Serial port communication module based on LoRa

Abstract

The invention provides a serial port communication module based on LoRa. The serial port communication module comprises a LoRa core module, a super capacitor, a communication conversion chip, a DCDC step-down chip, an LED indicating lamp, an RS485 interface, a power interface and an IPEX interface. The LoRa core module is connected with the communication conversion chip which is connected with the RS485 interface. The input end of the DCDC step-down chip is connected with the power interface, and the output end supplies power to each module. And the super capacitor is connected in parallel to the DCDC output end to balance power consumption and realize power-off continuous transmission. The IPEX interface is connected with the LoRa module and is used for being externally connected with an antenna, and the LED indicating lamp displays the state and gives an alarm. The power input end is provided with an anti-reverse-connection diode, a TVS tube and a capacitor for electrostatic protection, and the IPEX interface is also provided with TVS protection. The size of a module shell is 32 * 32 * 100mm, 5-24V wide voltage input is supported, and the super capacitor can be maintained to operate for 10 minutes after power failure. According to the invention, power-off continuous transmission and power consumption balance can be realized, wide voltage input and multiple electrostatic protection design are combined, and the communication reliability and anti-interference capability in an industrial environment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a LoRa-based serial communication module. Background Technology

[0002] In today's communication technology field, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless communication technology plays a crucial role in data transmission between various devices. LoRa (Long Range), as a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) communication technology, is widely used in smart cities, smart agriculture, smart industry, and other fields due to its significant advantages such as long-distance transmission, low power consumption, and high capacity. However, existing LoRa communication modules still have some limitations in practical applications. For example, many LoRa modules are insufficient in terms of power stability; once the external power supply is interrupted, the module will cease to function, leading to data transmission interruption, which is unacceptable for some application scenarios with high data continuity requirements. Furthermore, some LoRa modules lack effective electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection measures for their power interfaces, making them susceptible to damage from ESD interference, reducing the module's reliability and lifespan. Regarding communication interfaces, the RS485 interface of some LoRa modules has limited communication rates, failing to meet the demands of high-speed data transmission, and may suffer from signal distortion during level conversion, affecting communication quality. Simultaneously, the antenna interface compatibility of existing modules is poor, limiting users' antenna selection and hindering flexible deployment. Regarding the indication of module operating status, the indicator lights of some modules have limited functionality and cannot clearly display the module's operating status and fault information to users, causing inconvenience.

[0003] In the process of implementing the embodiments of the present invention, the inventors discovered that the prior art has at least the following problems or defects: the existing LoRa communication modules are insufficient in terms of power stability, electrostatic protection, communication interface performance, antenna interface compatibility and operating status indication, which limits their application in a wider range of scenarios and cannot meet the growing demand for high-performance and high-reliability communication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a LoRa-based serial communication module, comprising: LoRa core module, supercapacitor, communication conversion chip, DC-DC step-down chip, LED indicator, RS485 interface, power interface and IPEX interface; The LoRa core module is connected to the communication conversion chip, and the communication conversion chip is connected to the RS485 interface; The input terminal of the DC-DC step-down chip is connected to the power interface, and the output terminal supplies power to the LoRa core module, the communication conversion chip, and the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the DC-DC step-down chip to balance transmission power consumption and enable power-off resume transmission. The IPEX interface is connected to the LoRa core module and is used to connect an external antenna; The LED indicator is connected to the LoRa core module and is used to display the operating status and alarm signals.

[0005] Furthermore, the LoRa core module uses the E77-900M22S chip, the communication conversion chip uses the HX3085S chip, and the DC-DC step-down chip uses the TPS54231DR chip.

[0006] Furthermore, the external housing dimensions of the module are 32mm × 32mm × 100mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the input voltage range of the DC-DC step-down chip is 5V to 24V, and the maximum output current is 2A; The positive input terminal of the power interface is connected in series with a reverse connection protection diode, and the input terminal is also equipped with a TVS diode and a capacitor to achieve electrostatic protection.

[0008] Furthermore, the physical interface of the IPEX interface is equipped with a TVS diode and a capacitor, and the electrostatic discharge protection level is 8kV for contact discharge.

[0009] Furthermore, the supercapacitor is configured to support the module to operate continuously for 10 minutes after the external power supply is disconnected.

[0010] Furthermore, the communication rate of the RS485 interface is limited by the serial port protocol, enabling the conversion between TTL level and RS-485 level.

[0011] Furthermore, the LED indicator includes a running indicator and an alarm indicator, which are used to indicate the module's working status and fault signals, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the operating system of the module is an RTOS or a bare-metal system, and the storage medium is a Flash memory.

[0013] Furthermore, the IPEX interface is compatible with SMA interface-compatible stick antennas or extended antennas.

[0014] The embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: The LoRa-based serial communication module of the present invention can improve the stability and reliability of communication. By configuring a supercapacitor, the module can continue to operate for a certain period of time after the external power supply is disconnected, ensuring the continuity of data transmission and avoiding data loss or communication interruption due to sudden power outages. Simultaneously, both the power interface and the IPEX interface are equipped with electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection measures, which can effectively resist ESD interference, reduce the risk of module damage due to ESD, and thus extend the module's service life.

[0015] Furthermore, the RS485 interface can stably convert between TTL and RS-485 levels, and its communication rate is limited by the serial port protocol, meeting communication needs in different scenarios and improving communication quality. The IPEX interface is compatible with various antenna types, providing users with greater flexibility to select the appropriate antenna based on actual needs and optimize communication performance. Operating status is clearly displayed through LED indicators with different functions, allowing users to intuitively understand the module's working status and fault information, facilitating timely problem identification and resolution, and improving the module's ease of use.

[0016] The LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention can meet the needs of various application scenarios. Its operating system is an RTOS or bare-metal system, and its storage medium is Flash memory, ensuring stable operation under different working environments while possessing excellent data storage capabilities. The module's external casing is compact, facilitating installation and deployment, and is suitable for space-constrained applications. The DC-DC step-down chip has a wide input voltage range and a large maximum output current, providing a stable power supply for the module and adapting to different power environments, further enhancing the module's versatility and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings by way of example and not limitation, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a LoRa-based serial communication module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a LoRa-based serial communication module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The principles and spirit of the invention will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0019] Those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0020] It should be noted that the number of any elements in the accompanying drawings is for illustrative purposes only and not as a limitation, and any naming is for distinction only and has no limiting meaning.

[0021] The following is for reference. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a LoRa-based serial communication module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a LoRa-based serial communication module includes: LoRa core module 1, supercapacitor 4, communication conversion chip 2, DC-DC step-down chip 3, LED indicator 8, RS485 interface 5, power interface 6 and IPEX interface 7; The LoRa core module is connected to the communication conversion chip, and the communication conversion chip is connected to the RS485 interface; The input terminal of the DC-DC step-down chip is connected to the power interface, and the output terminal supplies power to the LoRa core module, the communication conversion chip, and the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the DC-DC step-down chip to balance transmission power consumption and enable power-off resume transmission. The IPEX interface is connected to the LoRa core module and is used to connect an external antenna; The LED indicator is connected to the LoRa core module and is used to display the operating status and alarm signals.

[0022] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention is a multi-functional communication device. The LoRa core module is responsible for processing the LoRa wireless communication protocol and realizing data transmission and reception. A supercapacitor is a high-capacity energy storage element used to provide temporary power support when the external power supply is interrupted, ensuring the module can complete its current communication task or enter a safe standby state. The communication conversion chip converts between different communication protocols, such as converting TTL level signals to RS-485 level signals to adapt to different communication interface requirements. A DC-DC step-down chip is a power management chip used to convert higher input voltages to lower voltages suitable for the operation of the module's internal components, while improving power conversion efficiency. LED indicators visually display the module's operating status and alarm information, helping users quickly understand the module's working condition. The RS485 interface is a commonly used serial communication interface suitable for long-distance, low-speed data communication. The power interface connects the module to an external power source, providing the necessary power input. The IPEX interface is a miniaturized RF connector interface used to connect an external antenna, enhancing the module's wireless communication capabilities.

[0023] Specifically, the LoRa core module uses the E77-900M22S chip, a high-performance chip designed specifically for LoRa communication. It supports wireless communication in the 900MHz band and features low power consumption and high receiver sensitivity, effectively extending the module's communication distance and battery life. The communication conversion chip is the HX3085S chip, which efficiently converts between TTL and RS-485 levels, ensuring accurate data transmission under different communication protocols. The DC-DC step-down chip is the TPS54231DR chip, which has a wide input voltage range of 5V to 24V and a maximum output current capability of 2A, providing stable power to the LoRa core module, communication conversion chip, and supercapacitor. The supercapacitor's capacity is configured based on the required continuous operation time after power failure. In this invention, it is configured to support continuous operation for 10 minutes after external power is disconnected, providing sufficient buffer time for the module to complete its current task or safely shut down. The communication rate of the RS485 interface is limited by the serial port protocol. It can convert between TTL and RS-485 levels, and its communication rate can be adjusted according to actual application requirements to meet different data transmission needs. LED indicators include a running indicator and an alarm indicator. The running indicator lights up when the module is working normally, and the alarm indicator lights up when the module detects a fault. Different light states convey the module's operating status and fault information to the user. The IPEX interface is compatible with SMA interface stick antennas or extended antennas. This compatibility design allows users to select the appropriate antenna type according to the actual installation environment and communication requirements, improving the module's flexibility and applicability.

[0024] Preferably, to further improve the stability and reliability of the module, a reverse connection protection diode is connected in series with the positive input terminal of the power interface to prevent damage to the module caused by reversed power polarity. Simultaneously, a TVS diode and a capacitor are also provided at the input terminal. The TVS diode is a transient voltage suppressor that can effectively absorb transient high-energy pulses, protecting the module from electrostatic discharge and voltage surge damage; the capacitor is used for filtering, further stabilizing the input power. A TVS diode and capacitor are also provided at the physical interface of the IPEX interface, with an electrostatic discharge protection level of 8kV, providing strong electrostatic protection for the module's RF interface and ensuring the module's stability in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0025] Furthermore, the module's operating system employs either an RTOS or a bare-metal system. An RTOS provides efficient multitasking capabilities, ensuring the module's real-time performance and stability when handling multiple communication tasks. A bare-metal system, on the other hand, is a lightweight system architecture suitable for applications with lower resource requirements, maximizing the module's operational efficiency. The storage medium is Flash memory, which is non-volatile and erasable, securely storing the module's configuration information and communication data without data loss even in the event of a power outage.

[0026] In some embodiments, the LoRa core module uses an E77-900M22S chip, the communication conversion chip uses an HX3085S chip, and the DC-DC step-down chip uses a TPS54231DR chip.

[0027] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention has clearly defined specifications and models for its core components to ensure high performance and high reliability. The LoRa core module uses the E77-900M22S chip, a high-performance LoRa communication chip designed for long-distance wireless communication, supporting the 900MHz frequency band, and featuring low power consumption, high receiver sensitivity, and long-distance transmission. The communication conversion chip uses the HX3085S chip, which efficiently converts TTL and RS-485 levels, ensuring accurate data transmission under different communication protocols. The DC-DC step-down chip uses the TPS54231DR chip, a high-efficiency power management chip that converts higher input voltages to lower voltages suitable for the operation of the module's internal components, while improving power conversion efficiency and reducing power consumption. These chips were selected based on their strengths in their respective fields to meet the module's needs in communication, power management, and signal conversion.

[0028] Specifically, the E77-900M22S chip is a key component of the LoRa core module. It supports wireless communication in the 900MHz band, enabling the module to achieve a communication range of approximately 2-5 kilometers in urban environments and over 15 kilometers in suburban environments. The chip's low power consumption means the module can operate for extended periods on battery power, making it suitable for IoT applications requiring low power consumption. The HX3085S chip, as a communication conversion chip, primarily converts TTL level signals to RS-485 level signals. TTL levels are typically used for short-range, low-speed communication, while RS-485 levels are suitable for long-range, multi-point communication. This conversion is crucial for ensuring compatibility between the module and external devices. The TPS54231DR chip, as a DC-DC step-down chip, has an input voltage range of 5V to 24V, adapting to different power input environments. With a maximum output current of 2A, it provides a stable power supply for the module, ensuring the normal operation of components such as the LoRa core module, communication conversion chip, and supercapacitor.

[0029] Preferably, to further optimize module performance, the parameter settings of the E77-900M22S chip can be adjusted according to specific application scenarios. For example, its transmit power can be adjusted according to communication distance requirements to balance power consumption and communication distance. During data transmission, the chip supports multiple data rate and spreading factor settings, allowing selection of appropriate parameter combinations based on actual needs to achieve optimal communication performance. The conversion rate of the HX3085S chip can be optimized according to the communication rate requirements of the RS485 interface to ensure data integrity and accuracy during conversion. The output voltage of the TPS54231DR chip can be precisely adjusted according to the voltage requirements of the internal components of the module to ensure that each component operates at its optimal operating voltage, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the entire module.

[0030] In some embodiments, the outer casing of the module has dimensions of 32mm × 32mm × 100mm.

[0031] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention was designed with portability and installation space constraints in mind, thus the external housing dimensions were precisely planned. The external housing dimensions refer to the overall physical dimensions of the module, including its length, width, and height. These dimensions directly determine the installation space requirements and portability of the module in practical applications. In this invention, the external housing dimensions are designed to be 32mm × 32mm × 100mm. This compact design allows the module to adapt to various space-constrained installation environments, such as smart meters, industrial control equipment, or small sensor networks. The module can be easily integrated into existing devices without occupying excessive space.

[0032] Specifically, the external housing dimensions are optimized based on the layout of the internal components and heat dissipation requirements. The 32mm × 32mm × 100mm dimensions ensure a reasonable layout for all critical components, such as the LoRa core module, communication conversion chip, supercapacitor, and DC-DC step-down chip, while also considering the module's heat dissipation performance during operation. This size allows for easy mounting on standard DIN rails, a common installation method in industrial automation and smart instruments. Furthermore, the compact size helps reduce the module's weight, making it more suitable for use in mobile devices or portable applications.

[0033] Preferably, to further enhance the practicality and compatibility of the module, the outer housing design may also include some additional functions. For example, the housing may be waterproof and dustproof to adapt to use in outdoor or harsh environments.

[0034] Furthermore, the surface of the housing can be designed to have good electromagnetic shielding performance to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on the module's communication performance. In terms of heat dissipation, heat dissipation channels can be designed inside the housing or thermally conductive materials can be used to ensure that the module can effectively dissipate heat under high loads, thereby extending the module's lifespan and maintaining stable communication performance.

[0035] In some embodiments, the input voltage range of the DC-DC step-down chip is 5V to 24V, and the maximum output current is 2A; The positive input terminal of the power interface is connected in series with a reverse connection protection diode, and the input terminal is also equipped with a TVS diode and a capacitor to achieve electrostatic protection.

[0036] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention features meticulously designed power management to ensure stability and reliability under various power supply environments. The input voltage range of the DC-DC step-down chip is 5V to 24V, meaning the module can accept a wide range of input voltages, adapting to different power supply environments, such as direct connection to common DC power adapters or industrial power supplies. The maximum output current is 2A, providing ample current to the internal LoRa core module, communication conversion chip, and supercapacitor, ensuring normal operation under high loads. Furthermore, a reverse polarity protection diode is connected in series with the positive input terminal of the power interface, a protective measure to prevent damage caused by reverse polarity. The input terminal also includes a TVS diode and a capacitor. The TVS diode absorbs transient high-energy pulses, protecting the module from electrostatic discharge and voltage surges, while the capacitor filters and further stabilizes the input power. These measures collectively improve the module's power stability.

[0037] Specifically, the input voltage range of 5V to 24V for the DC-DC step-down chip is an important parameter setting, ensuring the module can operate under various power supply conditions. For example, a 5V input voltage is suitable for small USB power adapters, while a 24V input voltage meets the power standards commonly found in industrial environments. The maximum output current of 2A is set based on the maximum current requirements of the module's internal components. This current value meets the current requirements of the LoRa core module at maximum transmit power, as well as the current consumption of the communication conversion chip and supercapacitor during normal operation. The reverse polarity protection diode is a unidirectional conductive semiconductor device that allows current to flow from the positive to the negative terminal but prevents reverse current, thus protecting the module from damage caused by incorrect power polarity connection. A TVS diode is a transient voltage suppressor that quickly conducts when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, absorbing excess voltage energy and protecting the circuit from high-voltage pulses. A capacitor is an energy storage element that smooths input voltage fluctuations, reduces power supply noise, and ensures the module's power quality.

[0038] Preferably, to further optimize the power management performance of the module, a voltage monitoring circuit can be added to the output of the DC-DC step-down chip. This circuit can monitor changes in the output voltage in real time and issue an alarm or take protective measures, such as cutting off the power supply to prevent module damage, when the voltage is below or above a set threshold. Furthermore, the selection of the TVS diode can be optimized according to the module's voltage level and expected electrostatic discharge level to ensure it can effectively absorb the maximum transient voltage that may be encountered. The capacitance and type of the capacitors can also be adjusted according to the module's power supply noise characteristics; for example, a combination of high-capacity electrolytic capacitors and low-ESR ceramic capacitors can be selected to achieve better filtering. Through these optimization measures, the module's power management performance will be significantly improved, thereby enhancing the overall stability and reliability of the module.

[0039] In some embodiments, the physical interface of the IPEX interface is provided with a TVS diode and a capacitor, and the electrostatic discharge protection level is 8kV for contact discharge.

[0040] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention has undergone special consideration in the protection design of the IPEX interface to ensure the stability and reliability of the module in complex electromagnetic environments. The IPEX interface is a radio frequency interface used to connect an external antenna. Its physical interface includes a TVS diode and a capacitor, which together constitute an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection system. The TVS diode is a transient voltage suppressor that effectively absorbs transient high-energy pulses, protecting the module from damage caused by electrostatic discharge and voltage surges. The capacitor further stabilizes the interface voltage and reduces electromagnetic interference. The ESD protection level reaches 8kV contact discharge, meaning the module can withstand up to 8kV of ESD contact discharge without damage, thus significantly improving the module's anti-static capability in practical use.

[0041] Specifically, the IPEX interface is a miniaturized RF connector widely used in wireless communication equipment for connecting external antennas. The TVS diode at the IPEX interface provides overvoltage protection; when a transient high voltage occurs at the interface, the TVS diode quickly conducts, discharging excess energy to ground, thus protecting the internal circuitry of the module from damage. Capacitors are used for filtering and stabilizing voltage, reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference on communication signals. The 8kV contact discharge protection rating is an important parameter, indicating the highest electrostatic voltage level the module can withstand. This parameter is verified through rigorous testing standards to ensure the module can resist common electrostatic interference in practical use, such as electrostatic discharge generated by human contact.

[0042] Preferably, to further improve the protection performance of the IPEX interface, a layer of shielding material, such as a metal shielding cover, can be added at the interface to enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect. Furthermore, the selection of TVS diodes and capacitors can be optimized based on the module's operating frequency and the expected electromagnetic environment. For example, selecting a TVS diode with a faster response time can more effectively suppress transient voltages, while selecting a capacitor with high capacitance and low ESR (equivalent series resistance) can provide better filtering performance.

[0043] Furthermore, during the design process, the effectiveness of the protection system can be verified through simulation testing. For example, an electrostatic discharge simulator can be used to test the module to ensure that its communication function is unaffected under 8kV contact discharge conditions. Through these optimization measures, the protection performance of the IPEX interface will be significantly improved, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the entire module.

[0044] In some embodiments, the supercapacitor is configured to support the module to operate continuously for 10 minutes after the external power supply is disconnected.

[0045] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention features a carefully designed supercapacitor configuration to ensure continuous operation for a period of time after the external power supply is disconnected, thereby guaranteeing data transmission integrity and module stability. A supercapacitor is a high-capacity energy storage element capable of storing a large amount of electrical energy in a short time and releasing it rapidly when needed. Its capacity configuration is determined based on the required continuous operation time of the module after a power outage; in this invention, it is configured to support continuous operation for 10 minutes after the external power supply is disconnected. This provides sufficient buffer time for the module to complete its current task or safely shut down, avoiding data loss or communication interruption due to sudden power outages.

[0046] Specifically, the supercapacitor's capacity configuration is calculated based on the module's power consumption and the required continuous operating time after a power outage. Module power consumption refers to the electrical energy consumed under normal operating conditions, typically measured in watts (W). Continuous operating time refers to the duration the module can continue operating using the energy stored in the supercapacitor after the external power supply is disconnected, typically measured in minutes. In this invention, the supercapacitor's capacity configuration is determined as follows: First, the average power consumption of the module under normal operating conditions is measured; then, based on the required continuous operating time (10 minutes), the total amount of electrical energy the supercapacitor needs to store is calculated; finally, a supercapacitor with an appropriate capacity is selected to meet this requirement. The supercapacitor's capacity is typically measured in farads (F), and the amount of electrical energy it can store is directly proportional to its capacity. Furthermore, the supercapacitor's voltage rating must also match the module's operating voltage to ensure a stable power supply to the module after a power outage.

[0047] Preferably, to further optimize the performance of the supercapacitor, a power management unit can be added to the module to monitor the voltage and charge of the supercapacitor in real time and issue an early warning when the charge is low, so that the module can take timely measures, such as saving current data or entering a low-power mode. Furthermore, the selection of the supercapacitor can be adjusted according to the specific power consumption characteristics of the module; for example, a supercapacitor with higher energy density can be selected to store more electrical energy in the same volume.

[0048] Furthermore, in practical applications, the actual performance of supercapacitors can be verified through experimental testing. For example, under simulated power outages, the test module can be evaluated to see if the duration of continuous operation relying on the supercapacitor meets design requirements. Through these optimization measures, the performance of supercapacitors will be significantly improved, thereby better meeting the module's operational needs under power outage conditions.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the communication rate of the RS485 interface is limited by the serial port protocol, realizing the conversion between TTL level and RS-485 level.

[0050] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention has been optimized in its RS485 interface design to ensure efficient and stable serial communication. The RS485 interface is a commonly used serial communication interface suitable for long-distance, low-speed data communication. Its communication rate is limited by the serial port protocol, meaning the module's communication rate needs to be set according to the serial port protocol used in the actual application. Furthermore, the RS485 interface can convert between TTL and RS-485 levels, which is accomplished by a communication conversion chip, ensuring the module can communicate with devices using different level standards.

[0051] Specifically, the communication rate of an RS485 interface is determined by the serial port protocol, which refers to a set of rules used to standardize data transmission formats and rates in serial communication. Common serial port protocols include RS232 and RS485, with RS485 supporting multi-point communication and suitable for scenarios such as industrial automation and sensor networks. Communication rate is usually expressed in baud rate (bps), such as 9600bps or 19200bps, which determines the data transmission speed. TTL level is a common digital logic level standard, typically used for short-range, low-speed communication, with logic 0 and logic 1 voltage ranges of 0V to 0.8V and 2V to 5V, respectively. RS-485 level, on the other hand, is a differential level standard suitable for long-distance communication, with logic 0 and logic 1 voltage differences of -2V to -6V and +2V to +6V, respectively. The function of the communication conversion chip is to convert TTL level signals to RS-485 level signals and vice versa, ensuring that the module can communicate with devices using different logic level standards.

[0052] Preferably, to further improve the communication performance of the RS485 interface, the selection of the communication conversion chip can be optimized. For example, a communication conversion chip with high anti-interference capability and low power consumption can be selected to improve the communication stability of the module in complex electromagnetic environments. In addition, some protection measures, such as lightning protection and overcurrent protection, can be added to the physical connection of the RS485 interface to prevent external interference from damaging the module.

[0053] Furthermore, in practical applications, the communication rate of the RS485 interface can be adjusted through software configuration according to specific communication needs and environmental conditions. For example, a higher baud rate can be selected when fast data transmission is required, while a lower baud rate can be selected when long-distance transmission is required. Through these optimization measures, the communication performance of the RS485 interface will be significantly improved, thereby better meeting the communication needs of the module in different application scenarios.

[0054] In some embodiments, the LED indicator includes a running indicator and an alarm indicator, which are used to indicate the module's working status and fault signals, respectively.

[0055] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention features meticulously designed LED indicators to ensure users can intuitively understand the module's operating status and fault information. The LED indicators include a running indicator and an alarm indicator. The running indicator displays the module's normal operating status, while the alarm indicator indicates potential faults or abnormal conditions. By observing the different display states of these two indicators, users can quickly determine whether the module is working properly, thereby improving the module's usability and maintenance efficiency.

[0056] Specifically, the operation indicator and the alarm indicator are two different functional types of LED indicators. The operation indicator typically illuminates when the module is working normally, displaying green or another easily identifiable color, indicating that the module's power is on and communication is normal. The alarm indicator illuminates when the module detects a fault or anomaly, typically displaying red or another conspicuous color to alert the user to potential problems requiring resolution. The display status of these indicators can be controlled by the microcontroller inside the module. The microcontroller drives the corresponding LEDs to light up or turn off based on the module's operating status and fault detection results. For example, when the module's power supply voltage falls below a set threshold, the alarm indicator will light up, alerting the user that the power supply may be insufficient.

[0057] Preferably, to further improve the indicating effect of the LED indicator lights, a flashing mode can be added to the module to distinguish different fault types or operating states. For example, the operation indicator light can indicate normal operation with a stable on state, while a flashing state indicates that the module is in low-power mode or waiting for data transmission. Alarm indicator lights can use different flashing frequencies to indicate different fault types, such as rapid flashing for communication failure and slow flashing for hardware failure. Furthermore, the brightness of the indicator lights can be adjusted through software settings to adapt to different ambient lighting conditions, such as increasing brightness in bright light environments and decreasing brightness in dark light environments to save energy. Through these optimization measures, the functions of the LED indicator lights will be richer and more practical, thus better meeting the needs of users in different usage scenarios.

[0058] In some embodiments, the operating system of the module is an RTOS or a bare-metal system, and the storage medium is a Flash memory.

[0059] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention has been optimized in terms of operating system and storage medium selection to ensure efficient module operation and data security. The operating system adopts either an RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) or a bare-metal system. An RTOS is a system that provides efficient multitasking capabilities and is suitable for applications requiring real-time response, while a bare-metal system is a lightweight system architecture suitable for applications with lower resource requirements. The storage medium uses Flash memory, a non-volatile memory that can securely store data even when power is off, ensuring that the module's configuration information and communication data are not lost.

[0060] Specifically, an RTOS is an operating system designed specifically for real-time applications. It ensures tasks are completed within strict time constraints and is suitable for communication tasks requiring rapid response. For example, in LoRa communication, an RTOS ensures timely transmission and reception of data packets, avoiding data loss or delay. A bare-metal system, on the other hand, is a runtime environment without an operating system, running applications directly on the hardware. It is suitable for applications with low resource requirements and less stringent real-time requirements. Flash memory is a non-volatile memory that retains stored data even after power loss, which is crucial for storing module configuration information and communication data. For example, module communication parameters and network configuration information can be stored in Flash memory and securely preserved even after power failure.

[0061] Preferably, to further improve the performance and reliability of the module, a task priority scheduling mechanism can be implemented in the RTOS, assigning different priorities based on the importance and urgency of tasks to ensure that high-priority tasks are executed first. For example, in LoRa communication, the data transmission task can be set as a high priority to ensure that data is sent in a timely manner. For Flash memory, data encryption can be implemented to protect the stored data from unauthorized access.

[0062] Furthermore, data verification functions, such as CRC checks, can be implemented to ensure the integrity and accuracy of stored data. Through these optimizations, the module's operating system and storage media will be more efficient and reliable, thus better meeting the module's needs in different application scenarios.

[0063] In some embodiments, the IPEX interface is compatible with SMA interface rod antennas or extension antennas.

[0064] It should be noted that the LoRa-based serial communication module of this invention has been optimized in terms of IPEX interface compatibility design to ensure that the module can flexibly connect to various types of antennas. The IPEX interface is a miniaturized RF connector interface widely used in wireless communication devices. In this invention, the IPEX interface is compatible with SMA interface stick antennas or extended antennas, meaning that users can choose the appropriate antenna type according to the actual installation environment and communication needs, thereby improving the module's flexibility and applicability.

[0065] Specifically, the IPEX interface is an RF connector interface characterized by its miniaturization and high performance, suitable for space-constrained devices. The SMA interface is a common RF connector interface with good electrical performance and mechanical stability. A glue stick antenna is a miniaturized antenna typically used for short-range wireless communication, offering ease of installation and concealment. An extension antenna, on the other hand, is an antenna that extends communication distance, suitable for scenarios requiring long-distance communication. By designing an IPEX interface compatible with an SMA interface antenna, the module can easily connect both types of antennas to meet different communication needs. For example, in indoor environments, a glue stick antenna can be used to save space; in outdoor environments, an extension antenna can be used to increase communication distance.

[0066] Preferably, to further improve the compatibility and performance of the IPEX interface, an antenna switching circuit can be added to the module, allowing users to quickly switch between different types of antennas without reconnecting them. Furthermore, an antenna performance monitoring function can be added to the module to automatically adjust the module's transmit power and receive sensitivity by monitoring the antenna's signal strength and communication quality, thereby optimizing communication performance. For example, when a weak signal is detected, the module can automatically increase the transmit power; when the signal quality is good, it can reduce the transmit power to save energy. Through these optimization measures, the compatibility and performance of the IPEX interface will be significantly improved, thus better meeting the module's communication needs in different application scenarios.

[0067] The various embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: This module adopts a LoRa core module combined with a supercapacitor power supply scheme, enabling it to maintain operation for 10 minutes after the external power supply is disconnected, achieving power-off continuation of critical data transmission. Simultaneously, the wide voltage input range of 5V-24V provided by the DC-DC step-down chip allows it to adapt to complex industrial environments. The communication conversion chip, in conjunction with the RS485 interface, can perform TTL to RS-485 level conversion, meeting the requirements of industrial fieldbus. The TVS diode protection design at the IPEX interface, with a contact discharge voltage of 8kV, enhances the anti-static capability of the antenna port, improving the module's reliability in harsh environments. The dual-status display function of the LED indicator provides intuitive feedback on the module's operating status and fault information, facilitating on-site maintenance.

[0068] The module features a compact housing design (32mm × 32mm × 100mm) to save installation space. Power interface features a reverse-connection protection diode, TVS diode, and filter capacitor to effectively suppress power supply interference. The supercapacitor's energy storage characteristics balance the instantaneous high power consumption during LoRa transmission, extending power supply life. The RTOS or bare-metal system combined with Flash memory allows for flexible adaptation to firmware requirements in different application scenarios. Furthermore, the IPEX interface is compatible with SMA antennas, facilitating the expansion of antennas with different gains, enhancing communication distance and signal stability. This makes the module widely applicable in low-power, long-distance communication fields such as IoT terminals and remote monitoring.

[0069] The following is for reference. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an electronic device 300 suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present invention. The electronic devices in some embodiments of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PADs (tablet computers), PMPs (portable multimedia players), in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), and fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. Figure 3 The terminal device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 300 may include a processing unit (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 302 or a program loaded from a storage device 308 into a random access memory (RAM) 303. The RAM 303 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 300. The processing unit 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are interconnected via a bus 304. An input / output (I / O) interface 305 is also connected to the bus 304.

[0071] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 305: input devices 306 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 307 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 308 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 309. Communication device 309 allows electronic device 300 to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 3An electronic device 300 with various devices is shown; however, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all of the devices shown. More or fewer devices may be implemented or possessed alternatively. Figure 3 Each box shown can represent a device or multiple devices as needed.

[0072] Furthermore, the storage medium in the embodiments of this application stores program instructions capable of implementing all the above methods. These program instructions can be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks, or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.

[0073] The above description is merely an explanation of some preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention as described in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A LoRa-based serial communication module, characterized in that, include: LoRa core module, supercapacitor, communication conversion chip, DC-DC step-down chip, LED indicator, RS485 interface, power interface and IPEX interface; The LoRa core module is connected to the communication conversion chip, and the communication conversion chip is connected to the RS485 interface; The input terminal of the DC-DC step-down chip is connected to the power interface, and the output terminal supplies power to the LoRa core module, the communication conversion chip, and the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the DC-DC step-down chip to balance transmission power consumption and enable power-off resume transmission. The IPEX interface is connected to the LoRa core module and is used to connect an external antenna; The LED indicator is connected to the LoRa core module and is used to display the operating status and alarm signals.

2. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LoRa core module uses the E77-900M22S chip, the communication conversion chip uses the HX3085S chip, and the DC-DC step-down chip uses the TPS54231DR chip.

3. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external casing of the module has dimensions of 32mm × 32mm × 100mm.

4. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input voltage range of the DC-DC step-down chip is 5V to 24V, and the maximum output current is 2A. The positive input terminal of the power interface is connected in series with a reverse connection protection diode, and the input terminal is also equipped with a TVS diode and a capacitor to achieve electrostatic protection.

5. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical interface of the IPEX interface is equipped with a TVS diode and a capacitor, and the electrostatic discharge protection level is 8kV for contact discharge.

6. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor is configured to support the module to operate continuously for 10 minutes after the external power supply is disconnected.

7. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication rate of the RS485 interface is limited by the serial port protocol, and it realizes the conversion between TTL level and RS-485 level.

8. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LED indicator includes a running indicator and an alarm indicator, which are used to indicate the module's working status and fault signals, respectively.

9. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating system of the module is an RTOS or a bare-metal system, and the storage medium is a Flash memory.

10. The LoRa-based serial communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The IPEX interface is compatible with SMA interface glue rod antennas or extension antennas.

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