Communication method and device and readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a communication method and device and a readable storage medium, and is applied to the technical field of communication. According to the communication method provided by the invention, the signal transmission loss in a certain direction compared with the signal transmission loss in another direction can be determined, and the transmission loss can be used for estimating the shielding degree between the NTN equipment and the communication device on the ground in the direction. The communication method comprises the following steps: a first communication device receives a measurement configuration, wherein the measurement configuration comprises information of a first direction; the first communication device measures a first beam and a second beam sent by the NTN device according to the measurement configuration to obtain a measurement result of the first beam and a measurement result of the second beam, the direction of the first beam being a first direction, and the direction of the second beam being a second direction; wherein the measurement result of the first wave beam and the measurement result of the second wave beam are used for determining first loss, and the first loss is loss of signal transmission in the second direction compared with signal transmission in the first direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to communication methods, apparatus and readable storage media. Background Technology

[0002] Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) communication can utilize NTN equipment such as drones, high altitude platform stations (HAPS), and satellites to form networks, providing data transmission, voice communication, and other services to terminal devices on the ground. Compared to terrestrial communication, NTN communication has the advantages of large coverage area and flexible networking.

[0003] In NTN communication, communication between NTN devices and terminal devices is affected by obstructions. When there is no obstruction, NTN devices and terminal devices can communicate; when completely obstructed, communication is impossible. There may also be partial obstructions between NTN devices and terminal devices. If the obstruction is minor, communication can still be maintained; if the obstruction is severe, most communication between the NTN devices and terminal devices may be impossible. If the degree of obstruction between the NTN devices and terminal devices can be determined, and transmission loss information can be obtained, this information can be used to improve communication quality. However, currently there is no scheme for estimating the degree of partial obstruction between NTN devices and terminal devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a communication method, apparatus, and readable storage medium, which can determine the transmission loss between an NTN device and a terminal device and estimate the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the terminal device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a first communication device or by a module (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system) applied to the first communication device. The following description uses the execution of this communication method by a first communication device as an example. The method includes: the first communication device receiving a measurement configuration, the measurement configuration including information about a first direction; the first communication device measuring a first beam and a second beam transmitted by an NTN device according to the measurement configuration, obtaining measurement results of the first beam and the second beam, wherein the direction of the first beam is the first direction and the direction of the second beam is the second direction; wherein the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used to determine a first loss, the first loss being the signal transmission loss in the second direction compared to the signal transmission in the first direction.

[0007] Based on the communication method provided in this application embodiment, the first communication device can measure the beams transmitted by the NTN device in different directions according to the measurement configuration, and obtain the measurement results in different directions. If one of the different directions is regarded as the reference direction, the signal transmission loss in any direction can be obtained. Compared with the signal transmission loss in the reference direction, the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in any direction can be estimated based on the signal transmission loss. For example, if the signal transmission loss is positive, it means that the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is more severe than that in the reference direction; if the signal transmission loss is negative, it means that the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is less severe than that in the reference direction.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned reference direction can be extended to other factors affecting beam direction. For example, it can be understood that since the direction of the beam transmitted by the NTN device to the first communication device depends on the direction of the connection between the NTN device and the first communication device, determining the signal transmission loss of a certain direction compared to the reference direction in the communication method provided in this application embodiment can also be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of the NTN device transmitting a beam at a certain position compared to the NTN device transmitting a beam at a reference position. Moreover, in some scenarios, such as when the NTN device is a satellite and operates according to corresponding ephemeris information, since there is a certain mapping relationship between the position and time of the NTN device in its orbit, determining the signal transmission loss of a certain direction compared to the reference direction can also be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of the NTN device transmitting a beam at a certain time compared to transmitting a beam at a reference time.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are used to determine the first loss, including: the first communication device determining the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam.

[0010] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can measure the beam and determine the loss itself, saving resource costs.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes a correlation of the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP); the correlation of the EIRP is used to determine the first loss.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the method further includes: a first communication device determining a first difference based on a relevant quantity of EIRP, the first difference being the difference between the EIRP of the second beam and the EIRP of the first beam, the first difference being used to determine a first loss.

[0013] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can determine the signal transmission loss in one direction compared to another by the change in EIRP of the beams in different directions.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect mentioned above, in one possible design, the relevant quantities of EIRP include the relationship between the EIRP difference and the time interval, where the EIRP difference is the difference between the EIRP at the first time point and the EIRP at the second time point, and the time interval is the difference between the first time point and the second time point.

[0015] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can easily determine the first loss according to the correlation quantity of EIRP and the timing of the received beam.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are used to determine the first loss, including: the first communication device determines the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device.

[0017] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can determine the first loss by combining the operating trajectory represented by the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the first loss is determined based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device. This includes: the first communication device determining a second difference based on the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device. The second difference is the difference between the first free space path loss (FSPL) and the second FSPL, and the second difference is used to determine the first loss. The first FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the second beam, and the second FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the first beam.

[0019] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can determine the signal transmission loss by measuring the change in FSPL between the first communication device and the NTN device when the first beam and the second beam are transmitted by the NTN device.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes a correlation quantity of the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL; the correlation quantity of the superimposed values ​​is used to determine the first loss.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the method further includes: the first communication device determining a third difference based on the correlation between the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL, the third difference being the superimposed value of EIRP and FSPL of the second beam compared to the difference between the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL of the first beam, the third difference being used to determine the first loss.

[0022] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can determine the change in the superposition value when the NTN device transmits the second beam compared to when it transmits the first beam, based on the correlation between the superposition values ​​of EIRP and FSPL in the measurement configuration, and can easily determine the signal transmission loss.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes first indication information; the first indication information is used to indicate that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

[0024] This solution is also applicable to scenarios where the first and second beams are equal-throughput beams. In this scenario, the changes in EIRP transmitted by the NTN device for different beams can compensate for the changes in path loss caused by the changes in satellite-to-ground distance. Therefore, the measurement configuration does not need to include the relevant quantities of EIRP, which can reduce configuration overhead.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, before the first communication device receives the measurement configuration, the method further includes: the first communication device sending capability information to the NTN device, the capability information indicating that the first communication device is able to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

[0026] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can indicate that it has the ability to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device, so that the NTN device can determine that the first communication device can determine the change in antenna gain and can initiate measurement configuration to the first communication device, thus avoiding the NTN device initiating measurement configuration to the first communication device that does not have this capability.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the method further includes: the first communication device determining a fourth difference, the fourth difference being the difference between the antenna gain of the receiving antenna of the first communication device when the first communication device receives the second beam and the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when the first communication device receives the first beam, the fourth difference being used to determine the first loss.

[0028] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can determine the signal transmission loss by the change in antenna gain of its receiving antenna when receiving beams from different directions.

[0029] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible design, the method further includes: the first communication device sending second indication information to the NTN device, the second indication information being used to indicate the first loss.

[0030] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can indicate the first loss to the NTN device, so that the NTN device can perform corresponding operations according to the first loss and improve the communication quality.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect described above, in one possible design, the method further includes: a first communication device transmitting measurement results of a first beam and a second beam to an NTN device. The measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used to determine a first loss, including: the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used by the NTN device to determine the first loss.

[0032] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can send measurement results to the NTN device, enabling the NTN device to determine the signal transmission loss based on the measurement results and reduce the load on the first communication device.

[0033] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by an NTN device or by a module (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system) applied to the NTN device. The following description uses an NTN device executing this communication method as an example. The method includes: the NTN device sending a measurement configuration to a first communication device; the measurement configuration includes information about a first direction. The NTN device sends a first beam and a second beam to the first communication device, the first beam being in the first direction and the second beam being in the second direction. The NTN device receives third indication information from the first communication device, the third indication information being used to determine a first loss, the first loss being the signal transmission loss in the second direction compared to the signal transmission in the first direction.

[0034] Based on the communication method provided in this application, after the NTN device sends beams in different directions to the first communication device, if one of the different directions is considered as a reference direction, the NTN device can determine the signal transmission loss in any direction compared to the signal transmission loss in the reference direction based on the indication information from the first communication device. Therefore, based on the signal transmission loss, the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in any direction can be estimated. For example, if the signal transmission loss is positive, it indicates that the obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is more severe than the reference direction; if the signal transmission loss is negative, it indicates that the obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is less severe than the reference direction.

[0035] Furthermore, the aforementioned reference direction can be extended to other factors affecting beam direction. For example, determining the signal transmission loss in a certain direction compared to the reference direction can also be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of an NTN device transmitting a beam at a certain location compared to the signal transmission loss of an NTN device transmitting a beam at a reference location. Alternatively, it can be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of an NTN device transmitting a beam at a certain moment compared to the signal transmission loss of a beam transmitting a beam at a reference moment.

[0036] In conjunction with the second aspect above, in one possible design, the third indication information is used to determine the first loss, including: the third indication information includes the first loss; or, the third indication information includes the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam, the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam being used to determine the first loss.

[0037] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can directly indicate the first loss to the NTN device, or it can indicate the measurement results of different beams to the NTN device, so that the NTN device can determine the first loss based on the measurement results of different beams.

[0038] In conjunction with the second aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes the correlation quantity of EIRP; the correlation quantity of EIRP is used to determine the first loss.

[0039] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can acquire the EIRP of beams in different directions, which makes it easier for the first communication device to determine the first loss.

[0040] In conjunction with the second aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes a correlation between the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL; the correlation between the superimposed values ​​is used to determine the first loss.

[0041] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can obtain the superposition values ​​of EIRP and FSPL corresponding to beams in different directions, which facilitates the first communication device in determining the first loss.

[0042] In conjunction with the second aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes first indication information; the first indication information is used to indicate that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

[0043] This solution is also applicable to scenarios where the first and second beams are equal-throughput beams. In this scenario, the changes in EIRP transmitted by the NTN device for different beams can compensate for the changes in path loss caused by the changes in satellite-to-ground distance. Therefore, the measurement configuration does not need to include the relevant quantities of EIRP, which can reduce configuration overhead.

[0044] In conjunction with the second aspect above, in one possible design, before sending the measurement configuration to the first communication device, the method further includes: the NTN device receiving capability information from the first communication device, the capability information indicating that the first communication device is capable of determining the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

[0045] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can indicate that it has the ability to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device, so that the NTN device can determine that the first communication device can determine the change in antenna gain and can initiate measurement configuration to the first communication device, thus avoiding the NTN device initiating measurement configuration to the first communication device that does not have this capability.

[0046] Thirdly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a first communication device or by a module (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system) applied to the first communication device. The following description uses the execution of this communication method by the first communication device as an example. The method includes: the first communication device receiving a measurement configuration; the measurement configuration includes information about a third direction. Based on the measurement configuration, the first communication device sends a third beam and a fourth beam to an NTN device, the direction of the third beam being the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam being the fourth direction. The first communication device sends fourth indication information to the NTN device, the fourth indication information indicating a fifth difference, the fifth difference being the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam, the fifth difference being used to determine a second loss, the second loss being the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

[0047] Based on the communication method provided in this application embodiment, the first communication device can send beams in different directions to the NTN device according to the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device. The first communication device can also determine the change in EIRP of the beams in different directions and indicate this change to the NTN device. If one of the different directions is considered a reference direction, the NTN device can determine the signal transmission loss in any direction compared to the signal transmission loss in the reference direction based on the obtained change in EIRP. Therefore, based on the signal transmission loss, the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in any direction can be estimated. For example, if the signal transmission loss is positive, it indicates that the obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is more severe than in the reference direction; if the signal transmission loss is negative, it indicates that the obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is less severe than in the reference direction.

[0048] Furthermore, the aforementioned reference direction can be extended to other factors affecting beam direction. For example, determining the signal transmission loss in a certain direction compared to the reference direction can also be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of the NTN device receiving the beam at a certain location compared to the NTN device receiving the beam at the reference location. Alternatively, it can be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of the NTN device receiving the beam at a certain moment compared to receiving the beam at the reference moment.

[0049] In conjunction with the third aspect mentioned above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes a fifth indication message, which instructs the first communication device to transmit the third and fourth beams and to transmit the fourth indication message to the NTN device.

[0050] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can record the EIRP when transmitting the beam under the instruction of the NTN device, determine the change in EIRP, and send it to the NTN device.

[0051] Fourthly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by an NTN device or by a module (e.g., processor, chip, or chip system) applied to the NTN device. The following description uses the execution of this communication method by an NTN device as an example. The method includes: the NTN device sending a measurement configuration to a first communication device; the measurement configuration includes third-direction information. The NTN device receives a third beam and a fourth beam from the first communication device, the direction of the third beam being the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam being the fourth direction. The NTN device measures the third beam and the fourth beam to obtain measurement results for the third beam and the fourth beam; the NTN device receives fourth indication information from the first communication device, the fourth indication information indicating a fifth difference, the fifth difference being the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam; the NTN device determines a second loss based on the measurement results of the third beam, the fourth beam, and the fifth difference, the second loss being the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

[0052] Based on the communication method provided in this application, the NTN device can measure beams transmitted by the first communication device in different directions, obtain measurement results in different directions, and also receive the EIRP changes of the beams in different directions from the first communication device. If one of the different directions is considered as a reference direction, the signal transmission loss in any direction can be obtained compared to the signal transmission loss in the reference direction. Therefore, the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in any direction can be estimated based on the signal transmission loss. For example, if the signal transmission loss is positive, it indicates that the obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is more severe than in the reference direction; if the signal transmission loss is negative, it indicates that the obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is less severe than in the reference direction.

[0053] Furthermore, the aforementioned reference direction can be extended to other factors affecting beam direction. For example, determining the signal transmission loss in a certain direction compared to the reference direction can also be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of the NTN device receiving the beam at a certain location compared to the NTN device receiving the beam at the reference location. Alternatively, it can be understood as determining the signal transmission loss of the NTN device receiving the beam at a certain moment compared to receiving the beam at the reference moment.

[0054] In conjunction with the fourth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes fifth indication information, which is used to instruct the first communication device to transmit the third and fourth beams and to transmit the fourth indication information to the NTN device.

[0055] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can record the EIRP when transmitting the beam under the instruction of the NTN device, determine the change in EIRP, and send it to the NTN device.

[0056] In conjunction with the fourth aspect above, in one possible design, the method further includes: the NTN device determining a sixth difference, the sixth difference being used to determine a second loss, the sixth difference being the difference between the third FSPL and the fourth FSPL; wherein the third FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the fourth beam, and the fourth FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the third beam.

[0057] Based on this scheme, the NTN device can determine the first loss by combining the change in FSPL between the first communication device and the NTN device when receiving different beams.

[0058] In conjunction with the fourth aspect above, in one possible design, determining the sixth difference includes: the NTN device receiving the sixth difference from the first communication device.

[0059] Based on this scheme, the first communication device can directly send the change in FSPL to the NTN device, saving the resource overhead of the NTN device.

[0060] In conjunction with the fourth aspect above, in one possible design, the method further includes: the NTN device determining a seventh difference, the seventh difference being used to determine a second loss, the seventh difference being the difference between the antenna gain of the NTN device's receiving antenna when the NTN device receives the fourth beam and the antenna gain of the NTN device's receiving antenna when the NTN device receives the third beam.

[0061] Based on this scheme, NTN equipment can determine the first loss by combining the changes in antenna gain when receiving beams from different directions.

[0062] Fifthly, a communication device is provided for implementing the method implemented by the first communication device in the first aspect described above.

[0063] The communication device includes modules, units, or means that implement the above methods. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.

[0064] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module; wherein the transceiver module is used to receive a measurement configuration, the measurement configuration including information of a first direction. The processing module is used to measure a first beam and a second beam transmitted by the NTN device according to the measurement configuration, to obtain measurement results of the first beam and the second beam, wherein the direction of the first beam is a first direction and the direction of the second beam is a second direction; wherein the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used to determine a first loss, the first loss being the signal transmission loss in the second direction compared to the signal transmission in the first direction.

[0065] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam.

[0066] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes the correlation quantity of EIRP; the correlation quantity of EIRP is used to determine the first loss.

[0067] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine a first difference based on the relevant quantity of EIRP, the first difference being the difference between the EIRP of the second beam and the EIRP of the first beam, and the first difference is used to determine a first loss.

[0068] In conjunction with the fifth aspect mentioned above, in one possible design, the relevant quantities of EIRP include the relationship between the EIRP difference and the time interval, where the EIRP difference is the difference between the EIRP at the first time point and the EIRP at the second time point, and the time interval is the difference between the first time point and the second time point.

[0069] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device.

[0070] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module determines the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device. This includes: determining a second difference based on the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device. The second difference is the difference between the first FSPL and the second FSPL, and the second difference is used to determine the first loss. Wherein, the first FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the second beam, and the second FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the first beam.

[0071] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes a correlation quantity of the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL; the correlation quantity of the superimposed values ​​is used to determine the first loss.

[0072] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine a third difference based on the correlation between the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL. The third difference is the superimposed value of EIRP and FSPL of the second beam compared to the difference between the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL of the first beam. The third difference is used to determine the first loss.

[0073] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes first indication information; the first indication information is used to indicate that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

[0074] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the transceiver module is also used to send capability information to the NTN device, the capability information indicating that the first communication device can determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

[0075] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine a fourth difference, which is the difference between the antenna gain of the receiving antenna of the first communication device when the first communication device receives the second beam and the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when the first communication device receives the first beam. The fourth difference is used to determine the first loss.

[0076] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the transceiver module is also used to send a second indication information to the NTN device, the second indication information being used to indicate the first loss.

[0077] In conjunction with the fifth aspect above, in one possible design, the transceiver module is also used to send the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam to the NTN device.

[0078] In a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided for implementing the method implemented by the NTN device in the second aspect described above.

[0079] The communication device includes modules, units, or means that implement the above methods. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.

[0080] In conjunction with the sixth aspect above, in one possible design, the communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module; wherein the transceiver module is used to send a measurement configuration to the first communication device; the measurement configuration includes information about a first direction. The transceiver module is also used to send a first beam and a second beam to the first communication device, the first beam being in the first direction and the second beam being in the second direction. The transceiver module is also used to receive third indication information from the first communication device; the processing module is used to determine a first loss, the first loss being the signal transmission loss in the second direction compared to the signal transmission loss in the first direction.

[0081] In conjunction with the sixth aspect above, in one possible design, the third indication information is used to determine the first loss, including: the third indication information includes the first loss; or, the third indication information includes the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam, the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam being used to determine the first loss.

[0082] In conjunction with the sixth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes the correlation quantity of EIRP; the correlation quantity of EIRP is used to determine the first loss.

[0083] In conjunction with the sixth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration also includes a correlation between the superimposed values ​​of EIRP and FSPL; the correlation between the superimposed values ​​is used to determine the first loss.

[0084] In conjunction with the sixth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes first indication information; the first indication information is used to indicate that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

[0085] In conjunction with the sixth aspect above, in one possible design, the transceiver module is also used to receive capability information from the first communication device, the capability information indicating that the first communication device can determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

[0086] In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided for implementing the method implemented by the first communication device in the third aspect described above.

[0087] The communication device includes modules, units, or means that implement the above methods. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.

[0088] In conjunction with the seventh aspect above, in one possible design, the communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module; wherein the transceiver module is used to receive a measurement configuration; the measurement configuration includes information in a third direction. The processing module is used to transmit a third beam and a fourth beam to the NTN device through the transceiver module according to the measurement configuration, wherein the direction of the third beam is in the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam is in the fourth direction. The transceiver module is also used to transmit fourth indication information to the NTN device, the fourth indication information indicating a fifth difference, the fifth difference being the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam, the fifth difference being used to determine a second loss, the second loss being the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

[0089] In conjunction with the seventh aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes fifth indication information, which is used to instruct the first communication device to transmit the third and fourth beams and to transmit the fourth indication information to the NTN device.

[0090] Eighthly, a communication apparatus is provided for implementing the method implemented by the NTN device in the fourth aspect above.

[0091] The communication device includes modules, units, or means that implement the above methods. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.

[0092] In conjunction with the eighth aspect above, in one possible design, the communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module; the transceiver module is used to send a measurement configuration to the first communication device; the measurement configuration includes information in a third direction. The transceiver module is also used to receive a third beam and a fourth beam from the first communication device, the direction of the third beam being in a third direction and the direction of the fourth beam being in a fourth direction. The processing module is used to measure the third beam and the fourth beam to obtain the measurement results of the third beam and the fourth beam; the transceiver module is also used to receive fourth indication information from the first communication device, the fourth indication information indicating a fifth difference, the fifth difference being the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam; the processing module is also used to determine a second loss based on the measurement results of the third beam, the measurement results of the fourth beam, and the fifth difference, the second loss being the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

[0093] In conjunction with the eighth aspect above, in one possible design, the measurement configuration further includes fifth indication information, which is used to instruct the first communication device to transmit the third and fourth beams and to transmit the fourth indication information to the NTN device.

[0094] In conjunction with the eighth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine a sixth difference, which is used to determine a second loss. The sixth difference is the difference between the third FSPL and the fourth FSPL. The third FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the fourth beam, and the fourth FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the third beam.

[0095] In conjunction with the eighth aspect above, in one possible design, the transceiver module is also used to receive a sixth difference from the first communication device.

[0096] In conjunction with the eighth aspect above, in one possible design, the processing module is also used to determine a seventh difference, which is used to determine a second loss. The seventh difference is the difference between the antenna gain of the receiving antenna of the NTN device when the NTN device receives the fourth beam and the antenna gain of the receiving antenna of the NTN device when the NTN device receives the third beam.

[0097] A ninth aspect provides a communication device, comprising: a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, wherein when the processor executes the instructions, the communication device performs the method described in any of the preceding aspects. The communication device may be a first communication device as described in the first aspect, or any possible design of the first aspect, or a first communication device as described in the third aspect, or any possible design of the third aspect, or a module (e.g., a chip) applied to a first communication device. Alternatively, the communication device may be an NTN device as described in the second aspect, or any possible design of the second aspect, or an NTN device as described in the fourth aspect, or a module (e.g., a chip) applied to an NTN device.

[0098] In one possible design, the communication device also includes a memory for storing computer instructions. Optionally, the processor and memory are integrated together, or they are separate.

[0099] In one possible design, the memory is coupled to the processor and is located outside the communication device.

[0100] A tenth aspect provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit being configured to communicate with a module outside the communication device; the processor being configured to execute the method described in any of the preceding aspects via logic circuitry or by running a computer program or instructions. The communication device may be a first communication device as described in the first aspect, or any possible design of the first aspect, or a first communication device as described in the third aspect, or a module (e.g., a chip) applied to a first communication device. Alternatively, the communication device may be an NTN device as described in the second aspect, or any possible design of the second aspect, or an NTN device as described in the fourth aspect, or a module (e.g., a chip) applied to an NTN device.

[0101] Alternatively, the interface circuit can be a code / data read / write interface circuit, which receives computer execution instructions (which are stored in memory and may be read directly from memory or may be transmitted through other devices) and transmits them to the processor so that the processor runs the computer execution instructions to perform the methods described in any of the above aspects.

[0102] In one possible design, the communication device also includes a memory for storing computer programs or instructions. Optionally, the processor and memory are integrated together, or they are separate.

[0103] In one possible design, the memory is coupled to the processor and is located outside the communication device.

[0104] In some possible designs, the communication device can be a chip or a chip system.

[0105] Eleventhly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the methods performed by the first communication device or NTN device in any of the possible designs of the first to fourth aspects described above.

[0106] In a twelfth aspect, this application provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the methods performed by the first to fourth aspects described above, or by the first communication device or NTN device in any possible design of the first to fourth aspects.

[0107] In a thirteenth aspect, a communication device (e.g., a chip or a chip system) is provided, comprising a processor for implementing the functions involved in any of the preceding aspects. In one possible design, the communication device further comprises a memory for storing necessary program instructions and data. When the communication device is a chip system, it can be constructed from chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0108] In a fourteenth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising a first communication device and an NTN device. The first communication device is used to implement the method described in or any possible design of the first aspect, and the NTN device is used to implement the method described in or any possible design of the second aspect; alternatively, the first communication device is used to implement the method described in or any possible design of the third aspect, and the NTN device is used to implement the method described in or any possible design of the fourth aspect.

[0109] The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects five through fourteen can be found in the technical effects of the different design methods in aspects one through four above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0110] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ENU coordinate system;

[0111] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transparent and regenerative architectures of an NTN network.

[0112] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0113] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0114] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0115] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the determination of a first loss, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0116] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0117] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0118] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, a brief introduction to the relevant technologies of this application is given below.

[0119] 1. Local Esat-North-Up (ENU) coordinate system:

[0120] like Figure 1 As shown, the coordinate system is defined with the X-axis pointing east, the Y-axis pointing north, and the Z-axis pointing upwards, forming the ENU (Northeast-Heaven) station-centered coordinate system. This station-centered coordinate system, transformed from the Earth-centered coordinate system, becomes a local coordinate system that aligns with common human perception of geographical locations. Furthermore, if the station center point is chosen appropriately (usually the center point of the geographically represented area), the expressed geographical coordinates will be very small, facilitating spatial calculations.

[0121] 2. NTN network:

[0122] In this article, network-side devices deployed in the air in an NTN network are referred to as NTN devices, such as satellites, drones, and high-altitude platforms.

[0123] Based on their orbital altitude, satellites can be divided into three types: geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites (also known as synchronous orbit satellites), medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites, and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites.

[0124] Currently, NTN networks have two common architectures: regenerative architecture and transparent architecture. In the regenerative architecture, NTN devices operate in regenerative mode; in the transparent architecture, NTN devices operate in regenerative mode. The distribution of logical nodes in the transparent architecture is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (1), the ground base station and terminal equipment communicate via the Uu interface, the ground NTN gateway station is connected to the ground base station via a wired connection, and the satellite communicates with the ground NTN gateway station via wireless signals. The satellite's main functions are: radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification; that is, the satellite is primarily responsible for relay forwarding. In the transparent transmission architecture, the satellite can also be understood as the remote radio unit (RRU) of the ground base station.

[0125] The distribution of logical nodes in the regenerative architecture is as follows: Figure 2As shown in (2) of the diagram, under this architecture, the satellite has the functions of a base station or part of the functions of a base station, and can be regarded as a base station. The satellite can exchange routing information (SRI) with the NTN gateway station on the ground through the NG interface (NG over SRI), and communicate with the core network (CN) through the NG interface. In addition, the satellite can act as a base station and communicate with terminal equipment through the Uu interface.

[0126] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown in (1) and (2) in the figure, the core network can be connected to the data network through the N6 interface.

[0127] Figure 2 Taking satellites as an example, this paper illustrates the regenerative architecture and transparent transmission architecture. In practical applications, Figure 2 The satellites in the system can also be replaced with high-altitude platforms, drones, and other NTN equipment.

[0128] 3. Effective isotropic radiated power:

[0129] In this document, the effective omnidirectional radiated power of a beam refers to the product of the transmit power of the beam transmitter and the antenna gain of the beam transmitter. In this application, the abbreviation EIRP is used to represent the effective omnidirectional radiated power, or more specifically, the parameter EIRP represents the product of the transmit power of the beam transmitter and the antenna gain of the beam transmitter. For example, the EIRP of a beam transmitted by an NTN device refers to the product of the transmit power of the NTN device and the antenna gain of the NTN device.

[0130] It is understood that Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is an exemplary name for the parameter that is the product of the beam's transmit power and the antenna gain at the beam's transmitting end. If the name of this parameter changes subsequently, it will not affect the application of the EIRP-related scheme in the embodiments of this application.

[0131] 4. Free space propagation loss:

[0132] In this paper, the free-space propagation loss of a beam refers to the transmission loss of the beam in free space when the beam transmitter sends the beam to the beam receiver; in other words, it is the loss of beam signal strength caused by the line-of-sight path in free space. In this embodiment, the abbreviation FSPL is used to represent free-space propagation loss, or more specifically, FSPL represents the parameter of the beam transmission loss in free space when the beam transmitter sends the beam to the beam receiver. The FSPL of the beam is related to the distance between the beam transmitter and the beam receiver; in this embodiment, it can also be referred to as the FSPL between the beam transmitter and the beam receiver. For example, the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device refers to the transmission loss of the beam in free space when the NTN device sends the beam to the first communication device.

[0133] It is understood that free space propagation loss and its abbreviation FSPL are exemplary names for the parameter of beam propagation loss in free space. If the name of the parameter of beam propagation loss in free space changes in the future, it will not affect the application of the FSPL-related scheme in the embodiments of this application.

[0134] In a network that integrates NTN and terrestrial networks, there may be obstructions between NTN equipment and ground-based terminal equipment due to factors such as geographical environment. For example, terminal equipment may be located in enclosed environments such as subways, trains, tunnels, buildings, or elevators; or in open environments such as dense forests where there are aerial obstructions (such as tree canopies); or in any other possible obstruction situation. This application does not limit this. Additionally, some weather conditions can also be considered as obstructions between the terminal equipment and the satellite, such as heavy fog or cloudy skies in the area where the terminal equipment is located.

[0135] Communication between NTN devices and terminal devices can be affected by obstructions. When there is no obstruction, NTN devices and terminal devices can communicate; when completely obstructed, they cannot communicate. If there is partial obstruction between NTN devices and terminal devices, communication can still be maintained if the obstruction is minor (what we call mild obstruction); however, if the obstruction is severe, most communication between the NTN devices and terminal devices may be impossible.

[0136] Therefore, if the degree of obstruction between NTN devices and terminal devices can be determined, especially the degree of partial obstruction, this information can be used to perform corresponding operations and improve communication quality. For example, if the satellite signal quality is still above a threshold despite slight obstruction, it can still be used as a candidate satellite when there are insufficient alternative satellites. Another example is that if a satellite encounters slight obstruction during communication and cannot be switched over, the network can pre-set a suitable modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to match the channel. However, currently there is no scheme for estimating the degree of partial obstruction between NTN devices and terminal devices in an NTN network.

[0137] To address this issue, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, apparatus, and system that can determine the signal transmission between a terminal device and an NTN device in a certain direction, compared to the signal transmission loss in a specific direction. Thus, based on the signal transmission loss, the degree of obstruction between the terminal device and the NTN device in that direction can be determined.

[0138] The technical solutions provided in this application can be used in various communication systems, such as 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) communication systems, including 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems and their evolution systems, NTN systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems, LTE and new radio (NR) hybrid networking systems, device-to-device (D2D) systems, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems, and other next-generation communication systems, such as 6th generation (6G) mobile communication systems. Furthermore, the term "system" can be used interchangeably with "network."

[0139] It should be noted that the network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0140] Figure 3 Figures (1) and (2) are schematic diagrams of possible, non-limiting communication systems applicable to embodiments of this application. Figure 3 In the communication system shown in (1), the NTN device operates in transparent transmission mode, the base station is deployed on the ground, and the terminal device can communicate with the base station through the NTN device. Figure 3 In the communication system shown in (2), the NTN device operates in regeneration mode. The NTN device can be regarded as a base station, and the terminal device can communicate with the NTN device through a wireless link.

[0141] NTN equipment can be GEO satellites, MEO satellites, LEO satellites, high-altitude platforms, drones, or other types of equipment. Figure 3 Device not shown.

[0142] NTN equipment and terrestrial network base stations can be interconnected through a shared core network. They can also achieve more timely assistance and interconnection through interfaces defined between base stations. Taking the NR system as an example, the interface between base stations is called the Xn interface, and the interface between the base station and the core network is called the NG interface. In a converged network of NTN and terrestrial networks, NTN equipment and terrestrial communication equipment can interoperate and coordinate through these interfaces.

[0143] In this application embodiment, a base station refers to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects a terminal to a wireless network. Base stations can have different names in different communication systems. For example, a base station can be the next-generation node B (gNB), a transmission reception point (TRP), an evolved Node B (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a Node B (NB), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home base station (e.g., home-evolved Node B, or home Node B, HNB), a base band unit (BBU), or a Wi-Fi access point (AP), etc.

[0144] In another possible scenario, such as in an open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN), multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist terminal devices in achieving radio access, with different RAN nodes implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes may include centralized unit (CU) nodes, distributed unit (DU) nodes, or a combination of CU and DU nodes. RAN nodes including CU and DU nodes separate the protocol layers of the gNB in ​​the NR system. Some protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining partial or complete protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU, which is centrally controlled by the CU. Furthermore, the centralized unit (CU) can be divided into a control plane (CU-CP) and a user plane (CU-UP). The CU-CP is responsible for control plane functions, mainly including radio resource control (RRC) and the corresponding packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), i.e., PDCP-C. PDCP-C is mainly responsible for control plane data encryption / decryption, integrity protection, and data transmission. CU-UP is responsible for user plane functions, mainly including the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) and the corresponding PDCP (PDCP-U) for the user plane. SDAP is primarily responsible for processing core network data and mapping Quality of Service (QoS) flows to bearers. PDCP-U is mainly responsible for data plane encryption / decryption, integrity protection, header compression, sequence number maintenance, and data transmission. CU-CP and CU-UP are connected via the E1 interface. CU-CP, representing the gNB, connects to the core network via the NG interface. It connects to the DU via the F1 interface (control plane, F1-C). CU-UP connects to the DU via the F1 interface (user plane, F1-U). Alternatively, PDCP-C may also be located within CU-UP.

[0145] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an O-RAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (Open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0146] All or part of the functions of the base station in this application can also be implemented through software functions running on hardware, or through virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (such as a cloud platform). The base station in this application can also be a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the base station functions.

[0147] The terminal device in this application embodiment can also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal, etc., and refers to a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, such as a handheld device with wireless connectivity, in-vehicle device, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as V2X communication, machine-type communication (MTC), IoT, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, self-driving, remote medical surgery, smart grid, smart home, smart office, smart braceletlet, smart city, etc. Currently, examples of some terminal devices include: mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the terminal device.

[0148] The following is combined Figure 3 The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.

[0149] It should be noted that the message names between devices or the names of parameters in the messages in the following embodiments of this application are just examples. In specific implementations, other names may also be used, and this application does not specifically limit them.

[0150] like Figure 4 The image shows a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 The method is illustrated using an NTN device and a first communication device as examples of the entities executing the interaction, but this application does not limit the entities executing the interaction. For example, Figure 4 The NTN device can also be a module applied to the NTN device, such as a chip, chip system, or processor, or it can be a logical node, logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the NTN device. Figure 4 The first communication device can also be a module applied to the first communication device, such as a chip, chip system, or processor, or it can be a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device.

[0151] like Figure 4 As shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0152] S401, the NTN device sends a measurement configuration to the first communication device, and the first communication device receives the measurement configuration accordingly. The measurement configuration includes information about the first direction.

[0153] S402. The first communication device measures the first beam and the second beam transmitted by the NTN device according to the measurement configuration, and obtains the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam. The direction of the first beam is the first direction, and the direction of the second beam is the second direction.

[0154] The measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used to determine the first loss, which is the loss of signal transmission in the second direction compared to signal transmission in the first direction.

[0155] The communication method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to NTN networks, or to scenarios where NTN networks and terrestrial networks are integrated. In the application scenario of this application embodiment, the first communication device is located on the ground and can be a terminal device, or a device including a terminal device, or a device for implementing the functions of a terminal device.

[0156] Based on the communication method provided in this application embodiment, the first communication device can measure the beams transmitted by the NTN device in different directions according to the measurement configuration, and obtain the measurement results in different directions. If one of the different directions is regarded as the reference direction, the signal transmission loss in any direction can be obtained. Compared with the signal transmission loss in the reference direction, the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in any direction can be estimated based on the signal transmission loss. For example, if the signal transmission loss is positive, it means that the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is more severe than that in the reference direction; if the signal transmission loss is negative, it means that the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is less severe than that in the reference direction.

[0157] The following is a detailed introduction to S401.

[0158] In S401, the first direction is the direction from a specific position of the NTN device in the air to the position of the first communication device on the ground. For example, if the NTN device is a satellite, the first direction could be the direction from a position in the NTN device's orbit to the position of the first communication device on the ground.

[0159] The first direction can also be called the reference direction. The signal transmission loss between the NTN device and the first communication device in the first direction can be considered as a reference quantity (or it can be understood as the signal transmission loss between the NTN device and the first communication device being known). It can be used to measure the signal transmission loss between the NTN device and the first communication device in other directions.

[0160] This application does not limit the specific direction of the first direction. In one possible implementation, it is possible to predetermine which directions are unobstructed between the NTN device and the first communication device, and select any one of these directions as the first direction. In another possible implementation, it is possible to predetermine which directions are less obstructed between the NTN device and the first communication device, and select any one of these directions as the first direction.

[0161] The measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device includes information about the first direction. After receiving the measurement configuration, the first communication device can determine the first direction based on the information about the first direction.

[0162] This application does not limit how the information indicating the first direction specifically refers to the first direction. In one possible implementation, the information indicating the first direction may indicate a spatial angle range based on the position of the first communication device in the ENU coordinate system.

[0163] For example, suppose the spatial region where the azimuth and zenith angles are located is called spatial region #1, and the information of the first direction can be in the form of Table 1 below.

[0164] Table 1

[0165]

[0166] The following is a detailed introduction to S402.

[0167] After the NTN device sends the measurement configuration to the first communication device, it sends a first beam to the first communication device in a first direction, i.e., the direction of the first beam is the first direction. Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the first beam, measures the first beam, and obtains the first measurement result of the first beam.

[0168] After an NTN device transmits its first beam, it can move to a different location and transmit the beam back to the first communication device. Hereinafter, any beam transmitted by the NTN device from a location different from when it transmitted the first beam to the first communication device will be referred to as the second beam, and the direction of the second beam will be called the second direction. For example, assuming the NTN device is a satellite, after transmitting the first beam to the first communication device from a certain location in its orbit, the NTN device continues to operate in its orbit and transmits the second beam to the first communication device as it moves.

[0169] It is understandable that, since the NTN device is located at a different position when it sends the first beam to the first communication device than it is located at a different position when it sends the second beam to the first communication device, the direction of the second beam is also different from the direction of the first beam, that is, the second direction is different from the first direction.

[0170] In this embodiment of the application, the position of the first communication device can remain unchanged during the period from receiving the first beam to receiving the second beam. Alternatively, the first communication device can move within a certain range during the period from receiving the first beam to receiving the second beam, with little impact on the determination of signal transmission loss.

[0171] Optionally, the first and second beams can be measurement pilots, such as synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS), etc.

[0172] Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the second beam and measures the second beam to obtain the measurement result of the second beam.

[0173] Optionally, the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device may include relevant configurations for the beam transmitted by the NTN device to the first communication device. The first communication device can receive the beam from the NTN device according to the relevant configurations. For example, assuming that the NTN device periodically transmits beams to the first communication device, the measurement configuration may include information such as the beam transmission period and frequency domain resource configuration.

[0174] Optionally, after receiving the second beam, the first communication device can decide whether to measure the received second beam; that is, the first communication device can selectively measure the received second beam. For example, the first communication device can measure the received second beam at regular intervals to obtain corresponding measurement results. Another example is that the first communication device can measure the second beam transmitted by the NTN device at certain specific times / locations to obtain corresponding measurement results. Alternatively, the first communication device can measure the second beam received each time.

[0175] Optionally, the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam can be the signal strength of the first beam and the second beam, and may include at least one of the following information: reference signal receiving power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0176] After obtaining the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam, to determine the first loss, optionally, the first communication device can determine the first loss. In this case, after S402, it may include: S403, the first communication device determines the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam.

[0177] In one possible implementation of S403, the first communication device can determine the difference between the measurement result of the second beam and the measurement result of the first beam, and determine the difference as the first loss.

[0178] Alternatively, the first loss can be determined by the NTN device, in which case S402 may include:

[0179] S404. The first communication device sends the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam to the NTN device.

[0180] The S405 and NTN equipment determine the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam.

[0181] In one possible implementation of S405, the NTN device can determine the difference between the measurement result of the second beam and the measurement result of the first beam, and determine the difference as the first loss.

[0182] Optionally, the first communication device or NTN device may also combine other information to determine the first loss. The following describes some optional solutions for determining the first loss provided by embodiments of this application.

[0183] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the first communication device, the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device may further include information indicating the correlation quantity of the EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device. The correlation quantity of the beam's EIRP may include the absolute value of the beam's EIRP, or the difference (or variation) between the EIRPs of different beams. The first communication device can determine the difference between the EIRP of the second beam and the EIRP of the first beam (hereinafter referred to as the first difference) based on the information indicating the correlation quantity of the beam's EIRP, and determine the first loss based on the first difference.

[0184] In one possible implementation, the information indicating the correlation quantity of the EIRP of the beam can indicate the variation law of the correlation quantity of the beam's EIRP, or it can be understood as the mapping relationship between the correlation quantity of the beam's EIRP and some related factors (such as time, location, etc.).

[0185] Optionally, the information indicating the EIRP of the beam can indicate the absolute value of the EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at different times / locations. Accordingly, the first communication device can determine the EIRP of the first beam and the EIRP of the second beam based on the time of receiving the first beam and the time of receiving the second beam, and further determine the first difference. Alternatively, the first communication device can determine the EIRP of the first beam and the EIRP of the second beam based on the location of the NTN device when receiving the first beam and the location of the NTN device when receiving the second beam (the first communication device can determine the location of the NTN device based on information that can characterize the operating trajectory or real-time location of the NTN device), and further determine the first difference.

[0186] For example, information indicating the EIRP of a beam could indicate that the EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at 10:00 is 20 dBW, and the EIRP of the beam transmitted at 10:30 is 24 dBW. Or, for another example, information indicating the EIRP of a beam could indicate that the EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at position 1 is 20 dBW, and the EIRP of the beam transmitted at position 2 is 24 dBW.

[0187] Optionally, the information regarding the EIRP of the indicated beam can indicate the relationship satisfied by the change in EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at different times / locations. For example, it can indicate the relationship satisfied by the change in EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at different times and the interval between different times. As another example, it can indicate the relationship satisfied by the change in EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at different locations and the distance between different locations. Accordingly, the first communication device can determine the first difference based on the time of receiving the first beam and the time of receiving the second beam. Alternatively, the first communication device can determine the first difference based on the location of the NTN device when receiving the first beam and the location of the NTN device when receiving the second beam.

[0188] In this embodiment of the application, unless otherwise specified, the time when the beam transmitter (NTN device) transmits the beam is equivalent to the time when the beam receiver (first communication device) receives the beam.

[0189] For example, information indicating the correlation of beam EIRP can indicate the relationship satisfied by the change in EIRP of a beam transmitted by an NTN device at different times. The information indicating the correlation of beam EIRP can indicate the following relationship:

[0190]

[0191] Where t is the interval between the first and second time points, δEIRP(t) is the EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at the second time point, compared to the EIRP of the beam transmitted at the first time point (i.e., the first difference), and a, b, and c are constants.

[0192] In one possible implementation of determining the first loss based on the first difference, the first communication device can add the difference between the measurement result of the second beam and the measurement result of the first beam to the first difference to obtain the first loss.

[0193] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the NTN device, the NTN device can also determine the first difference and determine the first loss based on the first difference.

[0194] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the first communication device, the first communication device can determine a second difference and determine the first loss based on the second difference. For example, the first communication device can add the difference between the measurement result of the second beam and the measurement result of the first beam to the second difference to obtain the first loss.

[0195] The second difference is the difference between the first FSPL and the second FSPL. The first FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the terminal device when the NTN device transmits the second beam, and the second FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the terminal device when the NTN device transmits the first beam.

[0196] The FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device can be calculated based on the distance between them. Based on this, the first communication device can acquire information characterizing the NTN device's trajectory or real-time location, and determine the second FSPL corresponding to when the NTN device transmits the first beam, and the first FSPL corresponding to when it transmits the second beam, based on the acquired information. For example, if the NTN device is a satellite, the first communication device can determine the distance between the NTN device and the first communication device at different times based on the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device, and thus determine the first and second FSPLs.

[0197] The embodiments of this application do not limit how the first communication device obtains information that can characterize the operating trajectory or real-time location of the NTN device. For example, the NTN device can associate the first beam and the second beam with information that can describe the real-time location of the NTN device, and notify the first communication device accordingly.

[0198] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the NTN device, the NTN device can also determine the first loss based on the second difference. Specifically, the second difference can be determined by the first communication device and sent to the NTN device; alternatively, the first communication device can determine and send to the NTN device: the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the first beam, and the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the second beam; or, the second difference can be determined by the NTN device based on the distance between it and the first communication device.

[0199] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the first communication device, the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device may further include information on a related quantity indicating the first superposition value. The first superposition value is the superposition of the EIRP of the beam transmitted by the NTN device and the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the beam. The related quantity of the first superposition value may include the absolute value of the first superposition value corresponding to a beam, or the difference between the first superposition values ​​corresponding to different beams. The first communication device can determine the difference between the first superposition value corresponding to the second beam and the first superposition value corresponding to the first beam (hereinafter referred to as the third difference) based on the information on the related quantity indicating the first superposition value, and determine the first loss based on the third difference. For example, the first communication device can add the difference between the measurement result of the second beam and the measurement result of the first beam to the third difference to obtain the first loss.

[0200] In downlink scenarios, the change in the first superposition value can also be referred to as the change in power flux density (PFD). That is, the third difference can also be referred to as the difference between the PFD of the NTN device transmitting the second beam and the PFD of the NTN device transmitting the first beam.

[0201] In one possible implementation, the information regarding the correlation quantity of the first superposition value corresponding to the indicator beam can indicate the variation pattern of the correlation quantity of the first superposition value, or it can be understood as the mapping relationship between the correlation quantity of the first superposition value and some related factors (such as time, location, etc.). For details, please refer to the above introduction on the variation pattern of the correlation quantity of the indicator beam's EIRP.

[0202] For example, using information about the relevant quantity indicating the first superposition value corresponding to the beam, and taking the absolute value of the first superposition value corresponding to the beam transmitted by the NTN device at different times as an example, it can be indicated that the first superposition value corresponding to the beam transmitted by the NTN device at 12:00 is 120, and the value of the first superposition value corresponding to the beam transmitted by the NTN device at 12:30 is 140. As another example, using information about the relevant quantity indicating the first superposition value corresponding to the beam, and taking the relationship satisfied by the change in the first superposition value corresponding to the beam transmitted by the NTN device at different times as an example, the information about the relevant quantity indicating the first superposition value corresponding to the beam can indicate the following relationship:

[0203]

[0204] Where t is the interval between the first and second moments, δEIRP_FSPL(t) is the first superposition value corresponding to the beam transmitted by the NTN device at the second moment, and the change (i.e., the third difference) compared to the first superposition value corresponding to the beam transmitted at the first moment, and a, b, and c are constants.

[0205] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the NTN device, the NTN device can also determine a third difference and determine the first loss based on the third difference. Specifically, the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the first beam, and the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the second beam, which are required to determine the third difference, can be determined by the first communication device and transmitted to the NTN device, or can be determined by the NTN device based on the distance to the first communication device.

[0206] Optionally, when the NTN device transmits a beam to the first communication device, it can transmit an equal-throughput beam. When the NTN device transmits an equal-throughput beam at different locations, it actively adjusts the EIRP (Earning Intake Point) during beam transmission to offset the changes in beam path loss. This can be understood as ensuring that the spatial power density of the equal-throughput beam remains constant as the NTN device moves, thus maintaining a stable signal strength perceived by the first communication device, which acts as the beam receiver. In conjunction with the above method embodiments, if both the first and second beams transmitted by the NTN device to the first communication device are equal-throughput beams, the first difference and the second difference can cancel each other out; that is, the sum of the first and second differences can be considered zero.

[0207] Optionally, the NTN device may instruct the first communication device whether the transmitted beam is an equal-throughput beam. For example, the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device may include first indication information, which indicates that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

[0208] Optionally, if the first communication device determines the first loss, the first communication device can determine the difference between the antenna gain of its receiving antenna when receiving the second beam and the antenna gain of its receiving antenna when receiving the first beam (hereinafter referred to as the fourth difference), and determine the first loss based on the fourth difference. For example, the first communication device can add the difference between the measurement result of the second beam and the measurement result of the first beam to the fourth difference to obtain the first loss.

[0209] The embodiments of this application do not limit how the first communication device determines the fourth difference. For example, if the first communication device is a very small aperture terminal (VSAT), the fourth difference can be considered to be 0. As another example, the first communication device can pre-configure the antenna gain variation pattern of the receiving antenna (e.g., when the first communication device is a handheld terminal or the receiving antenna is a phased array), thereby determining the fourth difference based on the antenna gain variation pattern.

[0210] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the NTN device, the NTN device can also determine the first loss based on the fourth difference. Specifically, the fourth difference can be determined by the first communication device and sent to the NTN device; alternatively, the first communication device can record the antenna gain of its receiving antenna when receiving the second beam and the antenna gain of its receiving antenna when receiving the first beam, and send these records to the NTN device. The NTN device then determines the fourth difference based on the received antenna gains.

[0211] Optionally, if the first loss needs to be determined based on the fourth difference, then the first communication device needs to have the capability to determine the different antenna gains of the receiving antenna when receiving beams from different directions. Generally, when the receiving antenna of the first communication device receives beams from different directions, the elevation angle or the orientation of the first communication device also changes with the beam direction. Therefore, it can also be understood that the first communication device needs to have the capability to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different orientations of the first communication device. Based on this, the first communication device can send capability information to the NTN device before receiving the measurement configuration. The capability information can indicate whether the first communication device can determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different orientations of the first communication device. If the capability information indicates yes (i.e., it can be determined), the NTN device sends the measurement configuration to the first communication device so that the first communication device can measure the first beam and the second beam according to the measurement configuration. If the capability information indicates no (i.e., it cannot be determined), the NTN device does not need to send the measurement configuration to the first communication device.

[0212] For example, the first communication device can indicate itself as a VSAT (Very High Altitude Satellite). A VSAT can accurately track a satellite, and the first communication device can be considered to have the ability to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device. Alternatively, in this case, the NTN device can also consider the fourth difference to be 0 based on the first communication device indicating itself as a VSAT.

[0213] For example, the first communication device can indicate that its receiving antenna is a phased array. The first communication device with a phased array can accurately track the satellite and obtain the angle of beam deviation from the normal. It can understand the scanning loss at that angle and can be considered to have the ability to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

[0214] For example, the first communication device can indicate that it is a handheld terminal. Under normal circumstances, the handheld terminal can determine its own antenna pattern and obtain its own communication attitude information through sensors (gyroscopes). In this way, it can obtain real-time antenna gain information of the connection direction between itself and the NTN device. It can be considered to have the ability to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

[0215] Optionally, if the first loss is determined by the first communication device, the first communication device may send indication information indicating the first loss to the NTN device.

[0216] Optionally, the alternative methods for determining the first loss described in the above embodiments can be applied in combination or independently. Several possible combined applications for determining the first loss are described below.

[0217] Implementation 1: The first communication device or NTN equipment determines the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, the first difference, the second difference, and the fourth difference. Taking the determination of the first loss based on the transmission time of the NTN equipment as an example, in this implementation, the first loss can satisfy the following relationship:

[0218] additional_loss(t)=RSRP_rt-RSRP_ref+δFSPL+δEIRP(t)+δUEgain(t); Formula (3)

[0219] Where t represents the interval between the first and second moments; additional_loss(t) represents the beam transmitted by the NTN device at the second moment. Compared with the signal propagation loss of the beam transmitted by the NTN device at the first moment, it can be understood that the second moment can be considered as the transmission time of the second beam, and the first moment can be considered as the transmission time of the first beam. At this time, additional_loss(t) can represent the first loss. RSRP_ref represents the reference signal received power of the first beam (i.e., the measurement result of the first beam), and RSRP_rt represents the reference signal received power of the second beam (i.e., the measurement result of the second beam). δFSPL represents the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the second beam, compared with the change in FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the first beam (i.e., the second difference). δEIRP(t) represents the first difference. For details, please refer to the above introduction of the above formula (1). δUEgain(t) represents the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when the first communication device receives the second beam from the NTN device, compared to the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when receiving the first beam from the NTN device (i.e., the fourth difference, which can be found in the introduction to additional_loss(t)).

[0220] Implementation 2: The first communication device determines the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, the third difference, and the fourth difference. Taking the determination of the first loss based on the transmission time of the NTN device as an example, in this implementation, the first loss can satisfy the following relationship:

[0221] additional_loss(t)=RSRP_rt-RSRP_ref+δEIRP_FSPL(t)+δUEgain(t); Formula (4)

[0222] The meanings of t, additional_loss(t), RSRP_ref, RSRP_rt, and δUEgain(t) can be found in the above introduction to formula (3). δEIRP_FSPL(t) represents the change in the superposition value of EIRP and FSPL when the NTN device transmits the second beam compared to when the NTN device transmits the first beam (i.e., the third difference). In the downlink scenario, it can also be called the change in PFD.

[0223] Implementation 3: The first communication device determines the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the fourth difference.

[0224] Optionally, the implementation of the third method can be applied to scenarios where the first and second beams sent by the NTN device to the first communication device are equal-throughput beams.

[0225] Taking the determination of the first loss based on the time of beam transmission by the NTN device as an example, in this implementation, the first loss can satisfy the following relationship:

[0226] additional_loss(t)=RSRP_rt-RSRP_ref+δUEgain(t); Formula (5)

[0227] The meanings of t, additional_loss(t), RSRP_ref, RSRP_rt and δUEgain(t) can be found in the above introduction to formula (3).

[0228] Alternatively, referring to the above introduction of the optional schemes for determining the first loss, the relationship between the first loss and the interval between the first and second moments can also be adapted to the relationship between the first loss and the distance between the first and second positions.

[0229] In addition, such as Figure 5 As shown in the embodiments of this application, another communication method is also provided. Figure 5 The method is illustrated using an NTN device and a first communication device as examples of the entities executing the interaction, but this application does not limit the entities executing the interaction. For example, Figure 5 The NTN device can also be a module applied to the NTN device, such as a chip, chip system, or processor, or it can be a logical node, logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the NTN device. Figure 5 The first communication device can also be a module applied to the first communication device, such as a chip, chip system, or processor, or it can be a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device.

[0230] like Figure 5 As shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0231] S501, the NTN device sends a measurement configuration to the first communication device, the measurement configuration including third-party information. Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the measurement configuration.

[0232] S502. The first communication device sends a third beam and a fourth beam to the NTN device according to the measurement configuration. The direction of the third beam is the third direction, and the direction of the fourth beam is the fourth direction.

[0233] The S503 and NTN equipment measure the third and fourth beams, obtaining the measurement results for the third and fourth beams. Based on the measurement results of the third and fourth beams, the NTN equipment determines the second loss, which is the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission loss in the third direction.

[0234] Based on the communication method provided in this application, the NTN device can measure beams transmitted by the first communication device in different directions, obtaining measurement results in different directions. If one of the different directions is considered as a reference direction, the signal transmission in any direction can be obtained. Compared to the signal transmission loss in the reference direction, the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in any direction can be estimated based on the signal transmission loss. For example, if the signal transmission loss is positive, it indicates that the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is more severe than that in the reference direction; if the signal transmission loss is negative, it indicates that the degree of obstruction between the NTN device and the first communication device in that direction is less severe than that in the reference direction.

[0235] The following is a detailed introduction to S501-S503.

[0236] In S501, the third direction is the direction from the position of the first communication device on the ground to a specific position of the NTN device in the air. The third direction can also be called the reference direction. It can be considered that the signal transmission loss between the NTN device and the first communication device is a reference quantity in the third direction (or it can be understood that the signal transmission loss between the NTN device and the first communication device is known). It can be used to measure the signal transmission loss between the NTN device and the first communication device in other directions.

[0237] For details on the third direction, please refer to the above description of the first direction.

[0238] In S502 and S503, after the NTN device sends the measurement configuration to the first communication device, the first communication device sends a third beam to the NTN device according to a third direction, i.e., the direction of the third beam is a third direction. Correspondingly, the NTN device receives the third beam, measures the third beam, and obtains the measurement result of the third beam.

[0239] After the first communication device sends the third beam, it sends another beam to the NTN device. It is understood that if the NTN device moves, the direction of the beam sent again by the first communication device will be different from the third direction. Hereinafter, any beam received by the NTN device from the first communication device at a location different from when it received the third beam will be called the fourth beam, and the direction of the fourth beam will be called the fourth direction. The third direction is different from the fourth direction. For example, suppose the NTN device is a satellite. After receiving the third beam at a certain position in its orbit, the NTN device continues to operate in its orbit and receives the fourth beam as it moves.

[0240] Optionally, the third and fourth beams can be measurement pilots, such as SSB, CSI-RS, or other signals.

[0241] After receiving the fourth beam, the NTN equipment measures it and obtains the measurement result. Based on the measurement results of the third and fourth beams, the NTN equipment can determine the second loss. For example, the NTN equipment can determine the second loss as the difference between the measurement result of the fourth beam and the measurement result of the third beam.

[0242] Optionally, the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device may include relevant configurations for the first communication device to send beams to the NTN device. The first communication device can send beams to the NTN device according to these relevant configurations. For example, the measurement configuration may include information such as the beam transmission period and frequency domain resource configuration.

[0243] Optionally, after receiving the fourth beam, the NTN device can decide whether to measure the received fourth beam; that is, the NTN device can selectively measure the received fourth beam. Alternatively, the NTN device can measure the fourth beam received each time. For details, please refer to the above description of the first communication device measuring the second beam.

[0244] Optionally, the measurement results of the third and fourth beams can be the signal strengths of the third and fourth beams, and may include at least one of the following: RSRP or RSRQ.

[0245] Optionally, when transmitting the third and fourth beams, the first communication device also records the EIRP when transmitting the third beam and the EIRP when transmitting the fourth beam, and determines the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam (hereinafter referred to as the fifth difference). Further, the first communication device sends fourth indication information to the NTN device, which indicates the fifth difference. Alternatively, the first communication device can send the EIRP values ​​when transmitting the third beam and the EIRP values ​​when transmitting the fourth beam to the NTN device, and the NTN device will determine the fifth difference.

[0246] Optionally, the first communication device sends a fourth indication message to the NTN device, which may be indicated by the NTN device. For example, the NTN device may send a fifth indication message to the first communication device, which instructs the first communication device to send the third and fourth beams and then sends the fourth indication message to the NTN device. Based on the fifth indication message, the first communication device can record the EIRP values ​​of the third and fourth beams respectively when sending them, and then send the fourth indication message to the NTN device to indicate the fifth difference.

[0247] Optionally, the fifth indication information may be carried in the measurement configuration sent by the NTN device to the first communication device.

[0248] After obtaining the measurement results of the third beam, the fourth beam, and the fifth difference, the NTN equipment can determine the second loss based on these measurements. For example, the NTN equipment can add the difference between the measurement results of the fourth beam and the third beam to the fifth difference to obtain the second loss.

[0249] Optionally, the NTN device can also determine a sixth difference and determine a second loss based on the sixth difference. The sixth difference is the difference between the third FSPL and the fourth FSPL. The third FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the fourth beam, and the fourth FSPL is the FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the third beam. For details on how the NTN device determines the sixth difference, please refer to the above description of determining the third difference.

[0250] For example, an NTN device can add the difference between the measurement result of the fourth beam and the measurement result of the third beam, along with the fifth and sixth differences, to obtain the second loss.

[0251] Optionally, the NTN device can also determine a seventh difference and determine a second loss based on the seventh difference. The seventh difference is the difference between the antenna gain of the NTN device's receiving antenna when receiving the fourth beam and the antenna gain of the NTN device's receiving antenna when receiving the third beam. For example, the NTN device can add the difference between the measurement result of the fourth beam and the measurement result of the third beam to the fifth difference and the seventh difference to obtain the second loss.

[0252] Optionally, the NTN device can determine the antenna gain of its receiving antenna when receiving the fourth and third beams based on the pre-configured antenna gain variation pattern of the receiving antenna.

[0253] Optionally, the scheme for determining the second loss using the aforementioned NTN device can be used in combination with other applications or independently. In one possible implementation using a combination of applications, the NTN device can add the difference between the measurement result of the fourth beam and the measurement result of the third beam to the fifth, sixth, and seventh differences to obtain the second loss. For example, taking the determination of the second loss based on the transmission time of the beam from the first communication device as an example, the second loss can satisfy the following relationship:

[0254] additional_loss(t)=RSRP_rt-RSRP_ref+δFSPL+δEIRP(t)+δSATgain(t); Formula (6)

[0255] Where t represents the interval between the third and fourth moments; additional_loss(t) represents the signal propagation loss of the beam transmitted by the first communication device at the fourth moment compared to the beam transmitted by the first communication device at the third moment. It can be understood that the fourth moment can be considered the transmission time of the fourth beam, and the third moment can be considered the transmission time of the third beam. In this case, additional_loss(t) can represent the second loss. RSRP_ref represents the reference signal received power of the third beam (i.e., the measurement result of the third beam), and RSRP_rt represents the reference signal received power of the fourth beam (i.e., the measurement result of the fourth beam). δFSPL represents the change in FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the fourth beam compared to the change in FSPL between the NTN device and the first communication device when the first communication device transmits the third beam (i.e., the sixth difference). δEIRP(t) represents the change in EIRP of the fourth beam transmitted by the first communication device compared to the change in EIRP of the third beam transmitted by the first communication device (i.e., the fifth difference). δSATgain(t) represents the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when the NTN device receives the fourth beam from the first communication device, compared to the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when receiving the third beam from the NTN device (i.e., the seventh difference).

[0256] Optionally, after determining the first loss, the NTN device can send indication information to the first communication device, which can indicate the first loss.

[0257] Optionally, in the above method embodiments, after the first communication device or NTN device determines the first loss, it can estimate the degree of obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second direction based on the first loss. Alternatively, after the first communication device or NTN device determines the second loss, it can estimate the degree of obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the fourth direction based on the second loss.

[0258] In one possible implementation, multiple different intervals corresponding to the degree of occlusion can be preset. The first communication device or NTN device can estimate the degree of occlusion between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second or fourth direction based on which interval the value of the first loss or the value of the second loss is located in.

[0259] For example, such as Figure 6As shown, assuming the NTN device is a satellite, there is no obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the first direction. While the NTN device is moving in its operational orbit, it repeatedly transmits beams to the first communication device. When the first communication device receives the first beam and the second beam, it measures the first beam and the second beam, obtaining the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam. Then, according to the possible methods for determining the first loss described in the above method embodiments, it determines the first loss; for example, the first loss can be 10 dB. Assuming the first loss value is preset to be in the range [0, 5], it can be considered that there is no obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second direction. If the first loss value is in the range (5, 20), the obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second direction can be considered slight obstruction. If the first loss value is in the range (20, 40), the obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second direction can be considered severe obstruction. If the first loss value is greater than 40 dB, the obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second direction can be considered complete obstruction. Therefore, based on a first loss of 10 dB, the first communication device can estimate that the obstruction between the first communication device and the NTN device in the second direction is slight obstruction.

[0260] The above mainly describes the solutions provided by the embodiments of this application from the perspective of interaction between various devices. Accordingly, the embodiments of this application also provide a communication device for implementing the various methods described above. This communication device can be the first communication device in the above method embodiments, or a device including the first communication device, or a component usable in the first communication device. Alternatively, the communication device can be the NTN device in the above method embodiments, or a device including the NTN device, or a component usable in the NTN device.

[0261] It is understood that, in order to achieve the aforementioned functions, the communication device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0262] This application embodiment can divide the communication device into functional modules according to the above method embodiment. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0263] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a communication device 700 is shown. The communication device 700 includes a transceiver module 701 and a processing module 702. The processing module 702, also referred to as a processing unit 702, is used to implement processing functions. Optionally, the communication device 700 may further include a storage module 703.

[0264] Taking the communication device 700 as an example of the first communication device in the above method embodiment, in one possible design, the transceiver module 701 is used to receive measurement configuration; the measurement configuration includes information about a first direction. The processing module 702 is used to measure the first beam and the second beam transmitted by the NTN device according to the measurement configuration, obtaining the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam, where the direction of the first beam is the first direction and the direction of the second beam is the second direction. The measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used to determine a first loss, which is the signal transmission loss in the second direction compared to the signal transmission loss in the first direction.

[0265] Taking the communication device 700 as an example of the first communication device in the above method embodiment, in another possible design, the transceiver module 701 is used to receive measurement configuration; the measurement configuration includes information in a third direction. The processing module 702 is further used to send a third beam and a fourth beam to the NTN device through the transceiver module 701 according to the measurement configuration, wherein the direction of the third beam is in the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam is in the fourth direction. The transceiver module 701 is also used to send fourth indication information to the NTN device, which is used to indicate a fifth difference, the fifth difference being the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam. The fifth difference is used to determine a second loss, which is the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

[0266] Taking the communication device 700 as an example of the NTN device in the above method embodiment, in one possible design, the transceiver module 701 is used to send a measurement configuration to the first communication device; the measurement configuration includes information about a first direction. The transceiver module 701 is also used to send a first beam and a second beam to the terminal device, the direction of the first beam being the first direction and the direction of the second beam being the second direction. The transceiver module 701 is also used to receive third indication information from the first communication device. The processing module 702 is used to determine a first loss based on the third indication information, the first loss being the signal transmission loss in the second direction compared to the signal transmission in the first direction.

[0267] Taking the communication device 700 as an example of the NTN device in the above method embodiment, in one possible design, the transceiver module 701 is used to send a measurement configuration to the first communication device; the measurement configuration includes information in a third direction. The transceiver module 701 is also used to receive a third beam and a fourth beam from the first communication device, wherein the direction of the third beam is in the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam is in the fourth direction. The processing module 702 is used to measure the third beam and the fourth beam to obtain the measurement results of the third beam and the fourth beam, wherein the direction of the third beam is in the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam is in the fourth direction. The transceiver module 701 is also used to receive fourth indication information from the first communication device, which indicates a fifth difference, wherein the fifth difference is the difference between the EIRP of the fourth beam and the EIRP of the third beam. The processing module 702 is also used to determine a second loss based on the measurement results of the third beam, the measurement results of the fourth beam, and the fifth difference, wherein the second loss is the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

[0268] All relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0269] Optionally, in Figure 7 In the communication device shown, the names of the modules may not be... Figure 7 The names shown, for example, transceiver module, can also be called communication module or communication unit.

[0270] Figure 7If the various units in the process are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, in essence, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. Storage media for storing computer software products include: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0271] In this embodiment, the communication device 700 is presented in an integrated manner, divided into various functional modules. Here, "module" may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a circuit, a processor and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuits, and / or other devices that can provide the above-mentioned functions.

[0272] In a simplified embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the communication device 700 can employ... Figure 8 The communication device shown is in the form of 800.

[0273] like Figure 8 As shown, the communication device 800 includes one or more processors 801, a communication line 802, and at least one communication interface 804. Figure 8 (This is merely an example illustration of a communication interface 804 and a processor 801; optionally, a memory 803 may also be included.)

[0274] The processor 801 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits used to control the execution of the program of the present application.

[0275] Communication line 802 may include a path for connecting different components.

[0276] The communication interface 804 can be a transceiver module used to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, RAN, terminals, and wireless local area networks (WLAN). For example, the transceiver module can be a transceiver or similar device. Optionally, the communication interface 804 can also be a transceiver circuit or input / output interface located within the processor 801, used to implement signal input and signal output for the processor.

[0277] The memory 803 can be a device with storage functionality. For example, it can be read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices capable of storing static information and instructions; random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices capable of storing information and instructions; electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM); compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage; optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.); magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices; or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited to these. The memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor via communication line 802. The memory can also be integrated with the processor.

[0278] The memory 803 stores computer execution instructions for implementing the scheme of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 801. The processor 801 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 803, thereby implementing the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0279] Alternatively, in this embodiment, the processor 801 may execute the processing-related functions in the communication method provided in the above embodiments of this application, and the communication interface 804 may be responsible for communicating with other devices or communication networks. This embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0280] Optionally, the computer execution instructions in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as application code, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0281] In a specific implementation, as one example, the processor 801 may include one or more CPUs, for example... Figure 8 CPU0 and CPU1 in the CPU.

[0282] In a specific implementation, as one example, the communication device 800 may include multiple processors, such as... Figure 8 The processors 801 and 807 are described herein. Each of these processors may be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor. The processors herein may include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: CPU, microprocessor, digital signal processing (DSP), microcontroller unit (MCU), or artificial intelligence processor, and other computing devices that run software. Each computing device may include one or more cores for executing software instructions to perform calculations or processing.

[0283] In a specific implementation, as one embodiment, the communication device 700 may further include an output device 805 and an input device 806. The output device 805 communicates with the processor 801 and can display information in various ways. For example, the output device 805 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector, etc. The input device 806 communicates with the processor 801 and can receive user input in various ways. For example, the input device 806 may be a mouse, keyboard, touchscreen device, or sensing device, etc.

[0284] The aforementioned communication device 800 may sometimes be referred to as a communication equipment, which can be a general-purpose device or a special-purpose device. For example, the communication device 800 may be the first communication device or NTN device mentioned above, or have... Figure 8 Devices with similar structures. This application does not limit the type of communication device 800 to any particular embodiment.

[0285] also, Figure 8 The structural composition shown does not constitute a limitation on the communication device, except... Figure 8 In addition to the components shown, the communication device 800 may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0286] Optionally, Figure 7 The functions / implementation process of the transceiver module 701 and the processing module 702 can be obtained through... Figure 8 The processor 801 in the communication device 800 shown calls computer execution instructions stored in memory 803 to implement the function. Alternatively, Figure 7The function / implementation process of the processing module 702 can be achieved through... Figure 8 The processor 801 in the communication device 800 shown calls computer execution instructions stored in the memory 803 to implement the communication. Figure 7 The function / implementation process of the transceiver module 701 can be obtained through Figure 8 This is achieved through the communication interface 804 in the communication device 800 shown.

[0287] It should be understood that one or more of the above modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of both. When any of the above modules or units are implemented by software, the software exists as computer program instructions and is stored in memory. The processor can be used to execute the program instructions and implement the above method flow. The processor can be built into a SoC or ASIC, or it can be a separate semiconductor chip. In addition to the core that executes the software instructions for computation or processing, the processor may further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as FPGAs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), or logic circuits that implement dedicated logic operations.

[0288] When the above modules or units are implemented in hardware, the hardware can be any one or any combination of a CPU, microprocessor, DSP chip, MCU, artificial intelligence processor, ASIC, SoC, FPGA, PLD, dedicated digital circuit, hardware accelerator or non-integrated discrete device, which can run the necessary software or perform the above method flow independently of software.

[0289] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a communication device (e.g., the communication device may be a chip or a chip system), which includes a processor for implementing the methods in any of the above method embodiments. In one possible design, the communication device further includes a memory. The memory is used to store necessary program instructions and data, and the processor can call the program code stored in the memory to instruct the communication device to execute the methods in any of the above method embodiments. Of course, the memory may not be included in the communication device. When the communication device is a chip system, it may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices; embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0290] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when run on a communication device, enable the communication device to execute the methods described in any of the above method embodiments or any implementation thereof.

[0291] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product storing a computer program or instructions that, when run on a communication device, enable the communication device to execute the methods described in any of the above method embodiments or any implementation thereof.

[0292] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a communication system, which includes the first communication device described in the above method embodiments and the NTN device described in the above method embodiments.

[0293] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software programs, implementation can be, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device containing one or more servers, data centers, etc., that can be integrated with the medium. The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives (SSDs)).

[0294] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B. "And / or" in this application merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. Additionally, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of this application to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or order of execution, and that "first," "second," etc., are not necessarily different. Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is being used as an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0295] In the embodiments of this application, "instruction" can include direct and indirect instructions, as well as explicit and implicit instructions. The information indicated by a certain piece of information (such as the first instruction information mentioned above) is called the information to be instructed. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is a correlation between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also indicate only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. At the same time, the common parts of various pieces of information can be identified and indicated uniformly to reduce the instruction overhead caused by individually indicating the same information.

[0296] Furthermore, the specific instruction method can also be any existing instruction method. Details of each instruction method can be found in existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here. In the specific implementation process, the required instruction method can be selected according to specific needs. This application embodiment does not limit the selected instruction method. Therefore, the instruction methods involved in this application embodiment should be understood to cover various methods that enable the party to be instructed to obtain the information to be instructed.

[0297] It should be understood that the information to be indicated can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information messages sent separately, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information messages can be the same or different. The specific sending method is not limited in this application embodiment. The sending period and / or timing of these sub-information messages can be predefined, for example, according to a protocol, or configured by the sending device by sending configuration information to the receiving device.

[0298] In this embodiment of the application, "sending information to... (taking the first communication device as an example)" can be understood as the destination of the information being the first communication device. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to the first communication device. "Receiving information from... (taking the first communication device as an example)" or "receiving information from... (taking the first communication device as an example)" can be understood as the source of the information being the first communication device. This can include receiving information directly or indirectly from the first communication device. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be understood in a similar way, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0299] In the embodiments of this application, "predefined," "pre-configured," or "pre-configured" can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device. For example, it can be burned into the device at the factory. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific implementation method. "Saving" can refer to saving in one or more memories. The one or more memories can be separate settings or integrated into the encoder or decoder, processor, or communication device. The one or more memories can also be partially separate settings and partially integrated into the decoder, processor, or communication device. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0300] The “protocol” mentioned in the embodiments of this application may refer to a protocol family in the field of communication, a standard protocol with a similar protocol family frame structure, or a related protocol applied to future communication systems. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0301] In the embodiments of this application, descriptions such as "when," "under the circumstances," "if," and "if" all refer to the device making corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a specific time. They do not require the device to make a judgment action during implementation, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0302] Although this application has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art, by reviewing the accompanying drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims, will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in carrying out the claimed application. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple instances. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0303] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined by the appended claims, and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, this application is also intended to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first communication device, and the method includes: Receive measurement configuration; the measurement configuration includes information about a first direction; According to the measurement configuration, the first beam and the second beam transmitted by the non-terrestrial network NTN device are measured to obtain the measurement results of the first beam and the second beam. The direction of the first beam is the first direction, and the direction of the second beam is the second direction. The measurement results of the first beam and the second beam are used to determine the first loss, which is the loss of signal transmission in the second direction compared to signal transmission in the first direction.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are used to determine the first loss, including: The first loss is determined based on the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measurement configuration also includes a correlation quantity of effective omnidirectional radiated power; the correlation quantity of effective omnidirectional radiated power is used to determine the first loss.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the relevant quantity of the effective omnidirectional radiation power, a first difference is determined. The first difference is the difference between the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the second beam and the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the first beam. The first difference is used to determine the first loss.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The relevant quantities of the effective omnidirectional radiation power include the relationship between the effective omnidirectional radiation power difference and the time interval. The effective omnidirectional radiation power difference is the difference between the effective omnidirectional radiation power at the first moment and the effective omnidirectional radiation power at the second moment. The time interval is the difference between the first moment and the second moment.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are used to determine the first loss, including: The first loss is determined based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Determining the first loss based on the measurement results of the first beam, the measurement results of the second beam, and the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device includes: Based on the ephemeris information corresponding to the NTN device, a second difference is determined. The second difference is the difference between the first free space propagation loss and the second free space propagation loss. The second difference is used to determine the first loss. The first free space propagation loss is the free space propagation loss between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the second beam, and the second free space propagation loss is the free space propagation loss between the NTN device and the first communication device when the NTN device transmits the first beam.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measurement configuration also includes a correlation quantity of the superposition value of effective omnidirectional radiated power and free space propagation loss; the correlation quantity of the superposition value is used to determine the first loss.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: A third difference is determined based on the correlation between the superposition value of the effective omnidirectional radiation power and the free space propagation loss. The third difference is the superposition value of the effective omnidirectional radiation power and the free space propagation loss of the second beam, compared with the difference between the superposition value of the effective omnidirectional radiation power and the free space propagation loss of the first beam. The third difference is used to determine the first loss.

10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measurement configuration further includes first indication information; the first indication information is used to indicate that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, Prior to receiving the measurement configuration, the method further includes: The first communication device sends capability information to the NTN device, the capability information indicating that the first communication device can determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The method further includes: A fourth difference is determined, which is the difference between the antenna gain of the receiving antenna of the first communication device when the first communication device receives the second beam and the antenna gain of the receiving antenna when the first communication device receives the first beam. The fourth difference is used to determine the first loss.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a second indication message to the NTN device, the second indication message being used to indicate the first loss.

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are sent to the NTN device; The measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are used to determine the first loss, including: The measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam are used by the NTN device to determine the first loss.

15. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to non-terrestrial network (NTN) devices, and the method includes: Send a measurement configuration to a first communication device; the measurement configuration includes information about a first direction. A first beam and a second beam are transmitted to the first communication device, wherein the direction of the first beam is the first direction and the direction of the second beam is the second direction; The third indication information is received from the first communication device to determine a first loss, which is the loss of signal transmission in the second direction compared to signal transmission in the first direction.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The third indication information is used to determine the first loss, including: The third indication information includes the first loss; or... The third indication information includes the measurement results of the first beam and the measurement results of the second beam, which are used to determine the first loss.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The measurement configuration also includes a correlation quantity of effective omnidirectional radiated power; the correlation quantity of effective omnidirectional radiated power is used to determine the first loss.

18. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The measurement configuration also includes a correlation quantity of the superposition value of effective omnidirectional radiated power and free space propagation loss; the correlation quantity of the superposition value is used to determine the first loss.

19. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The measurement configuration further includes first indication information; the first indication information is used to indicate that the first beam and the second beam are equal-throughput beams.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15-19, characterized in that, Before sending the measurement configuration to the first communication device, the method further includes: The first communication device receives capability information, which indicates that the first communication device is able to determine the antenna gain corresponding to different elevation angles or different attitudes of the first communication device.

21. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first communication device, and the method includes: Receive measurement configuration; the measurement configuration includes third-party information; According to the measurement configuration, a third beam and a fourth beam are sent to the NTN device, wherein the direction of the third beam is the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam is the fourth direction; A fourth indication message is sent to the NTN device. The fourth indication message is used to indicate a fifth difference, which is the difference between the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the fourth beam and the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the third beam. The fifth difference is used to determine a second loss, which is the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission loss in the third direction.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The measurement configuration also includes a fifth indication information, which is used to instruct the first communication device to send the third beam and the fourth beam, and to send the fourth indication information to the NTN device.

23. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to an NTN device, and the method includes: Send a measurement configuration to the first communication device; the measurement configuration includes third-party information. Receives a third beam and a fourth beam from the first communication device, wherein the direction of the third beam is the third direction and the direction of the fourth beam is the fourth direction; Measurements are performed on the third beam and the fourth beam to obtain the measurement results of the third beam and the fourth beam. The system receives a fourth indication message from the first communication device. The fourth indication message is used to indicate a fifth difference, which is the difference between the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the fourth beam and the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the third beam. Based on the measurement results of the third beam, the measurement results of the fourth beam, and the fifth difference, a second loss is determined, which is the signal transmission loss in the fourth direction compared to the signal transmission in the third direction.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that, The measurement configuration also includes a fifth indication information, which is used to instruct the first communication device to send the third beam and the fourth beam, and to send the fourth indication information to the NTN device.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes modules or units for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-24.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that, The communication device is a chip or chip system.

27. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes: a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit being used to communicate with a device other than the communication device, and the processor being used to execute instructions stored in the memory; when the instructions are executed by the processor, the communication device is caused to perform the method of any one of claims 1-24.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that, The communication device is a chip or chip system.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the method of any one of claims 1-24 to be performed.

30. A computer program product, characterized in that, It stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the method of any one of claims 1-24 to be performed.

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