Electric transmission line disc-shaped suspension insulator steep wave impulse voltage test system

Abstract

The invention relates to a special impulse voltage test system and method for steep waves of a disc-shaped suspension insulator of a power transmission line and a storage medium. The special impulse voltage test system comprises a pulse generation module, a measurement module, an electrode module, a control module, a safety interlocking module and an energy management module. The pulse generation module adopts a multi-stage Marx topological structure, and steep wave impulse voltage is generated through asymmetric voltage-multiplying charging and optical fiber trigger control; the measurement module realizes accurate reduction of high-voltage waveforms based on a resistance-capacitance hybrid voltage divider and a frequency response compensation algorithm; the electrode module realizes gapless electric field application through a high-voltage electrode and a net-shaped grounding electrode which are matched in curvature; the control module takes a PLC as a core to coordinate charging regulation and control, waveform selection and safety interlocking; and the safety interlocking module executes emergency shutdown through entrance guard monitoring and grounding state feedback. During operation, charging parameters are set, the Marx generator is triggered, and an insulation performance evaluation report is generated after voltage division signals are collected. The system solves the technical blank of testing the impact breakdown performance of the insulator in the air.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system testing technology, specifically to a steep wave impulse voltage test system, method, and storage medium for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] The performance testing of disc suspension insulators for transmission lines has long relied on mechanical tensile tests and constant-temperature boiling tests. These methods can only assess the electromechanical performance of insulators under normal conditions and cannot reproduce the air impulse breakdown characteristics under lightning strikes or switching overvoltage conditions. Existing impulse voltage generators generally adopt a single-stage capacitor discharge structure, whose wavefront time is limited by circuit parasitic parameters, making it difficult to generate steep waves within 1μs. Furthermore, the output impedance is mismatched with the equivalent capacitance of the insulator, resulting in severe distortion of the measured waveform. Traditional voltage dividers are mostly pure resistive or capacitive structures with a high-frequency response bandwidth of less than 10MHz, unable to capture the microsecond-level discharge development process under steep wave impulses. The electrode system uses a plate or rod structure, which generates air gap discharge when in contact with the insulator cup, interfering with the judgment of the actual breakdown path. More importantly, there is a lack of integrated safety control mechanisms. During the test, fluctuations in the grounding network potential can easily lead to backflashover accidents, and manual operation mode makes it difficult to accurately control the coordination of multiple parameters. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dedicated testing system to solve core problems such as steep wave generation, waveform measurement, electric field optimization, and safety control, filling the technical gap in the quantitative evaluation of insulator impulse breakdown performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a steep-wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines, comprising: a pulse generation module, which adopts a multi-stage Marx topology and generates steep-wave impulse voltage through asymmetric voltage multiplication charging; a measurement module, which includes a RC hybrid voltage divider and a high-speed data acquisition unit, and acquires voltage waveforms in real time based on the voltage divider conversion principle; an electrode module, which consists of a high-voltage electrode with a curvature radius matching the insulator cup head and a mesh grounding electrode, achieving gapless contact through physical adaptation; a control module, which is based on a programmable logic controller and coordinates system operation through charging circuit regulation and trigger signal management; and a safety interlock module, which integrates access control sensing and grounding monitoring circuits and executes protection actions based on electrical status feedback.

[0004] In one embodiment, the pulse generation module includes: a series-connected multi-stage unit, each stage consisting of a pulse capacitor, an ignition ball gap, a wavefront resistor, and a wave tail resistor; the pulse capacitor achieves graded energy storage and instantaneous release through an asymmetric voltage multiplier circuit controlled by a bidirectional thyristor.

[0005] In one embodiment, the measurement module operates as follows: a RC hybrid voltage divider attenuates the high-voltage signal proportionally; and a high-speed data acquisition unit restores the original waveform through a frequency response compensation algorithm.

[0006] In one embodiment, the electrode module includes: a high-voltage electrode that concentrates the electric field onto the insulator skirt through curved contact; and a mesh grounding electrode that eliminates partial discharge through a distributed current-conducting structure.

[0007] In one embodiment, the operating logic of the control module is as follows: the programmable logic controller generates a charging command according to preset parameters; after receiving the command, the fiber optic isolation triggering system precisely controls the ignition ball gap conduction timing.

[0008] In one embodiment, the linkage mechanism of the safety interlock module is as follows: the grounding monitoring circuit detects the impedance of the distributed grounding network in real time; when the impedance exceeds the standard or the access control is triggered, the emergency stop switch forcibly cuts off the charging circuit.

[0009] In one embodiment, it also includes an energy management module consisting of an oil-immersed charging transformer and a high-voltage silicon rectifier, which maintains voltage stability through constant current charging.

[0010] In one embodiment, the energy management module operates as follows: the charging transformer boosts the low-voltage AC power to a predetermined level; the high-voltage silicon rectifier converts the AC power into DC power and charges the pulse capacitor.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for impulse testing of disc suspension insulators for transmission lines, employing any of the steep wave impulse voltage test systems for disc suspension insulators for transmission lines, comprising: setting the charging voltage of the Marx generator and the ball gap distance through a control module; triggering a pulse generation module to generate a steep wave impulse voltage and apply it to an electrode module; and using a measurement module to acquire voltage divider signals and generate insulation performance evaluation data.

[0012] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for executing a method, the program comprising: a charging timing generation instruction for controlling a pulse generation module; a data processing instruction for parsing the output waveform of a measurement module; and a protection condition determination instruction for activating a safety interlock module.

[0013] Beneficial effects

[0014] This invention provides a steep-wave impulse voltage testing system, method, and storage medium for disc suspension insulators in transmission lines. By utilizing a cascaded discharge mechanism with multi-stage Marx generators and optimizing wavefront / tail resistance parameters, this invention overcomes the limitations of traditional RC circuits, achieving nanosecond-level steep-wave rising edge output to accurately simulate the transient overvoltage environment of transmission lines. The synergistic effect of a hybrid RC voltage divider and frequency response compensation algorithm effectively suppresses waveform oscillations caused by cable distributed capacitance, increasing the measurement bandwidth to over 30MHz and ensuring microsecond-level time resolution for partial discharge initiation points. The conformal curved design of the electrode module concentrates the electric field on the weak areas of the insulator skirts, and, in conjunction with distributed mesh grounding electrodes, eliminates edge discharge interference, significantly improving the defect detection rate. The intelligent closed-loop management of the control module achieves dynamic matching of charging voltage, ball gap distance, and environmental parameters, avoiding errors from manual adjustments. The safety interlocking system, through real-time monitoring of grounding status and direct hard-wired protection of access control, eliminates the risk of electric shock during high-voltage testing. The entire system adopts a modular architecture, supports full waveform output such as lightning waves, operational waves, and steep waves, reduces the energy consumption of a single test to less than 20% of that of traditional methods, and avoids cumulative insulation damage caused by prolonged pressure application, providing high-confidence data support for insulator condition assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a steep wave impulse voltage test system module for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a step diagram of the steep wave impulse voltage test method for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an impulse voltage generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 The transformer wiring diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0022] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text implies three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0023] The performance testing of disc suspension insulators for transmission lines has long relied on mechanical tensile tests and constant-temperature boiling tests. These methods can only assess the electromechanical performance of insulators under normal conditions and cannot reproduce the air impulse breakdown characteristics under lightning strikes or switching overvoltage conditions. Existing impulse voltage generators generally adopt a single-stage capacitor discharge structure, whose wavefront time is limited by circuit parasitic parameters, making it difficult to generate steep waves within 1μs. Furthermore, the output impedance is mismatched with the equivalent capacitance of the insulator, resulting in severe distortion of the measured waveform. Traditional voltage dividers are mostly pure resistive or capacitive structures with a high-frequency response bandwidth of less than 10MHz, unable to capture the microsecond-level discharge development process under steep wave impulses. The electrode system uses a plate or rod structure, which generates air gap discharge when in contact with the insulator cup, interfering with the judgment of the actual breakdown path. More importantly, there is a lack of integrated safety control mechanisms. During the test, fluctuations in the grounding network potential can easily lead to backflashover accidents, and manual operation mode makes it difficult to accurately control the coordination of multiple parameters. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dedicated testing system to solve core problems such as steep wave generation, waveform measurement, electric field optimization, and safety control, filling the technical gap in the quantitative evaluation of insulator impulse breakdown performance.

[0024] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The purpose of this invention is to provide a steep-wave impulse voltage testing system, method, equipment, and storage medium for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines. The system includes: a pulse generation module employing a multi-stage Marx topology to generate steep-wave impulse voltage through asymmetric voltage multiplication charging; a measurement module comprising a RC hybrid voltage divider and a high-speed data acquisition unit, which acquires voltage waveforms in real time based on the voltage divider conversion principle; an electrode module consisting of a high-voltage electrode with a curvature radius matching the insulator head and a mesh grounding electrode, achieving gapless contact through physical adaptation; a control module based on a programmable logic controller (PLC), coordinating system operation through charging circuit regulation and trigger signal management; and a safety interlock module integrating access control sensing and grounding monitoring circuits, executing protective actions based on electrical status feedback.

[0025] The core of this embodiment lies in achieving precise generation, measurement, and control of steep-wave impulse voltage through a modular architecture. The system is composed of a pulse generation module, a measurement module, an electrode module, a control module, a safety interlock module, and an energy management module, which operate according to the following logic:

[0026] This module employs a multi-stage Marx generator structure as the high-voltage pulse source. Its physical basis is a series-connected insulated support tower frame, with each stage containing a metal-cased pulse capacitor, an ignition ball gap, a wavefront resistor, and a wavetail resistor. The energy storage stage is achieved through an asymmetric voltage multiplier charging circuit: an oil-immersed charging transformer boosts the power frequency voltage to a predetermined level, converts it to DC by a high-voltage silicon rectifier, and then charges each stage of the pulse capacitors using a constant-current charging device. The charging process is precisely controlled by bidirectional thyristors to ensure uniform energy storage within the capacitor bank.

[0027] When the trigger signal arrives, the fiber optic isolated triggering system drives the first-stage ignition gap to break down, generating a chain reaction with a nanosecond delay. Each stage of the gap sequentially conducts, causing the capacitors to discharge in series. The wavefront resistor and the wavetail resistor work together to shape the impulse waveform. The wavefront resistor controls the wavefront time by limiting the initial current rise rate, while the wavetail resistor adjusts the half-peak time. The combination of these parameters can achieve various waveform outputs, including standard lightning waves, switching waves, and steep waves. During the discharge process, the instantaneous series connection of the energy storage capacitors multiplies the output voltage, forming a high-voltage pulse that meets the requirements of insulator breakdown testing.

[0028] In some embodiments, the pulse generation module employs a 12-stage series Marx generator structure. Each stage is supported by insulated pillars to form a 15-meter tower frame. Each stage is equipped with a 0.1μF oil-immersed pulse capacitor and a 100mm diameter brass ignition ball gap. Its core technology lies in the asymmetric voltage multiplication charging mechanism: a 300kVA oil-immersed transformer boosts 380V AC to 1140kV via a bidirectional thyristor voltage regulation circuit. This DC is then converted to DC by a rectifier bridge composed of eight 2DL100kV silicon stacks. After smoothing through a π-type filter network, the capacitors at each stage are charged in a time-sharing manner. The PLC controls the bidirectional thyristors to conduct sequentially from stage 1 to 12, with a 50ms interval between each stage, reducing the traditional 20-second charging time to 8 seconds. The triggering system adopts Nd:YAG laser triggering technology. A 5ns pulse width laser irradiates the primary spherical gap to induce a chain breakdown. With optimized wavefront / tail resistance parameters (wavefront resistance 10-100Ω, tail resistance 1-10kΩ), it can generate various standard waveforms such as steep waves with a wavefront time of 0.5μs and lightning waves with a wavefront time of 1.2 / 50μs. The output voltage range is 0-300kV, and the stability is ≤±1%.

[0029] The measurement module is based on a hybrid RC voltage divider with a coaxial tube structure. The high-voltage arm consists of a 100kΩ non-inductive resistor and a 100pF ceramic capacitor connected in parallel, while the low-voltage arm is a 0.1μF film capacitor. The voltage division ratio is 10000:1, and the rated voltage is 300kV. A 15-meter double-shielded coaxial cable transmits the signal, and a triple coaxial grounding technique suppresses noise to below 100μV. The high-speed data acquisition unit uses a 16-bit ADC (1GS / s sampling rate) and achieves waveform reconstruction through a frequency response compensation algorithm: a voltage divider amplitude-frequency / phase-frequency characteristic model is established during the pre-calibration stage; during real-time acquisition, the signal is subjected to FFT transformation, and amplitude correction and phase compensation are applied to each frequency component based on the transfer function. After IFFT reconstruction, the waveform distortion is ≤1%. LabVIEW data analysis software automatically extracts parameters such as wavefront time and peak voltage, and identifies the partial discharge initiation point through time-domain differentiation, achieving a time resolution of 10ns, which can accurately capture the microsecond-level discharge development process.

[0030] The high-voltage electrode is precision-machined from 316L stainless steel. Point cloud data of the insulator head is acquired via laser scanning, reconstructed using NURBS, and then milled by five-axis CNC. A 0.05mm silver layer is electroplated on the surface, and the radius of curvature matches the head by ≥99%. Four spring-loaded rods apply 200N of contact pressure to achieve conformal contact on the curved surface. The mesh grounding electrode is a 1.5-meter diameter disc woven from copper wire, with folded edges forming a Faraday cage. It is connected to the star grounding network via 16 radial copper strips, achieving a grounding resistance ≤0.5Ω. ANSYS simulation optimization shows that this electrode system achieves an electric field uniformity of ≥85% on the insulator skirt surface and an electric field distortion rate of ≤15% at hardware connections, effectively avoiding air gap discharge interference and concentrating the electric field in the weak areas of the insulator skirt, improving the defect detection rate by more than 30%.

[0031] The control module is based on a Siemens S7-1500 PLC and uses a PROFINET bus to build a three-layer control architecture: the equipment control layer uses a PI algorithm to dynamically adjust the charging current to a constant current of 100mA, and the ball gap distance is automatically compensated according to atmospheric pressure; the safety monitoring layer collects parameters such as grounding resistance and access control status in real time, and cuts off the power within 0.1 seconds when the grounding resistance exceeds the standard or the door is opened; the human-machine interface is developed based on LabVIEW for parameter setting and waveform analysis, and automatically loads the parameters recommended by the test procedure after the insulator model is input. The safety interlock module adopts triple protection: four-wire grounding monitoring (accuracy ±1%), dual access control sensing of door magnetic and infrared beam, and hard-wired direct connection to the emergency stop button (response time ≤10ms), which, together with the discharge resistor, discharges the capacitor voltage to below 50V within 30 seconds, fully ensuring test safety.

[0032] The energy management module converts electrical energy through a 300kVA oil-immersed transformer and a high-voltage silicon rectifier. The transformer uses a 0.23mm grain-oriented silicon steel core, and the high-voltage winding has a multi-layer cylindrical structure. The corrugated oil tank has a heat dissipation area of ​​20m². 2 The constant current charging control loop consists of a Hall current sensor, an OP07 operational amplifier, and an SG3525 PWM controller. A fuzzy PID algorithm (Kp=0.8, Ki=0.2, Kd=0.05) is used to adjust the IGBT drive voltage, stabilizing the charging current within ±1% of the set value. This module supports energy feedback technology, with a single test energy consumption of only 2.5kWh, 20% of traditional methods. Combined with biodegradable plant-based insulating oil, it achieves both energy saving and environmental protection goals.

[0033] Before the test, the insulators must be cleaned with anhydrous ethanol. The laboratory temperature should be controlled at 23±2℃ and the humidity at 50±5%. The grounding resistance should be ≤0.5Ω. During the test, the insulator model (e.g., XWP-70) should be input. The system will automatically load a 180kV test voltage and 0.5 / 50μs steep wave parameters. After 8 seconds of constant current charging, the laser will trigger the test, and 100μs waveform data will be recorded at a sampling rate of 1GS / s. The discharge initiation point (1.2μs / 150kV) will be detected by the dU / dt mutation. The wavefront time (0.52μs) and peak voltage (182.5kV) will be calculated, and a PDF report including waveform similarity (0.987) and insulation strength assessment will be generated. After the test, residual charge will be automatically discharged, the voltage divider resistor will be replaced, and the laser triggering energy will be calibrated to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

[0034] The measurement system employs a hybrid RC high-voltage divider as its sensing core. Its high-voltage arm consists of a precision non-inductive resistor and a low-loss ceramic capacitor connected in parallel, while the low-voltage arm uses a temperature-stable thin-film capacitor. When an impulse voltage is applied, the divider attenuates the kilovolt-level high voltage to a measurable range by the oscilloscope, based on the capacitive-impedance ratio. The divider output is transmitted to the high-speed data acquisition unit via a double-shielded coaxial cable, with the outer layer of the cable grounded to suppress electromagnetic interference.

[0035] The data acquisition unit includes a 16-bit resolution ADC and real-time signal conditioning circuitry. After the acquisition process begins, the ADC captures the original waveform of the voltage divider signal at an ultra-high sampling rate. The signal conditioning circuitry uses a frequency response compensation algorithm to eliminate the influence of parasitic parameters from the voltage divider and cable. This algorithm digitally corrects phase delay and amplitude attenuation based on a pre-stored transfer function, ensuring that the reconstructed waveform maintains time-domain consistency with the original high-voltage signal. Finally, the data is visualized via the LabVIEW platform to generate a voltage-time curve, automatically annotating key parameters such as wavefront time and peak value.

[0036] The high-voltage electrode is precision-machined from high-conductivity stainless steel, and its radius of curvature has been optimized through simulation to adapt to different models of insulator head structures. The electrode contact surface is mirror-polished to form a curved conformal contact with the insulator steel cap. This design concentrates the electric field on the surface of the insulator skirts, avoiding partial discharge interference at the hardware connections.

[0037] The grounding system consists of copper mesh electrodes and a distributed grounding network. The mesh electrodes are woven to form a continuous conductive surface, completely covering the iron feet of the insulators during installation. Their mesh size design ensures a uniform potential distribution even under nanosecond-level steep waves. The distributed grounding network uses a star topology, with all equipment grounding wires converging at a single-point copper busbar, and then connected to the main grounding electrode via low-impedance cables. This structure effectively suppresses ground potential rise, reducing grounding noise in the measurement loop to the microvolt level.

[0038] The control module uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) as the decision-making center and achieves intelligent management through a three-layer architecture. Equipment control layer: The PLC directly controls actuators such as the charging contactor and the ball gap adjustment motor. After the charging start command is triggered, the PLC dynamically adjusts the constant current source output through a PI algorithm to stabilize the capacitor voltage to a preset value; the ball gap distance is automatically compensated based on data from the atmospheric pressure sensor.

[0039] Safety monitoring layer: Real-time acquisition of parameters such as grounding resistance, access control status, and transformer oil temperature. When the grounding network impedance exceeds the standard or the laboratory door is opened abnormally, the PLC immediately cuts off the charging circuit and activates an audible and visual alarm.

[0040] Human-Computer Interaction Layer: The software platform, developed based on LabVIEW, provides a parameter preset interface and waveform analysis tools. After the user selects the insulator type, the system automatically loads the voltage level and waveform parameters recommended in the corresponding test procedure and generates a test report including time-frequency domain characteristics.

[0041] This embodiment also includes: an active protection unit: an access control photoelectric sensor continuously monitors the status of the laboratory entrance. If personnel accidentally enter, a shutdown procedure is immediately triggered, and the charging transformer input power is forcibly disconnected via a magnetic latching relay.

[0042] Passive protection unit: The grounding status monitoring circuit detects the distributed network resistance value in real time. When the grounding resistance exceeds the safety threshold, the PLC automatically connects to the backup grounding electrode and blocks the high-voltage output.

[0043] Emergency protection unit: The emergency stop button adopts a hard-wire direct connection design. After being triggered, it directly shorts the trigger terminal of the ignition ball gap, causing the Marx generator to be forcibly bypassed and discharged at each stage.

[0044] The energy management module achieves efficient power conversion through an oil-immersed charging transformer. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to a bidirectional thyristor voltage regulator circuit, while the secondary high-voltage winding outputs pulsating DC through a silicon stack rectifier bridge. The constant current control loop consists of a Hall current sensor, an error amplifier, and an IGBT driver: the sensor collects the charging current in real time, the error amplifier compares it with a preset value to generate a PWM signal, and drives the IGBT to adjust the primary voltage of the transformer. This design ensures that the capacitor maintains a constant current slope during charging, avoiding insulation aging caused by overshoot.

[0045] Clean the insulator surface and electrode contact surfaces with anhydrous ethanol to eliminate electric field distortion caused by suspended particles. Turn on the environmental control system to stabilize the laboratory temperature and humidity under standard atmospheric conditions. Start the grounding network self-test program to verify that the resistance values ​​of each node meet safety specifications. Input the insulator model in the LabVIEW interface, and the system will automatically match the test voltage and waveform type. When manually fine-tuning the wavefront time parameter, the control software will display the theoretical calculated value of the wavefront resistance of the Marx generator in real time. Set the gradient voltage boosting strategy (such as step test starting from 50% of the rated voltage). After clicking "Start Test", the PLC will execute the following in sequence: disconnect the safety grounding → close the charging circuit → start constant current charging. After charging reaches the preset value, the fiber optic trigger system will emit a nanosecond laser pulse to conduct the first-stage spherical gap. The high-speed camera will synchronously record the discharge development process on the insulator surface. The system will automatically extract the voltage waveform parameters (wavefront time T1, half-peak time T2), identify the partial discharge initiation point based on the time-domain differential algorithm, compare the correlation coefficient between the waveform under test and the standard waveform, and generate an insulation status assessment matrix.

[0046] This test system adopts a modular integrated design, consisting of six major modules: pulse generation, measurement, electrodes, control, safety interlocking, and energy management. Through an innovative combination of a multi-level Marx topology and RC hybrid voltage divider technology, it achieves precise generation and measurement of nanosecond-level steep-wave impulse voltages. The system's physical architecture features a vertical, layered layout. The bottom layer houses a distributed grounding network and safety protection units; the middle layer contains curved conformal electrodes and insulator test stations; and the upper layer houses the pulse generation device and high-frequency measurement system. The control and energy management modules are deployed in independent cabinets outside the test area, with signal interaction achieved via fiber optic cables and shielded cables. This layout not only meets the safety distance requirements for high-voltage testing but also improves the ease of system maintenance through modular design. Its core innovation lies in breaking through the limitations of traditional RC circuits, achieving a steep-wave rise slope ≥100kV / ns, and increasing the measurement bandwidth to over 30MHz, accurately reproducing the transient environment of lightning strikes or operational overvoltages on transmission lines.

[0047] refer to Figure 2 Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for testing the impulse voltage of a disc suspension insulator for transmission lines, employing any one of the steep wave impulse voltage testing systems for disc suspension insulators for transmission lines, comprising:

[0048] S110. Set the Marx generator charging voltage and ball gap distance via the control module;

[0049] S120, The trigger pulse generation module generates a steep wave impulse voltage and applies it to the electrode module;

[0050] S130. Use the measurement module to collect voltage divider signals and generate insulation performance evaluation data.

[0051] Furthermore, the steep-wave impulse voltage test system described above is used, including the following extended steps:

[0052] The waveform matching mechanism automatically calls the pre-stored parameter library according to the insulator model, dynamically matching the Marx generator charging voltage level, wavefront / wavetail resistance combination and ball gap distance parameters, supporting standard lightning wave, oscillating operation wave and custom steep wave output;

[0053] Environmental adaptive adjustment: Environmental parameters are collected in real time by temperature and humidity sensors, and the spherical gap breakdown voltage threshold is automatically compensated based on a gas discharge correction model to ensure that the output voltage accuracy deviation is ≤±3% under different atmospheric conditions. Gradient voltage boosting strategy: 50% of the rated impulse voltage is applied for the first time, and after three consecutive tests without breakdown, the next stage is entered; each stage increases the voltage by 10% of the rated voltage until the target voltage is reached or flashover occurs; Composite waveform test: In a single test, a full-wave lightning surge (wavefront time 1.2μs) and a steep wave (wavefront time ≤0.5μs) are continuously output to compare the discharge characteristics of the same insulator under different transient overvoltages.

[0054] The method also includes deep extraction of discharge characteristics, including joint time-frequency domain analysis, performing first-order differentiation on the original waveform acquired by the measurement module to locate the initiation time of partial discharge (Δt≤0.1μs); extracting the energy distribution in the 1-30MHz frequency band through FFT transformation to identify the characteristic resonance peak caused by the insulator core rod crack; inverting the electric field distribution near the high-voltage electrode based on the finite element algorithm, and quantifying the maximum field strength gradient value between the sheds (unit: kV / mm). Trigger condition interlocking ensures that the Marx generator charging command is enabled only when the grounding network resistance is <0.1Ω and the access control is closed for more than 5 seconds; after emergency shutdown triggering, the capacitor bank discharge circuit is automatically executed, and the residual voltage drops to a safe range (<50V) within 10 seconds; the charging current, voltage divider output, and environmental parameters are recorded 200ms before the test interruption, and a fault tree analysis report is generated.

[0055] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for executing a method, the program comprising: a charging timing generation instruction for controlling a pulse generation module; a data processing instruction for parsing the output waveform of a measurement module; and a protection condition determination instruction for activating a safety interlock module.

[0056] In one embodiment, the computer program includes an instruction module for driving computer-aided design software to generate a three-dimensional model of the device, and a calculation module for calling an electric field simulation algorithm to analyze the electric field distribution of the device. A data interaction interface is established between the instruction module and the calculation module.

[0057] Storage medium – any type of memory device or storage apparatus. The term “storage medium” is intended to include: mounting media, such as CD-ROMs, floppy disks, or magnetic tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory, such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, magnetic media (e.g., hard disks or optical storage); registers or other similar types of memory elements, etc. Storage media may also include other types of memory or combinations thereof. Furthermore, storage media may reside in a first computer system in which a program is executed, or may reside in a different second computer system connected to the first computer system via a network (such as the Internet). The second computer system can provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term “storage medium” can include two or more storage media residing in different locations (e.g., in different computer systems connected via a network). Storage media may store program instructions (e.g., specifically implemented as a computer program) executable by one or more processors.

[0058] Of course, the computer-executable instructions provided in the embodiments of this application are not limited to the above-mentioned method for testing steep wave impulse voltage of disc suspension insulators for transmission lines, but can also perform related operations in the method for testing steep wave impulse voltage of disc suspension insulators for transmission lines provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0059] This invention provides a steep-wave impulse voltage testing system, method, and storage medium for disc suspension insulators in transmission lines. By utilizing a cascaded discharge mechanism with multi-stage Marx generators and optimizing wavefront / tail resistance parameters, this invention overcomes the limitations of traditional RC circuits, achieving nanosecond-level steep-wave rising edge output to accurately simulate the transient overvoltage environment of transmission lines. The synergistic effect of a hybrid RC voltage divider and frequency response compensation algorithm effectively suppresses waveform oscillations caused by cable distributed capacitance, increasing the measurement bandwidth to over 30MHz and ensuring microsecond-level time resolution for partial discharge initiation points. The conformal curved design of the electrode module concentrates the electric field on the weak areas of the insulator skirts, and, in conjunction with distributed mesh grounding electrodes, eliminates edge discharge interference, significantly improving the defect detection rate. The intelligent closed-loop management of the control module achieves dynamic matching of charging voltage, ball gap distance, and environmental parameters, avoiding errors from manual adjustments. The safety interlocking system, through real-time monitoring of grounding status and direct hard-wired protection of access control, eliminates the risk of electric shock during high-voltage testing. The entire system adopts a modular architecture, supports full waveform output such as lightning waves, operational waves, and steep waves, reduces the energy consumption of a single test to less than 20% of that of traditional methods, and avoids cumulative insulation damage caused by prolonged pressure application, providing high-confidence data support for insulator condition assessment.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines, characterized in that, include: The pulse generation module adopts a multi-stage Marx topology and generates steep-wave impulse voltage through asymmetric voltage doubling charging. The measurement module includes a RC hybrid voltage divider and a high-speed data acquisition unit, which acquires voltage waveforms in real time based on the voltage divider conversion principle; The electrode module consists of a high-voltage electrode with a curvature radius matching that of the insulator cup head and a mesh grounding electrode, achieving gapless contact through physical adaptation. The control module, based on a programmable logic controller, coordinates system operation through charging circuit regulation and trigger signal management. The safety interlock module integrates access control sensors and grounding monitoring circuits, and executes protective actions based on electrical status feedback.

2. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse generation module includes: The series-connected multi-stage unit, each stage of which consists of a pulse capacitor, an ignition ball gap, a wavefront resistor, and a wave tail resistor; The pulse capacitor achieves graded energy storage and instantaneous release through an asymmetric voltage multiplier circuit controlled by a bidirectional thyristor.

3. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement module operates as follows: The RC hybrid voltage divider attenuates the high-voltage signal proportionally; the high-speed data acquisition unit restores the original waveform through a frequency response compensation algorithm.

4. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode module includes: The high-voltage electrode concentrates the electric field onto the insulator skirt through curved contact; the mesh grounding electrode eliminates partial discharge through a distributed current-conducting structure.

5. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating logic of the control module is as follows: The programmable logic controller generates charging instructions based on preset parameters; After receiving the command, the fiber optic isolation triggering system precisely controls the ignition ball gap conduction timing.

6. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism of the safety interlock module is as follows: The grounding monitoring circuit detects the impedance of the distributed grounding network in real time. When the impedance exceeds the limit or the access control is triggered, the emergency stop switch forcibly cuts off the charging circuit.

7. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The energy management module consists of an oil-immersed charging transformer and a high-voltage silicon rectifier, which maintains voltage stability through constant current charging.

8. The steep wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines according to claim 7, characterized in that, The working process of the energy management module is as follows: The charging transformer boosts the low-voltage AC power to a predetermined level; The high-voltage silicon rectifier converts alternating current to direct current and charges the pulse capacitor.

9. A method for testing the impulse voltage of a disc suspension insulator for transmission lines, employing the steep-wave impulse voltage test system for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The charging voltage and ball gap distance of the Marx generator are set through the control module; The trigger pulse generation module generates a steep-wave impulse voltage and applies it to the electrode module; The measurement module is used to collect voltage divider signals and generate insulation performance evaluation data.

10. A computer-readable storage medium applied to the impact test method for disc suspension insulators of transmission lines as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The program includes: a charging timing generation instruction for the control pulse generation module; a data processing instruction for analyzing the output waveform of the measurement module; and a protection condition determination instruction for activating the safety interlock module.

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