Method, device and equipment for calculating temperature field of tall tower drum and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-rise tower temperature field calculation method and device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of building structure health monitoring, and the high-rise tower temperature field calculation method comprises the steps: building a radiation model of a tower and radiation heat exchange data of the tower according to structural parameters of the tower; acquiring real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; determining wind field distribution data of the structural surface of the tower drum according to the real-time meteorological data; according to the wind field distribution data, convective heat transfer data of the tower drum are determined; determining radiation intensity data and radiation angle data of the sun according to the real-time meteorological data and the historical meteorological tree; and according to the radiation model, the radiation heat exchange data, the convective heat exchange data, the radiation intensity data and the radiation angle data, determining temperature distribution data of the tower. According to the invention, the accuracy of thermal analysis of the tower drum is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of building structural health monitoring, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for calculating the temperature field of tall towers. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of global climate change, new energy sources, represented by wind power, are booming, and more and more wind turbines are being put into operation. The supporting tower, as a large and tall structure, is significantly affected by temperature. Temperature changes can cause variations in the tower's material properties and thermal expansion and contraction, leading to structural deformation, stress, strain, and support reactions under the constraints of boundaries and connections between components. This temperature-related effect can cause structural temperature defects, significantly impacting the structure's safety and durability. Therefore, accurately obtaining the temperature field distribution of tall towers is of great significance for practical engineering.

[0003] Traditional methods of obtaining structural temperature rely heavily on on-site measurements. However, real-time temperature monitoring based on structural health monitoring systems is characterized by high cost, long processing time, and low analysis efficiency. Furthermore, sensors may malfunction, be damaged, or be lost within their service life, which cannot meet the engineering analysis needs of most tower structures and the requirement for long-term stable data acquisition.

[0004] With the rapid development and popularization of computer technology, the finite element method has quickly expanded from structural engineering strength analysis to almost all scientific and technological fields, becoming a diverse, widely used, and highly efficient numerical analysis method. The finite element analysis method simplifies complex engineering problems by discretizing continuous structures, greatly improving efficiency and reducing costs. Ansys, a globally renowned finite element analysis software, possesses powerful fluid and thermal analysis capabilities and is widely used in structural analysis under multiphysics coupling.

[0005] Existing finite element thermal analysis methods often neglect the influence of surface wind speed on heat transfer path and heat transfer efficiency, leading to inaccurate thermal analysis.

[0006] Therefore, improving the accuracy of thermal analysis of towers has become a pressing technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem solved by this invention is that the existing technology for thermal analysis of towers is not accurate enough.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower, comprising: establishing a radiation model of the tower and radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the structural parameters of the tower; acquiring real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; determining wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data; determining convective heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data; determining solar radiation intensity data and radiation angle data based on the real-time meteorological data and the historical meteorological data; and determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, the radiation heat transfer data, the convective heat transfer data, the radiation intensity data, and the radiation angle data.

[0009] Preferably, the structural parameters of the tower include the type of surface coating of the tower; the step of establishing the radiation model of the tower and the radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the structural parameters includes:

[0010] A tower model is established based on the structural parameters of the tower. Two-dimensional four-node thermal solid elements and higher-order three-dimensional thermal solid elements are used to simulate air in the tower model. An air ring mesh is established within the internal space of the tower model. A radiation matrix is ​​defined on the tower model, and a radiation model is established inside the air elements using superelements. The radiation heat transfer data h is determined based on the type of surface coating of the tower and a preset radiation heat transfer coefficient lookup table. r ;

[0011] The radiative heat transfer coefficient reference table includes: h when there is no treated surface. r =0.80; When the surface coating is a fluorocarbon topcoat, the white surface corresponds to h r =0.35, h corresponds to the red iron surface r =0.75, medium gray surface h r =0.80, h corresponds to light gray surface r =0.70; When the surface coating is a polyurethane topcoat, the white surface corresponds to h r =0.35, h corresponds to medium gray surface r =0.80; When the surface coating is a chlorinated rubber topcoat, the white surface corresponds to h r =0.40, h corresponding to the surface of coal ash r =0.75.

[0012] Preferably, determining the convective heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data includes: determining the convective heat transfer data based on the wind field distribution data and a preset convection coefficient.

[0013] Preferably, the real-time meteorological data further includes real-time temperature data; the step of determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, the radiative heat transfer data, the convective heat transfer data, the radiation intensity data, and the radiation angle data includes: determining the shortwave radiation data absorbed by the tower based on the radiation intensity data; determining the outward normal direction data of the structural surface of the tower based on the radiation angle data; determining the equivalent environmental temperature data based on the radiation model and the real-time temperature data; and determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the shortwave radiation data, the outward normal direction data, the equivalent environmental temperature data, the radiative heat transfer data, the convective heat transfer data, and a preset third-type thermal boundary condition temperature field equation.

[0014] Preferably, the real-time meteorological data includes real-time incoming wind speed and real-time wind direction, and the tower includes a two-dimensional circular cross-section and a three-dimensional cylindrical body.

[0015] Preferably, determining the wind field distribution data of the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data includes: determining the angle between the point of the two-dimensional circular cross-section on the surface of the tower and the real-time wind direction based on the real-time wind direction; determining a partial factor based on the angle; determining the actual wind speed v of the wind field formed at each point of the two-dimensional circular cross-section on the surface of the tower based on Formula 1, the real-time incoming wind speed y, the angle x, and the partial factor, to obtain the wind field distribution data of the two-dimensional circular cross-section; determining the reference incoming wind speed at a preset reference height based on the real-time incoming wind speed; and determining the actual wind speed v at each point of the three-dimensional cylinder based on Formula 2, the reference incoming wind speed, the reference height, and the height of each point of the three-dimensional cylinder. H The wind field distribution data of the three-dimensional cylinder is obtained; wherein,

[0016] Formula 1:

[0017] v = a1 + a2x + a3y + a4x 2 +a5xy+a6x 3 +a7x 2 y+a8x 4 +a9x 3 y,

[0018] When x is between 0° and 90°, a1 is taken as 3.42 × 10⁻⁶. -1 a2 is taken as 6.90 × 10 -3 a3 is taken as 2.06 × 10 -1 a4 is taken as 2.76 × 10 -4 a5 is taken as 8.25 × 10 -3 a6 is taken as -7.77×10 -6 a7 is taken as 6.54 × 10 -4a8 is 5.72 × 10 -8 a9 is -6.95 × 10 -6 When x is between 90° and 180°: a1 is taken as 4.88 × 10 2 a2 is -1.44 × 10 1 a3 is taken as -1.60×10 1 a4 is taken as 1.58 × 10 -1 a5 is taken as 3.71 × 10 -1 a6 is taken as -7.57×10 -4 a7 is -2.57 × 10 -3 a8 is taken as 1.34 × 10 -6 a9 is 5.60 × 10 -6 ;

[0019] Formula 2:

[0020]

[0021] ν H＝10 The wind speed is at the reference height, and α is the wind shear index, which is related to the surface roughness.

[0022] Preferably, determining the wind field distribution data of the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data further includes: establishing a two-dimensional circular cross-section wind field analysis model and a three-dimensional tower body wind field analysis model based on the structural parameters of the tower structure with a diameter of D, wherein the center of the bottom of the three-dimensional tower body is set as the origin of the coordinate system, the X-axis is consistent with the incoming flow direction, and the Y-axis is parallel to the cylindrical cross-section of the three-dimensional tower body; the design size of the calculation area is set to 40D×20D, the upstream incoming flow area is set to 10D, the downstream wake area is set to 30D, and the distance from the upper and lower boundaries is 10D; The tower model is divided into a near-field region and a far-field region. The near-field region is divided using a preset dense grid, while the far-field region is divided using a sparse grid. The inlet boundary condition of the tower is set as a velocity inlet with a horizontal flow direction, and the outlet boundary condition is set as outflow. The cylindrical wall is set using a no-slip wall shear condition, and the upper and lower walls of the computational domain are set to specified shear force conditions with zero shear force. The ambient pressure is set to standard atmospheric pressure. A turbulence model is used to simulate the wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data.

[0023] According to another aspect of this application, a temperature field calculation device for a tall tower is also provided. The device includes: a temperature field modeling module for establishing a radiation model of the tower and radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the tower's structural parameters; a data acquisition module for acquiring real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; a wind field calculation module for determining wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data; a convection heat transfer calculation module for determining convection heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data; a radiation calculation module for determining solar radiation intensity data and radiation angle data based on the real-time meteorological data and the historical meteorological tree; and a temperature field calculation module for determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, the radiation heat transfer data, the convection heat transfer data, the radiation intensity data, and the radiation angle data.

[0024] According to another aspect of this application, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for calculating the temperature field of tall towers as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0025] According to another aspect of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By determining the convective heat transfer data of the tower through wind field distribution data, establishing a radiation model of the tower through the structural parameters of the tower, and determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, radiation heat transfer data, convective heat transfer data, radiation intensity data, and radiation angle data, the thermal analysis of the tower can consider the influence of wind speed on the heat transfer path and heat transfer efficiency of the tower through convective heat transfer data, and can also consider the influence of internal radiation caused by local temperature differences on the tower structure through the radiation model, and can also consider the radiation influence caused by the movement of the sun and clouds through meteorological data, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the thermal analysis of the tower. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the basic process of a method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional wind field calculation model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional wind field distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional thermal analysis model of the thermal radiation application unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional temperature field calculation results according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional wind field distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional thermal analysis model of the thermal radiation application unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional temperature field calculation results according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of the calculation results and measured results of the temperature field calculation method for tall towers according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0037] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower is provided, comprising:

[0038] S110, establish the radiation model of the tower and the radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the structural parameters of the tower;

[0039] S120, acquires real-time and historical meteorological data;

[0040] S130, determines the wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower based on real-time meteorological data;

[0041] S140, determine the convective heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data;

[0042] S150 determines solar radiation intensity and radiation angle data based on real-time meteorological data and historical weather trees;

[0043] S160 determines the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, radiation heat transfer data, convection heat transfer data, radiation intensity data, and radiation angle data.

[0044] The structural parameters of the tower include the type of surface coating of the tower; S110 includes: establishing a tower model based on the structural parameters of the tower; using two-dimensional four-node thermal solid elements and high-order three-dimensional thermal solid elements to simulate air in the tower model; establishing an air ring mesh in the internal space of the tower model; defining a radiation matrix on the tower model and establishing a radiation model inside the air element through super elements; determining the radiation heat transfer data based on the type of surface coating of the tower and a preset radiation heat transfer coefficient comparison table.

[0045] Preferably, S140 includes: determining convective heat transfer data based on wind field distribution data and a preset convection coefficient.

[0046] Preferably, the real-time meteorological data also includes real-time temperature data; S160 includes: determining the shortwave radiation data absorbed by the tower based on the radiation intensity data; determining the outward normal direction data of the structural surface of the tower based on the radiation angle data; determining the equivalent environmental temperature data based on the radiation model and the real-time temperature data; and determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the shortwave radiation data, the outward normal direction data, the equivalent environmental temperature data, the radiation heat transfer data, the convection heat transfer data, and the preset third-type thermal boundary condition temperature field equation.

[0047] Preferably, the real-time meteorological data includes real-time incoming wind speed and real-time wind direction, and the tower includes a two-dimensional circular cross-section and a three-dimensional cylinder.

[0048] Preferably, S130 includes: determining the angle between the point of the two-dimensional circular cross-section on the surface of the tower and the real-time wind direction based on the real-time wind direction; determining the partial factor based on the angle; determining the actual wind speed of the wind field formed at each point of the two-dimensional circular cross-section on the surface of the tower based on the real-time incoming wind speed, the angle, and the partial factor, thereby obtaining wind field distribution data of the two-dimensional circular cross-section; determining the reference incoming wind speed at a preset reference height based on the real-time incoming wind speed; and determining the actual wind speed at each point of the three-dimensional cylinder based on the reference incoming wind speed, the reference height, and the height of each point of the three-dimensional cylinder, thereby obtaining wind field distribution data of the three-dimensional cylinder.

[0049] Preferably, S130 further includes: establishing a two-dimensional circular cross-section wind field analysis model and a three-dimensional cylinder wind field analysis model for the tower structure with a diameter of D based on the tower's structural parameters, wherein the center of the bottom of the three-dimensional cylinder is set as the origin of the coordinate system, the X-axis is consistent with the incoming flow direction, and the Y-axis is parallel to the cylindrical cross-section of the three-dimensional cylinder; setting the design size of the calculation region to 40D×20D, setting the upstream incoming flow region to 10D, the downstream wake region to 30D, and the distance from the upper and lower boundaries to 10D respectively; dividing the tower model into a near-field region and a far-field region; using a preset dense grid to divide the near-field region and a sparse grid to divide the far-field region; setting the inlet boundary condition of the tower to a velocity inlet, the flow direction to horizontal, and the outlet boundary condition to outflow; setting the cylindrical wall through a no-slip wall shear condition; setting the upper and lower walls of the calculation domain to specified shear force conditions, and setting the shear force to zero; setting the ambient pressure to standard atmospheric pressure; and using a turbulence model to simulate the wind field distribution data of the tower's structural surface based on real-time meteorological data.

[0050] Specifically, the basic information on the tower's dimensions and materials, i.e., structural parameters, is obtained by referring to the original design and construction data; meteorological data is monitored on-site at the tower structure site to obtain meteorological data for the tower structure's operation; the collected meteorological data is adjusted, abnormal data is eliminated, and the adjusted meteorological data is used as alternative parameters.

[0051] The structural parameters used to build the model in this embodiment are derived from the design data of an onshore wind turbine tower and foundation in South China from a design institute. The structural parameters in this embodiment include, but are not limited to, the tower height, inner diameter, outer diameter, elastic modulus, density, Poisson's ratio, surface coating type and thickness of the material. Basic meteorological parameters are monitored on-site at the tower structure to obtain meteorological data of the tower structure's working environment. The meteorological data in this embodiment includes six parameters: zenith angle, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and total cloud cover.

[0052] In this embodiment, the zenith angle γ can be calculated based on the site's geographical information, using the following formula:

[0053] sinδ=0.39795cos[0.98563(N-173) / 180*pi];

[0054] ω = 15 × (ST - 12);

[0055]

[0056] γ=90°-arcsin(sinh s );

[0057] Where h sδ is the solar altitude angle; δ is the solar declination angle, which is the angle between the sun's rays and the Earth's surface; N is the day number, which is the number of days since January 1st of that year; ω is the solar hour angle; ST is the local time. The latitude of the observation location;

[0058] Among them, v H Let H be the wind speed at height H, and α be the wind shear index, which is related to the surface roughness.

[0059] The collected meteorological data is adjusted, and abnormal data is removed. The adjusted meteorological data is used as the alternative parameter. In this embodiment, the collected meteorological data needs to be judged based on the 3σ criterion to identify abnormal data points. Data points exceeding 3 standard deviations are considered to be abnormal points.

[0060] The distribution of the local wind field on the structure is calculated to obtain the wind speed distribution at different angles and heights on the structure surface; the following two calculation methods can be used:

[0061] Method 1: Based on research, this invention proposes a simplified formula for the wind field of a two-dimensional circular cross-section and a three-dimensional cylinder. Based on this formula, the wind field distribution on the surface of the structure can be quickly determined.

[0062] Let the actual wind speed at each point on the surface be v, the angle between the wind speed and the wind direction be x, and the incoming wind speed be y. The simplified formula described in Method 1 for wind field calculation is as follows:

[0063] For a two-dimensional circular cross section, we have:

[0064] v = a1 + a2x + a3y + a4x 2 +a5xy+a6x 3 +a7x 2 y+a8x 4 +a9x 3 y; where the values ​​of the coefficients can be found in Table 1 below.

[0065] Table 1: Coefficient values ​​corresponding to different angle intervals

[0066]

[0067] Furthermore, for a three-dimensional cylindrical tower, considering the effect of the wind profile in the height direction, and taking the wind speed at a height of 10m as the benchmark, the calculation is performed according to the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Method 2: Based on the tower dimensions and material parameters, establish accurate two-dimensional cross-section and three-dimensional wind field analysis models of the tower in Ansys' Fluent module; assign material parameters and divide the unit mesh; set the boundary conditions and simulation methods for fluid simulation, and calculate the wind speed distribution at different angles and positions of the structure under the action of incoming wind. That is, a two-dimensional cross-sectional model and a three-dimensional cylindrical structure model of a tower structure with a diameter of D are established respectively. The center of the bottom of the cylinder is the origin of the coordinate system, the X-axis is consistent with the incoming flow direction, and the Y-axis is parallel to the cross-section of the cylinder. The design size of the computational domain is set to 40D×20D, the upstream incoming flow region is 10D, the downstream wake region is 30D, and the distance from the upper and lower boundaries is 10D. The model is meshed using an unstructured method. Dense mesh is used to divide the near-field region to improve simulation accuracy, and sparse mesh is used to divide the far-field region to improve overall simulation efficiency. The boundary conditions are set as follows: the inlet boundary condition is velocity-inlet with horizontal flow direction, and the outlet boundary condition is set to outflow to allow free flow of fluid. The cylinder wall adopts a no-slip wall shear condition, and the upper and lower walls of the computational domain are set to specified shear force conditions with zero shear force. The ambient pressure is set to standard atmospheric pressure, and the LES turbulence model (large eddy simulation) is selected, which is suitable for capturing large-scale turbulence characteristics and providing more refined flow field information.

[0070] Specifically, it includes:

[0071] (1) As Figure 2 As shown, based on the tower dimensions and material parameters, accurate two-dimensional cross-section and three-dimensional wind field analysis models of the tower are established in Ansys' Fluent module.

[0072] (2) Establish a two-dimensional cross-sectional model of the tower structure with a diameter of D = 4.7m and a three-dimensional cylindrical structure model with a height of 90m. The center of the bottom of the cylinder is the origin of the coordinate system, the X-axis is consistent with the direction of the incoming flow, and the Y-axis is parallel to the cross-section of the cylinder.

[0073] (3) The design size of the computational region is set to 40D×20D, the upstream inflow region of the model is 10D, the downstream wake region is 30D, and the distance from the upper and lower boundaries is 10D;

[0074] (4) Based on this, set the boundary conditions and simulation methods for fluid simulation;

[0075] The boundary conditions and simulation method settings for fluid simulation in this embodiment are shown in Table 2 below:

[0076] Table 2:

[0077]

[0078] In this embodiment, the wind speed distribution at different angles and positions of the structure under the influence of incoming wind is calculated based on the two methods described above, i.e., the local wind field characteristics of the structure, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown.

[0079] The radiative heat transfer coefficient for thermal analysis was selected based on the type of surface coating on the cylinder; the convective heat transfer coefficient for thermal analysis was calculated based on the calculation results of the local wind field; considering the changes in radiation intensity and angle over a 24-hour period due to sunrise and sunset and cloud cover, the distribution of these changes was calculated; an accurate thermal radiation analysis model was established in the structural analysis module of Ansys; and appropriate element types and element meshing methods were selected to ensure accuracy while improving computational efficiency. Figure 7 As shown; in this embodiment, to simulate the influence of internal temperature differences on the structural temperature field, thermal radiation elements are applied inside the structure in the thermal analysis model, such as... Figure 4 As shown; combining the above-mentioned radiative heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and changes in radiation intensity and angle, a third type of thermal boundary condition is applied to the thermal analysis model to accurately simulate the heat transfer mechanism and path of the tower under the action of a wind field. The temperature distribution of the two-dimensional cross-section and the three-dimensional cylinder of the tower structure is calculated, as shown. Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown.

[0080] Based on the above-mentioned radiative heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and variations in radiation intensity and angle, a third type of thermal boundary condition is applied to the thermal analysis model to accurately simulate the heat transfer mechanism and path of the tower under the influence of a wind field. The temperature distribution of the two-dimensional cross-section and the three-dimensional cylinder of the tower structure is calculated. Furthermore, the equations for solving the temperature field under the third type of thermal boundary condition are as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula: k is the thermal conductivity of the material, a physical property parameter used to reflect the material's thermal conductivity; n x n y The cosine of the outward normal to the structural surface is used to define the surface orientation and affects the direction of heat transfer; T a It refers to the ambient temperature; T s It is the structural temperature; T sa It is the overall ambient temperature, used to integrate the overall convective ambient temperature (T). a The equivalent temperature of the radiation environment temperature effect; q is the shortwave radiation absorbed by the structure; h r It is the radiative heat transfer coefficient based on the type of surface coating, which integrates surface emissivity, absorptivity, and ambient radiation to characterize radiative heat transfer capability; h cIt is the convective heat transfer coefficient based on the wind speed at the surface of the structure, which depends on the fluid velocity, physical properties, etc., and characterizes the surface convective heat transfer efficiency; T is the surface temperature of the structure, which is the quantity to be solved; x and y are the directions.

[0083] Radiative heat transfer data h r Provided directly from radiative heat transfer data, which includes: the emissivity (ε) and absorptivity (α) of the surface coating and the sky background temperature (radiative environment), hr = εσ(T 2 +T sky 2 (T+T) sky ), where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

[0084] The radiation intensity data corresponds to q (shortwave radiation), which is represented in the boundary conditions as: q = α·I solar (I solar (This refers to solar radiation intensity).

[0085] Surface normal direction (n) x ,n y It is indirectly affected by radiation angle data (such as solar azimuth / altitude angle).

[0086] The direction of the normal determines the solar radiation incident angle (which affects the actual absorbed shortwave radiation q) and the apparent factor between the surface and the sky / environment (which affects the radiative heat transfer efficiency).

[0087] Radiation models are used to represent ambient temperature (T) a Coupled with the radiation field, it generates the overall environmental temperature T. sa For example: T sa =T a +εΔR\h c (ΔR is the net radiative heat flux, which needs to be calculated using a radiation model).

[0088] Furthermore, the radiative heat transfer coefficient h based on the type of surface coating... r The calculation formula is as follows: h r =ξC s (T s +T a +2T k )·[(T s +T k ) 2 +(T a +T k ) 2 ];

[0089] In the formula, ξ is the emissivity of the material, and T a It refers to the ambient temperature; T s It is the structural temperature.

[0090] Radiative heat transfer coefficient h r Used to measure the efficiency of heat transfer between a structural surface and its environment via thermal radiation, measured in W / (m²). 2 The larger the value of K, the stronger the radiative heat dissipation capacity (e.g., dark coatings heat up quickly but also dissipate heat quickly).

[0091] The emissivity ξ of a material represents its ability to release energy in the form of thermal radiation. Its value ranges from 0 (perfect reflector) to 1 (ideal blackbody). Engineering examples: Smooth aluminum plate: ξ≈0.05 (reflects most of the heat); Rusty steel plate: ξ≈0.85 (efficiently absorbs and radiates heat).

[0092] Stefan-Boltzmann constant × conversion factor C s This is a fundamental physical constant of thermal radiation, representing the rate of radiative energy transfer in a vacuum. Its value is 5.67 × 10⁻⁶. -8 W / (m 2 ·K 4 This is used to transform the fourth power relationship of temperature into a simplified form that can be linearly processed in engineering.

[0093] Structural surface temperature T s The unit is K (Kelvin). The higher the temperature of the structure itself, the more heat it radiates outward (in summer, the surface of a steel tower can reach 60℃≈333K).

[0094] Ambient temperature T a This refers to the air temperature away from the structure (the air that is heated outside the structure).

[0095] Equivalent radiation characteristic temperature T k Intermediate variables introduced to simplify calculations are combined with temperature product terms.

[0096] In particular, the radiation heat transfer coefficient of steel structures under different surface coatings in actual engineering can be taken from the values ​​in Table 3 below.

[0097] Table 3: Values ​​of radiative heat transfer coefficients for each coating type

[0098]

[0099] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient hc at different wind speeds in a local wind field is as follows:

[0100] h c =11.42 + 4.23v;

[0101] In the formula h c denoted as convective heat transfer coefficient, and v as local wind speed.

[0102] Furthermore, an accurate thermal radiation analysis model was established in the structural analysis module of Ansys. Appropriate element types and meshing methods were selected to ensure accuracy while improving computational efficiency. Specifically, this included: using two-dimensional four-node PLANE55 thermal solid elements and high-order three-dimensional SOLID90 thermal solid elements to simulate air in the thermal analysis model; simplifying the calculation model by applying a high-resolution air ring mesh with a wall thickness five times that of the tower inside, replacing the completely filled air elements, thus ensuring computational accuracy while improving computational efficiency; defining the radiation matrix using the / AUX12 command in ANSYS and establishing a radiation model inside the air elements using the MATRIX50 super-element to more comprehensively simulate heat exchange; and further, applying different radiation angles and intensities over a 24-hour period to simulate the rising and setting of the sun and cloud cover.

[0103] The comparison diagram of the simulation method based on the present invention and the actual monitored temperature in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the accuracy of temperature field simulation is significantly improved after considering wind field characteristics. The absolute temperature difference between the measured and simulated values ​​at the four measuring points at each time point is below 0.5℃ during the day and below 0.2℃ in the early morning or at night. The relative temperature difference range is 1.16%, which meets the requirements of actual engineering.

[0104] In summary, this invention first obtains the basic information on the tower's dimensions and materials, i.e., structural parameters, by referring to the original design and construction data. Meteorological data is monitored on-site at the tower structure site to obtain operational meteorological data. The collected meteorological data is then adjusted, and abnormal data is removed. The adjusted meteorological data serves as alternative parameters. The wind field distribution is calculated based on the proposed simplified wind field formula or Fluent software. The convective heat transfer coefficient is calculated as the thermal boundary condition in the tower's temperature field calculation. Furthermore, an accurate thermal radiation analysis model is established in Ansys' structural analysis module. Appropriate element types and element partitioning methods are selected to create the mesh, ensuring accuracy while improving computational efficiency. The radiative heat transfer coefficient is calculated based on the surface coating of the tower body. A third type of boundary condition, considering local wind field characteristics, is applied to accurately simulate the heat transfer mechanism and path of the tower under wind conditions. Finally, considering the changes in radiation intensity and angle caused by sunrise and sunset and cloud cover throughout the day, corresponding boundary conditions are applied to obtain the two-dimensional cross-section and three-dimensional temperature distribution of the tower structure. The method provided by this invention enables the input of site meteorological parameters, rapid acquisition of structural temperature data, and high prediction accuracy, thus possessing strong engineering applicability.

[0105] The method provided in this invention establishes an accurate numerical analysis model of heat transfer in a tower using Ansys, enabling precise prediction of local wind field distribution in two-dimensional tower cross-sections and three-dimensional tower structures in actual engineering projects, and further analysis of the temperature field distribution of tall towers. Compared to traditional monitoring methods, this method offers high computational accuracy, low cost, and strong operability, making it suitable for widespread application in engineering projects. Based on the Fluent module, this invention calculates the wind field distribution characteristics of the tower structure, and then calculates the convective heat transfer coefficient. The type of coating on the tower surface is used to select the radiative heat transfer coefficient, which serves as the thermal boundary condition for heat transfer simulation, resulting in more accurate simulation of the heat transfer mechanism and path. The simplified thermal analysis model provided in this invention significantly improves computational efficiency while maintaining computational accuracy. The thermal analysis model with applied thermal radiation elements fully considers the internal structure of the tower. The influence of air temperature difference and heat transfer makes the analysis model more closely resemble actual working conditions. Compared with traditional methods based on finite element analysis and interactive programming software to calculate the temperature field, the method provided by this invention can shorten the calculation time, reduce memory usage, and improve calculation efficiency, thus having good engineering applicability. By combining the above method with the influence of surface wind speed on heat transfer path and heat transfer efficiency, the accuracy of thermal analysis can be improved. Furthermore, while considering the influence of external radiation (solar radiation) on the structural temperature field, the influence of internal radiation caused by local temperature differences within the structure is further considered based on the radiation model, thereby further improving the accuracy of thermal analysis.

[0106] This application embodiment determines the convective heat transfer data of the tower through wind field distribution data, establishes a radiation model of the tower through the structural parameters of the tower, and determines the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, radiation heat transfer data, convective heat transfer data, radiation intensity data, and radiation angle data. This allows the thermal analysis of the tower to consider the influence of wind speed on the heat transfer path and heat transfer efficiency of the tower through convective heat transfer data, and also consider the influence of internal radiation caused by local temperature differences on the tower structure through the radiation model. Furthermore, it can consider the radiation influence caused by the movement of the sun and clouds through meteorological data, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of the thermal analysis of the tower.

[0107] On the other hand, a temperature field calculation device for a tall tower is also provided. The device includes: a temperature field modeling module for establishing a radiation model of the tower and radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the structural parameters of the tower; a data acquisition module for acquiring real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; a wind field calculation module for determining the wind field distribution data of the structural surface of the tower based on real-time meteorological data; a convection heat transfer calculation module for determining the convection heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data; a radiation calculation module for determining the solar radiation intensity data and radiation angle data based on real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; and a temperature field calculation module for determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, radiation heat transfer data, convection heat transfer data, radiation intensity data, and radiation angle data.

[0108] On the other hand, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0109] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media containing computer-usable program code. The storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Red-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0111] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower, characterized in that, include: A radiation model of the tower and radiation heat transfer data of the tower are established based on the structural parameters of the tower. Obtain real-time and historical weather data; The wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower is determined based on the real-time meteorological data; The convective heat transfer data of the tower are determined based on the wind field distribution data; The solar radiation intensity and radiation angle data are determined based on the real-time meteorological data and the historical meteorological tree. The temperature distribution data of the tower is determined based on the radiation model, the radiation heat transfer data, the convection heat transfer data, the radiation intensity data, and the radiation angle data.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The structural parameters of the tower include the type of surface coating of the tower; The process of establishing the radiation model of the tower and the radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the tower's structural parameters includes: A tower model is established based on the structural parameters of the tower. In the tower model, two-dimensional four-node thermal solid elements and higher-order three-dimensional thermal solid elements are used to simulate air. An air ring grid is established inside the tower of the tower model; A radiation matrix is ​​defined on the tower model, and a radiation model is established inside the air element through a super element; The radiation heat transfer data h is determined based on the type of surface coating of the tower and a preset radiation heat transfer coefficient comparison table. r ; The radiative heat transfer coefficient reference table includes: h when there is no treated surface. r =0.80; When the surface coating is a fluorocarbon topcoat, the white surface corresponds to h r =0.35, h corresponds to the red iron surface r =0.75, medium gray surface h r =0.80, h corresponds to light gray surface r =0.70; When the surface coating is a polyurethane topcoat, the white surface corresponds to h r =0.35, h corresponds to medium gray surface r =0.80; When the surface coating is a chlorinated rubber topcoat, the white surface corresponds to h r =0.40, h corresponding to the surface of coal ash r =0.

75.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the convective heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data includes: The convective heat transfer data are determined based on the wind field distribution data and the preset convection coefficient.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The real-time meteorological data also includes real-time temperature data; the step of determining the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, the radiative heat transfer data, the convective heat transfer data, the radiation intensity data, and the radiation angle data includes: The shortwave radiation data absorbed by the tower is determined based on the radiation intensity data; The outward normal direction data of the structural surface of the tower is determined based on the radiation angle data; The equivalent environmental temperature data is determined based on the radiation model and the real-time temperature data. The temperature distribution data of the tower is determined based on the shortwave radiation data, the outward normal direction data, the environmental equivalent temperature data, the radiation heat transfer data, the convection heat transfer data, and the preset third-type thermal boundary condition temperature field equation.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The real-time meteorological data includes real-time incoming wind speed and real-time wind direction, and the tower includes a two-dimensional circular cross-section and a three-dimensional cylindrical body.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the wind field distribution data of the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data includes: The angle between the point on the surface of the tower where the two-dimensional circular cross-section is located and the real-time wind direction is determined based on the real-time wind direction. The partial factor is determined based on the angle measure; Based on Formula 1, the actual wind speed v of the wind field formed at each point on the surface of the tower by the two-dimensional circular cross-section is determined according to the real-time incoming wind speed y, the angle x, and the partial factor, so as to obtain the wind field distribution data of the two-dimensional circular cross-section. The reference incoming wind speed at the preset reference height is determined based on the real-time incoming wind speed. Based on Formula 2, the actual wind speed v at each point of the three-dimensional cylinder is determined according to the reference incoming wind speed, the reference height, and the height of each point on the three-dimensional cylinder. H The wind field distribution data of the three-dimensional cylinder is obtained; wherein, Formula 1: v=a1+a2x+a3y+a4x 2 +a5xy+a6x 3 +a7x 2 y+a8x 4 +a9x 3 y, When x is between 0° and 90°, a1 is taken as 3.42 × 10⁻⁶. -1 a2 is taken as 6.90 × 10 -3 a3 is taken as 2.06 × 10 -1 a4 is taken as 2.76 × 10 -4 a5 is taken as 8.25 × 10 -3 a6 is taken as -7.77×10 -6 a7 is taken as 6.54 × 10 -4 a8 is 5.72 × 10 -8 a9 is -6.95 × 10 -6 When x is between 90° and 180°: a1 is taken as 4.88 × 10 2 a2 is -1.44 × 10 1 a3 is taken as -1.60×10 1 a4 is taken as 1.58 × 10 -1 a5 is taken as 3.71 × 10 -1 a6 is taken as -7.57×10 -4 a7 is -2.57 × 10 -3 a8 is taken as 1.34 × 10 -6 a9 is 5.60 × 10 -6 ; Formula 2: ν H＝10 The wind speed is at the reference height, and α is the wind shear index, which is related to the surface roughness.

7. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the wind field distribution data of the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data further includes: Based on the structural parameters of the tower, a two-dimensional circular cross-section wind field analysis model and a three-dimensional tower body wind field analysis model with a diameter of D are established respectively. The center of the bottom of the three-dimensional tower body is set as the origin of the coordinate system, the X-axis is consistent with the incoming flow direction, and the Y-axis is parallel to the cylindrical cross-section of the three-dimensional tower body. Set the design size of the computational region to 40D×20D, the upstream inflow region to 10D, the downstream wake region to 30D, and the distance from the upper and lower boundaries to 10D respectively. The tower model is divided into a near-field region and a far-field region; The near-field region is divided using a preset dense grid, and the far-field region is divided using a sparse grid. The inlet boundary condition of the tower is set to velocity inlet, the flow direction is set to horizontal, the outlet boundary condition is set to outflow, the cylindrical wall is set by no-slip wall shear condition, the upper and lower walls of the computational domain are set to specified shear force conditions and the shear force is set to zero, and the ambient pressure is set to standard atmospheric pressure. A turbulence model was selected to simulate the wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data.

8. A device for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower, characterized in that, The device includes: The temperature field modeling module is used to establish the radiation model of the tower and the radiation heat transfer data of the tower based on the structural parameters of the tower. The data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time and historical meteorological data; The wind field calculation module is used to determine the wind field distribution data on the structural surface of the tower based on the real-time meteorological data. The convective heat transfer calculation module is used to determine the convective heat transfer data of the tower based on the wind field distribution data; The radiation calculation module is used to determine the solar radiation intensity data and radiation angle data based on the real-time meteorological data and the historical meteorological tree; The temperature field calculation module is used to determine the temperature distribution data of the tower based on the radiation model, the radiation heat transfer data, the convection heat transfer data, the radiation intensity data, and the radiation angle data.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the method for calculating the temperature field of tall towers as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for calculating the temperature field of a tall tower as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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