A primary and secondary fusion column switch adaptive energy supply system and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the specification discloses a primary and secondary fusion column switch adaptive energy supply system and method, relates to the technical field of intelligent power distribution network equipment, and the system comprises a capacitor power taking module located at the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion column switch and a super capacitor, a power management module, a storage battery, an energy management control unit and a DC-DC circuit located at the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion column switch. Through a decision algorithm of the energy management control unit, dynamic cooperation of the two energy storage elements, namely the super capacitor and the storage battery, in the steady-state low-power-consumption monitoring and transient-state high-power driving scene is realized. In combination with energy distribution optimization, closed-loop charging guarantee and abnormal fault tolerance design, the problems of high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient driving capacity of the traditional primary and secondary fusion column switch power supply scheme are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent power distribution network equipment, in particular to a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, with the development of smart grid and distribution network automation, the requirements of primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switches and other devices for power supply reliability, low power consumption and long life are becoming higher and higher. The traditional energy supply scheme mostly uses a single capacitor or battery, which has the following problems: 1. High steady-state power consumption: in the continuous operation mode, the large power energy taking element works for a long time, resulting in high power consumption; 2. Insufficient transient energy: a large current is required to drive the switch during opening and closing, and single capacitor energy supply may fail to act due to insufficient capacity. Therefore, the traditional power supply scheme has problems such as high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient driving capacity. In the outdoor complex environment, the battery is easily affected by temperature and has a short service life, while the super capacitor has a long cycle life, but the self-discharge loss is large during continuous operation, making it difficult to meet the needs of low-power monitoring and high-power opening and closing.

[0003] In addition, in the prior art, the capacitor energy storage system often uses a fixed capacity design, which cannot dynamically adjust the energy supply mode according to the load demand, resulting in low energy utilization rate, and may fail to act due to insufficient energy when a large current demand occurs. With the acceleration of the Internet of Things trend of the distribution network, the device needs to be operated for a long time without maintenance, so there is an urgent need for a new energy supply scheme that can adaptively switch between high and low power consumption modes and has high reliability and long life. SUMMARY

[0004] The present specification provides a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply system and method to solve the problem of high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient driving capacity of the traditional primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch power supply scheme. To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present specification is as follows:

[0005] In one aspect, the present specification provides a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply system, which comprises:

[0006] A capacitor power taking module located at the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch, and a super capacitor, a power management module, a battery, an energy management control unit and a DC-DC circuit located at the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch;

[0007] The capacitor power taking module comprises a high-voltage voltage dividing capacitor and an isolation protection unit, which is used to take power from the line, a part of which is used to supply power to the monitoring circuit in the capacitor power supply mode, and the other part is used to charge the battery and the super capacitor;

[0008] The energy management control unit is configured to perform fault identification based on three-phase voltage and three-phase current of a primary line on the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch and output power of the capacitor power taking module, and output a fault identification result.

[0009] The power management module includes a power management circuit configured to determine a power supply mode based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power taking module, and control the capacitor power taking module, the super capacitor and the storage battery to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes a capacitor power supply mode, a battery power supply mode and a fault mode.

[0010] The super capacitor is configured to output current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the storage battery in the fault mode.

[0011] The storage battery is configured to supply power to the monitoring circuit in the battery power supply mode, and output current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the super capacitor in the fault mode.

[0012] The DC-DC circuit is configured to superimpose the current output by the super capacitor and the storage battery to supply power to the opening / closing driving mechanism and the communication module in the fault mode.

[0013] In another aspect, the present specification provides a primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply method, which comprises:

[0014] Step 102, performing fault identification based on three-phase voltage and three-phase current of a primary line on the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch, and outputting a fault identification result.

[0015] Step 104, determining a power supply mode based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power taking module, and controlling the capacitor power taking module, the super capacitor and the storage battery to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes a capacitor power supply mode, a battery power supply mode and a fault mode.

[0016] Step 106, the capacitor power taking module takes energy from the line, a part of which supplies power to the monitoring circuit in the capacitor power supply mode, and another part of which charges the storage battery and the super capacitor.

[0017] Step 108, the super capacitor outputs current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the storage battery in the fault mode.

[0018] Step 110, the storage battery supplies power to the monitoring circuit in the battery power supply mode, and outputs current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the super capacitor in the fault mode.

[0019] Step 112, the DC-DC circuit superimposes the current output by the super capacitor and the storage battery to supply power to the opening / closing driving mechanism and the communication module in the fault mode.

[0020] Based on the above technical scheme, the present specification can obtain the following technical effects:

[0021] The system is a super capacitor and battery parallel energy supply system, and an adaptive control strategy based on working condition dynamic matching. Through the decision algorithm of the energy management control unit, the dynamic cooperation of the two energy storage elements in the steady low-power monitoring and transient high-power driving scene is realized. Combined with energy distribution optimization, closed-loop charging guarantee and abnormal fault tolerance design, the contradiction between power consumption, transient response and reliability of traditional single energy storage element is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a structure diagram of a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0023] Figure 2 is a charging process schematic diagram of a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0024] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply method according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0025] Figure 4 is a decision flowchart of an energy supply mode according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0026] Figure 5 is a transient operation mode workflow diagram according to an embodiment of the present specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present specification, and for those skilled in the art, the present specification can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative labor. Unless it is obvious from the language environment or otherwise stated, the same reference numbers in the figures represent the same structures or operations.

[0028] It should be understood that the "system", "device", "unit" and / or "module" used in the present specification is a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels. However, if other words can achieve the same purpose, the words can be replaced by other expressions.

[0029] As shown in the specification and claims herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "comprise", "comprising", "consisting of" and "containing" and the like are not intended to exclude the presence of other elements or steps. Generally, the term "comprising" should not be interpreted as implying the exclusion of other steps or elements.

[0030] The specification uses flow diagrams to illustrate operations performed by systems in accordance with embodiments of the specification. It should be understood that the operations need not necessarily be performed in the order shown. Rather, various steps can be handled in reverse order or simultaneously. Additionally, other operations can be added or removed from these processes.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A structure diagram of a primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply system provided by the embodiment is shown. The system comprises:

[0033] A capacitor power taking module located on the primary side of the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch, a super capacitor, a power management module, a battery, an energy management control unit, and a DC-DC circuit located on the secondary side of the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch;

[0034] The capacitor power taking module comprises a high-voltage voltage dividing capacitor and an isolation protection unit, which is used to take power from the line, a part of which is used to supply power to the monitoring circuit in the capacitor power supply mode, and the other part is used to charge the battery and the super capacitor;

[0035] The energy management control unit is used to identify faults based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary line on the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch and the output power of the capacitor power taking module, and output the fault identification result;

[0036] The power management module comprises a power management circuit, which is used to determine the power supply mode and control the capacitor power taking module, the super capacitor, and the battery to supply power respectively based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power taking module; the power supply mode comprises a capacitor power supply mode, a battery power supply mode, and a fault mode;

[0037] The super capacitor is used to output current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the battery in the fault mode;

[0038] The battery is used to supply power to the monitoring circuit in the battery power supply mode, and output current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the super capacitor in the fault mode;

[0039] A DC-DC circuit is used to superimpose the current output by the supercapacitor and the battery in a fault mode to power the opening / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

[0040] Specifically, when the pole-mounted switch is in a steady-state monitoring mode without operation instructions, only line current, voltage, and other state monitoring tasks are performed, and the power consumption demand of the system is extremely low. At this time, the control strategy prioritizes low-power operation and energy storage, and the algorithm simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the supercapacitor and the discharge branch of the battery. The supercapacitor only retains a microampere-level floating branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, and the battery is completely in a power-off standby state, fundamentally eliminating static losses. In this mode, the working power supply of the monitoring circuit (such as the MCU and sensors) is directly borne by the capacitor power supply module, which continuously takes power from the line. After processing by the isolation protection unit and the power management module, a stable voltage is output to power the monitoring circuit, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions. In terms of energy replenishment, the capacitor power supply module follows the charging logic of prioritizing the battery and reserving the supercapacitor. When the battery level (converted through voltage sampling) is below 80%, the energy of the power supply module is fully replenished to the battery through the charging circuit; when the battery level reaches 100%, the excess energy is replenished to the supercapacitor through the constant-current charging circuit until the supercapacitor voltage reaches the rated value, avoiding losses caused by overcharging.

[0041] When the pole-mounted switch receives an opening / closing instruction, it needs to output high-power drive operation mechanisms instantaneously. The power management module receives the operation instruction through the hardware interrupt interface, and the system automatically switches to a transient operation mode. The algorithm first drives the PWM control semiconductor switching device in the supercapacitor discharge circuit to quickly switch from the off state to the on preparation state, and simultaneously starts the Boost topology pre-boosting circuit to raise the supercapacitor output voltage to the voltage value required by the operation mechanism. The switching device (relay contact) of the battery discharge circuit is triggered synchronously, and another Boost circuit is used to raise the battery output voltage from the rated value to the voltage value required by the operation mechanism, and real-time voltage sampling is used to ensure that the voltage difference between the two is ≤0.5V, avoiding the circulation loss caused by inconsistent voltage when connected in parallel.

[0042] The power superposition of the super capacitor and the battery adopts dynamic distribution logic. The algorithm is based on the characteristics of high power density of the super capacitor and energy stability of the battery. The preset basic power distribution ratio is that the super capacitor bears 80% and the battery bears 20%. The super capacitor outputs 24W and the battery outputs 6W. The current superposition of the two is realized through the common mode inductor (suppression ripple). If the real-time monitoring finds that the total power is lower than the demand value (such as the actual output power is low due to component aging and low temperature attenuation), it is insufficient to drive the operating mechanism to act, the algorithm will increase the discharge duty cycle of the super capacitor by adjusting the PWM signal, the on time of the switching device is prolonged, the average current released by the super capacitor to the operating mechanism is increased, and the output power is increased. The output power is increased. The 20kHz high-frequency PWM signal is used to drive the super capacitor switching device, which can realize the smooth adjustment of the power. The system collects the operating mechanism action state in real time. If the power is still insufficient, the duty cycle will continue to increase. Through the output power superposition of the super capacitor and the battery, the power required by the operating mechanism can be released instantaneously to meet the demand of the operating mechanism for instantaneous high power during the breaking or closing action, so as to ensure that the operating mechanism can complete the action quickly, accurately and reliably within milliseconds, and solve the problems of operation delay or refusal caused by insufficient power.

[0043] When the operating mechanism completes the breaking and closing action, the built-in position sensor outputs an effective signal to the power management module to feed back the instruction of action completion. The algorithm immediately starts the recovery process, the system exits the transient mode, the discharge circuit of the super capacitor and the battery is disconnected, and the system switches back to the steady-state monitoring mode to wait for the next instruction.

[0044] In this embodiment, the super capacitor is built-in with a voltage monitoring module and a clock module to ensure timely charging of the super capacitor.

[0045] Specifically, after a long time of discharge, or due to the weak self-discharge phenomenon existing in the super capacitor, the voltage of the super capacitor will gradually decrease, and the output power will decrease obviously. At this time, if the operating mechanism needs to act, it may not be able to obtain sufficient driving force. In order to enable the super capacitor to continuously and stably play its core role of energy storage and release, and solve the situation that the conventional energy supplement may not cover, for example, the line voltage is low for a long time, the energy of the capacitor power supply module is limited, and the battery power is always less than 100%, so that the conventional energy supplement cannot be triggered. At this time, the super capacitor may gradually run out of power due to self-discharge, or the voltage monitoring module may fail to detect the voltage of the super capacitor in time. A double protection mechanism is provided to ensure that the super capacitor has sufficient power. In this case, the charging is started in the non-operation stage of the switch by forcibly triggering the condition, regardless of whether the battery is sufficient. The super capacitor will not run out of power for a long time due to special circumstances.

[0046] In this embodiment, the charging process is as follows Figure 2The double protection mechanism used by the system is as follows:

[0047] The first protection is that the super capacitor is configured with a voltage monitoring module, which monitors the voltage value of the super capacitor in real time and accurately. When the voltage drops to 70% of the set value, the voltage monitoring module can sensitively capture this voltage change and immediately send a charging signal to the power management module. After receiving the signal, the power management module will quickly schedule energy, and in the idle stage when the switch is not operating, the capacitor power module will obtain the excess energy from the line and continuously and stably inject the energy into the super capacitor for energy storage. The entire charging process will continue until the voltage of the super capacitor rises to 100% of the corresponding set value, and then the charging process will automatically stop. This mechanism not only ensures the sufficient energy of the super capacitor, but also effectively avoids the damage caused by overcharging to the super capacitor, prolonging its service life.

[0048] The second protection is that the super capacitor is configured with a high-stability clock module, which starts timing from the moment the super capacitor is charged for the last time. If within 24 hours of timing start, due to unexpected situations such as failure of the voltage monitoring module, the super capacitor does not receive any charging instructions, the clock module will automatically send a trigger signal to the power management module to forcibly start the charging process. In the non-operation stage of the switch, the capacitor power module will inject excess energy into the super capacitor to supplement its energy in time. This timing mechanism, as an effective backup for the voltage monitoring module, can ensure that the super capacitor is charged in time when the voltage monitoring module fails, preventing the impact on its energy output at critical moments due to long-term low energy state.

[0049] In this embodiment, for the low temperature, high temperature, component aging and other extreme working conditions faced by outdoor pole-mounted switches, through the cooperation of hardware circuit and intelligent algorithm, the reliability of the energy supply system in complex environment is ensured. The state monitoring module integrates a high-precision digital temperature sensor to collect the ambient temperature and the temperature of the energy storage elements (super capacitor / battery surface temperature) in real time at a frequency of 1 Hz, and dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy based on the temperature interval.

[0050] The specific dynamic adjustment of the charging and discharging strategy is as follows:

[0051] First, the maximum duty cycle Dmax of the output PWM signal is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature of the super capacitor. At room temperature (25°C), Dmax=90%; when the temperature is ≥50°C, Dmax decreases by 5% for every 5°C increase (e.g. Dmax=70% at 55°C), to avoid overheating of the device. The minimum duty cycle Dmin is not less than 30%, to prevent excessive ripple caused by frequent switching of the switch device and ensure the stability of the output current.

[0052] When the battery body temperature is monitored to be <-10℃, the power management module immediately starts the low-power heating sheet to locally warm up through the flexible heating layer close to the battery shell.

[0053] At low temperature, the ion migration rate of the supercapacitor electrolyte decreases, and the capacity will drop sharply as the temperature decreases. The algorithm automatically increases the discharge cut-off voltage of the supercapacitor from the conventional 70% rated value to 80%, reducing the irreversible capacity loss at low temperature through shallow charging and shallow discharging.

[0054] When the ambient temperature is ≥40℃, the algorithm reduces the maximum charging current of the battery and reduces the charging cut-off voltage from 100% rated value to 95%, reducing the side reactions at high temperature.

[0055] If the surface temperature of the supercapacitor is detected to be ≥60℃, the charging is immediately suspended and the temperature is naturally reduced through the shell heat dissipation fins, and the charging is resumed when the temperature is reduced to below 50℃.

[0056] These control strategies and algorithms can be implemented by an STM32L476 low-power MCU, through dynamic control in different modes, intelligent power distribution, and double energy guarantee, to realize the dynamic conversion of low-power monitoring and high-power output, solve the problems of high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient power of traditional power supply schemes, and improve the outdoor reliability through fault-tolerant design, providing core support for long-term maintenance-free operation of intelligent power distribution network equipment.

[0057] Based on this, the system has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] (1) The system increases the structure of parallel connection of the battery and the supercapacitor on the traditional one-time fusion column switch capacitor voltage division power supply, utilizes the characteristics of high power density and fast charging and discharging of the supercapacitor, and makes the output power of the two superimposed when the operating mechanism is actuated, to release the required high power instantaneously, break through the power bottleneck of the traditional capacitor power module, and ensure the fast and reliable operation of the switch.

[0059] (2) The capacitor power module of the system takes power from the line through high-voltage voltage dividing capacitor, realizes high and low voltage isolation through the isolation protection unit, and then rectifies, filters and stabilizes the voltage by the power management module, to supply power to the basic monitoring circuit and charge the battery and supercapacitor, forming a stable energy supply chain.

[0060] (3) The system uses the voltage monitoring module and the clock module to form a double guarantee, when the supercapacitor voltage drops to 70% of the capacity, or 24 hours have passed since the last charging, the power management module is triggered to charge the supercapacitor to 100% during the non-operation stage of the switch, which not only avoids overcharging and overdischarging, but also prevents energy shortage caused by monitoring module failure, ensuring that the supercapacitor can provide sufficient power at any time.

[0061] (4) Through the combination of software and hardware to improve the adaptive control ability under extreme working conditions, the algorithm protects the energy storage system at low and high temperatures, reduces the capacity attenuation caused by side reactions, and ensures the reliability of the energy supply system in complex environments.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive energy supply method provided by the embodiment. The method comprises:

[0064] Step 102, based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit on the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch, performing fault identification and outputting a fault identification result;

[0065] In this embodiment, one implementation of step 102 is as follows:

[0066] Step 202, continuously collecting the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit based on the voltage transformer and current transformer built in the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch;

[0067] Specifically, the voltage transformer and current transformer built in the primary-secondary fusion pole-mounted switch continuously collect the three-phase voltage U and three-phase current I of the primary circuit, and Figure 1 the output power Pc1 of the capacitor power supply module. The above signals are transmitted to the energy management control unit. The power supply of the energy management control unit is ensured by the working power supply function shown in Fig. 2 to ensure normal work. Figure 1

[0068] Step 204, inputting the three-phase voltage and three-phase current into each identification algorithm in parallel to perform fault identification and obtain the identification result of each identification algorithm;

[0069] Step 206, generating a fault identification result based on the identification result of each identification algorithm.

[0070] In this embodiment, the identification algorithms include:

[0071] The overvoltage and overcurrent identification algorithm is used to calculate the effective values of the three-phase voltage and three-phase current, compare the voltage effective value and the current effective value with the voltage threshold and the current threshold respectively, and if the voltage effective value is within the preset range of the voltage threshold and the current effective value is less than the current threshold, it is determined that the overvoltage and overcurrent identification result is normal, otherwise it is determined that the overvoltage and overcurrent identification result is abnormal;

[0072] The current mutation identification algorithm is used to monitor the rising rate of the instantaneous value of the three-phase current, and if the rising rate is less than the preset rising rate threshold, it is determined that the current mutation identification result is normal, otherwise it is determined that the current mutation identification result is abnormal; ​

[0073] A zero sequence current identification algorithm is used to obtain a zero sequence current value by calculating a vector sum of three-phase currents, and if the zero sequence current value is less than a preset zero sequence current threshold value, it is determined that the zero sequence current identification result is normal, otherwise it is determined that the zero sequence current identification result is abnormal.

[0074] A voltage drop identification algorithm is used to monitor the effective value of three-phase voltage, and if there is a voltage effective value less than a preset voltage rated value and the duration exceeds a preset time threshold, it is determined that the voltage drop identification result is abnormal, otherwise it is determined that the voltage drop identification result is normal.

[0075] Specifically, the energy management control unit executes a line fault identification algorithm in parallel, which includes but is not limited to:

[0076] Overvoltage and overcurrent judgment: Calculate the effective value of three-phase voltage and current, and compare it with the set threshold. Determine whether the voltage is 90%-110% of the line rated value and the current is less than 80% of the corresponding line transformer rated current to determine normal;

[0077] Current sudden change di / dt judgment: Monitor the rising rate of current instantaneous value to identify sudden impact current, and if di / dt<80A / ms (threshold value can be adjusted according to actual line conditions), it is determined to be normal, otherwise it is considered to be abnormal.

[0078] Zero sequence current judgment: Analyze the size of zero sequence current through three-phase current vector sum to identify ground fault (threshold value is set to 5A, threshold value can be adjusted according to actual line conditions).

[0079] Voltage drop judgment: Monitor whether the voltage effective value suddenly drops (judge U<90% of the rated value, and the duration exceeds 10ms).

[0080] In this embodiment, the fault identification result is composed of a fault identification signal F_flag and a severity level (Level);

[0081] In this embodiment, the identification result based on each identification algorithm generates a fault identification result, which includes:

[0082] The number of abnormal identification results is counted, and the counted value is used as the severity level; the larger the value, the higher the severity level;

[0083] The fault identification result includes:

[0084] F_flag = 0: normal operating state;

[0085] F_flag = 1: slight abnormal state; for example, load impact fault;

[0086] F_flag ≥ 2: fault state; for example, interphase short circuit, high resistance ground fault, etc.

[0087] In step 104, based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, a power supply mode is determined and the capacitor power supply module, the super capacitor and the battery are controlled to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes a capacitor power supply mode, a battery power supply mode and a fault mode.

[0088] In this embodiment, the reference Figure 4 An implementation of step 104 is as follows:

[0089] In step 302, when the fault identification result is F_flag = 0 and the output power of the capacitor power supply module is greater than or equal to a preset output power threshold, it is determined that the power supply mode is the capacitor power supply mode.

[0090] In step 304, when the fault identification result is F_flag = 1 or the output power of the capacitor power supply module is less than the preset output power threshold, it is determined that the power supply mode is the battery power supply mode.

[0091] In step 306, when the fault identification result is F_flag ≥ 2, it is determined that the power supply mode is the fault mode.

[0092] In step 106, the capacitor power supply module takes power from the line, part of which supplies power to the monitoring circuit in the capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and the super capacitor.

[0093] In this embodiment, when the power supply mode is the capacitor power supply mode, the primary and secondary fusion column switches are in a steady-state monitoring mode without operation instructions at this time, only the monitoring circuit is turned on to perform the state monitoring task of line current and voltage, the power management module simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the super capacitor and the discharge branch of the battery, the super capacitor only retains a microampere-level floating branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, and the battery is completely in a power-off standby state; and in the capacitor power supply mode, the working power supply of the monitoring circuit is directly borne by the capacitor power supply module, the capacitor power supply module continuously takes power from the line, and after processing by the isolation protection unit and the power management module, a stable voltage is output to supply power to the monitoring circuit, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions.

[0094] Specifically, mode one: capacitor main supply mode.

[0095] When F_flag = 0 is detected, and the output power of Pc1 is not less than 5W, it is indicated that the on-column switch is in a steady-state monitoring mode without operation instruction, only performing line current, voltage and other state monitoring tasks, and the power consumption demand of the system is extremely low. At this time, the control strategy prioritizes low-power operation and energy storage, and the algorithm will simultaneously disconnect the main discharge circuit of the super capacitor and the discharge branch of the battery, and the super capacitor only retains a micro-ampere-level floating branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, and the battery is completely in a power-off standby state, thereby fundamentally eliminating static loss. In this mode, the working power supply of the monitoring circuit (such as MCU and sensor) is directly borne by the capacitor power supply module, the capacitor power supply module continuously takes power from the line, processes the output voltage through the isolation protection unit and the power management module, and outputs a stable voltage to supply power to the monitoring circuit, thereby ensuring the normal sampling and communication functions.

[0096] In terms of energy supplement, the capacitor power supply module follows the charging logic of battery priority and super capacitor backup. When the battery power (converted through voltage sampling) is lower than 80%, the energy of the power supply module is fully supplemented to the battery through the charging circuit; when the battery power reaches 100%, the excess energy is supplemented to the super capacitor through the constant-current charging circuit until the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the rated value, thereby avoiding the loss caused by overcharging.

[0097] Step 108, the super capacitor outputs current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the battery in the fault mode;

[0098] Step 110, the battery supplies power to the monitoring circuit in the battery power supply mode, and outputs current to the DC-DC circuit in parallel with the super capacitor in the fault mode;

[0099] Step 112, the DC-DC circuit superimposes the currents output by the super capacitor and the battery in the fault mode, and supplies power to the opening / closing driving mechanism and the communication module.

[0100] Specifically, mode two: battery power supply mode.

[0101] When F_flag = 1 is detected, or the output power of Pc1 is less than 5W, it is determined that there is an abnormal situation such as loss of line or load impact. The control power switching circuit cuts off the input of the external power supply module, switches to the battery power supply for the system, and ensures the completion of key functions such as fault reporting and opening / closing operation instruction. When the fault recognition algorithm outputs F_flag = 1 (minor abnormality), the algorithm escort mode is started, the control unit predicts that a fault may occur, the sampling rate of the voltage and current signals is increased from 2kHz to 2MHz, the calculation strength of the fault recognition algorithm is increased, the system is in a “preparation” state, the energy is prepared for the possible mode three, and the response delay of mode switching is reduced.

[0102] Specifically, mode three: fault mode (hybrid power supply + battery priority)

[0103] 1. Start condition: when the fault recognition algorithm outputs F_flag >= 2 (i.e. it is confirmed that a serious fault has occurred), this mode is immediately started.

[0104] 2. Execution action:

[0105] 2.1 Energy convergence: control the battery management circuit, command the battery and super capacitor to switch from charging mode to large current discharging mode, and parallelly connect with the front-end capacitor power taking system to form an "energy pool" with maximum power.

[0106] 2.2 Determine the power supply target: all available energy is preferentially supplied to the opening / closing drive mechanism and 4G / 5G communication module to ensure that the switch can reliably act to remove the fault and upload the fault information to the master station in the first time. Other non-essential loads can be temporarily powered off.

[0107] 3. Action flow: when the pole-mounted switch receives the opening / closing command, it needs to output high power to drive the operating mechanism instantly. The power management module receives the operating command through the hardware interrupt interface, and the system automatically switches to the transient operation mode. The algorithm first drives the PWM control semiconductor switching device in the super capacitor discharging loop, and the MCU generates a PWM signal (20kHz) which is transmitted to the gate of the semiconductor switching device through the gate drive circuit. At the same time, the Boost topology pre-boosting circuit is started to lift the super capacitor output voltage to the voltage value required by the operating mechanism; the switching device (relay contact) of the battery discharging loop is triggered synchronously, and another Boost circuit is used to boost the battery output voltage from the rated value to the voltage value required by the operating mechanism, and the voltage difference between the two is ensured to be ≤0.5V through real-time voltage sampling to avoid circulating loss caused by voltage inconsistency when parallelly connected.

[0108] In this embodiment, the Boost circuit output voltage needs to be stabilized at the operating mechanism requirement value, and the voltage monitoring module collects the actual output voltage of the Boost circuit in real time. When the detected Boost output voltage fluctuation exceeds ±2%, the MCU synchronously corrects the duty cycle, increases when the voltage is low, and decreases when the voltage is high, to ensure that the power = voltage x current result is accurate.

[0109] The duty cycle refers to the ratio of the high-level duration of the PWM signal to the total time of a cycle, for example, the PWM signal cycle of 20 kHz is 50 μs. The "high level" of the PWM signal corresponds to the on command of the switching device, and the "low level" corresponds to the off command. When the switching device is in the on state, the super capacitor is connected to the discharge circuit of the operating mechanism, and the current is released. When the switching device is in the off state, the discharge circuit is disconnected, and the discharge process is suspended. The average current of the super capacitor to the operating mechanism in unit time is the average current.

[0110] The power of the super capacitor and the battery is superimposed by using dynamic allocation logic. The algorithm is based on the characteristics of the high power density of the super capacitor and the energy stability of the battery. The preset basic power allocation ratio is that the super capacitor bears 80% and the battery bears 20%. The super capacitor outputs 24 W, and the battery outputs 6 W. The two are superimposed by a common mode inductor (to suppress the ripple). If real-time monitoring finds that the total power is lower than the demand value (such as the actual output power being lower due to component aging and low temperature attenuation), it is not enough to drive the operating mechanism to act, the MCU prolongs the high-level duration and shortens the low-level duration by using the algorithm. At this time, the on time of the switching device is prolonged, and the off time is shortened. The prolongation of the on time of the switching device directly increases the cumulative length of the current released by the super capacitor to the operating mechanism in unit time. Since the average discharge current is positively correlated with the duty cycle (i.e., average current = peak current × duty cycle), the average current will increase with the increase of the duty cycle. Since the output power of the super capacitor is equal to the product of its output voltage and average discharge current (i.e., output power = voltage × average current), the increase of the average current will inevitably lead to the increase of the output power, which can effectively make up for the power shortage during transient operation. Using a 20 kHz high-frequency PWM signal to drive the super capacitor switching device can achieve smooth adjustment of the power. The system collects the operating mechanism action state in real time. If the power is still insufficient, the duty cycle will continue to increase by 10% each time. Through the superposition of the output power of the super capacitor and the battery, the large power energy required by the operating mechanism can be released instantaneously, which can meet the demand of the operating mechanism for instantaneous large power during opening or closing action, and ensure that the operating mechanism can complete the action quickly, accurately and reliably within milliseconds, solving the problems of operation delay or refusal caused by insufficient power.

[0111] When the operating mechanism completes the opening or closing action, the built-in position sensor outputs an effective signal to the power management module to feed back the command of the action completion. The algorithm immediately starts the recovery process, the system exits the transient mode, the MCU immediately reduces the duty cycle to 0%, stops the PWM signal output, and the semiconductor switching device is in the off state, disconnecting the discharge circuit of the super capacitor and the battery, and switching back to the steady-state monitoring mode, waiting for the next command. The transient operation mode flow is as followsFigure 5 As shown.

[0112] Based on this, the method has the following beneficial effects:

[0113] 1. Super capacitor parallel to realize power superposition

[0114] The structure of the parallel connection of the battery and the super capacitor is added to the energy supply of the switch capacitor voltage division on the traditional one-time fusion pole, and the characteristics of high power density and fast charging and discharging of the super capacitor are used. When the operating mechanism is in action, the output power of the two is superimposed, and the demand for large power is released instantaneously, breaking through the power bottleneck of the traditional capacitor power module, ensuring the fast and reliable action of the switch. This cooperative working mode of continuous energy taking and instantaneous energy releasing fundamentally realizes the instantaneous large power output by virtue of the parallel structure of the battery and the super capacitor, fully utilizes the high-efficiency energy storage characteristics of the super capacitor, makes up for the defects of the insufficient instantaneous power of the battery, and increases the rated output power from 5W of the single capacitor power module to 30W, so as to provide sufficient driving force when the operating mechanism needs to act. Moreover, in the steady state mode, the discharging branch of the super capacitor and the battery is disconnected at the same time, only the micro-ampere level floating circuit is reserved, the self-discharge current of the super capacitor is controlled in the micro-ampere level, the static power consumption of the battery tends to zero, the monitoring circuit is directly powered by the capacitor power module, and the static power consumption of the system is greatly reduced.

[0115] 2. Dual power energy acquisition logic

[0116] The capacitor power module takes energy from the line through a high-voltage dividing capacitor, realizes high-low voltage isolation through an isolation protection unit, and then rectifies, filters and stabilizes the voltage through a power management module. Part of it is used to power the basic monitoring circuit, and the other part is used to charge the battery and the super capacitor, forming a stable energy supply chain.

[0117] 3. Integrated line fault recognition algorithm, which can quickly judge the fault types such as short circuit and ground. The algorithm is not only used for power distribution automation function, but also its output signal is used as the trigger condition of the hybrid supplementary mode, to ensure that sufficient energy is provided at the critical moment of fault handling.

[0118] 4. Core design: dynamic allocation of power output power of pole-mounted switch in transient operation mode

[0119] Through the closed-loop logic of basic proportional distribution and high-frequency PWM dynamic compensation, when the total output power is found to be lower than the demand of the operating mechanism (such as power shortage caused by component aging and low temperature attenuation), the algorithm starts the PWM signal adjustment mechanism, increases the average discharge current of the super capacitor, and increases the output power. The instantaneous power advantage of the super capacitor is also realized, and the operation delay or refusal caused by power shortage is avoided through real-time feedback,

[0120] 5. Double protection of super capacitor power

[0121] Dual protection is formed by voltage monitoring module and clock module. When the super capacitor voltage drops to 70% of the capacity, or 24 hours have passed since the last charging, the power management module is triggered to charge the super capacitor to 100% in the non-operation stage of the switch, which avoids overcharging and over-discharging, prevents energy shortage caused by monitoring module failure, and ensures that the super capacitor can provide sufficient power at any time.

[0122] It should be noted that different embodiments can produce different beneficial effects, and in different embodiments, the beneficial effects that can be produced can be any one or a combination of the above, or any other beneficial effect that can be obtained.

[0123] The above has described the basic concept, and it is obvious that the above detailed disclosure is only used as an example for those skilled in the art, and does not constitute a limitation on the specification. Although it is not explicitly stated here, those skilled in the art can make various modifications, improvements and corrections to the specification. Such modifications, improvements and corrections are suggested in the specification, so such modifications, improvements and corrections still belong to the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the specification.

[0124] At the same time, specific words are used in the specification to describe the embodiments of the specification. As "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and / or "some embodiments" means a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that the "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "one alternative embodiment" mentioned in different places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, some features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the specification can be properly combined.

[0125] In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that aspects of the specification can be described and claimed in a number of patentable aspects or claims, including any new and useful processes, machines, products or compositions of matter, or any new and useful improvements thereof. Accordingly, various aspects of the specification can be performed entirely by hardware, entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or by a combination of hardware and software. The above hardware or software can be referred to as "data blocks", "modules", "engines", "units", "components" or "systems". In addition, aspects of the specification can be manifested as computer products located in one or more computer readable media, including computer readable program codes.

[0126] Computer storage media can include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program code, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, solid state drives (SSDs), flash memory, phase-change memory ("PCM"), other types of memory, other types of storage medium, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer storage media can be embedded in a computer system, for example, as system memory or system storage, or provided externally to the computer system, for example, as a removable memory drive or other storage device.

[0127] It should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a component" or "the component" can include a combination of two or more components, and the like.

[0128] Some embodiments use numerals to describe components, quantities of attributes. It should be understood that such numerals used in the description of embodiments can, in some examples, be modified by the adjectives "about," "approximately," or "substantially." Unless otherwise indicated, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" indicates that the described dimension allows for ±20% variation. Accordingly, numerical parameters such as those outlined in the specification and claims are approximations, and can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the particular embodiment. In some embodiments, numerical parameters are determined by the use of standard techniques. Although the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of numeric values included in the specification are approximations, unless otherwise indicated the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. The numerical values set forth in the specific examples are provided to be most realistic.

[0129] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative only and that the scope of the present specification is dictated more broadly by the appended claims. Thus, for example, alternative configurations of the embodiments described herein can be considered as within the scope of the present specification. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are not to be limited by the specific illustrative embodiments described in this specification.

Claims

1. A method for adaptive power supply of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, characterized in that, include: Fault identification is performed based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit of the integrated primary and secondary pole-mounted switch, and the fault identification results are output. Based on the fault identification results and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, the power supply mode is determined and the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery are controlled to supply power respectively. The power supply modes include capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode; The capacitor power module draws power from the line, part of which powers the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. In fault mode, the supercapacitor is connected in parallel with the battery to output current to the DC-DC circuit; The battery supplies power to the monitoring circuit in battery-powered mode; In fault mode, it is connected in parallel with a supercapacitor to output current to a DC-DC circuit; In fault mode, the DC-DC circuit superimposes the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module. The fault identification result consists of the fault identification signal F_flag and the severity level; Based on the voltage transformer and current transformer built into the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary line are continuously collected. The three-phase voltage and three-phase current are input into each identification algorithm in parallel to identify the fault and obtain the identification results of each identification algorithm. Based on the recognition results of each recognition algorithm, fault recognition results are generated; The number of cases identified as abnormal is statistically analyzed, and the statistical value is used as the severity level. The higher the value, the more severe the severity. The fault identification results include: F_flag = 0: Normal operating status; F_flag = 1: Minor abnormal state; F_flag ≥ 2: Fault status; The determination of the power supply mode based on the fault identification results and the output power of the capacitor power supply module includes: When the fault identification result is F_flag = 0 and the output power of the capacitor power supply module is greater than or equal to the preset output power threshold, the power supply mode is determined to be capacitor power supply mode. When the fault identification result is F_flag = 1 or the output power of the capacitor power module is less than the preset output power threshold, the power supply mode is determined to be battery power supply mode. When the fault identification result is F_flag ≥ 2, the power supply mode is determined to be a fault mode; When the power supply mode is battery power supply mode, if an abnormal situation such as power loss or load impact is detected in the line, the power management module disconnects the connection with the capacitor power supply module and switches to the battery power supply for the monitoring circuit. When the fault identification result is F_flag = 1, the algorithm escort mode is activated. The energy management control unit predicts that a fault may occur and increases the sampling rate of the voltage and current signals from 2kHz to 2MHz to increase the calculation intensity of the fault identification algorithm, so that the system is in a "ready" state, prepares energy for the fault mode that may occur instantly, and reduces the response delay of mode switching.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The recognition algorithms include: The overvoltage and overcurrent identification algorithm is used to calculate the effective values ​​of three-phase voltage and three-phase current. The effective values ​​of voltage and current are compared with voltage thresholds and current thresholds, respectively. If the effective value of voltage is within the preset range of the voltage threshold and the effective value of current is less than the current threshold, the overvoltage and overcurrent identification results are judged to be normal; otherwise, the overvoltage and overcurrent identification results are judged to be abnormal. The current mutation identification algorithm is used to monitor the rise rate of the instantaneous value of the three-phase current. If the rise rate is less than the preset rise rate threshold, the current mutation identification result is determined to be normal; otherwise, the current mutation identification result is determined to be abnormal. The zero-sequence current identification algorithm is used to obtain the zero-sequence current value by calculating the vector sum of the three-phase currents. If the zero-sequence current value is less than the preset zero-sequence current threshold, the zero-sequence current identification result is determined to be normal; otherwise, the zero-sequence current identification result is determined to be abnormal. The voltage drop identification algorithm is used to monitor the effective value of the three-phase voltage. If the effective voltage value is less than the preset voltage rating and the duration exceeds the preset time threshold, the voltage drop identification result is determined to be abnormal; otherwise, the voltage drop identification result is determined to be normal.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is capacitor power supply mode, the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch is in a steady-state monitoring mode without operation commands. Only the monitoring circuit is turned on to perform the status monitoring tasks of line current and voltage. The power management module simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the supercapacitor from the discharge branch of the battery. The supercapacitor retains only the microampere-level float charge branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, while the battery is completely de-energized and idle. In capacitor power supply mode, the working power supply of the monitoring circuit is directly undertaken by the capacitor power extraction module. The capacitor power extraction module continuously draws energy from the line, and after processing by the isolation protection unit and the power management module, it outputs a stable voltage to power the monitoring circuit, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is capacitor power supply mode, the capacitor power extraction module follows the charging logic of battery priority and supercapacitor backup. When the battery power is lower than the first preset power, all the energy of the capacitor power extraction module is used to replenish the battery through the charging circuit. When the battery power reaches 100%, the excess energy is used to replenish the supercapacitor through the constant current charging circuit until the supercapacitor voltage reaches the rated value and then stops.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is fault mode, the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch is in transient operation mode. The power management circuit controls the battery and supercapacitor to switch from charging mode to high-current discharge mode to supply power to the tripping / closing drive mechanism and communication module. Specifically, when the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch receives a tripping / closing command, the power management module drives the battery and supercapacitor to supply power to the tripping / closing drive mechanism in the following way: The power management module drives the PWM-controlled semiconductor switching device in the supercapacitor discharge circuit to turn on, and at the same time starts the first Boost topology pre-boost circuit to raise the output voltage of the supercapacitor to the target voltage value required by the opening / closing drive mechanism; The power management module synchronously triggers the switching devices of the battery discharge circuit, and synchronously boosts the battery output voltage from the rated value to the target voltage value required by the opening / closing drive mechanism through the second Boost topology pre-boost circuit; Based on the preset basic allocation ratio and target output power, the output power to be assigned to the supercapacitor and the battery is determined. The output power of the supercapacitor and the battery is superimposed by the DC-DC circuit to obtain the superimposed power to power the opening / closing drive mechanism to complete the opening and closing actions. After the opening / closing drive mechanism completes the opening and closing action, the power management module, based on the received action completion instruction, controls the system to exit the fault mode, and the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch resumes the position monitoring mode.

6. A primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch adaptive power supply system implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that, include: The capacitor power extraction module located on the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch, and the supercapacitor, power management module, battery, energy management control unit, and DC-DC circuit located on the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch. The capacitor power extraction module includes a high-voltage voltage divider capacitor and an isolation protection unit, which is used to extract energy from the line. Part of it supplies power to the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. The energy management and control unit is used to identify faults based on the three-phase voltage, three-phase current and output power of the capacitor power extraction module of the primary circuit of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, and output the fault identification results. The power management module includes a power management circuit, which is used to determine the power supply mode based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, and control the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery to supply power respectively. The power supply modes include capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode; Supercapacitors are used in parallel with batteries to output current to DC-DC circuits in fault mode. A storage battery, used to power the monitoring circuit in battery-powered mode; In fault mode, it is connected in parallel with a supercapacitor to output current to a DC-DC circuit; The DC-DC circuit is used to superimpose the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery in fault mode to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

Images