Ocean data center air conditioner cooling system and cooling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of data center cooling, and discloses a marine data center air conditioner cooling system and method. According to the cooling system provided by the invention, a double-cold-source collaborative architecture is established, and dynamic matching of a cold source side and a load side is realized; and the controller adjusts the seawater flow and the refrigerant medium flow according to the temperature of the hot end side of the server, so that the dynamic thermal load response capability is improved, and the heat transfer gradient loss of a traditional secondary heat exchange framework is eliminated. For example, when the local temperature of the server rises, the controller can synchronously increase the seawater flow of the second cold source, the gravity heat pipe channel is used, refrigerant circulation of the power heat pipe is started, precise cold delivery is achieved, and local hot spots are avoided. The gravity assisted heat pipe runs in a zero-energy-consumption mode under the natural working condition, the power heat pipe is started according to needs under the mixed working condition, and compared with a fixed structure of a traditional water chilling unit and a precise air conditioner, the system adjusting flexibility is better, the energy efficiency ratio is remarkably improved, the energy saving performance is good, and the precise temperature control requirement of a precise area is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data center cooling, and more specifically to an air conditioning cooling system and cooling method for marine data centers. Background Technology

[0002] Data center cooling systems utilizing seawater as a natural cold source can supplement cooling during summer and transitional seasons by activating compressors. However, the use of seawater's natural cooling is limited to internal system operation switching or bypass operation on the cold source side, achieving compressor frequency reduction and energy-saving operation. With the rapid development of marine information infrastructure, marine data centers are facing the challenge of severe heat load fluctuations from multiple high-density computing devices. To address these conditions, air conditioning cooling systems employing tiered cooling strategies for dynamic temperature control have become the mainstream solution.

[0003] In related technologies, air conditioning cooling systems often employ a secondary heat exchange architecture combining chiller units and terminal precision air conditioners, which can cool the dynamic loads within data centers. However, in the complex marine environment and under dynamic load operation, on the one hand, there are significant losses in the heat transfer gradient of the secondary heat exchange, leading to a decrease in the overall energy efficiency ratio of the system. Especially during transitional seasons, natural cooling sources cannot be fully and effectively utilized, resulting in insufficient energy-saving performance. On the other hand, due to the fluctuating temperature conditions of the marine environment and the high-density dynamic computing load, the combination of chiller units and terminal precision air conditioners lacks flexible adjustment capabilities. The matching between cooling capacity output and real-time heat load is prone to deviation, causing localized hot spots on servers within the racks and making it difficult to meet the precise temperature control requirements of sensitive areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an air conditioning cooling system and cooling method for marine data centers to solve the problems of insufficient energy-saving performance and difficulty in meeting the precise temperature control requirements of precision areas in the air conditioning cooling systems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a stepped cooling system for an air conditioning system in a marine data center, comprising:

[0006] The first and second cold source supply components are independently configured, and the first and second cold source supply components are respectively suitable for the circulation and supply of seawater;

[0007] The refrigeration unit is equipped with a first path and a second path for phase heat exchange, wherein the first path is connected to the first cold source supply component;

[0008] The cooling unit includes a power heat pipe channel, a gravity heat pipe channel, a third path, and a fourth path. The power heat pipe channel is connected to the second path, the gravity heat pipe channel is connected to the fourth path, and the third path is connected to the second cold source supply component. The third path and the fourth path are configured to exchange heat. The second path and the fourth path are respectively adapted to circulate a cooling medium. The power heat pipe channel and the gravity heat pipe channel are used for heat exchange with the hot end side of the server.

[0009] The controller is electrically connected to at least the first cold source supply component, the second cold source supply component, the refrigeration unit, and the cooling unit. The controller is configured to control the first cold source supply component and the second cold source supply component to adjust the flow rate of seawater based on the seawater temperature and / or the temperature of the hot end of the server; and to control the refrigeration unit and the cooling unit to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium.

[0010] Beneficial Effects: The cooling system provided by this invention establishes a dual-cold-source collaborative architecture, achieving dynamic matching between the cold source side and the load side. In terms of specific tiered cold source utilization, low-temperature seawater is supplied through independent first and second cold-source supply components, combined with the mechanical refrigeration of the refrigeration unit and the natural cold source and heat pipe technology of the cooling unit, forming a stepped cooling output method. During transitional seasons, the natural cold source of seawater is prioritized, directly cooling the system through gravity heat pipe channels. In summer, when temperatures are high or the load surges, the first cold-source supply component is activated for supplementary cooling. This method significantly reduces the annual energy consumption of mechanical refrigeration. The controller adjusts the seawater flow rate and refrigerant flow rate based on the temperature at the hot end of the server, improving the dynamic heat load response capability and eliminating the heat transfer gradient loss of traditional secondary heat exchange architectures. For example, when the local temperature of the server rises, the controller can simultaneously increase the seawater flow rate of the second cold source, using the gravity heat pipe channel and activating the refrigerant circulation of the dynamic heat pipe to achieve precise cooling delivery and avoid localized hot spots. By combining dynamic heat pipe channels and gravity heat pipe channels, the system can cover the entire operating range from low load to high load. Gravity heat pipes operate with zero energy consumption under natural conditions, while dynamic heat pipes start on demand under mixed conditions. Compared to the fixed structure of traditional chillers and precision air conditioners, the system offers greater flexibility in adjustment, significantly improved energy efficiency ratio, and better energy-saving performance, meeting the precise temperature control requirements of precision areas.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the refrigeration unit further includes an evaporator, a liquid storage tank, and a power driver. The output end of the evaporator is connected to the inlet end of the liquid storage tank, the outlet end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the input end of the power driver, the output end of the power driver is connected to the second path, and the second path is connected to the input end of the evaporator.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The receiver tank, located between the evaporator and the power drive, buffers pressure fluctuations and absorbs pressure shocks caused by sudden changes in refrigerant flow, such as during rapid load changes. This prevents frequent power start-stop cycles and extends equipment lifespan. Precise flow control via the power drive allows the controller to dynamically adjust the refrigerant flow rate in the secondary path, achieving real-time matching between cooling capacity and heat load; for example, reducing flow rate during low-load periods at night to decrease energy consumption. This invention optimizes the refrigerant circulation path, improves the stability of the mechanical refrigeration system, and enhances energy efficiency.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, the refrigeration unit further includes a return pipe and a supply pipe. Multiple secondary paths are provided, and each secondary path is connected to the power heat pipe channel. One end of the return pipe is connected to the outflow end of all secondary paths, and the other end of the return pipe is connected to the input end of the evaporator. One end of the supply pipe is connected to the output end of the power driver, and the other end of the supply pipe is connected to the inflow end of all secondary paths.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The design of multiple secondary paths connected to the return and supply pipes allows for independent temperature control in different zones. Each secondary path corresponds to a different power heat pipe channel, enabling the controller to independently adjust the flow rate for each zone, and allowing for rack-based zoning. When a hot spot appears in a certain area, the refrigerant flow rate of that path can be increased individually to enhance cooling distribution. This multi-path parallel design improves system scalability and local temperature control capabilities. Under this design, if a single path fails, the remaining paths can still maintain some cooling capacity, ensuring continuous system operation. It is suitable for scenarios where equipment maintenance is difficult in marine environments, and the redundancy design improves the reliability of system operation and maintenance.

[0015] In some alternative embodiments, at least two power drives are provided, and the at least two power drives are arranged side by side on the supply pipe.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Multiple drive units can be started and stopped in stages according to load demand, achieving adaptive load adjustment. Furthermore, it improves fault tolerance; if one drive unit fails, the others can still maintain partial cooling output, buying time for emergency repairs in marine environments. This invention enhances cooling capacity regulation accuracy and system redundancy through the coordinated operation of multiple drive units.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the refrigeration unit further includes a compressor, a power condenser, and an electronic expansion valve. A circulation path suitable for the flow of a refrigerant is provided between the compressor and the power condenser to allow the power condenser to exchange heat with the evaporator. The compressor and the electronic expansion valve are mounted on the circulation path, with the compressor positioned in the direction of the circulation path toward the power condenser and the electronic expansion valve positioned in the direction of the circulation path toward the evaporator. The power condenser is used for heat exchange between the circulation path and the first cold source supply component, and the evaporator is used for heat exchange between the circulation path and the second path.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Mechanical cooling is provided by the refrigeration unit to supplement cooling on demand; when the seawater temperature is too high or the load exceeds the capacity of the natural cooling source, the compressor starts and exchanges heat with the primary cooling source components through the power condenser, avoiding the temperature control failure caused by the over-reliance on the natural cooling source in traditional cooling systems. The refrigerant flow is regulated by an electronic expansion valve, and the controller adjusts synchronously to achieve precise matching between cooling capacity and server heat load. The opening degree is quickly adjusted during load fluctuations, improving energy efficiency and ensuring cooling capacity in all weather conditions.

[0019] In some optional embodiments, the cooling unit further includes a heat exchanger and a gravity condenser. The power heat pipe channel and the gravity heat pipe channel are thermally conductively configured on the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with the hot end side of the server. Multiple fourth paths are provided. The input end of the gravity condenser is connected to the outflow end of all fourth paths, and the output end of the gravity condenser is connected to the inflow end of all fourth paths. The gravity condenser is used for heat exchange between the third path and all fourth paths.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The heat conduction configuration of the power heat pipe and gravity heat pipe on the heat exchanger allows for direct heat exchange with the hot end of the server, which can reduce thermal resistance and heat transfer gradient loss, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency; the cold medium in path four circulates naturally in the gravity condenser by relying on density difference, without the need for additional power, which helps to reduce system energy consumption.

[0021] In some optional embodiments, the cooling unit further includes a first control valve, and the second path connecting the inflow end and the outflow end of the power heat pipe channel and the fourth path connecting the inflow end and the outflow end of the gravity heat pipe channel are respectively provided with a first control valve, and the first control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0022] Beneficial effects: Dynamic flow regulation is implemented through the first control valve, which adjusts the medium flow of the power heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe to match the actual heat load of the server; for example, when an abnormal temperature is detected in a certain gravity heat pipe channel, the controller can increase the flow of its corresponding fourth path separately.

[0023] In some alternative embodiments, an expansion valve is installed at the inflow end of the second path connecting to the power heat pipe channel.

[0024] Beneficial Effects: The expansion valve controls the flow and pressure of the refrigerant entering the power heat pipe channel through throttling and pressure reduction, ensuring a highly efficient phase change heat absorption process within the channel and thus enhancing the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe. When the server's heat load fluctuates, the controller adjusts the refrigerant flow in real time by regulating the expansion valve opening. For example, during a sudden increase in heat load, the opening is increased to boost the flow rate, ensuring the power heat pipe quickly absorbs heat and preventing localized overheating; during low loads, the opening is reduced to lower energy consumption. By maintaining the optimal evaporation pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator section of the power heat pipe, the stability of the phase change process is ensured, improving heat exchange efficiency. During transitional seasons, optimizing the refrigerant flow in the power heat pipe channel maximizes the utilization of natural cooling capacity, reduces compressor start-stop frequency, and improves the overall energy efficiency ratio.

[0025] In some optional embodiments, the third path connecting the inflow end and the outflow end of the gravity condenser is respectively provided with a second control valve, and the second control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0026] Beneficial effects: By regulating the inflow and outflow of seawater in path three through the second control valve, the flow rate of seawater through the gravity condenser is controlled, thereby adjusting the cooling capacity of the gravity heat pipe channel and preventing system failures caused by abnormal seawater flow. When the server load increases, the controller increases the opening of the second control valve to increase the seawater flow rate, thereby enhancing the heat exchange capacity of the gravity condenser and ensuring timely heat dissipation by the gravity heat pipe; conversely, the flow rate is reduced during low load periods to avoid energy waste. Furthermore, in response to seawater temperature fluctuations, such as diurnal temperature variations, the controller can dynamically adjust the opening of the second control valve to maintain a stable condensing temperature in the gravity condenser, enhancing the system's resistance to environmental interference.

[0027] In some alternative embodiments, a flow meter is provided at the outlet end of the third path connecting to the gravity condenser.

[0028] Beneficial effects: By establishing flow monitoring feedback through flow meters, the flow meters in path 3 provide seawater flow data, which, combined with server temperature feedback, forms a closed-loop control logic to avoid excessive or insufficient cooling.

[0029] In some optional embodiments, the cooling unit further includes a flow guide installed on the heat exchanger, wherein the power heat pipe channel and the gravity heat pipe channel are disposed within the flow guide area of ​​the flow guide.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Enhancing the local heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchanger through the flow guide helps eliminate hot spots; placing the dynamic heat pipe channel and the gravity heat pipe channel within the flow guide area of ​​the flow guide allows for directional forced airflow across the surface of the dynamic heat pipe channel and the gravity heat pipe channel, improving the convective heat transfer coefficient, which is suitable for suppressing local hot spots in high-density server racks.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, the first cold source supply component includes a plurality of first lifting modules, which are used to transport seawater to a first path; the second cold source supply component includes a plurality of second lifting modules, which are used to transport seawater to a third path.

[0032] Beneficial effects: The first lifting module transports the low-temperature seawater to the first path for mechanical refrigeration, while the second lifting module transports it to the third path for natural cooling. The first and second lifting modules are controlled independently, and the cooling sources are regulated independently. For example, under natural operating conditions, only the second lifting module is activated to supply auxiliary cooling, while under mixed operating conditions, the flow rates of both modules are adjusted proportionally. This design helps to avoid excessive seawater flow and increased energy consumption during transport.

[0033] Secondly, the present invention also provides a cooling method for a stepped cooling system for an air conditioning system in a marine data center, the cooling method comprising:

[0034] It provides servers and a cooling system, the cooling system including a first cold source supply component, a second cold source supply component, a refrigeration unit, a cooling unit and a controller;

[0035] The cooling unit includes a power heat pipe channel and a gravity heat pipe channel, which are used for heat exchange with the hot end side of the server.

[0036] Under natural operating conditions, heat is exchanged between the second cold source supply component and the gravity heat pipe channel to reduce the temperature of the hot end side of the server;

[0037] Under mixed operating conditions, the first cold source supply component exchanges heat with the power heat pipe channel, and the second cold source supply component exchanges heat with the gravity heat pipe channel, so as to jointly reduce the temperature of the hot end side of the server.

[0038] The controller switches the cooling system to natural or mixed operating conditions based on the seawater temperature and / or the temperature at the hot end of the server.

[0039] Beneficial effects: The cooling method provided by this invention, with its adaptive switching strategy for operating conditions, can maximize the utilization rate of natural cold sources; the controller dynamically switches between natural and mixed operating conditions based on seawater temperature and the temperature at the hot end of the server load, enabling intelligent operation; and through the coordinated adjustment of the seawater flow rate and the flow rate of the cooling medium, the server temperature fluctuation during the operating condition switching process is reduced, meeting the requirements for precise temperature control. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning and cooling system for a marine data center according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first cold source supply unit and the refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first cold source supply unit and the cooling unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the cooling unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the server and heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0047] 101. First enhancement module; 102. Second enhancement module;

[0048] 200. Refrigeration unit; 201. Compressor; 202. Power condenser; 203. Evaporator; 204. Electronic expansion valve; 205. Liquid receiver; 206. Power actuator; 207. Return pipe; 208. Supply pipe;

[0049] 301. Heat exchanger; 302. Gravity condenser; 303. First control valve; 304. Expansion valve; 305. Second control valve; 306. Flow meter; 307. Dynamic heat pipe channel; 308. Gravity heat pipe channel; 309. Drainage component;

[0050] S01, Path 1; S02, Path 2; S03, Path 3; S04, Path 4; S05, Loop Path. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] The following is combined Figures 1 to 5 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a marine data center air conditioning tiered cooling system, including a first cold source supply component, a second cold source supply component, a refrigeration unit 200, a cooling unit, and a controller.

[0054] The first cold source supply component and the second cold source supply component are set up independently, and the first cold source supply component and the second cold source supply component are respectively suitable for circulating and supplying seawater.

[0055] See Figures 2 to 4 In this embodiment, the refrigeration unit 200 is configured with a first path S01 and a second path S02 for phase heat exchange. The first path S01 is connected to the first cold source supply component. The cooling unit includes a power heat pipe channel 307, a gravity heat pipe channel 308, a third path S03, and a fourth path S04. The power heat pipe channel 307 is connected to the second path S02, the gravity heat pipe channel 308 is connected to the fourth path S04, and the third path S03 is connected to the second cold source supply component. The third path S03 and the fourth path S04 are configured for phase heat exchange. The second path S02 and the fourth path S04 are respectively suitable for circulating a cold medium. The power heat pipe channel 307 and the gravity heat pipe channel 308 are used for heat exchange with the hot end side of the server.

[0056] In this embodiment, the controller is electrically connected to the first cold source supply component, the second cold source supply component, the refrigeration unit 200, and the cooling unit. The controller is configured to control the first cold source supply component and the second cold source supply component according to the seawater temperature and / or the temperature of the hot end of the server to adjust the flow rate of seawater; and to control the refrigeration unit 200 and the cooling unit to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium.

[0057] The cooling system provided by this invention establishes a dual-cold-source collaborative architecture, achieving dynamic matching between the cold source side and the load side. In terms of specific tiered cold source utilization, low-temperature seawater is supplied through independent first and second cold-source supply components, combined with the mechanical refrigeration of the refrigeration unit 200 and the natural cold source and heat pipe technology of the cooling unit, forming a stepped cooling output method. During transitional seasons, the natural cold source of seawater is prioritized, directly cooled through the gravity heat pipe channel 308. In summer, when temperatures are high or the load surges, the first cold-source supply component is activated for supplementary cooling. This method significantly reduces the annual energy consumption of mechanical refrigeration. The controller adjusts the seawater flow rate and the cold medium flow rate based on the temperature at the hot end of the server, improving the dynamic heat load response capability and eliminating the heat transfer gradient loss of traditional secondary heat exchange architectures. For example, when the local temperature of the server rises, the controller can simultaneously increase the seawater flow rate of the second cold source, using the gravity heat pipe channel 308 and activating the cold medium circulation of the power heat pipe to achieve precise cooling delivery and avoid localized hot spots. By combining the dynamic heat pipe channel 307 and the gravity heat pipe channel 308, the system can cover the entire operating range from low load to high load. The gravity heat pipe operates with zero energy consumption under natural operating conditions, while the dynamic heat pipe starts on demand under mixed operating conditions. Compared with the fixed structure of traditional chillers and precision air conditioners, the system has better adjustment flexibility, significantly improved energy efficiency ratio, and better energy-saving performance, meeting the precise temperature control requirements of precision areas.

[0058] In one embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The first cold source supply component includes several first lifting modules 101, which are used to transport seawater to path S01; the second cold source supply component includes several second lifting modules 102, which are used to transport seawater to path S01.

[0059] The cooling system provided in this embodiment transports low-temperature seawater to path S01 via a first lifting module 101 for mechanical cooling, and transports the low-temperature seawater to a third path via a second lifting module 102 for natural cooling. The first lifting module 101 and the second lifting module 102 are independently controlled, and the cold source is independently regulated. For example, under natural operating conditions, only the second lifting module 102 is activated to supply auxiliary cold source; under mixed operating conditions, the flow rates of both modules are adjusted proportionally. This design helps to avoid excessive seawater flow and increased transport energy consumption.

[0060] In the specific implementation process, the first lifting module 101 is installed in an underwater environment. Powered by the first lifting module 101, it transports cryogenic seawater to the cooling system, where it exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the power heat pipe channel 307 before being discharged into the ocean. Similarly, the second lifting module 102 is installed in an underwater environment. Powered by the second lifting module 102, it transports cryogenic seawater to the cooling system, where it exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the power heat pipe channel 307 before being discharged into the ocean. The lifting modules may be equipped with connected pumps and filters.

[0061] In the specific implementation process, the entry height of the first lifting module 101 and the second lifting module 102 is greater than their exit height.

[0062] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 200 cools the hot end of the server by exchanging heat between the low-temperature seawater in the first path S01 and the cold medium in the power heat pipe channel 307 in the second path S02.

[0063] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The refrigeration unit 200 also includes an evaporator 203, a liquid receiver 205, and a power driver 206. The output end of the evaporator 203 is connected to the inlet end of the liquid receiver 205, the outlet end of the liquid receiver 205 is connected to the input end of the power driver 206, the output end of the power driver 206 is connected to the second path S02, and the second path S02 is connected to the input end of the evaporator 203. The liquid receiver 205 is located between the evaporator 203 and the power driver 206. The liquid receiver 205 buffers pressure fluctuations and absorbs pressure shocks caused by sudden changes in the flow rate of the refrigerant, such as during sudden load changes, preventing frequent power start-stops and extending equipment life. The power driver 206 precisely controls the flow, and the controller can dynamically adjust the refrigerant flow rate of the second path S02 to achieve real-time matching between cooling capacity and heat load; for example, reducing the flow rate during low load periods at night to reduce energy consumption. This invention optimizes the refrigerant circulation path S05, improves the stability of the mechanical refrigeration system, and increases energy efficiency.

[0064] In one embodiment, see Figure 2The refrigeration unit 200 also includes a compressor 201, a power condenser 202, and an electronic expansion valve 204. A circulation path S05 suitable for the flow of a refrigerant is provided between the compressor 201 and the power condenser 202 so that the power condenser 202 and the evaporator 203 can exchange heat. The compressor 201 and the electronic expansion valve 204 are installed on the circulation path S05. The compressor 201 is located in the direction of the circulation path S05 toward the power condenser 202, and the electronic expansion valve 204 is located in the direction of the circulation path S05 toward the evaporator 203. The power condenser 202 is used for heat exchange with the first cold source supply component in the circulation path S05, and the evaporator 203 is used for heat exchange with the second path S02 in the circulation path S05.

[0065] Mechanical cooling is provided by the refrigeration unit 200 to supplement cooling as needed. When the seawater temperature is too high or the load exceeds the capacity of the natural cooling source, the compressor 201 starts and exchanges heat with the first cooling source supply component through the power condenser 202, avoiding the temperature control failure caused by the over-reliance on the natural cooling source in traditional cooling systems. The refrigerant flow rate is regulated by the electronic expansion valve 204, and the controller adjusts the control synchronously to achieve precise matching between the cooling capacity and the server's heat load. The opening degree is quickly adjusted when the load fluctuates, improving energy efficiency and ensuring cooling capacity in all weather conditions.

[0066] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The refrigeration unit 200 also includes a return pipe 207 and a supply pipe 208. Multiple secondary paths S02 are provided, and the secondary paths S02 are connected to the power heat pipe channel 307. One end of the return pipe 207 is connected to the outflow end of all secondary paths S02, and the other end of the return pipe 207 is connected to the input end of the evaporator 203. One end of the supply pipe 208 is connected to the output end of the power driver 206, and the other end of the supply pipe 208 is connected to the inflow end of all secondary paths S02.

[0067] The cooling system provided in this embodiment, through a design with multiple secondary paths S02 connected to the return pipe 207 and the supply pipe 208, can establish independent temperature control for each zone. The multiple secondary paths S02 correspond to different power heat pipe channels 307, allowing the controller to independently adjust the flow rate for each zone, and can be arranged according to cabinet zones. When a hot spot appears in a certain area, the refrigerant flow rate of that path can be increased individually to enhance cooling capacity distribution. This multi-path parallel design improves system scalability and local temperature control capability. Under the multi-path parallel design, if a single path fails, the remaining paths can still maintain some cooling capacity, ensuring continuous system operation. This is suitable for scenarios where equipment maintenance is difficult in marine environments, and the redundancy design improves the reliability of system operation and maintenance.

[0068] In one embodiment, see Figure 2The system includes two or more power drives 206, arranged side-by-side on the supply pipe 208. Multiple power drives 206 can be started and stopped in stages according to load demand, achieving adaptive load adjustment. For example, only one drive can be activated at 50% load, while all drives can be activated at 100% load, avoiding efficiency degradation caused by long-term high-load operation of a single drive. Furthermore, it improves fault tolerance; if one drive fails, the remaining drives can still maintain partial cooling output, buying time for emergency repairs in marine environments. This invention enhances the accuracy of cooling capacity regulation and system redundancy through the coordinated operation of multiple power drives 206.

[0069] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 The cooling unit also includes a heat exchanger 301 and a gravity condenser 302. The power heat pipe channel 307 and the gravity heat pipe channel 308 are heat-conductingly configured on the heat exchanger 301. The heat exchanger 301 is configured to exchange heat with the hot end side of the server. There are multiple fourth paths S04. The input end of the gravity condenser 302 is connected to the outflow end of all fourth paths S04, and the output end of the gravity condenser 302 is connected to the inflow end of all fourth paths S04. The gravity condenser 302 is used for heat exchange between the third path S03 and all fourth paths S04.

[0070] The cooling system provided in this embodiment has a power heat pipe and a gravity heat pipe configured for heat conduction on a heat exchanger 301 to directly exchange heat with the hot end of the server, which can reduce thermal resistance and heat transfer gradient loss, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The cold medium in path S04 circulates naturally in the gravity condenser 302 by relying on density difference, without the need for additional power, which helps to reduce system energy consumption.

[0071] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 The cooling unit also includes a first control valve 303. The second path S02, connecting the inflow and outflow ends of the power heat pipe channel 307, and the fourth path S04, connecting the inflow and outflow ends of the gravity heat pipe channel 308, are each equipped with a first control valve 303. The first control valve 303 is electrically connected to the controller. Dynamic flow regulation is implemented through the first control valve 303, adjusting the medium flow rate of the power heat pipe and gravity heat pipe to match the actual heat load of the server. For example, if an abnormal temperature is detected in a gravity heat pipe channel 308, the controller can independently increase the flow rate of its corresponding fourth path S04.

[0072] In one embodiment, see Figure 4An expansion valve 304 is installed at the inflow end of the power heat pipe channel 307, which is connected to path S02. The expansion valve 304 controls the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant entering the power heat pipe channel 307 through throttling and pressure reduction, ensuring a highly efficient phase change heat absorption process within the channel, thereby improving the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe. When the server's heat load fluctuates, the controller adjusts the refrigerant flow rate in real time by regulating the opening of the expansion valve. For example, during a sudden increase in heat load, the opening is increased to increase the flow rate, ensuring the power heat pipe absorbs heat quickly and avoiding localized overheating; during low loads, the opening is reduced to lower energy consumption. By maintaining the optimal evaporation pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporation section of the power heat pipe, the stability of the phase change process is ensured, improving heat exchange efficiency. During transitional seasons, by optimizing the refrigerant flow rate of the power heat pipe channel 307, the cooling capacity of the natural cold source can be maximized, reducing the start-stop frequency of the compressor 201 and improving the overall energy efficiency ratio.

[0073] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 A second control valve 305 is installed at both the inlet and outlet ends of path S03, which connects to the gravity condenser 302. The second control valve 305 is electrically connected to the controller. The inflow and outflow of seawater in path S03 are adjusted via the second control valve 305, controlling the seawater flux through the gravity condenser 302, thereby adjusting the cooling capacity of the gravity heat pipe channel 308 and preventing system malfunctions caused by abnormal seawater flow. When the server load increases, the controller increases the opening of the second control valve 305, increasing the seawater flow to enhance the heat exchange capacity of the gravity condenser 302 and ensure timely heat dissipation from the gravity heat pipe; conversely, the flow is reduced during low load periods to avoid energy waste. Furthermore, to address seawater temperature fluctuations, such as diurnal temperature variations, the controller can dynamically adjust the opening of the second control valve 305 to maintain a stable condensing temperature in the gravity condenser 302, enhancing the system's resistance to environmental interference.

[0074] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 A flow meter 306 is installed at the outlet of the gravity condenser 302 connected to path S03. Flow monitoring feedback is established through the flow meter 306. The flow meter 306 of path S03 provides seawater flow data, which, combined with server temperature feedback, forms a closed-loop control logic to avoid excessive or insufficient cooling.

[0075] In one embodiment, see Figure 5The cooling unit also includes a flow guide 309, which is mounted on the heat exchanger 301. The dynamic heat pipe channel 307 and the gravity heat pipe channel 308 are located within the flow guide area of ​​the flow guide 309. The flow guide 309 enhances the local heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchanger 301, which helps eliminate hot spots. Placing the dynamic heat pipe channel 307 and the gravity heat pipe channel 308 within the flow guide area of ​​the flow guide 309 allows for directional forced airflow across their surfaces, improving the convective heat transfer coefficient and making it suitable for suppressing localized hot spots in high-density server racks.

[0076] The cooling system provided in this embodiment has two operating conditions throughout the year: mixed cooling condition and completely natural cooling condition.

[0077] Hybrid cooling mode: In summer and other seasons when the seawater temperature is high, such as 30℃, the air outlet of the server, which is generally 40℃ under the rated load of the computing server, will first pass through the gravity heat pipe channel 308 of the heat exchanger 301 in the terminal precision air conditioner for heat exchange and cooling, and then enter the cooling unit 200 in the power heat pipe channel 307 in the terminal precision air conditioner for heat exchange and cooling, and finally be cooled to about 25℃. The cold air at about 25℃ will then enter the computing server again to cool the server, and so on.

[0078] Completely natural cooling operation: When the seawater temperature is low in winter, the cooling unit 200 stops operating. The air from the server will first pass through the gravity heat pipe channel 308 of the terminal precision air conditioner for heat exchange and cooling, directly cooling it to about 25°C. The cold air at about 25°C will then enter the computing server to cool it down, and this cycle will continue.

[0079] In the above description, the cooling medium can be set as a refrigerant; for example, R22, R134a, R410a, etc., or supercritical carbon dioxide, etc.

[0080] The refrigeration system provided in this embodiment can preferentially utilize the natural cold source of seawater in any season, which is a stepped cooling system that utilizes the seawater cold source in stages. Each terminal air conditioner in the computer room can automatically distribute refrigerant and achieve precise cooling by adjusting the electronic expansion valve 204 of the air conditioner terminal branch according to the return air temperature of the refrigerated equipment.

[0081] This embodiment also provides a cooling method for a stepped cooling system for an air conditioning system in a marine data center, the cooling method including:

[0082] It provides servers and a cooling system, the cooling system including a first cold source supply component, a second cold source supply component, a refrigeration unit 200, a cooling unit and a controller;

[0083] The cooling unit includes a power heat pipe channel 307 and a gravity heat pipe channel 308, which are used for heat exchange with the hot end side of the server.

[0084] Under natural operating conditions, the server's hot end temperature is reduced by exchanging heat with the gravity heat pipe channel 308 through the second cold source supply component.

[0085] Under mixed operating conditions, the first cold source supply component exchanges heat with the power heat pipe channel 307, and the second cold source supply component exchanges heat with the gravity heat pipe channel 308, so as to jointly reduce the temperature of the hot end side of the server.

[0086] The controller switches the cooling system to natural or mixed operating conditions based on the seawater temperature and / or the temperature at the hot end of the server.

[0087] The cooling method provided by this invention features an adaptive switching strategy for operating conditions, which can maximize the utilization rate of natural cold sources. The controller dynamically switches between natural and mixed operating conditions based on the seawater temperature and the temperature at the hot end of the server load, enabling intelligent operation. Through the coordinated adjustment of the seawater flow rate and the flow rate of the cooling medium, the server temperature fluctuation during the operating condition switching process is reduced, meeting the requirements for precise temperature control.

[0088] In a specific implementation, when the seawater temperature is ≤15℃ and the server load is ≤70%, the natural operating condition can be prioritized; when either condition is not met, the system gradually starts the compressor 201 of the cooling unit 200 in the mixed operating condition to avoid system oscillation caused by frequent switching.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A marine data center air conditioning and cooling system, characterized in that, include: The first and second cold source supply components are independently configured, and the first and second cold source supply components are respectively suitable for the circulation and supply of seawater; The refrigeration unit (200) is configured with a first path (S01) and a second path (S02) for phase heat exchange, wherein the first path (S01) is connected to the first cold source supply component. The cooling unit includes a power heat pipe channel (307), a gravity heat pipe channel (308), a third path (S03), and a fourth path (S04). The power heat pipe channel (307) is connected to the second path (S02), the gravity heat pipe channel (308) is connected to the fourth path (S04), and the third path (S03) is connected to the second cold source supply component. The third path (S03) and the fourth path (S04) are configured to exchange heat. The second path (S02) and the fourth path (S04) are respectively adapted to circulate a cooling medium. The power heat pipe channel (307) and the gravity heat pipe channel (308) are used for heat exchange with the hot end side of the server. The controller is electrically connected to at least the first cold source supply component, the second cold source supply component, the refrigeration unit (200), and the cooling unit. The controller is configured to control the first cold source supply component and the second cold source supply component to adjust the flow rate of seawater based on the seawater temperature and / or the temperature of the hot end of the server; and to control the refrigeration unit (200) and the cooling unit to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium.

2. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigeration unit (200) further includes an evaporator (203), a liquid storage tank (205), and a power driver (206). The output end of the evaporator (203) is connected to the inlet end of the liquid storage tank (205), the outlet end of the liquid storage tank (205) is connected to the input end of the power driver (206), the output end of the power driver (206) is connected to the second path (S02), and the second path (S02) is connected to the input end of the evaporator (203).

3. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The refrigeration unit (200) further includes a return pipe (207) and a supply pipe (208). Multiple secondary paths (S02) are provided. Each secondary path (S02) is connected to the power heat pipe channel (307). One end of the return pipe (207) is connected to the outflow end of all secondary paths (S02), and the other end of the return pipe (207) is connected to the input end of the evaporator (203). One end of the supply pipe (208) is connected to the output end of the power driver (206), and the other end of the supply pipe (208) is connected to the inflow end of all secondary paths (S02).

4. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least two power drives (206) are provided, and at least two power drives (206) are arranged side by side on the supply pipe (208).

5. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The refrigeration unit (200) further includes a compressor (201), a power condenser (202), and an electronic expansion valve (204). A circulation path (S05) suitable for the flow of a refrigerant is provided between the compressor (201) and the power condenser (202) so that the power condenser (202) and the evaporator (203) are arranged for heat exchange. The compressor (201) and the electronic expansion valve (204) are installed on the circulation path (S05). The compressor (201) is arranged in the direction of the circulation path (S05) toward the power condenser (202), and the electronic expansion valve (204) is arranged in the direction of the circulation path (S05) toward the evaporator (203). The power condenser (202) is used for heat exchange between the circulation path (S05) and the first cold source supply component, and the evaporator (203) is used for heat exchange between the circulation path (S05) and the second path (S02).

6. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The cooling unit further includes a heat exchanger (301) and a gravity condenser (302). The power heat pipe channel (307) and the gravity heat pipe channel (308) are thermally conductively configured on the heat exchanger (301). The heat exchanger (301) is configured to exchange heat with the hot end side of the server. Multiple fourth paths (S04) are provided. The input end of the gravity condenser (302) is connected to the outflow end of all fourth paths (S04), and the output end of the gravity condenser (302) is connected to the inflow end of all fourth paths (S04). The gravity condenser (302) is used for heat exchange between the third path (S03) and all fourth paths (S04).

7. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling unit further includes a first control valve (303). The second path (S02) connecting the inflow and outflow ends of the power heat pipe channel (307) and the fourth path (S04) connecting the inflow and outflow ends of the gravity heat pipe channel (308) are respectively equipped with a first control valve (303). The first control valve (303) is electrically connected to the controller; and / or, An expansion valve (304) is installed at the inflow end of the second path (S02) connecting to the power heat pipe channel (307); and / or, The third path (S03) connecting the inlet and outlet ends of the gravity condenser (302) is respectively equipped with a second control valve (305), and the second control valve (305) is electrically connected to the controller; and / or, A flow meter (306) is provided at the outlet end of the third path (S03) that connects to the gravity condenser (302).

8. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling unit also includes several flow guides (309), which are installed on the heat exchanger (301). The power heat pipe channel (307) and the gravity heat pipe channel (308) are located in the flow guide area of ​​the flow guide (309).

9. The marine data center air conditioning and cooling system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first cold source supply component includes a plurality of first lifting modules (101), which are used to transport seawater to path one (S01); the second cold source supply component includes a plurality of second lifting modules (102), which are used to transport seawater to path three.

10. A cooling method for an air conditioning cooling system of a marine data center, characterized in that, The cooling method includes: It provides a server and a cooling system, the cooling system including a first cold source supply component, a second cold source supply component, a refrigeration unit (200), a cooling unit and a controller; The cooling unit includes a power heat pipe channel (307) and a gravity heat pipe channel (308), which are used for heat exchange with the hot end side of the server. Under natural operating conditions, the server’s hot end temperature is reduced by exchanging heat with the gravity heat pipe channel (308) through the second cold source supply component. Under mixed operating conditions, the first cold source supply component exchanges heat with the power heat pipe channel (307), and the second cold source supply component exchanges heat with the gravity heat pipe channel (308) to jointly reduce the temperature of the hot end side of the server. The controller switches the cooling system to natural or mixed operating conditions based on the seawater temperature and / or the temperature at the hot end of the server.

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