Zone area photovoltaic flexible regulation and control method based on edge intelligent perception

Abstract

The invention provides a zone area photovoltaic flexible regulation and control method based on edge intelligent perception, and the method comprises the steps: firstly, collecting the voltage data of each grid-connected point in a zone area; secondly, if the voltage of any grid-connected point is larger than or equal to the out-of-limit voltage threshold value, entering a coarse adjustment stage, and reducing the active output power of the photovoltaic inverter of the grid-connected point until the voltage of the grid-connected point is smaller than the out-of-limit voltage threshold value; then, when the voltage of the grid-connected point which is being adjusted is stable and smaller than the out-of-limit voltage threshold value, entering a fine adjustment stage, and gradually increasing the active output power of the photovoltaic inverter of the grid-connected point to a critical maximum value; and finally, finishing fine adjustment, maintaining the active output power of the photovoltaic inverter at the grid-connected point to be a critical maximum value, and if the continuous and stable operation of the grid-connected point reaches a preset recovery power duration and the voltage is smaller than an out-of-limit voltage threshold, releasing the active output power limitation of the photovoltaic inverter, and recovering rated output. According to the invention, flexible cooperative treatment of the overvoltage problem of the grid-connected photovoltaic system can be realized, and the advantages are obvious.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart grid and distributed energy management technology, specifically to a flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing. Background Technology

[0002] With the full implementation of the "dual carbon" target, the high-frequency and disorderly integration of new energy elements such as distributed photovoltaics, energy storage, and charging piles into the distribution network continues to expand, bringing multiple impacts to the stable operation of the traditional distribution network. In particular, the large-scale grid connection of distributed photovoltaics across the entire region has led to increasingly prominent problems such as overvoltage at the grid connection point, photovoltaic backfeeding, and islanding risks. As the core edge device of the distribution network's "cloud-pipe-edge-device" smart IoT system, the intelligent integrated terminal of the distribution area undertakes key functions such as data collection of new elements, edge device perception, control strategy deployment, and collaborative interaction with the cloud master station. Its regulation capability is directly related to the security of the regional power grid.

[0003] First, the fixed-proportion power limiting or centralized unified control strategies commonly used in existing technologies fail to integrate multi-dimensional factors such as grid connection voltage differences, equipment characteristics, and electrical topology location, resulting in a double contradiction caused by the "one-size-fits-all" control: the slightly overvoltage areas are excessively suppressed, resulting in a waste of photovoltaic resources, while the severely overvoltage areas cannot effectively curb voltage rise due to insufficient control precision; at the same time, there is a lack of dynamic adjustment mechanism, which cannot adaptively correct the control strategy based on real-time voltage fluctuations.

[0004] Secondly, existing control systems heavily rely on centralized master stations or manual intervention, resulting in inherent defects such as long data acquisition cycles, redundant communication links, and high command latency. When photovoltaic output experiences sudden changes within seconds due to meteorological factors (such as cloud movement), the system struggles to trigger timely and precise adjustments, leading to short-term and significant voltage overshoots, which in turn causes malfunctions in protection devices and deterioration of power quality on the user side.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need to break through the existing technological bottlenecks and propose a flexible control method that can overcome the above problems in order to achieve the control capability of photovoltaic power sources in the distribution network.

[0006] It is understood that the above statements only provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a flexible control method for distributed photovoltaic power generation based on edge intelligent sensing, which can improve the control capability of distributed photovoltaic power sources in low-voltage distribution networks and realize flexible and collaborative management of overvoltage problems in grid-connected photovoltaic systems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a flexible control method for photovoltaic (PV) systems based on edge intelligent sensing, comprising the following steps: S1, collecting voltage data of each grid-connected point within the distribution area; S2, if the voltage of any grid-connected point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, entering the coarse adjustment stage, reducing the active power output of the PV inverter at that grid-connected point until the voltage at that grid-connected point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold; S3, when the voltage of the grid-connected point being adjusted is stable and less than the over-limit voltage threshold, entering the fine adjustment stage, gradually increasing the active power output of the PV inverter at that grid-connected point to the critical maximum value; S4, after the fine adjustment ends, maintaining the active power output of the PV inverter at that grid-connected point at the critical maximum value, if the grid-connected point operates continuously and stably for a preset power recovery time and the voltage is always less than the over-limit voltage threshold, releasing the active power output limit of its PV inverter and restoring the rated output.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the coarse adjustment stage includes: reducing the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters at grid-connected points with voltages greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold in rounds, reducing the power by a ratio of Pstep1 in each round, and delaying for a first delay duration after each round of adjustment to ensure voltage convergence at the grid-connected point, and determining whether the voltage at the grid-connected point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, proceed to step S3 to enter the fine adjustment stage.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the fine-tuning stage includes: increasing the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection point currently being adjusted in rounds, increasing the power by a ratio of Pstep2 in each round, and delaying for a second delay period after each round of adjustment to ensure voltage convergence at the grid connection point, and determining whether the voltage at the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, slightly decreasing the power of all photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection point by Pstep2 in the reverse direction, and the fine-tuning stage ends.

[0011] Preferably, both the coarse adjustment stage and the fine adjustment stage adopt a sequential control mechanism, including: classifying photovoltaic inverters into single-phase photovoltaic inverters and three-phase photovoltaic inverters according to their type; sorting inverters of the same type by voltage according to their real-time voltage data; and performing power adjustment of each photovoltaic inverter one by one according to a preset priority order.

[0012] Preferably, in the coarse adjustment stage, single-phase photovoltaic inverters are adjusted first, and the power is reduced one by one in order of voltage from high to low; in the fine adjustment stage, three-phase photovoltaic inverters are adjusted first, and the power is increased one by one in order of voltage from low to high.

[0013] Preferably, the sequential control mechanism of the coarse adjustment stage includes: S21, collecting voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter in the grid connection point whose voltage is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold; S22, sorting the single-phase photovoltaic inverters from high to low voltage and then reducing the Pstep1 power of each inverter one by one, delaying the first delay time after each adjustment, and determining whether the voltage of the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, proceeding to the fine adjustment stage;

[0014] S23. If the voltage at the grid connection point is still not less than the over-limit voltage threshold after all single-phase photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, then the three-phase photovoltaic inverters are sorted from high to low voltage and the Pstep1 power is reduced one by one. After each adjustment, the first delay time is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, then proceed to the fine-tuning stage. S24. If the voltage at the grid connection point is still not less than the over-limit voltage threshold after all photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, then repeat steps S21-S23.

[0015] Preferably, the sequential control mechanism of the fine-tuning stage includes: S31, collecting voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter in the grid-connected point currently being adjusted; S32, sorting the three-phase photovoltaic inverters by voltage from low to high and increasing the power of each inverter by one step at a time, delaying the second delay duration after each adjustment, and determining whether the voltage of the grid-connected point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, then reducing the power of the currently adjusted three-phase photovoltaic inverter in the reverse direction, and the fine-tuning stage ends; S33, if all three-phase photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, the grid-connected point... If the voltage at the grid connection point is not greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, then the single-phase photovoltaic inverters are sorted by voltage from low to high and the Pstep2 power is increased one by one. After each inverter is adjusted, a second delay is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, the Pstep2 power of the currently adjusted single-phase photovoltaic inverter is reduced in the reverse direction, and the fine-tuning stage ends. S34. If all photovoltaic inverters are adjusted and the voltage at the grid connection point is still not greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, then steps S31-S33 are repeated.

[0016] Preferably, the over-limit voltage threshold is 242V, and the preset recovery power duration is 1h.

[0017] Preferably, the value of Pstep1 is in the range of 5%-15%, preferably 10%; the value of Pstep2 is in the range of 0.5%-2%, preferably 1%; and the first preset duration or the second preset duration is 5min-15min, preferably 10min.

[0018] In summary, compared with the prior art, the flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) This invention integrates local real-time sensing, accurate voltage status identification, real-time execution of control strategies, and inverter control command issuance, breaking through the traditional reliance on master station scheduling and constructing a complete closed-loop autonomous control system. This mechanism significantly shortens the response time, greatly improves the real-time performance and accuracy of control, enabling the system to quickly identify voltage anomalies at the grid connection point in complex environments and instantly activate control strategies to rapidly suppress voltage disturbances, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the distribution area power grid;

[0020] (2) Compared with the traditional simple fixed power limiting or passive protection mode, the present invention innovatively adopts a phased, orderly and rapidly recoverable dynamic power regulation mechanism. Under the premise of ensuring grid connection voltage stability, it can minimize the ineffective curtailment of photovoltaic power generation, significantly improve the effective power generation output time and output level of the inverter, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of power supply security and power generation economic benefits. It avoids the problem of long-term power generation capacity limitation caused by excessive protection in the traditional mode, and brings more considerable and sustainable economic returns to the user side.

[0021] (3) The flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligence perception provided by the present invention significantly improves the acceptance and adaptability of distribution areas to new energy sources such as high-penetration distributed photovoltaics, and provides strong support for building a new power system governance architecture based on data-driven and edge intelligence. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a flexible control method for photovoltaic power generation in a transformer substation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas with a sequential control mechanism, according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 The present invention will be further illustrated by describing a preferred embodiment in detail.

[0025] It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions. They are only used to facilitate and clarify the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationship, or adjustments to the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention, provided that they do not affect the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce.

[0026] It should be noted that, in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only the expressly listed elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1. Collect voltage data of each grid connection point in the distribution area through intelligent fusion terminals;

[0029] S2. When the voltage of any grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, the coarse adjustment stage is entered, and the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter in the grid connection point where the voltage is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold is reduced until the voltage of the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold.

[0030] S3. When the voltage of the grid connection point being adjusted is stable and less than the over-limit voltage threshold, the fine-tuning stage begins. Without causing the voltage of the grid connection point to exceed or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold again, the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter in the grid connection point is increased to the maximum extent, that is, the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter in the grid connection point is gradually increased to the critical maximum value.

[0031] S4. After the fine-tuning phase ends, the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter at the grid connection point is maintained at the critical maximum value described in S3. The grid connection point operates continuously and stably for a preset power recovery time, and the voltage of the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold. Then, the active power output limit of the photovoltaic inverter at the grid connection point is released, and the rated output is restored.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S1, the intelligent converged terminal generally adopts a station control unit (SCU). This device integrates the functions of a power distribution terminal, concentrator, and gateway meter to achieve hardware platformization and software APP-based functionality. It supports multi-protocol communication and edge computing, and possesses advanced application capabilities such as topology identification, fault location, and new energy management.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S2, the over-limit voltage threshold U limit =242V. When the voltage at any grid connection point is greater than or equal to 242V, an overvoltage phenomenon is identified, and the coarse adjustment stage begins.

[0034] In one embodiment, each grid connection point has several photovoltaic inverters. The coarse adjustment stage includes: reducing the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters in the grid connection point whose voltage is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold in several rounds, with each round reducing the power by a ratio of Pstep1, that is, each time the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters in the grid connection point is reduced by a ratio of Pstep1; wherein, after each round of adjustment, a first delay is applied to ensure that the voltage response of the grid connection point can fully converge, and it is determined whether the voltage of the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, proceed to step S3 to enter the fine adjustment stage; if not, continue to the next round of adjustment.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S3, the fine-tuning stage includes: increasing the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters at the currently adjusted grid connection point in rounds, with each round increasing the power by a ratio of Pstep2, that is, each time the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection point is increased by a ratio of Pstep2; wherein, after each round of adjustment, a second delay is applied to ensure that the voltage response of the grid connection point can fully converge, and it is determined whether the voltage of the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, the power output of all photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection point is slightly reduced in the reverse direction by Pstep2, and the fine-tuning stage ends; if not, the next round of adjustment continues.

[0036] Furthermore, in step S4, the preset recovery power duration is set to 1 hour.

[0037] Furthermore, the value of Pstep1 ranges from 5% to 15%, preferably 10%; the value of Pstep2 ranges from 0.5% to 2%, preferably 1%; the first delay duration and the second delay duration are both 5 min to 15 min, preferably 10 min.

[0038] In another embodiment, each grid connection point has several photovoltaic inverters, including single-phase and three-phase photovoltaic inverters. Different types of photovoltaic inverters have varying degrees of impact on voltage; therefore, a type-based, unit-by-unit sequential control mechanism is introduced to achieve more refined and orderly control behavior. This sequential control mechanism analyzes the type of each photovoltaic inverter and the voltage level of its grid connection point, executing control commands unit by unit according to priority.

[0039] It should be noted that in this invention, the intelligent fusion terminal can also collect voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter at each grid connection point within the distribution area; among them, single-phase photovoltaic inverters are extremely sensitive to voltage disturbances in the distribution area, while three-phase photovoltaic inverters are less sensitive to voltage disturbances in the distribution area and have stronger load buffering capabilities.

[0040] Specifically, in step S2, as Figure 2 As shown, the sequential control mechanism of the coarse adjustment stage includes:

[0041] S21. Divide the photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection points with voltages greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold into single-phase photovoltaic inverters and three-phase photovoltaic inverters, and sort the single-phase photovoltaic inverters and three-phase photovoltaic inverters from high to low according to the voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter currently collected.

[0042] S22. Starting with the single-phase photovoltaic inverter with the highest voltage data, the power is reduced sequentially according to the sorting order at a ratio of Pstep1. After adjusting each single-phase photovoltaic inverter, a delay of the first delay time is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, proceed to S3 to enter the fine-tuning stage; otherwise, continue to adjust the next single-phase photovoltaic inverter in the sorting order.

[0043] S23. After all single-phase photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, if the voltage at the grid connection point is still not lower than the over-limit voltage threshold, then the three-phase photovoltaic inverters are adjusted. Similarly, starting with the three-phase photovoltaic inverter with the highest voltage data, the power is reduced sequentially according to the order of the three-phase inverters by a ratio of Pstep1. After adjusting each three-phase photovoltaic inverter, a delay of the first delay time is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is lower than the over-limit voltage threshold. If yes, proceed to S3 to enter the fine-tuning stage; if no, continue adjusting the next three-phase photovoltaic inverter in the order of the three-phase inverters.

[0044] S24. If the voltage at the grid connection point has not fallen below the over-limit voltage threshold after this round of adjustment, return to step S21, re-detect the current voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter and reorder them, and execute steps S21-S23 again.

[0045] Specifically, in step S3, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sequential control mechanism of the fine-tuning stage includes:

[0046] S31. Divide each photovoltaic inverter into single-phase photovoltaic inverters and three-phase photovoltaic inverters, and sort the three-phase photovoltaic inverters and single-phase photovoltaic inverters from low to high according to the voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter currently collected.

[0047] S32. Starting with the three-phase photovoltaic inverter with the lowest voltage data, adjust the power of each inverter sequentially according to the order of Pstep2. After adjusting each three-phase photovoltaic inverter, delay for the second delay period and determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold. If yes, reduce the power of that three-phase photovoltaic inverter slightly in the reverse direction by 1%, and the fine-tuning stage ends. If no, continue to adjust the next three-phase photovoltaic inverter in the order of Pstep2.

[0048] S33. After all three-phase photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, if the voltage at the grid connection point is not greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, then the single-phase photovoltaic inverters are adjusted. Similarly, starting with the single-phase photovoltaic inverter with the lowest voltage data, the power is increased sequentially in order of sequence at a ratio of Pstep2. After adjusting each single-phase photovoltaic inverter, a second delay is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, the power of that single-phase photovoltaic inverter is slightly reduced by 1% in the reverse direction, and the fine-tuning stage ends. If not, the next single-phase photovoltaic inverter is adjusted in the sequence.

[0049] S34. If the voltage at the grid connection point is not greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold after this round of adjustment, return to step S31, re-detect the current voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter and reorder them, and execute steps S31-S33 again.

[0050] Wherein, the value range of Pstep1 is 5%-15%, preferably 10%; the value range of Pstep2 is 0.5%-2%, preferably 1%; the first delay duration and the second delay duration are both 5min-15min, preferably 10min.

[0051] It is understood that the flexible regulation method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing provided by this invention emphasizes rapid voltage reduction and safety priority in the coarse adjustment stage. It can effectively control voltage anomalies caused by sudden surges in photovoltaic output in a short time, preventing protection equipment from activating or power quality problems at the user end. In the fine adjustment stage, it emphasizes restoring power generation efficiency and improving output utilization. Through fine adjustment in small steps, the system releases photovoltaic output as much as possible while ensuring that the voltage does not exceed the limit, effectively reducing power generation losses caused by power curtailment.

[0052] In summary, the present invention provides a flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing. Firstly, by highly integrating local real-time sensing, accurate voltage status identification, real-time execution of control strategies, and the issuance of inverter control commands, it breaks through the traditional dependence on master station scheduling and constructs a complete closed-loop autonomous control system. This mechanism significantly shortens response time and greatly improves the real-time performance and accuracy of control, enabling the system to quickly identify grid connection voltage anomalies in complex environments and instantly activate control strategies to rapidly suppress voltage disturbances, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid in the distribution area. Secondly, compared with the traditional simple fixed power limiting or passive protection mode, this invention innovatively adopts a phased, orderly, and rapidly recoverable dynamic power regulation mechanism. Under the premise of prioritizing grid connection voltage stability, it can minimize the ineffective curtailment of photovoltaic power generation, significantly improve the effective power output duration and output level of the inverter, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of power supply security and power generation economic benefits. It avoids the problem of long-term power generation capacity limitation caused by excessive protection in the traditional mode, bringing more considerable and sustainable economic returns to the user side. Thirdly, the flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligence perception provided by this invention significantly improves the acceptance and adaptability of distribution areas to new energy sources such as high-penetration distributed photovoltaics, providing strong support for building a new power system governance architecture based on data-driven and edge intelligence.

[0053] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect voltage data of each grid-connected point within the transformer area; S2. If the voltage at any grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, the coarse adjustment stage is entered, and the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter at that grid connection point is reduced until the voltage at that grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold. S3. When the grid connection point voltage being adjusted is stable and less than the over-limit voltage threshold, the fine-tuning stage begins, and the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter at the grid connection point is gradually increased to the critical maximum value. S4. Fine-tuning ends. Maintain the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter at the grid connection point at the critical maximum value. If the grid connection point operates stably for a preset power recovery time and the voltage is less than the over-limit voltage threshold, release the active power output limit of the photovoltaic inverter and restore the rated output.

2. The flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the coarse adjustment stage includes: reducing the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters at grid-connected points with voltages greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold in rounds, reducing the power by a ratio of Pstep1 in each round, and delaying for a first delay duration after each round of adjustment to ensure voltage convergence at the grid-connected point, and determining whether the voltage at the grid-connected point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, proceed to step S3 to enter the fine adjustment stage.

3. The flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the fine-tuning stage includes: increasing the active power output of all photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection point being adjusted in rounds, increasing the power by a ratio of Pstep2 in each round, and delaying for a second delay period after each round of adjustment to ensure voltage convergence at the grid connection point, and determining whether the voltage at the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold; if so, slightly decreasing the power of all photovoltaic inverters at the grid connection point by Pstep2 in the reverse direction, and the fine-tuning stage ends.

4. The flexible control method for photovoltaic distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the coarse adjustment stage and the fine adjustment stage employ a sequential control mechanism, including: Based on the type of photovoltaic inverter, they are classified into single-phase photovoltaic inverters and three-phase photovoltaic inverters; Based on the real-time voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter, inverters of the same type are sorted by voltage. Power regulation of each photovoltaic inverter is performed sequentially according to preset priority.

5. The flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In the coarse adjustment stage, single-phase photovoltaic inverters are adjusted first, and the power is reduced one by one in order of voltage from high to low; in the fine adjustment stage, three-phase photovoltaic inverters are adjusted first, and the power is increased one by one in order of voltage from low to high.

6. The flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sequential control mechanism of the coarse adjustment phase includes: S21. Collect voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter at the grid connection point where the voltage is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold. S22. After sorting the single-phase photovoltaic inverters from high to low voltage, reduce the Pstep1 power of each inverter one by one. After each inverter is adjusted, delay the first delay time and determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is less than the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, proceed to the fine-tuning stage; S23. If the voltage at the grid connection point is not lower than the over-limit voltage threshold after all single-phase photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, then the three-phase photovoltaic inverters are sorted from high to low voltage and the Pstep1 power is reduced one by one. After each adjustment, the first delay time is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is lower than the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, then proceed to the fine adjustment stage. S24. If the voltage at the grid connection point is still not less than the over-limit voltage threshold after all photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, then repeat steps S21-S23.

7. The flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The sequential control mechanism of the fine-tuning stage includes: S31. Collect voltage data of each photovoltaic inverter in the grid connection point that is currently being adjusted; S32. Sort the three-phase photovoltaic inverters by voltage from low to high and increase the power of each one by one by Pstep2. After each adjustment, delay for the second delay time and determine whether the voltage of the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, reduce the power of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter that is currently being adjusted in the reverse direction and the fine adjustment stage ends. S33. If the voltage at the grid connection point is not greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold after all three-phase photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted, then the single-phase photovoltaic inverters are sorted by voltage from low to high and the Pstep2 power is increased one by one. After each adjustment, the second delay time is applied to determine whether the voltage at the grid connection point is greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold. If so, the Pstep2 power of the currently adjusted single-phase photovoltaic inverter is reduced in the reverse direction, and the fine-tuning stage ends. S34. If all photovoltaic inverters have been adjusted and the voltage at the grid connection point is still not greater than or equal to the over-limit voltage threshold, then repeat steps S31-S33.

8. The flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The over-limit voltage threshold is 242V, and the preset recovery power duration is 1 hour.

9. The flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The value of Pstep1 is 5%-15%, preferably 10%; the value of Pstep2 is 0.5%-2%, preferably 1%; the first preset duration or the second preset duration is 5min-15min, preferably 10min.

10. The flexible control method for photovoltaic power distribution areas based on edge intelligent sensing as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The value of Pstep1 is 5%-15%, preferably 10%; the value of Pstep2 is 0.5%-2%, preferably 1%; the first preset duration or the second preset duration is 5min-15min, preferably 10min.

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