Fireproof flame-retardant fiber reinforced composite material, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention provides a fireproof flame-retardant fiber reinforced composite material, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, the fireproof flame-retardant fiber reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation raw materials by weight: 60-70 parts of a fiber reinforced fabric; 27 to 32 parts of a resin matrix; 3-8 parts of a flame retardant; the flame retardant comprises a triazine triketone compound. The fireproof and flame-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material provided by the invention comprises the fiber-reinforced fabric, the resin matrix and the flame retardant, all the components are matched with one another, and particularly, the flame retardant of a specific type is introduced, so that the fiber-reinforced composite material has better fireproof and flame-retardant properties, and the fireproof and flame-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material is used for a photovoltaic module and has a good application prospect. And the photovoltaic module also has relatively good fireproof and flame-retardant properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic module technology, and relates to a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing use of photovoltaic modules in residential settings such as courtyards, awnings, balconies, and rooftops, their application is becoming more and more integrated into people's daily lives. Consequently, the demand for the safety performance of photovoltaic modules is also increasing, especially the requirements for fire resistance. It is hoped that their fire resistance performance can reach Class A, but currently, the fire resistance performance of conventional photovoltaic modules can only reach Class C.

[0003] Therefore, in this field, there is a desire to develop a photovoltaic module with good fire-retardant properties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, wherein the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, by weight, include the following components:

[0007] 60-70 parts of fiber-reinforced fabric;

[0008] 27-32 parts of resin matrix;

[0009] 3-8 parts flame retardant;

[0010] The flame retardant includes triazine trione compounds.

[0011] The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material provided by this invention includes fiber-reinforced fabric, resin matrix and flame retardant. The components work together, especially by introducing a specific type of flame retardant, which gives the fiber-reinforced composite material good fire-retardant properties. When used in photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic modules also have good fire-retardant properties.

[0012] In addition, the flame retardant used in this invention has good thermal stability, weather resistance, mechanical properties and processing characteristics, and does not produce hydrogen halide gas when burning, making it friendly to humans and the environment and posing no harm.

[0013] In this invention, the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material can be 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 parts by weight.

[0014] In this invention, the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material can be 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 31 parts, 32 parts, etc., by weight.

[0015] In this invention, the amount of flame retardant used in the preparation of the fireproof and flame-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material can be 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, 4.5 parts, 5 parts, 5.5 parts, 6 parts, 6.5 parts, 7 parts, 7.5 parts, 8 parts, etc., according to the weight of the raw materials.

[0016] Preferably, the triazine trione compound includes phosphenanthrene / triazine bis-oligomer (TGIC-ODOPB-DOPO, TOD) and / or 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-sulfide (DOPS).

[0017] Preferably, the flame retardant further includes triazine triamine compounds.

[0018] Preferably, the triazine triamine compound includes any one or a combination of at least two of melamine (MEL), melamine urate (MCA), and melamine polyphosphate (MPP).

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of the triazine trione compound to the triazine triamine compound is (2-3):1, for example, 2:1, 2.1:1, 2.2:1, 2.3:1, 2.4:1, 2.5:1, 2.6:1, 2.7:1, 2.8:1, 2.9:1, 3:1, etc.

[0020] Preferably, the fiber-reinforced fabric includes any one or a combination of at least two of glass fiber reinforced fabric, basalt fiber reinforced fabric, or carbon fiber reinforced fabric, with glass fiber reinforced fabric being the most preferred. Glass fiber is a non-combustible material, and its use in conjunction with a resin matrix and flame retardants can further improve the flame-retardant properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0021] Preferably, the weight of the fiber-reinforced fabric is 200–300 g / m². 2 For example, 200g / m 2 210g / m 2 220g / m 2 230g / m 2 240g / m 2 250g / m 2260g / m 2 270g / m 2 280g / m 2 290g / m 2 300g / m 2 The thickness is 0.2-0.3mm, such as 0.2mm, 0.22mm, 0.24mm, 0.26mm, 0.28mm, 0.3mm, etc.

[0022] Preferably, the resin matrix comprises epoxy resin and / or polyurethane.

[0023] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material also include an anti-dripping agent. The addition of the anti-dripping agent prevents the formation of molten drips in a flame, thus achieving Class A fire resistance for the photovoltaic module.

[0024] Preferably, the anti-dripping agent comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0025] Preferably, the amount of the anti-dripping agent added is 0.5% to 1% of the mass of the resin matrix, for example, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, etc.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) Mix the resin matrix, flame retardant, optional anti-dripping agent and solvent to obtain a mixture;

[0028] (2) The fiber-reinforced fabric is pre-impregnated in the mixture, then the excess mixture is squeezed out and dried to obtain the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0029] Preferably, the solvent in step (1) includes acetone and / or xylene.

[0030] Preferably, the solvent in step (1) includes acetone and xylene in a volume ratio of (1 to 3):1 (e.g., 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, etc.).

[0031] Preferably, the solid content of the mixture in step (1) is 15% to 25%, for example, 15%, 20%, 25%, etc.

[0032] Preferably, the drying in step (2) is carried out in an oven.

[0033] Preferably, the temperature zone control of the oven specifically includes: a first zone with a temperature of 80-100℃ (e.g., 80℃, 85℃, 90℃, 95℃, 100℃, etc.), a second zone with a temperature of 100-120℃ (e.g., 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, 115℃, 120℃, etc.), a third zone with a temperature of 120-140℃ (e.g., 120℃, 125℃, 130℃, 135℃, 140℃, etc.), and a fourth zone with a temperature of 90-110℃ (e.g., 90℃, 95℃, 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, etc.).

[0034] Preferably, step (2) specifically includes: defoaming the mixture and then transferring it to the impregnation tank; feeding the fiber-reinforced fabric through the traction roller, passing it through the impregnation tank, pre-impregnating it, and then squeezing it by roller-to-roll; adjusting and controlling the amount of adhesive applied to the fiber-reinforced fabric by adjusting the gap between the rollers; squeezing out excess mixture; then pulling the pre-impregnated fiber-reinforced fabric to the drying oven by the traction roller drive; after drying, applying a release film and winding it up to obtain the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0035] The oven temperature is controlled in zones: the first zone is 80-100℃, the second zone is 100-120℃, the third zone is 120-140℃, and the fourth zone is 90-110℃.

[0036] Thirdly, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module comprising the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in the first aspect.

[0037] Preferably, the photovoltaic module includes the following two structures:

[0038] The first structure, the photovoltaic module includes a front glass panel, a first encapsulating film, a battery cell, a second encapsulating film, a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, a third encapsulating film, and an encapsulation backplate stacked in sequence. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material includes the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in the first aspect, wherein the fiber-reinforced fabric is a glass fiber-reinforced fabric or a basalt fiber-reinforced fabric.

[0039] The second structure, wherein the photovoltaic module includes a front glass panel, a first encapsulating film, a battery cell, a second encapsulating film, an encapsulating backplate, a third encapsulating film, and a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material stacked in sequence, wherein the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material includes the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in the first aspect, wherein the fiber-reinforced fabric is a carbon fiber-reinforced fabric.

[0040] Preferably, the thickness of the front glass in the first structure and the second structure is independently 3.2 to 5 mm, for example 3.2 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.8 mm, 4 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.8 mm, 5 mm, etc.

[0041] Preferably, the thickness of the first encapsulating film, the second encapsulating film, and the third encapsulating film in the first structure and the second structure are each independently 0.45 to 0.7 mm, for example, 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.7 mm, etc.

[0042] Preferably, the thickness of the encapsulation backplane in the first structure and the second structure is independently 0.25 to 0.35 mm, for example 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, etc.

[0043] Preferably, the packaging backplate in both the first and second structures includes an aluminum backplate.

[0044] Preferably, a busbar is provided on the aluminum back plate, and the lead-out position of the busbar needs to be opened. Insulating tape needs to be applied to the opening for insulation treatment.

[0045] For the second structure mentioned above, the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material is used on the back side mainly because the fiber-reinforced fabric is carbon fiber reinforced fabric, and carbon fiber is conductive. By setting a layer of encapsulation backplate between the battery cell and the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, the electrical insulation properties of the encapsulation backplate (aluminum backplate) can be utilized.

[0046] It should be noted that the present invention does not impose specific limitations on the preparation method of the photovoltaic module, which can be prepared using conventional preparation methods in the art.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material provided by this invention includes fiber-reinforced fabric, resin matrix and flame retardant. The components work together, especially by introducing a specific type of flame retardant, which gives the fiber-reinforced composite material good fire-retardant properties. When used in photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic modules also have good fire-retardant properties. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in Application Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in Application Example 9 of the present invention;

[0051] Among them, 1-front panel glass, 2-first encapsulation film, 3-battery cell, 4-second encapsulation film, 5-fire retardant fiber reinforced composite material, 6-third encapsulation film, and 7-encapsulation back panel. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the following information pertains to some of the raw materials used in the following embodiments and comparative examples of this invention:

[0054] Melamine urate (MCA): Purchased from Zhejiang Xusen Flame Retardant Co., Ltd., brand name XS-MC-10;

[0055] Melamine polyphosphate (MPP): Purchased from Zhejiang Xusen Flame Retardant Co., Ltd., brand name XS-MPP.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, the raw materials for which the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material is prepared include the following components in parts by weight:

[0058]

[0059] The fiber-reinforced fabric is a glass fiber-reinforced fabric with a basis weight of 260 g / m². 2 The thickness is 0.3mm, and the grade is EWT260; the resin matrix is ​​epoxy resin, model GE21B; the flame retardant is phosphenanthrene / triazine bis-molecular oligomer (TOD) and melamine urate (MCA) in a mass ratio of 2:1; the anti-dripping agent is PTFE, grade TPD-470.

[0060] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) Mix the resin matrix, flame retardant, anti-dripping agent and solvent (acetone and xylene in a volume ratio of 2:1) to obtain a mixture (solid content of 20%).

[0062] (2) Defoam the mixture and then transfer it to the impregnation tank. Feed the fiber-reinforced fabric through the traction roller, pass it through the impregnation tank, pre-impregnate it, and then squeeze it by roller to roller. Adjust and control the amount of glue applied to the fiber-reinforced fabric by adjusting the gap between the rollers, squeeze out the excess mixture, and then pull the pre-impregnated fiber-reinforced fabric to the drying oven by the traction roller. After drying, apply the release film and roll it up to obtain the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0063] The oven has zoned temperature control: the first zone is 90℃, the second zone is 110℃, the third zone is 130℃, and the fourth zone is 100℃.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment provides a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, the raw materials for which the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material is prepared include the following components in parts by weight:

[0066]

[0067] The fiber-reinforced fabric is a glass fiber-reinforced fabric with a basis weight of 260 g / m². 2 The thickness is 0.3mm, and the grade is EWT260; the resin matrix is ​​epoxy resin, model GE21B; the flame retardant is 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-sulfide (DOPS) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP), with a mass ratio of 2:1; the anti-dripping agent is PTFE, grade TPD-470.

[0068] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] This embodiment provides a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, the raw materials for which the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material is prepared include the following components in parts by weight:

[0071]

[0072] The fiber-reinforced fabric is a glass fiber-reinforced fabric with a basis weight of 260 g / m². 2 The thickness is 0.3mm, and the grade is EWT260; the resin matrix is ​​epoxy resin, model GE21B; the flame retardant is phosphenanthrene / triazine bis-molecular oligomer (TOD) and melamine urate (MCA) in a mass ratio of 2:1; the anti-dripping agent is PTFE, grade TPD-470.

[0073] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the flame retardant is phosphaphenanthrene / triazine bis-oligomeric oligomer (TOD) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-sulfide (DOPS), with a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the flame retardant is a phosphaphenanthrene / triazine bis-oligomeric oligomer (TOD).

[0078] Example 6

[0079] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the resin matrix is ​​polyurethane, with the brand name Lubrizol Pellethane 5863-85A-R1.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that no anti-dripping agent is added to the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0082] Example 8

[0083] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the fiber-reinforced fabric is a basalt fiber-reinforced fabric with a basis weight of 260 g / m². 2 The thickness is 0.3mm.

[0084] Example 9

[0085] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the fiber-reinforced fabric is a carbon fiber-reinforced fabric with a basis weight of 260 g / m². 2 The thickness is 0.3mm.

[0086] Example 10

[0087] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of phosphenanthrene / triazine bis-oligomer (TOD) to melamine urate (MCA) is 1:1.

[0088] Example 11

[0089] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of phosphenanthrene / triazine bis-oligomer (TOD) to melamine urate (MCA) is 4:1.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the flame retardant is melamine urate (MCA).

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the flame retardant phosphaphenanthrene / triazine bis-oligomeric oligomer (TOD) is replaced with an equal weight of trioctyl phosphate (TOP), purchased from Guolan New Materials (Shandong) Co., Ltd.

[0094] The performance of the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite materials provided in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention was tested using the following methods:

[0095] Flame retardancy performance: The test is conducted in accordance with the UL94 testing standard. The sample is burned vertically, and the afterflame time and whether the dripping material ignites cotton are observed after 10 seconds of flame application to distinguish the flame retardancy level of the material. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) is also tested.

[0096] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0097] Table 1

[0098] UL-94 flame retardant rating Limiting oxygen index (%) Example 1 V-0 35.3 Example 2 V-0 33.8 Example 3 V-0 40.3 Example 4 V-0 32.7 Example 5 V-0 31.0 Example 6 V-0 31.4 Example 7 V-0 29.5 Example 8 V-0 37.3 Example 9 V-0 36.3 Example 10 V-0 31.1 Example 11 V-1 30.4 Comparative Example 1 V-1 23.35 Comparative Example 2 V-2 16.78

[0099] As can be seen from Table 1, the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention all have good flame retardancy.

[0100] Compared with Example 1, the flame retardancy of the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite materials provided in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was significantly reduced.

[0101] Application Example 1

[0102] This application example provides a photovoltaic module, the structural schematic of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes a front glass panel 1, a first encapsulating film 2, a battery cell 3, a second encapsulating film 4, a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material 5 (provided in Example 1), a third encapsulating film 6, and an encapsulation backplate (aluminum backplate) 7, which are stacked in sequence.

[0103] The materials and thicknesses of each layer are as follows:

[0104] Front glass 1 is made of ultra-clear float glass with a light transmittance of >91% and a thickness of 4mm;

[0105] The first encapsulating film 2 is made of POE material and has a thickness of 0.5mm;

[0106] Solar cell 3 uses XBC solar cells with a thickness of 130um;

[0107] The solar cells are made of 1 / 2 slices, and 12 1 / 2 solar cells are connected in series, specifically in a series-parallel design of 2 series and 3 parallel, with a power range of 200W.

[0108] The second encapsulating film 4 is made of POE film material with a thickness of 0.55mm;

[0109] Fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material 5, provided in Example 1, has a thickness of 0.5 mm;

[0110] The third encapsulation film 6 is made of POE film material with a thickness of 0.5mm;

[0111] The backplate 7 is an aluminum composite backplate with a thickness of 0.35mm.

[0112] The preparation method includes the following steps: stacking the above layers in sequence and laminating them to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0113] Application Examples 2-8, Application Examples 10-11, Comparative Application Example 1-2

[0114] The only difference from Application Example 1 is that the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material provided in Example 1 is replaced with the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite materials provided in Examples 2-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively.

[0115] Application Example 9

[0116] This application example provides a photovoltaic module, the structural schematic of which is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes a front glass panel 1, a first encapsulating film 2, a battery cell 3, a second encapsulating film 4, an encapsulating backplate (aluminum backplate) 7, a third encapsulating film 6, and a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material 5 (provided in Example 9) stacked in sequence.

[0117] Except for the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, the materials and thicknesses of the other layers are the same as in Application Example 1, and the preparation method is the same as in Application Example 1.

[0118] The photovoltaic modules provided in the application examples and comparative application examples of this invention were subjected to performance tests, and the test methods are as follows:

[0119] Fire resistance test: Tested in accordance with UL62730 testing standard.

[0120] The performance test results are shown in Table 2.

[0121] Table 2

[0122] Fire rating Application Example 1 A Application Example 2 A Application Example 3 A Application Example 4 A Application Example 5 A Application Example 6 A Application Example 7 B Application Example 8 A Application Example 9 A Application Example 10 A Application Example 11 B Comparative Application Example 1 C Comparative Application Example 2 C

[0123] As can be seen from Table 2, the photovoltaic modules prepared using the fire-retardant and flame-retardant fiber-reinforced composite materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention all have good fire resistance.

[0124] Compared with Application Example 1, the fire resistance of the photovoltaic modules provided in Comparative Application Example 1 and Comparative Application Example 2 is significantly reduced.

[0125] The applicant declares that this invention illustrates the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, its preparation method, and photovoltaic modules through the above embodiments. However, this invention is not limited to the above embodiments, meaning that this invention does not necessarily rely on the above embodiments for implementation. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials used, additions of auxiliary components, and selection of specific methods all fall within the protection and disclosure scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material include the following components by weight: 60-70 parts of fiber-reinforced fabric; 27-32 parts of resin matrix; 3-8 parts flame retardant; The flame retardant includes triazine trione compounds.

2. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triazine trione compounds include phosphenanthrene / triazine bimolecular oligomers and / or 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-sulfides.

3. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The flame retardant also includes triazine triamine compounds; Preferably, the triazine triamine compound includes any one or a combination of at least two of melamine, melamine urate, and melamine polyphosphate.

4. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the triazine triones to the triazine triamines is (2-3):

1.

5. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The fiber-reinforced fabric includes any one or a combination of at least two of glass fiber reinforced fabric, basalt fiber reinforced fabric or carbon fiber reinforced fabric, preferably glass fiber reinforced fabric; Preferably, the weight of the fiber-reinforced fabric is 200–300 g / m². 2 The thickness is 0.2–0.3 mm; Preferably, the resin matrix comprises epoxy resin and / or polyurethane.

6. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material also include an anti-dripping agent; Preferably, the anti-dripping agent comprises polytetrafluoroethylene; Preferably, the amount of the anti-dripping agent added is 0.5% to 1% of the mass of the resin matrix.

7. A method for preparing a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Mix the resin matrix, flame retardant, optional anti-dripping agent and solvent to obtain a mixture; (2) The fiber-reinforced fabric is pre-impregnated in the mixture, then the excess mixture is squeezed out and dried to obtain the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solvent in step (1) includes acetone and / or xylene; Preferably, the solvent in step (1) comprises acetone and xylene in a volume ratio of (1-3):1; Preferably, the solid content of the mixture in step (1) is 15% to 25%; Preferably, the drying in step (2) is carried out in an oven; Preferably, the temperature zone control of the oven specifically includes: the temperature of the first zone is 80-100℃, the temperature of the second zone is 100-120℃, the temperature of the third zone is 120-140℃, and the temperature of the fourth zone is 90-110℃.

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module comprises a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a front glass panel, a first encapsulating film, a battery cell, a second encapsulating film, a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material, a third encapsulating film, and an encapsulation backplate, which are stacked in sequence. The fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material includes the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the fiber-reinforced fabric is a glass fiber-reinforced fabric or a basalt fiber-reinforced fabric. Alternatively, the photovoltaic module includes a front glass panel, a first encapsulating film, a battery cell, a second encapsulating film, an encapsulating backplate, a third encapsulating film, and a fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material stacked sequentially, wherein the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material includes the fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composite material as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the fiber-reinforced fabric is a carbon fiber-reinforced fabric. Preferably, the thickness of the front glass panel is 3.2–5 mm; Preferably, the thickness of the first encapsulating film, the second encapsulating film, and the third encapsulating film is each independently 0.45 to 0.7 mm; Preferably, the thickness of the encapsulation backplate is 0.25–0.35 mm; Preferably, the encapsulation backplate comprises an aluminum backplate.

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