is hinged to the end of the photovoltaic shading panel via a rotating shaft. The drive end of the second motor is connected to the end of the reflector via a second rotating shaft. The main hydraulic rod, secondary hydraulic rod, first motor, and second motor are all connected to the main control module. The mounting frame is used to install the outdoor shading system where outdoor sunlight can enter the interior, which can be outside a window or door.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the photovoltaic sunshade is provided with a slide rail, which is slidably connected to the slider, and the telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod is hinged to the slider; the reflector is provided with a through groove for the main hydraulic rod to pass through, and the tilt angle of the auxiliary hydraulic rod is less than 25° with the horizontal plane away from the room, so as to ensure that sunlight can shine on the reflector.

[0014] Preferably, the sensing module includes an illuminance detection module distributed in each zone, a human body detection module, and a number of people detection modules installed at indoor exits and entrances. All three modules are connected to the main control module. The illuminance detection module is a photosensor, the human body detection module is an infrared sensor, and the number of people detection module is an infrared counter.

[0015] Preferably, the reflector is one of anodized aluminum plate, white mirror aluminum plate, and aluminum-plastic composite plate.

[0016] Preferably, the outdoor shading system includes several parameters, namely the relative position of the photovoltaic shading panel, the angle of the reflector, the width of the photovoltaic shading panel, and the width of the reflector; the method for determining the parameters of the outdoor shading system is as follows:

[0017] S1. Create a standard building model;

[0018] S2. Import weather data into the simulation software, analyze the weather data, and then conduct building energy consumption and daylighting simulation.

[0019] S3. Use a genetic algorithm to optimize the target value of the outdoor shading system and obtain the determined values ​​of the outdoor shading system parameters.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, the operating conditions of the photovoltaic shading panel are input into the simulation software. The operating conditions are as follows:

[0021] Based on a horizontally positioned photovoltaic sunshade, the width of the photovoltaic sunshade, the horizontal distance between the photovoltaic sunshade's pivot and the upper edge of the window frame, and the vertical distance between the photovoltaic sunshade's pivot and the upper edge of the window frame are set as parameters. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic sunshade is set to the optimal power generation angle according to the working conditions. To ensure that the optimization results are realistic, the width of the photovoltaic sunshade is set to 0.2–2.4 m, the height of the photovoltaic sunshade's pivot from the window frame is set to 0–1.0 m, and the horizontal distance of the photovoltaic sunshade's pivot from the window frame is set to 0–1.0 m. The width of the reflector is set to 0–1.5 m, and the angle of the reflector is set to -15°–15°. With the reflector facing south as the simulated direction, a positive angle indicates that the reflector rotates counterclockwise around the pivot from a westward perspective, and a negative angle indicates the opposite.

[0022] Preferably, the optimal power generation angle is 13.50° or 41.14°.

[0023] Preferably, the target values ​​optimized in step S3 include UDI, UOD, and DGP;

[0024] The calculation method for UDI is as follows: Import the model into Honeybee, set a 500mm×500mm sensor grid with a calculation surface at a height of 750mm above the ground, import EPW meteorological data for the local area, and use the HB Annual Daylight calculator for calculation. Set the effective illuminance range to 450~2000lx, calculate the indoor UDI of the building by statistically analyzing the proportion of time that the illuminance is met during the year of use of the measuring points, and sum the data from all measuring points to calculate the average value as the average effective illuminance value of the building's indoor area. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] In equation (1): U UDI Optimize the target value for UDI, %; D i The value of UDI at the i-th measuring point is %, and N is the total number of measuring points.

[0027] The calculation method for UOD is as follows: Similarly, construct a 500mm×500mm sensor grid with a height of 750mm above the ground as the calculation surface, input the sky conditions and model into the HB PIT grid calculator for calculation, obtain the illuminance value at each sensor, calculate the average value, divide the minimum illuminance value by the average value to obtain the building's indoor UOD, and select the UOD at noon on the summer solstice or winter solstice as the optimization target value.

[0028] The method for calculating DGP is as follows: A sensor grid of 500mm x 500mm is constructed in the model, positioned 750mm above the ground, as the calculation surface. Meteorological data is imported into the HB Imageless Annual Glare calculator to calculate DGP. The average annual glare probability at each measuring point is calculated, and the maximum value is taken from the data at each point as the optimization target value. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In equation (2): U DGP Optimize the target value for DGP, %; P in is the nth value of the i-th measurement point, %; N is the total number of single data points.

[0031] The advantages of this invention are:

[0032] (1) This invention, for building spaces, utilizes dynamic photovoltaic sunshades integrated with photovoltaic modules. This not only prevents strong direct sunlight from entering the room but also converts the blocked light into electrical energy, making full use of natural light. Simultaneously, reflectors are used to reflect some light into the room, creating soft, diffused light to improve indoor light uniformity and effective illuminance, thus increasing the efficiency of natural light utilization. An automatic light control system is used indoors to control the lighting by detecting the number of people in the room and the ambient illuminance, thereby improving energy efficiency. Furthermore, this invention can maximize the utilization of natural light and reduce indoor lighting energy consumption according to the actual needs of the classroom, providing an indoor lighting environment that better meets the needs of users.

[0033] (2) This invention features a dynamic shading mechanism that works in conjunction with indoor lighting control. Traditional light environment control systems control shading and lighting independently, making it difficult to unify their control objectives and effects, often resulting in suboptimal control. This invention integrates outdoor dynamic photovoltaic shading components with an indoor automatic lighting control system to improve indoor light environment quality and reduce lighting energy consumption, thereby enhancing system utilization efficiency and overall effectiveness.

[0034] (3) This invention improves the integration of the control system. By parametrically controlling parameters such as the angle and position of the dynamic photovoltaic shading component based on the outdoor environment and natural light intensity, it is possible to comprehensively manage and regulate the overall utilization of natural light, lighting areas, and brightness control indoors, thereby improving the integration of the control system. This approach facilitates overall adjustments guided by a single objective, preventing contradictions between systems that could affect the final effect. It also reduces the complexity of control, allowing for comprehensive adjustments to the light environment using only one control system.

[0035] (4) Traditional dynamic photovoltaic shading systems only consider maximizing photovoltaic power generation and shading efficiency, without paying attention to indoor lighting effects and energy consumption control. This invention, while maximizing photovoltaic power generation capacity as much as possible, prioritizes indoor lighting effects and light environment quality, improves natural light utilization efficiency, and reduces lighting energy consumption. In addition, traditional lighting control systems often only control illuminance for small spaces and cannot meet the needs of large spaces. For large spaces with few people, this still leads to energy waste. This invention system, for large spaces with few people, achieves detection and lighting control of the usage areas within the large space through zoned lighting. This invention solves the problem of large wear and tear on traditional dynamic shading hardware. By changing the shading angle only twice a year, the lifespan of the mechanical system can be extended to a certain extent. This invention solves the problem of the inability of building exterior shading systems and indoor lighting control systems to work together for comprehensive control. Currently, there are few practices on the collaborative control of building dynamic photovoltaic shading systems and indoor lighting control systems.

[0036] (5) This invention can be directly installed on the exterior wall, which is convenient for the renovation of exterior windows and does not require pre-reserved holes in the wall; it meets the function while ensuring low cost; it can adapt to the changes in natural light in different seasons and regions; it can realize the activity monitoring and lighting control of large space multi-lighting zones, and can make the indoor lighting more precise and energy-saving; it can be directly installed indoors, which is convenient for the renovation of lighting systems; it can adapt to the renovation of lighting systems of various spatial scales and various spatial uses. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the sunshade adjustment system of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic sunshade installation structure of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the photovoltaic sunshade panel of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the illuminance detection module of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the people detection module of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 The system program of this invention Figure 1 .

[0045] Figure 9 The system program of this invention Figure 2 .

[0046] Figure 10 This is the mean curve for multi-objective optimization under summer operating conditions in this invention.

[0047] Figure 11 This is the mean curve for multi-objective optimization under winter working conditions in this invention.

[0048] Figure 12 This is a comparison chart of the UOD before and after optimization in this invention.

[0049] The meanings of the symbols in the diagram are as follows:

[0050] 1-Sunshade adjustment system, 2-Reflector, 3-Mounting bracket, 4-Main hydraulic rod, 5-Secondary hydraulic rod, 6-Slide rail, 7-Through groove, 8-Photovoltaic module, 9-Photovoltaic sunshade, 10-Main control module, 11-Illumination detection module, 12-Human body detection module, 13-Number of people detection module. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0052] like Figure 1-9As shown, a near-zero energy photovoltaic dynamic light control system that works collaboratively indoors and outdoors includes an outdoor shading system installed at the point where outdoor sunlight enters the room and an indoor light control system installed inside the room. The outdoor shading system consists of a shading plate adjustment system 1 and a reflector adjustment system. The shading plate adjustment system 1 includes a photovoltaic shading plate 9 and a photovoltaic module 8 integrated on the photovoltaic shading plate 9. The reflector adjustment system includes a reflector 2 on the ceiling near the window to introduce light into the room. The indoor light control system includes a main control module 10, a sensing module, and an action module. The sensing module and the action module are both connected to the main control module 10, and the main control module 10 is connected to indoor lighting fixtures. The photovoltaic shading plate 9, the photovoltaic module 8, and the reflector 2 can all rotate vertically; the reflector 2 is located below the photovoltaic shading plate 9.

[0053] Specifically, the outdoor shading system also includes a mounting frame 3 and an adjustment assembly mounted on the mounting frame 3. The adjustment assembly includes a main hydraulic rod 4 and an auxiliary hydraulic rod 5. The non-telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod 4 is fixed on the mounting frame 3, and the telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod 4 is hinged to the photovoltaic shading plate 9. A first motor and a second motor are mounted on the mounting frame 3. The drive end of the first motor is connected to the non-telescopic end of the auxiliary hydraulic rod 5 through a first rotating shaft. The telescopic end of the auxiliary hydraulic rod 5 is hinged to the end of the photovoltaic shading plate 9. The drive end of the second motor is connected to the end of the reflector 2 through a second rotating shaft. The main hydraulic rod 4, the auxiliary hydraulic rod 5, the first motor, and the second motor are all connected to the main control module 10.

[0054] Furthermore, the bottom of the photovoltaic sunshade 9 is provided with a slide rail 6, which is slidably connected to the slider, and the telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod 4 is hinged to the slider; the reflector 2 is provided with a through groove 7 for the main hydraulic rod 4 to pass through, and the tilt angle of the auxiliary hydraulic rod 5 is less than 25° with the horizontal plane away from the room; the reflector 2 is one of anodized aluminum plate, white mirror aluminum plate and aluminum-plastic composite plate.

[0055] The sensing module includes an illuminance detection module 11 distributed in each zone, a human body detection module 12, and a number of people detection module 13 installed at indoor exits and entrances. All three modules are connected to the main control module 10. Specifically, the illuminance detection module 11 is a photosensor, the human body detection module 12 is an infrared sensor, and the number of people detection module 13 is an infrared counter.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] (1) The photovoltaic sunshade 9 and the reflector 2 are the main outdoor sunshade and light control components. The photovoltaic module 8 is integrated on the lightweight photovoltaic sunshade 9, and the reflector 2 can be made of lightweight reflective materials such as anodized aluminum plate or aluminum-plastic composite plate. The photovoltaic sunshade 9 is equipped with a sunshade slide rail 6.

[0058] (2) The photovoltaic sunshade 9 is connected to the sunshade shaft by bearings, and the sunshade shaft is hinged to the auxiliary hydraulic rod 5. The reflector 2 is connected to the second shaft and its rotation is controlled by the second motor.

[0059] (3) The telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod 4 is hinged to the slider in the sunshade slide rail 6 below the photovoltaic sunshade 9, and the slider is slidably connected to the slide rail 6. The rod body of the main hydraulic rod 4 passes through the through slot 7 on the reflector 2.

[0060] The main control module 10 is connected to the photosensitive sensor, infrared counter, and infrared sensor via data cable or wireless data transmission. The main control module 10 directly controls the indoor lighting fixtures in different zones of the lighting system.

[0061] The photovoltaic dynamic light control system is mainly divided into two parts: an outdoor shading system and an indoor light control system.

[0062] (4) The outdoor shading system consists of two parts: a shading panel adjustment system and a reflector adjustment system. The main control module 10 presets the shading angle adjustment time, the position and angle of the photovoltaic shading panel 9, and the angle of the reflector 2, allowing the photovoltaic shading panel 9 and reflector 2 to adapt to the seasons, including changing their angles once each in summer and winter. When the preset angle adjustment time is reached, the auxiliary hydraulic rod 5 first adjusts the position of the shading panel's rotating shaft by rotating and extending, and then the main hydraulic rod 4, with a fixed angle, adjusts the shading angle of the photovoltaic shading panel 9 by extending and retracting in conjunction with the slide rail 6 and the slider. Finally, the second motor is controlled to control the angle of the reflector 2.

[0063] The indoor lighting control system uses the main control module 10 as the calculation and control center. It detects the illuminance of the area through a photosensitive sensor and compares it with a preset threshold. It also detects whether there is user activity in the area through an infrared sensor. Only when a user is active in the area and the illuminance value is lower than the preset threshold can the lights in that area be turned on. The system uses an infrared counter to calculate the number of people in the room and uses this as the basis for selecting the number of lighting areas to be turned on for intelligent lighting control.

[0064] (5) Model Setup

[0065] During the simulation, the lighting quality of a single classroom space was analyzed and calculated. The optimization target values ​​were three indicators: UDI (the proportion of daylight time that meets human needs), UOD (the uniformity of indoor illuminance), and DGP (the probability of glare). The lighting of the north-side doors and windows of the classroom was not considered, so as to study the effect of the photovoltaic sunshade 9 and reflector 2 on the south side.

[0066] Create a standard classroom model with a width of 12000mm, a depth of 7800mm, a floor height of 4290mm, and column dimensions of 500mm x 500mm. The windowsill height is 900mm, the windowsill width is 200mm, the window width is 4800mm, and reflector 2 is located 750mm below the upper window sill. Reflectivity of reflector 2 is set to 0.90, the material is white mirrored aluminum plate, and the tilt angle is 0°. The wall diffuse reflectivity is set to 0.93, and the window transmittance is set to 0.85.

[0067] (6) Performance simulation

[0068] The study used Ladybug and Honeybee as simulation software. By importing and analyzing weather data, it used plugins such as Energyplus, Radiance, and Openstuido to simulate building energy consumption and daylighting.

[0069] The performance of the shading system was optimized using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithms. The optimization software used was Wallacei, a multi-objective optimization algorithm plugin based on Grasshopper. Wallacei primarily uses genetic algorithms to optimize the fitness values ​​(UDI, UOD, and DGP). This multi-objective optimization algorithm allows parameters to simultaneously satisfy multiple objective optimization conditions. Specifically:

[0070] 1) Photovoltaic sunshade panel operating conditions 9

[0071] Based on the horizontally positioned photovoltaic sunshade 9, the width of the photovoltaic sunshade 9, the horizontal distance between the photovoltaic sunshade pivot and the upper edge of the window frame, and the vertical distance between the photovoltaic sunshade pivot and the upper edge of the window frame are set as parameters. The tilt angle adopts the optimal power generation angle (13.50° or 41.14°) according to the working conditions. In order to make the optimization results conform to reality, the width range of the photovoltaic sunshade 9 is set to 0.2~2.4m, the height of the photovoltaic sunshade pivot from the window frame is set to 0~1.0m, the horizontal distance of the photovoltaic sunshade pivot from the window frame is set to 0~1.0m, the width of the reflector 2 is set to 0~1.5m, and the angle of the reflector 2 is set to -15°~15°. When the angle is positive, the reflector 2 rotates counterclockwise around the pivot from the west viewpoint, and when it is negative, it rotates counterclockwise.

[0072] 2) UDI Calculation

[0073] Import the model into Honeybee, set a 500mm×500mm sensor grid with a calculation surface at a height of 750mm above the ground, import local EPW meteorological data, and use the HBAnuual Daylight calculator for calculation. Set the effective illuminance range to 450~2000lx, calculate the indoor UDI of the building by statistically analyzing the proportion of time that the illuminance is met at each measuring point during a year of use, and sum the data from each measuring point and calculate the average value as the indoor average effective illuminance value. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] In equation (1): U UDI For UDI optimization objectives, %; D i Let be the UDI value of the i-th measuring point, %; N is the total number of measuring points.

[0076] 3) UOD Calculation

[0077] Similarly, a 500mm×500mm sensor grid was constructed with a height of 750mm above the ground as the calculation surface. The sky conditions and model were input into the HB PIT grid calculator for calculation to obtain the illuminance values ​​at each sensor. The average value was then calculated, and the minimum illuminance value was divided by the average value to obtain the indoor UOD. The UOD at noon on the summer solstice or winter solstice was selected as the optimization target value.

[0078] 4) DGP calculation

[0079] A sensor grid of 500mm × 500mm pixels, 750mm above the ground, was constructed as the computational surface in the model. Meteorological data was imported into the HB Imageless Annual Glare calculator to calculate the DGP (Damage Per GP). The average annual glare probability at each measuring point was calculated, and the maximum value was taken from the data at each point as the optimization target value. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] In equation (2): U DGP Optimize the target value for DGP, %; P in is the nth value of the i-th measurement point, %; N is the total number of data points per measurement point.

[0082] (7) Performance optimization

[0083] Taking a university classroom in Hefei as an example, the optimal position and size of the photovoltaic sunshade 9 and reflector 2 were explored by setting different operating conditions, aiming to prove the effectiveness of the dynamic lighting system. To cover common operating scenarios in practical applications, the system is divided into summer and winter conditions.

[0084] The experiment used the indoor UDI, DGP, and UOD values ​​as optimization targets, the optimal seasonal power generation angle of the photovoltaic sunshade 9 as a constraint, and the width of the photovoltaic sunshade 9, the distance and height of the photovoltaic sunshade pivot extending out of the window frame, and the size and angle of the reflector 2 as genes. The Wallacei plugin and genetic algorithm were used to optimize the indoor lighting conditions. Five individuals were generated in each generation, and a total of twenty generations were calculated.

[0085] 1) Optimization results for summer operating conditions

[0086] Taking the summer solstice as an example, due to the high solar altitude angle in summer, the optimal shading angle is relatively small. Therefore, the optimal photovoltaic power generation angle of 13.50° is used as a constraint in the calculation. The mean curve of the optimization process is shown below. Figure 10 As shown. After optimization, the optimal photovoltaic sunshade 9 has a width of 2380mm, a rotation axis extension distance of 584mm, and is 292mm higher than the top edge of the window; the reflector 2 has a width of 1069mm and an angle of 10.2° counterclockwise. After overall optimization, UDI is 80.78, DGP is 20.83, and UOD is 29.08.

[0087] 2) Optimization results for winter operating conditions

[0088] Taking the winter solstice as an example, due to the lower solar altitude angle in winter, the optimal shading angle is larger. The optimal photovoltaic power generation angle of 41.14° is used as a constraint in the calculation. The mean curve of the optimization process is shown below. Figure 11 As shown. After optimization, the optimal sunshade width was determined to be 2320mm, with a rotation axis extension distance of 672mm, extending 198mm above the top edge of the window; reflector 2 had a width of 484mm and an angle of 10.5° counterclockwise. After overall optimization, UDI was 83.91, DGP was 20.23, and UOD was 23.44.

[0089] 3) Discussion of Results

[0090] Based on the optimized parameters and trends of the sunshade, in order to achieve better indoor light environment quality, under summer conditions, the width of the sunshade tends to increase, extending approximately 600mm beyond the window frame and approximately 300mm above the top edge of the window frame for optimal results. The width of reflector 2 also tends to increase, with an optimal angle of approximately -10.2°. Under winter conditions, the optimal width of the sunshade is approximately 2320mm, extending approximately 670mm beyond the window frame and approximately 200mm above the top edge of the window frame for optimal results. The optimal width of reflector 2 is approximately 500mm, with an optimal angle of approximately -10.5°.

[0091] (8) Comparative Analysis

[0092] The optimized facade daylighting system was used to simulate UOD on the summer solstice or winter solstice, and UDI and DGP simulations were performed on data from the entire year. The results were compared with a blank control group, such as... Figure 12 As shown in Table 1, the optimized facade lighting system significantly outperformed the classroom space without any shading measures in both summer and winter conditions in terms of UOD, DGP, and UDI. UOD increased by approximately 5% at any given time, DGP decreased by approximately 13.5%, and UDI increased by approximately 16%. Comparing the optimization results between summer and winter, the summer optimization showed a greater improvement in UOD, while the optimization results for DGP were similar, and the winter optimization showed a greater improvement in UDI.

[0093] Table 1 Comparison of DGP and UDI before and after optimization

[0094] DGP UDI control group 34.06％ 64.99％ Summer Optimization Group 20.83％ 80.78％ Winter Optimization Group 20.23％ 83.91％

[0095] This invention's outdoor sunshade system can be directly installed on the exterior wall using screws, etc., which facilitates the modification of exterior windows and eliminates the need for pre-drilled holes in the wall; it satisfies the function while ensuring low cost; and it can adapt to changes in natural sunlight in different seasons and regions.

[0096] The indoor lighting control system of this invention can realize activity monitoring and lighting control in large spaces with multiple lighting zones, can perform fine control of indoor lighting, and is more energy-efficient; it can also be directly installed indoors, which is convenient for lighting system renovation; it can adapt to the renovation of lighting systems of various spatial scales and various spatial uses.

[0097] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for coordinated indoor and outdoor operation, characterized in that: The system includes an outdoor shading system installed where outdoor light enters the room and an indoor light control system installed inside the room. The outdoor shading system consists of a shading plate adjustment system (1) and a reflector adjustment system. The shading plate adjustment system (1) includes a photovoltaic shading plate (9) and a photovoltaic module (8) integrated on the photovoltaic shading plate (9). The reflector adjustment system includes a reflector (2) that introduces light into the indoor ceiling. The indoor light control system includes a main control module (10), a sensing module, and an action module. The sensing module and the action module are both connected to the main control module (10). The main control module (10) is connected to indoor lighting fixtures.

2. The near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor collaborative operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic sunshade (9), photovoltaic module (8) and reflector (2) can all rotate in the vertical direction; the reflector (2) is located below the photovoltaic sunshade (9).

3. A near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor collaborative operation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outdoor shading system also includes a mounting frame (3) and an adjustment assembly mounted on the mounting frame (3). The adjustment assembly includes a main hydraulic rod (4) and a secondary hydraulic rod (5). The non-telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod (4) is fixed on the mounting frame (3), and the telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod (4) is hinged to the photovoltaic shading plate (9). A first motor and a second motor are mounted on the mounting frame (3). The drive end of the first motor is connected to the non-telescopic end of the secondary hydraulic rod (5) through a first rotating shaft. The telescopic end of the secondary hydraulic rod (5) is hinged to the end of the photovoltaic shading plate (9) through the photovoltaic shading plate rotating shaft. The drive end of the second motor is connected to the end of the reflector (2) through a second rotating shaft. The main hydraulic rod (4), the secondary hydraulic rod (5), the first motor, and the second motor are all connected to the main control module (10).

4. The near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor collaborative operation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the photovoltaic sunshade (9) is provided with a slide rail (6), which is slidably connected to the slider. The telescopic end of the main hydraulic rod (4) is hinged to the slider. The reflector (2) is provided with a through groove (7) for the main hydraulic rod (4) to pass through. The angle between the auxiliary hydraulic rod (5) and the horizontal plane away from the room is less than 25°. The reflector (2) is one of anodized aluminum plate, white mirror aluminum plate and aluminum-plastic composite plate.

5. The near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor collaborative operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing module includes an illuminance detection module (11) distributed in each zone, a human body detection module (12) and a number of people detection module (13) installed at the indoor exit and entrance. The illuminance detection module (11), the human body detection module (12) and the number of people detection module (13) are all connected to the main control module (10).

6. The near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for coordinated indoor and outdoor operation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The illuminance detection module (11) is a photosensitive sensor, the human body sensing detection module (12) is an infrared sensor, and the number of people detection module (13) is an infrared counter.

7. A near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for coordinated indoor and outdoor operation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The outdoor shading system includes several parameters, namely the relative position of the photovoltaic shading panel (9), the angle of the reflector (2), the width of the photovoltaic shading panel (9), and the width of the reflector (2); the method for determining the parameters of the outdoor shading system is as follows: S1. Create a standard building model; S2. Import weather data into the simulation software, analyze the weather data, and then conduct building energy consumption and daylighting simulation. S3. Use a genetic algorithm to optimize the target value of the outdoor shading system and obtain the determined values ​​of the outdoor shading system parameters.

8. The near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for coordinated indoor and outdoor operation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the operating conditions of the photovoltaic shading panel (9) are input into the simulation software. The operating conditions are as follows: Based on the horizontally positioned photovoltaic sunshade (9), the width of the photovoltaic sunshade (9), the horizontal distance between the photovoltaic sunshade pivot and the upper edge of the window frame, and the vertical distance between the photovoltaic sunshade pivot and the upper edge of the window frame are set as parameters. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic sunshade (9) is adopted according to the working conditions to select the optimal power generation angle. The width of the photovoltaic sunshade (9) is 0.2 to 2.4 m, the height of the photovoltaic sunshade pivot from the window frame is 0 to 1.0 m, and the horizontal distance of the photovoltaic sunshade pivot from the window frame is 0 to 1.0 m. The width of the reflector (2) is 0 to 1.5 m, and the angle of the reflector (2) is -15° to 15°.

9. A near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for coordinated indoor and outdoor operation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The optimal power generation angle is 13.50° or 41.14°.

10. A near-zero energy consumption photovoltaic dynamic light control system for indoor and outdoor collaborative operation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The target values ​​optimized in step S3 include UDI, UOD, and DGP; The calculation method for UDI is as follows: The model is imported into Honeybee, and a 500mm × 500mm sensor grid is set at a height of 750mm above the ground as the calculation surface. EPW meteorological data for the local area is imported, and the HB Annual Daylight calculator is used for calculation. The effective illuminance range is set to 450–2000 lx. The UDI of the building's interior is calculated by statistically analyzing the proportion of time during which the illuminance meets this range within a year of use at each measuring point. The data from each measuring point are accumulated, and the average value is calculated as the average effective illuminance value of the building's interior. The calculation formula is as follows: In equation (1): U UDI Optimize the target value for UDI, %; D i The value of UDI at the i-th measuring point is %, and N is the total number of measuring points. The calculation method of UOD is as follows: Similarly, a sensor grid is set up with a 500mm×500mm surface at a height of 750mm above the ground. The sky conditions and model are input into the HB PIT grid calculator for calculation to obtain the illuminance value at each sensor. After obtaining the average value, the minimum illuminance value is divided by the average value to obtain the indoor UOD of the building. The UOD at noon on the summer solstice or winter solstice is selected as the optimization target value. The DGP calculation method is as follows: A sensor grid of 500mm × 500mm is constructed in the model, with a height of 750mm above the ground, as the calculation surface. Meteorological data is imported into the HB Imageless Annual Glare calculator to calculate the DGP. The average annual glare probability at each measuring point is calculated, and the maximum value is taken from the data at each point as the optimization target value. The calculation formula is as follows: In equation (2): U DGP Optimize the target value for DGP, %; P in is the nth value of the i-th measurement point, %; N is the total number of data points per measurement point.

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