Efficient heat dissipation electric pile

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient heat dissipation electric pile which comprises a battery panel group formed by stacking a plurality of single battery panels front and back, assembling bolts are arranged at four corners of the battery panel group, end plates are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the battery panel group, and a fan is arranged on one side of each end plate; each single cell panel comprises two bipolar plates, a membrane electrode is arranged between the two bipolar plates, vein type flow channel grooves are formed in the opposite sides of the two bipolar plates, and heat dissipation fins with sawteeth are arranged on the opposite sides of the two bipolar plates. The radiating fins with the sawteeth on the opposite side greatly increase the radiating area of the bipolar plate, the radiating area can be increased by more than 30% compared with that of a flat plate, and the sawteeth shape can disturb surrounding air flow, strengthen air convection heat exchange efficiency and quickly export heat generated by electrochemical reaction; and finally, a dual mechanism of internal temperature equalization and external strong heat dissipation is formed through the vein type flow channel grooves and the heat dissipation fins, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular relates to a fuel cell stack with high heat dissipation efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by energy transition and environmental protection needs, hydrogen fuel cell stack technology has made significant progress, providing clean and efficient energy solutions for many fields such as transportation and distributed power generation. Existing hydrogen fuel cell stacks typically employ a multi-layered structure of stacked individual solar panels, secured with bolts and end plates, and cooled by fans. Each individual solar panel consists of bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), with flow channels designed on the bipolar plates to facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen to the electrodes. However, as the application scenarios for hydrogen fuel cells continue to expand, power density and performance requirements are also constantly increasing.

[0003] Existing fuel cell stacks still have some limitations in terms of heat dissipation and gas distribution. On the one hand, traditional flow channel structures lack uniformity in gas distribution, which can easily lead to local concentration polarization and incomplete reactions, limiting further improvements in battery efficiency. On the other hand, heat dissipation designs are insufficient to meet the heat dissipation requirements under high-load operation, and localized temperature increases may affect battery performance and lifespan. These problems, to some extent, hinder the wider application of hydrogen fuel cell stacks in high-performance application scenarios.

[0004] While current technologies have achieved significant progress in the field of hydrogen fuel cell stacks, there is still room for optimization in addressing complex operating conditions, high power demands, and long-term stable operation. This presents a new challenge to the industry: how to further improve the heat dissipation performance and reaction efficiency of the stacks to meet the ever-growing application requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art by providing a fuel cell stack with high heat dissipation, which solves the problems of reduced conversion efficiency caused by excessively high temperature in traditional fuel cell stacks and unstable operation caused by water vapor condensing inside the fuel cell stack in low-temperature environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the invention employs the following technical solution: a high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack, comprising a battery panel assembly formed by stacking multiple individual battery panels, wherein mounting bolts are provided at all four corners of the battery panel assembly, and end plates are provided on both the front and rear sides of the battery panel assembly, with a fan provided on one side of each end plate; each individual battery panel includes two bipolar plates, with a membrane electrode disposed between the two bipolar plates, and multiple leaf-vein-type flow channel grooves are formed on the opposite sides of the two bipolar plates, each leaf-vein-type flow channel groove including a main flow channel, and multiple capillary flow channels are formed on both sides of the main flow channel; serrated heat dissipation fins are formed on the opposite sides of the two bipolar plates.

[0007] By constructing a biomimetic hierarchical transport network through a leaf vein-like flow channel, the distribution of cooling fluid is optimized, effectively reducing the drainage path and avoiding flooding. This improves internal heat exchange efficiency and increases the critical current density, making it particularly suitable for high-humidity variable operating conditions. The serrated heat dissipation fins on the opposite side significantly increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the bipolar plate, by more than 30% compared to a flat plate. The serrated shape also disrupts the surrounding airflow, enhancing air convection heat transfer efficiency and quickly dissipating the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction. Finally, the leaf vein-like flow channel and heat dissipation fins form a dual mechanism of internal uniform temperature and external strong heat dissipation, further improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the extension direction of the leaf vein-type flow channel groove is consistent with the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins, and the airflow direction is parallel to the fin direction, which reduces wind resistance, improves the airflow penetration efficiency of the fan, reduces turbulence, reduces heat dissipation dead zones, and achieves uniform temperature field distribution. This can effectively avoid local hot spots, prevent the proton exchange membrane from degrading due to excessive temperature difference, and thus improve the airflow efficiency of the fan.

[0009] As a further technical solution, recessed grooves are formed on the opposite sides of the two bipolar plates. The area of ​​the recessed grooves exceeds 80% of the area of ​​one side of the bipolar plate. The recessed grooves covering 80% of the area significantly reduce the weight of the bipolar plates, especially for large fuel cell stacks. In addition, by forming recessed grooves, the heat conduction path from the membrane electrode to the heat dissipation fins in the thin-walled area is shortened, thereby improving the heat conduction rate.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the heat dissipation fins are disposed on the wall of the recessed groove. The side of the heat dissipation fins away from the inner wall of the recessed groove is flush with the outer wall of the bipolar plate. By aligning the top of the heat dissipation fins with the outer wall of the bipolar plate, the space of the recessed groove is maximized for fin placement without increasing the overall thickness of the fuel cell stack. This design also effectively prevents the heat dissipation fins from being deformed due to collisions during transportation or vibration, thus enhancing structural reliability. Furthermore, it keeps the entire outer surface of the bipolar plate relatively flat, which helps to ensure tight contact between individual solar panels during fuel cell stack assembly, reducing assembly gaps caused by surface protrusions and lowering contact thermal resistance.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the air blowing direction of the fan is consistent with the extension direction of the heat sink fins. By ensuring that the air blowing direction of the fan is consistent with the extension direction of the heat sink fins, it can be ensured that the airflow generated by the fan accurately impacts the surface of the heat sink fins. The airflow flows at high speed along the fin direction, destroying the boundary layer and improving the heat transfer coefficient. This maximizes the use of airflow to remove heat and avoids the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency caused by mismatch in airflow direction. It enhances the active cooling effect, which can ensure the temperature stability of the fuel cell stack when operating under high load and also allow the fan to achieve the same heat dissipation effect at a lower speed.

[0012] As a further technical solution, guide grooves are formed on both the side of the bipolar plate closest to the fan and the side furthest from the fan. The extension direction of the guide grooves is consistent with the airflow direction of the fan. The presence of guide grooves on both sides of the bipolar plate, close to and far from the fan, with their extension direction aligned with the fan's airflow direction, serves to guide and rectify the airflow. This allows the airflow from the fan to flow more orderly across the surface of the bipolar plate, reducing airflow turbulence and eddies, lowering flow resistance. Simultaneously, it guides some airflow to other areas within the fuel cell stack, further enhancing overall heat dissipation and improving the uniformity of airflow distribution within the stack. Furthermore, the guide grooves on the side furthest from the fan also reduce airflow swirling between the fins, further improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0013] As a further technical solution, each of the two bipolar plates has a plurality of drainage holes on one side that communicate with the leaf vein-type flow channel groove, and the surface of the bipolar plate has a drainage outlet that communicates with the plurality of drainage holes.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the main pulse flow channel directly connects to the drain outlet at the edge of the bipolar plate, which is the collection channel for the water generated in the reaction. During the operation of the fuel cell, the liquid water collected by the capillary flow channel flows into the main pulse through the branch node and then is discharged from the system through the drain hole. This design can discharge the water generated during the electrochemical reaction from the stack in a timely manner, thereby preventing water from accumulating in the flow channel, avoiding affecting the diffusion and transmission of the reactant gas, ensuring that the electrode surface always maintains a good gas contact state, maintaining the stable and efficient power generation performance of the battery, and also reducing the risk of corrosion caused by water accumulation.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the capillary channel gradually narrows and becomes shallower from the end in contact with the main channel. This structure mimics the terminal characteristics of leaf veins. By gradually reducing the cross-section of the channel, the capillary force is enhanced, driving liquid water to actively migrate from the reaction area to the main channel. Moreover, the shallow groove design interacts with the micro-protrusions of the gas diffusion layer, which can disrupt the continuous water film and break large droplets into micro-droplets, making them easier for the airflow to carry into the main channel.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the side of the end plate away from the battery pack is provided with an external heat sink. The extension direction of the external heat sink is consistent with the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins. This design further expands the overall heat dissipation area of ​​the battery stack. The external heat sink can quickly dissipate the heat conducted from inside the battery pack to the end plate into the surrounding environment, serving as a powerful supplement to the internal heat dissipation structure. Especially when the battery stack has a large power and generates a large amount of heat, it can effectively reduce the overall temperature of the battery stack and improve the redundancy and reliability of the heat dissipation system.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the high-efficiency heat dissipation stack also includes a protective cover that encloses the battery pack. The inner wall of the protective cover is connected to the end plate through a connecting base, and the surface of the protective cover has a reserved opening and an exhaust port corresponding to the fan.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Capillaries cover the surface of the bipolar plate in a tree-like fractal structure, ensuring that both the edges and central areas of the fuel cell stack are covered by the flow channel network. During the cathode reaction of the fuel cell, the capillaries promptly drain the generated water, preventing the electrodes from being "flooded." Simultaneously, a suitable amount of moisture is retained to maintain the wettability of the proton exchange membrane, preventing membrane cracking and failure. A biomimetic hierarchical transport network is constructed through the leaf-vein-like flow channel grooves, optimizing the distribution of cooling fluid, effectively reducing the drainage path, avoiding flooding, improving internal heat exchange efficiency, and increasing the critical current density, especially suitable for high-humidity variable operating conditions. The serrated heat dissipation fins on the opposite side significantly increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the bipolar plate, increasing it by more than 30% compared to a flat plate. The serrated shape also disrupts the surrounding airflow, enhancing air convection heat transfer efficiency and quickly dissipating the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction. Finally, the leaf-vein-like flow channel grooves and heat dissipation fins form a dual mechanism of internal temperature uniformity and external strong heat dissipation, further improving heat dissipation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fuel cell stack in the form of no protective shield, provided in an embodiment of the present invention, from a side-view perspective; Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the side-tilt view of the fuel cell stack without a protective shield, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single solar panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the disassembled state of a single solar panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the inner side of the bipolar plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the electric stack in the state of having a protective shield, provided in an embodiment of the present invention, from a side-tilt perspective.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Single solar cell panel; 11. Bipolar plate; 111. Internal groove; 112. Vein-type flow channel groove; 1121. Main vein flow channel; 1122. Capillary vein flow channel; 113. Recessed groove; 114. Heat dissipation fins; 115. Guide groove; 116. Drain outlet; 117. Drain hole; 118. Air inlet and outlet; 119. Air inlet and outlet holes; 12. Membrane electrode; 2. Bolt; 3. End plate; 4. Bracket; 5. Fan; 6. External heat sink; 7. Air inlet and outlet pipes; 8. Drain pipes; 9. Protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 6, the specific scheme of the embodiment is as follows: A high-efficiency heat dissipation stack includes a battery pack composed of multiple individual battery panels 1 stacked one after the other. The battery pack is provided with mounting bolts 2 at all four corners. End plates 3 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the battery pack. A fan 5 is provided on one side of the end plate 3. The individual battery panel 1 includes two bipolar plates 11. A membrane electrode 12 is provided between the two bipolar plates 11. Multiple leaf vein-type flow channel grooves 112 are opened on the opposite side of the two bipolar plates 11. Serrated heat dissipation fins 114 are opened on the opposite side of the two bipolar plates 11.

[0024] In this embodiment, the capillary channel 1122 gradually narrows and becomes shallower from the end that contacts the main channel 1121. This structure mimics the terminal characteristics of leaf veins. By gradually reducing the cross-section of the channel, the capillary force is enhanced, driving liquid water to actively migrate from the reaction area to the main channel. Moreover, the shallow groove design interacts with the micro-protrusions of the gas diffusion layer, which can disrupt the continuous water film and break large droplets into micro-droplets, making them easier for the airflow to carry into the main channel 1121.

[0025] In this embodiment, capillaries cover the surface of the bipolar plate 11 in a tree-like fractal structure, ensuring that the edges and central areas of the fuel cell stack are covered by the flow channel network. During the cathode reaction of the fuel cell, the capillaries promptly drain the generated water, preventing the electrodes from being "flooded." At the same time, they retain an appropriate amount of moisture to maintain the wettability of the proton exchange membrane, preventing the membrane from drying out and failing. A biomimetic hierarchical transport network is constructed through the leaf vein-like flow channel grooves 112, which optimizes the distribution of cooling fluid, effectively reduces the drainage path, avoids the problem of flooding, improves the internal heat exchange efficiency, and increases the critical current density, especially suitable for high humidity variable operating conditions. The serrated heat dissipation fins 114 on the opposite side significantly increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the bipolar plate 11, which can be increased by more than 30% compared to a flat plate. The serrated shape can also disrupt the surrounding airflow, enhance the air convection heat transfer efficiency, and quickly dissipate the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction. Finally, the leaf vein-like flow channel grooves 112 and the heat dissipation fins 114 form a dual mechanism of internal uniform temperature + external strong heat dissipation, which further improves the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0026] In this embodiment, the extension direction of the leaf vein-type flow channel 112 is consistent with the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins 114, both being vertical. This allows the airflow to flow in a vertical direction, with the airflow direction parallel to the fin direction, reducing wind resistance, improving the airflow penetration efficiency of the fan 5, reducing turbulence, reducing heat dissipation dead zones, and achieving a uniform temperature field distribution. This effectively avoids local hot spots and prevents the proton exchange membrane from degrading due to excessive temperature differences, thereby improving the airflow efficiency of the fan 5.

[0027] In this embodiment, two sets of fans 5 are provided, and both are fixed to both sides of the end plate 3 by brackets 4. One set is at the top of the stack, and the other set is at the bottom of the stack. The fan 5 at the top blows air toward the stack of multiple individual solar panels 1 to inject cold air into the stack. The other set of fans 5 blows air away from the stack. When the fan 5 at the bottom is started, a negative pressure is created between the fan 5 and the stack, thereby allowing the hot air inside the stack to flow out more quickly.

[0028] In this embodiment, recessed grooves 113 are provided on the opposite sides of the two bipolar plates 11. The area of ​​the recessed grooves 113 is more than 80% of the area of ​​one side of the bipolar plate 11. The recessed grooves 113 covering 80% of the area significantly reduce the weight of the bipolar plates 11, which is especially beneficial for large fuel cell stacks. In addition, by opening the recessed grooves 113, the heat conduction path from the membrane electrode 12 to the heat dissipation fins 114 is shortened in the thin-walled area, thereby improving the heat conduction rate.

[0029] In this embodiment, the heat dissipation fins 114 are disposed on the wall of the recessed groove 113. The side of the heat dissipation fins 114 away from the inner wall of the recessed groove 113 is flush with the outer wall of the bipolar plate 11. By aligning the top of the heat dissipation fins 114 with the outer wall of the bipolar plate 11, the space of the recessed groove 113 is maximized for fin arrangement without increasing the overall thickness of the stack. This design also effectively avoids collision deformation of the heat dissipation fins 114 during transportation or vibration, thus enhancing structural reliability. Furthermore, it keeps the outer surface of the entire bipolar plate 11 relatively flat, which helps to ensure tight fit between individual battery panels 1 during stack assembly, reducing assembly gaps caused by surface protrusions and lowering contact thermal resistance.

[0030] In this embodiment, inlet and outlet ports 118 are provided on the surface of the bipolar plate 11 and on both the left and right sides of the recessed groove 113. On the opposite side of the inlet and outlet ports 118, multiple inlet and outlet holes 119 communicating with the membrane electrode 12 are provided. Multiple inlet and outlet pipes 7 communicating with the inlet and outlet ports 118 are connected to the surface of one of the end plates 3. Hydrogen and oxygen are injected into the inner sides of the two bipolar plates 11 respectively, so that hydrogen and oxygen can be reacted through the membrane electrode 12.

[0031] It is worth noting that an internal groove 111 for accommodating the membrane electrode 12 is provided on one side of each of the two bipolar plates 11, and the leaf vein-type flow channel groove 112 is provided on the inner wall of the internal groove 111.

[0032] In this embodiment, the air blowing direction of the fan 5 is consistent with the extension direction of the heat sink fins 114. By ensuring that the air blowing direction of the fan 5 is consistent with the extension direction of the heat sink fins 114, it is possible to ensure that the airflow generated by the fan 5 accurately impacts the surface of the heat sink fins 114. The airflow flows at high speed along the fin direction, destroying the boundary layer and improving the heat transfer coefficient. This maximizes the use of airflow to remove heat and avoids the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency caused by mismatch in airflow direction. It enhances the active heat dissipation effect, which can ensure the temperature stability of the fuel cell stack when operating under high load and also allow the fan 5 to achieve the same heat dissipation effect at a lower speed.

[0033] In this embodiment, guide grooves 115 are formed on both the side of the bipolar plate 11 closest to the fan 5 and the side furthest from the fan 5. The extension direction of the guide grooves 115 is consistent with the air blowing direction of the fan 5. The guide grooves 115 on both sides of the bipolar plate 11 closest to and furthest from the fan 5, with their extension direction consistent with the air blowing direction of the fan 5, serve to guide and rectify the airflow. This allows the airflow from the fan 5 to flow more orderly across the surface of the bipolar plate 11, reducing airflow turbulence and eddies, lowering flow resistance, and guiding some airflow to other areas inside the fuel cell stack, further enhancing the overall heat dissipation effect and improving the uniformity of airflow distribution inside the fuel cell stack. Moreover, the guide grooves 115 furthest from the fan 5 can also reduce airflow swirl between the fins, further improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0034] In this embodiment, each of the two bipolar plates 11 has multiple drainage holes 117 connected to the leaf vein-type flow channel grooves 112 on one side, and drainage outlets 116 connected to the multiple drainage holes 117 are formed on the surface of the bipolar plates 11. In the above technical solution, the drainage outlets 116 directly connected to the edge of the bipolar plates 11 by the main vein flow channel 1121 are the collection channels for the water generated by the reaction. During the operation of the fuel cell, the liquid water collected by the capillary flow channel 1122 flows into the main vein through the branch nodes and is then discharged from the system through the drainage holes 117. This design can discharge the water generated during the electrochemical reaction from the stack in a timely manner, thereby preventing water from accumulating in the flow channel, avoiding affecting the diffusion and transport of the reactant gas, ensuring that the electrode surface always maintains a good gas contact state, maintaining the stable and efficient power generation performance of the battery, and also reducing the risk of corrosion caused by water accumulation.

[0035] It should be noted that the drain outlets 116 are interconnected through a through-hole. In addition, a water collection pipe that can connect all the drain outlets 116 is installed on one of the end plates 3. The water collection pipe is connected to the drain pipe 8 below, so as to directly drain away the water produced by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction.

[0036] Preferably, in actual production, a suction pump can also be installed on the drainage pipe 8 to increase the suction force on the water collection pipe, thereby further enhancing the drainage effect.

[0037] In this embodiment, the side of the end plate 3 away from the battery pack is provided with an external heat sink 6. The extension direction of the external heat sink 6 is consistent with the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins 114. This design further expands the overall heat dissipation area of ​​the battery stack. The external heat sink 6 can quickly dissipate the heat conducted from the inside of the battery pack to the end plate 3 into the surrounding environment, serving as a powerful supplement to the internal heat dissipation structure. Especially when the battery stack has a large power and high heat generation, it can effectively reduce the overall temperature of the battery stack and improve the redundancy and reliability of the heat dissipation system.

[0038] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the high-efficiency heat dissipation stack also includes a protective cover 9 that encloses the battery pack. The inner wall of the protective cover 9 is connected to the end plate 3 via a connecting base. The surface of the protective cover 9 has a reserved opening and an exhaust port corresponding to the fan 5. At the same time, the surface of the protective cover 9 also has pipe openings corresponding to the air inlet and outlet pipes 7 and the drain pipe 8, and the inner wall of the pipe openings is sealed.

[0039] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows: When the fuel cell is in operation, hydrogen and oxygen react at the membrane electrode 12 to generate electricity. This process generates a large amount of heat and produces water on the cathode side.

[0040] If the generated water accumulates on the electrode surface, especially in the central area, it will block the gas passage and "suffocate" the reaction. At this time, the capillary channels 1122 on the inner side of the bipolar plate 11, which resemble leaf veins, come into play. These tiny grooves, especially the design that becomes narrower and shallower towards the end, act like a paper towel absorbing water, actively "absorbing" the water droplets on the electrode surface and flowing them into the coarser main drainage channel, namely the main channel 1121. Then, the main drainage channel collects the water into the drain hole 117 and the drain outlet 116, and finally through the water collection pipe and the drain pipe 8. If a suction pump is included, the fuel cell stack can be discharged more quickly to prevent flooding and ensure smooth gas flow.

[0041] At the same time, these fine vein groove networks can cleverly retain a little bit of necessary moisture near the membrane electrode 12, preventing the core proton exchange membrane from cracking and failing due to excessive dryness.

[0042] Furthermore, the heat generated during the reaction is first conducted to the bipolar plate 11, which has a large area of ​​recessed grooves 113. This is not only to reduce weight, but more importantly, it makes the metal in the central area of ​​the bipolar plate 11 thinner. The heat travels through this thin metal layer to the heat dissipation fins 114 on the back side in a shorter and faster path.

[0043] The coolant flowing through the vein-type flow channel 112 also carries away some heat evenly during this process, helping to balance the temperature inside the entire fuel cell stack and preventing certain areas from getting too hot, thereby protecting the membrane electrode 12.

[0044] When heat is rapidly transferred to the serrated heat dissipation fins 114 on the back of the bipolar plate 11, these fins greatly increase the surface area for heat dissipation. Furthermore, after the fan 5 starts, its airflow strictly follows the direction of the fins. This "following the grain" design minimizes air resistance, allowing the fan 5 to easily penetrate the entire fuel cell stack, reducing turbulence and dead zones.

[0045] When the wind blows across the serrated fin surface, it is disrupted and agitated by the serrations, which greatly enhances the heat exchange efficiency between the wind and the heat fins, thus carrying away the heat more quickly.

[0046] There are also airflow channels 115 on both sides of the fuel cell stack, near and far from the fan 5. They act like small tracks to guide the airflow of the fan 5 to flow more orderly and evenly over all the fins, further improving the overall heat dissipation effect, especially taking care of the area far away from the fan 5.

[0047] Finally, heat sinks are also installed on the end plates 3 at both ends of the fuel cell stack, oriented in the same direction as the internal fins. They are responsible for dissipating the heat conducted to the end plates 3, adding another layer of protection to the entire cooling system, especially during high-power operation.

[0048] It should be noted that the top of the heat sink fin 114 is flush with the outer frame of the bipolar plate 11. This maximizes the use of space to arrange the high fins without increasing the thickness of the fuel cell stack, while also protecting the fins from being bent by impact. It also allows the layers of the fuel cell stack to fit together more tightly during assembly, reducing thermal resistance.

[0049] In summary, this fuel cell stack operates efficiently as follows: From the very beginning of the reaction, the internal fine "vein" network automatically draws in and drains water, preventing the electrodes from being "flooded" or the membrane from "drying out," while simultaneously achieving initial temperature balancing. Heat is rapidly conducted to the large serrated fins on the back. Fan 5 powerfully blows air along the direction of the fins; the serrations further enhance the airflow efficiency, and the guide slots 115 ensure more even air distribution, quickly dissipating heat. The end plate 3 heat sinks provide further cooling. The structural design also ensures lightweight, robust, and compact operation. This combined approach allows the fuel cell stack to maintain "cool" and efficient operation even under high loads and high humidity.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack, comprising a battery panel assembly formed by stacking multiple individual battery panels, wherein mounting bolts are provided at each of the four corners of the battery panel assembly, and end plates are provided on both the front and rear sides of the battery panel assembly, with a fan provided on one side of each end plate; characterized in that, The single-cell solar panel includes two bipolar plates, with a membrane electrode disposed between the two bipolar plates. Multiple leaf vein-type flow channels are formed on the opposite side of the two bipolar plates. Each leaf vein-type flow channel includes a main flow channel. Multiple capillary flow channels are formed on both sides of the main flow channel. Serrated heat dissipation fins are formed on the opposite side of the two bipolar plates.

2. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension direction of the leaf vein-shaped flow channel is consistent with the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins.

3. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two bipolar plates each have a recessed groove on their opposite sides, and the recessed groove accounts for more than 80% of the area of ​​one side of the bipolar plate.

4. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation fins are disposed on the wall of the recessed groove, and the side of the heat dissipation fins away from the inner wall of the recessed groove is flush with the outer wall of the bipolar plate.

5. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airflow direction of the fan is consistent with the extension direction of the heat sink fins.

6. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the bipolar plate is provided with guide grooves on both the side closer to the fan and the side farther from the fan, and the extension direction of the guide grooves is consistent with the air blowing direction of the fan.

7. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the two bipolar plates has multiple drainage holes on one side that communicate with the leaf vein-type flow channel groove, and the surface of the bipolar plate has a drainage outlet that communicates with the multiple drainage holes.

8. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capillary channels gradually narrow and become shallower from the end in contact with the main channel toward the end.

9. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each end plate is provided with an external heat sink on the side away from the battery pack, and the extension direction of the external heat sink is consistent with the extension direction of the heat sink fins.

10. The high-efficiency heat dissipation fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a protective cover that encloses the battery pack. The inner wall of the protective cover is connected to the end plate via a connecting base. The surface of the protective cover has a reserved opening and an exhaust port corresponding to the fan.

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