Dust removal device for open pit coal mine crushing station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust removal equipment, in particular to a dust removal device for an open pit coal mine crushing station. The invention provides a dust removal device for an open pit coal mine crushing station. The dust removal device for the open pit coal mine crushing station comprises a gas-collecting hood shell, a negative pressure suction unit and a self-adaptive flow guide unit, the gas collecting hood shell is provided with an internal space and a hood opening, and the internal space is used for covering a dust source; the hood opening is positioned at the lower end of the gas-collecting hood shell; the negative pressure suction unit is communicated with the internal space of the gas collecting hood shell and is used for sucking dust-containing gas flow through the hood opening; the self-adaptive flow guide unit is arranged on the periphery of the cover opening and used for passively forming a physical barrier on the windward side under the action of lateral wind power so as to block interference of the lateral wind power to airflow in the inner space. The invention provides a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station. The dust removal device is used for solving the technical problem that in the prior art, the dust collection efficiency is low due to crosswind interference of a dust removal device in an open-pit environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust removal equipment technology, and in particular to a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit coal mine crushing stations are the main source of dust generation. In order to meet environmental protection requirements and protect the health of personnel, dust removal devices must be installed.

[0003] Conventional dust removal devices capture dust through a hood, which is then removed by a negative pressure suction unit for purification.

[0004] However, in open-air environments, such dust removal devices generally suffer from a serious technical problem: poor resistance to crosswinds. Specifically, when the dust removal device is collecting dust from bottom to top, if it encounters a crosswind, the external airflow will severely disrupt the negative pressure field near the hood opening, causing a large amount of dust to be blown away and escape before it can be effectively collected, resulting in a significant decrease in dust removal efficiency and making it difficult to achieve stable dust control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station, which solves the technical problem of low dust collection efficiency caused by crosswind interference in open-pit environments.

[0006] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: This invention provides a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station. The dust removal device includes: a gas collecting hood shell, a negative pressure suction unit, and an adaptive flow guiding unit. The gas collecting hood shell has an internal space and a hood opening. The internal space is used to cover the dust source. The hood opening is located at the lower end of the gas collecting hood shell. The negative pressure suction unit is connected to the internal space of the gas collecting hood shell and is used to suction dust-laden airflow through the hood opening. The adaptive flow guiding unit is disposed around the periphery of the hood opening and is used to passively form a physical barrier on the windward side under the action of lateral wind force to block the interference of the lateral wind force on the airflow in the internal space.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive airflow guiding unit includes a louvered frame and a plurality of blades; the louvered frame is disposed at the lower end of the hood opening, the louvered frame has a vertically arranged dust inlet channel, the inlet of the dust inlet channel is located at the lower end of the louvered frame, the outlet of the dust inlet channel is located at the upper end of the louvered frame and communicates with the hood opening, and the side wall of the louvered frame has a plurality of ventilation openings distributed circumferentially thereon; the plurality of blades are divided into a plurality of blade groups, each blade group including a plurality of blades, and one ventilation opening is provided with one blade group; the blades are used to switch between an open position and a closed position; wherein, under the action of the lateral wind force, the blades located in the ventilation opening on the windward side move to the closed position to close the ventilation opening and form the physical barrier; under the action of no lateral wind force, the blades move to the open position under the action of gravity to expose the ventilation opening.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each blade of each blade group is arranged side by side in a top-to-bottom direction, and each blade is arranged in a transverse direction.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive flow guiding unit further includes a plurality of rotating shafts, each of the blades being rotatably connected to the louver frame via a rotating shaft extending in a horizontal direction.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive flow guiding unit further includes a plurality of elastic mechanisms corresponding to the rotating shaft, each of the elastic mechanisms being a torsion spring set on the corresponding rotating shaft, the torsion spring being used to apply a restoring force to the corresponding blade when there is no lateral wind force, so as to help the blade maintain the open position.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive guide unit further includes a plurality of counterweight mechanisms, each of the blades being provided with a counterweight mechanism, the counterweight mechanism being used to change the sensitivity of the blade in response to lateral wind force.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pre-separation unit is further included, disposed in the internal space, for pre-separating particulate matter of a predetermined particle size in the dust-laden airflow before the dust-laden airflow is extracted from the internal space.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pre-separation unit includes a guide plate and a dust collection mechanism; the guide plate is disposed on the inner wall of the gas collection hood housing and extends spirally along the axial direction of the gas collection hood housing, for guiding the rising dust-laden airflow into a vortex airflow; the dust collection mechanism is located below the guide plate and is configured as an annular structure, the outer peripheral wall of the dust collection mechanism is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the gas collection hood housing, for collecting the particulate matter that is separated and falls under the centrifugal force of the vortex airflow.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dust collection mechanism has a discharge port that extends vertically through both ends of the dust collection mechanism to guide and discharge the collected particulate matter by gravity.

[0015] The present invention also provides a dust removal system for an open-pit crushing plant, comprising: a coal mine crushing plant and an open-pit coal mine crushing plant dust removal device according to the above embodiments; the hood of the open-pit coal mine crushing plant dust removal device is located above the coal mine crushing plant and is used to collect the dust generated by the coal mine crushing plant.

[0016] The features and advantages of the dust removal device for open-pit coal mine crushing stations of the present invention are as follows: Existing technologies, when encountering crosswinds, disrupt the negative pressure field on the windward side, causing dust to disperse, while the leeward side draws in a large amount of clean air due to increased pressure difference, resulting in energy waste and reduced efficiency. This invention, through a passively formed physical barrier on the windward side, effectively blocks the intrusion of external lateral airflow, fundamentally eliminating negative pressure loss on the windward side. Simultaneously, other channels on the non-windward sides maintain normal air intake. This intelligent adjustment mechanism of "directional blocking and zoned air intake" ensures that the aerodynamic pressure around the hood remains balanced, allowing the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure suction unit to consistently and centrally act on the dust source below, avoiding "airflow short-circuiting" caused by drawing in distant clean air. Thus, it maintains a high and stable effective dust collection rate even under variable outdoor wind conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dust removal device of the open-pit coal mine crushing station according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the blades are located in the closed position; Figure 2This is a top view schematic diagram of the dust removal device for the open-pit coal mine crushing station of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dust removal device of the open-pit coal mine crushing station according to an embodiment of the present invention from another angle; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Gas collection hood shell; 11. Internal space; 12. Hood opening; 2. Adaptive flow guiding unit; 21. Louver frame; 211. Ventilation opening; 22. Blade; 3. Pre-separation unit; 31. Guide plate; 32. Dust collection mechanism; 321. Discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Implementation Method 1 like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station includes: a gas collecting hood shell 1, a negative pressure suction unit, and an adaptive flow guiding unit 2; the gas collecting hood shell 1 has an internal space 11 and a hood opening 12, the internal space 11 is used to cover the dust source; the hood opening 12 is located at the lower end of the gas collecting hood shell 1; the negative pressure suction unit is connected to the internal space 11 of the gas collecting hood shell 1 and is used to suck up the dust-laden airflow through the hood opening 12; the adaptive flow guiding unit 2 is disposed around the periphery of the hood opening 12 and is used to passively form a physical barrier on the windward side under the action of lateral wind force to block the interference of lateral wind force on the airflow of the internal space 11.

[0024] In practical implementation, existing technologies, when encountering crosswinds, disrupt the negative pressure field on the windward side, causing dust to be dispersed. Simultaneously, the leeward side draws in a large amount of clean air due to the increased pressure difference, resulting in energy waste and reduced efficiency. This invention, through a passively formed physical barrier on the windward side, effectively blocks the intrusion of external lateral airflow, fundamentally eliminating negative pressure loss on the windward side. Meanwhile, other channels on the non-windward sides continue to allow normal air intake. This intelligent adjustment mechanism of "directional blocking and zoned air intake" ensures that the aerodynamic pressure around the 12 circumferences of the hood remains balanced, allowing the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure suction unit to consistently and centrally act on the dust source below, avoiding "airflow short-circuiting" caused by drawing in distant clean air. This maintains a high and stable effective dust collection rate even under varying open-air wind conditions.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive airflow guiding unit 2 includes a louvered frame 21 and a plurality of blades 22; the louvered frame 21 is disposed at the lower end of the hood 12, the louvered frame 21 has a dust inlet channel arranged vertically, the inlet of the dust inlet channel is located at the lower end of the louvered frame 21, the outlet of the dust inlet channel is located at the upper end of the louvered frame 21 and communicates with the hood 12, and the side wall of the louvered frame 21 has a plurality of ventilation openings 211 distributed circumferentially thereon; the plurality of blades 22 are divided into a plurality of blade groups, each blade group includes a plurality of blades 22, and one ventilation opening 211 is provided with one blade group; the blades 22 are used to switch between an open position and a closed position; wherein, under the action of lateral wind, the blades 22 located in the ventilation opening 211 on the windward side move to the closed position to close the ventilation opening 211, forming a physical barrier; under the action of no lateral wind, the blades 22 move to the open position under the action of gravity to expose the ventilation opening 211.

[0026] In practical implementation, the dust inlet channel serves as the main airflow path for dust, while the circumferential ventilation openings 211 and blades 22 constitute auxiliary channels for airflow regulation. This "primary and secondary" structure allows the device to supplement airflow through the ventilation openings 211 when there is no wind, reducing suction resistance; when there is wind, the blades 22 on the windward side are closed to precisely block interference sources, while protecting the stable dust suction environment of the dust inlet channel. The design of the blades 22 automatically opening under gravity ensures that the system can quickly return to the maximum air intake state after the crosswind disappears, avoiding suction loss caused by the blades 22 failing to open in time, and improving the overall working efficiency of the device under dynamic wind fields.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each blade 22 of each blade group is arranged side by side in a top-to-bottom direction, and each blade 22 extends laterally.

[0028] In practical implementation, this "Venetian blind" layout significantly improves the system's response sensitivity compared to a single, large baffle. Each smaller blade 22 has a smaller moment of inertia, allowing it to be driven by even weak winds, achieving a wide range of responses from light to strong winds. The lateral extension maximizes the wind-receiving area of ​​the blades 22 in the horizontal direction, conforming to the force pattern of crosswinds and ensuring that wind pressure is used most effectively to drive the blades 22 to rotate.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive flow guiding unit 2 further includes a plurality of rotating shafts, each blade 22 being rotatably connected to the louver frame 21 via a rotating shaft extending in a horizontal direction.

[0030] In practical implementation, this rotating shaft structure provides a simple, reliable, and low-friction mechanical support for the passive rotation of the blade 22. It ensures that the blade 22 can swing smoothly around a fixed axis, which is the structural basis for switching between the "open" and "closed" positions and guarantees the long-term stable realization of the entire adaptive function.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive flow guiding unit 2 further includes a plurality of elastic mechanisms corresponding to the rotating shaft. Each elastic mechanism is a torsion spring set on the corresponding rotating shaft. The torsion spring is used to apply a restoring force to the corresponding blade 22 when there is no lateral wind force, so as to help the blade 22 maintain in the open position.

[0032] In practical implementation, the restoring force provided by the torsion spring effectively complements and enhances the gravity-based reset function. It solves two potential problems associated with relying solely on gravity: first, under continuous negative pressure, the blades 22 might be "adsorbed" into the closed position and unable to fully open; second, when wind speeds change frequently, the reset speed relying solely on gravity might be too slow. Therefore, the torsion spring ensures that the blades 22 can return to the fully open position more quickly and reliably after the crosswind disappears or weakens, thereby improving the device's response speed and overall operating efficiency in dynamic wind field environments.

[0033] In this embodiment, one end of the torsion spring is connected to the louver frame 21, and the other end of the torsion spring is connected to the corresponding blade 22.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive guide unit 2 further includes multiple counterweight mechanisms, each blade 22 is provided with a counterweight mechanism, and the counterweight mechanism is used to change the sensitivity of the blade 22 in response to lateral wind force.

[0035] In practical implementation, the counterweight mechanism gives the device adjustability and environmental adaptability. Operators can adjust the counterweight to set the trigger wind threshold for blade 22 to flip based on the average wind conditions at the site. For example, in areas with strong winds, the counterweight can be increased to prevent blade 22 from opening and closing frequently due to light winds; in areas with weak winds, the counterweight can be reduced to increase sensitivity. This allows the same device to flexibly adapt to different working conditions.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pre-separation unit 3 is further included, which is disposed in the internal space 11 and is used to pre-separate particles of a predetermined size in the dust-laden airflow before the dust-laden airflow is extracted from the internal space 11.

[0037] In practice, the pre-separation unit 3 serves a dual purpose: protecting downstream equipment and reducing the load on the back-end processing. It intercepts and removes large or highly abrasive particles (such as coal lumps and stones) mixed in the airflow, effectively preventing these particles from impacting and abrading the negative pressure suction unit (such as the fan impeller) at high speed and from puncturing the subsequent fine filter bags. This not only extends the service life of the entire dust removal system but also reduces the dust load in the fine filtration stage, thereby reducing the frequency of dust removal and maintenance costs.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pre-separation unit 3 includes a guide plate 31 and a dust collection mechanism 32; the guide plate 31 is disposed on the inner wall of the gas collection hood housing 1 and extends spirally along the axial direction of the gas collection hood housing 1, for guiding the rising dust-laden airflow into a vortex airflow; the dust collection mechanism 32 is located below the guide plate 31 and is configured as an annular structure, with the outer peripheral wall of the dust collection mechanism 32 connected to the inner peripheral wall of the gas collection hood housing 1, for collecting the particles that are separated and fall under the centrifugal force of the vortex airflow.

[0039] In practice, the spirally extending guide vane 31 efficiently transforms the originally chaotic vertical upward airflow into a stable vortex motion, thereby generating a powerful centrifugal force field, which is the power source for throwing particles out of the airflow. The annular dust collection mechanism 32 is cleverly positioned below the guide vane 31, precisely on the path of the particles thrown out by centrifugal force as they fall, ensuring that no matter which direction the particles fall from, they can be effectively intercepted and collected.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dust collection mechanism 32 has a discharge port 321 that extends vertically through both ends of the dust collection mechanism 32 to guide and discharge the collected particulate matter by gravity.

[0041] In practice, the setting of the discharge port 321 allows the pre-separated particulate matter to be discharged automatically or semi-automatically by gravity. This upgrades the pre-separation unit 3 from a temporary container that can only "separate and collect" into a processing system that can "separate-collect and discharge" and operate continuously or semi-continuously, greatly simplifying the dust removal operation and ensuring the continuous effectiveness of the pre-separation function.

[0042] Implementation Method 2 The present invention also provides a dust removal system for an open-pit coal mine crushing plant, comprising: a coal mine crushing plant and a dust removal device for the open-pit coal mine crushing plant according to the above embodiment; the hood 12 of the dust removal device for the open-pit coal mine crushing plant is located above the coal mine crushing plant and is used to collect the dust generated by the coal mine crushing plant. The specific structure, working principle and beneficial effects of the dust removal device for the open-pit coal mine crushing plant are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station, characterized in that, The dust removal device of the open-pit coal mine crushing station includes: a gas collection hood shell (1), a negative pressure suction unit and an adaptive flow guiding unit (2). The gas collection hood housing (1) has an internal space (11) and a hood opening (12), the internal space (11) being used to cover the dust source; the hood opening (12) is located at the lower end of the gas collection hood housing (1); The negative pressure suction unit is connected to the internal space (11) of the gas collection hood housing (1) and is used to suck up dust-laden airflow through the hood opening (12); The adaptive flow guiding unit (2) is disposed around the periphery of the hood (12) and is used to passively form a physical barrier on the windward side under the action of lateral wind force to block the interference of the lateral wind force on the airflow of the internal space (11).

2. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive flow guiding unit (2) includes a louvered frame (21) and multiple blades (22). The louvered frame (21) is located at the lower end of the hood (12). The louvered frame (21) has a dust inlet channel arranged vertically. The inlet of the dust inlet channel is located at the lower end of the louvered frame (21), and the outlet of the dust inlet channel is located at the upper end of the louvered frame (21) and communicates with the hood (12). The side wall of the louvered frame (21) has a plurality of ventilation openings (211) distributed along its circumference. The plurality of blades (22) are divided into a plurality of blade groups, each blade group including a plurality of blades (22), and one of the ventilation openings (211) is provided with one of the blade groups; the blades (22) are used to switch between an open position and a closed position; wherein, Under the action of the lateral wind, the blade (22) inside the ventilation opening (211) on the windward side moves to the closed position to close the ventilation opening (211) and form the physical barrier; Without the lateral wind, the blade (22) moves to the open position under the action of gravity to expose the ventilation opening (211).

3. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each blade (22) of each blade group is arranged side by side in a top-to-bottom direction, and each blade (22) extends laterally.

4. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adaptive flow guiding unit (2) also includes multiple rotating shafts, and each blade (22) is rotatably connected to the louver frame (21) via a rotating shaft extending in a horizontal direction.

5. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adaptive flow guiding unit (2) also includes multiple elastic mechanisms corresponding to the rotating shaft. Each elastic mechanism is a torsion spring set on the corresponding rotating shaft. The torsion spring is used to apply a restoring force to the corresponding blade (22) when there is no lateral wind force, so as to help the blade (22) maintain the open position.

6. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adaptive flow guiding unit (2) also includes multiple counterweight mechanisms, and each blade (22) is provided with a counterweight mechanism, which is used to change the sensitivity of the blade (22) in response to lateral wind force.

7. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It also includes a pre-separation unit (3), which is disposed in the internal space (11) for pre-separating particles of a predetermined size in the dust-laden airflow before the dust-laden airflow is extracted from the internal space (11).

8. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pre-separation unit (3) includes a guide plate (31) and a dust collection mechanism (32); The guide plate (31) is disposed on the inner wall of the gas collecting hood housing (1) and extends spirally along the axial direction of the gas collecting hood housing (1) to guide the rising dust-laden airflow into a vortex airflow with vortex motion. The dust collection mechanism (32) is located below the guide plate (31) and is configured as an annular structure. The outer peripheral wall of the dust collection mechanism (32) is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the gas collection hood housing (1) and is used to collect the particles that are separated and fall under the centrifugal force of the vortex airflow.

9. The dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dust collection mechanism (32) has a discharge port (321) that extends vertically through both ends of the dust collection mechanism (32) to guide and discharge the collected particulate matter using gravity.

10. A dust removal system for an open-air crushing plant, characterized in that, include: A coal mine crushing station and a dust removal device for an open-pit coal mine crushing station as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The hood (12) of the dust removal device of the open-pit coal mine crushing station is located above the coal mine crushing station and is used to collect the dust generated by the coal mine crushing station.

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