Perovskite solar cell surface defect automatic detection and repair system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic detection, in particular to a perovskite solar cell surface defect automatic detection and repair system and method. The backlight source is arranged on the base to provide transmission illumination, the linear array camera module is driven by the guide rail scanning mechanism to perform linear scanning, and the transmission illumination panoramic image of the surface of the battery is obtained; then, the pinhole position is positioned through an identification module, area data are obtained, and then the depth of the pinhole is accurately measured through a white light interference thickness gauge; and finally, according to the obtained three-dimensional data, the use amount of a solution needing to be repaired is calculated, an injection pump is driven by an execution mechanism to conduct quantitative liquid injection, and meanwhile, a laser annealing head is matched for conducting synchronous annealing treatment on an injection area. Precise positioning of a pinhole is realized through transmission illumination, defect depth information is obtained by adopting a white light interference principle, and quantitative repair is performed based on three-dimensional data, so that the repair process is controllable, measurable and repeatable, and the yield of batteries is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of automated inspection, and in particular to an automated inspection and repair system and method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic field due to their advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility. However, in actual production, due to factors such as solution process defects, interfacial stress mismatch, and unstable chemical composition, pinhole defects are prone to form on the surface of perovskite cells. These defects can lead to a decrease in cell performance, deterioration of mechanical stability, and accelerated cell delamination failure.

[0003] Currently, surface defects in batteries are primarily detected using automated optical inspection systems. These systems employ high-resolution cameras to acquire images of the battery surface, and then use image processing algorithms to identify the location and type of defects. However, for any defects discovered, manual assessment is usually required to determine whether the battery should be scrapped or reworked. Online repair is not feasible, and this situation needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that existing battery surface inspection methods only identify defect location and type and cannot achieve online repair, this application provides an automated detection and repair system and method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells, employing the following technical solution: Firstly, this application provides an automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells, comprising: A reference platform includes a base and a backlight source, wherein the base supports the perovskite cell and provides transmitted light through the backlight source; The vision system includes a line scan camera module and a guide rail scanning mechanism. The guide rail scanning mechanism drives the line scan camera module to perform a linear scan along the surface of the perovskite solar cell, acquires the transmitted light image of the perovskite solar cell, and generates a panoramic image of the cell surface. The recognition module is used to identify the pinhole location coordinates and pinhole area data based on the panoramic image; The thickness measurement module includes a white light interferometer for measuring the depth data of the pinhole based on the pinhole position coordinates. The repair module includes an injection pump and a laser annealing head. The injection pump injects repair solution based on the amount of repair solution calculated from the pinhole area data and pinhole depth data. The laser annealing head performs synchronous annealing on the injected area. An actuator is used to drive the thickness measuring module and the repair module to perform measurement and repair operations based on the pinhole position coordinates.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, this application sets a backlight source on the base to provide transmitted light illumination. A guide rail scanning mechanism drives a linear array camera module to perform linear scanning to obtain a panoramic image of the battery surface under transmitted light illumination. Subsequently, the pinhole location is located and the area data is obtained through an identification module. Then, a white light interferometric thickness gauge is used to accurately measure the pinhole depth. Finally, based on the acquired three-dimensional data, the required amount of repair solution is calculated, and an actuator drives an injection pump to inject a quantitative amount of solution. At the same time, a laser annealing head is used to perform synchronous annealing treatment on the injected area. The pinhole is accurately located through transmitted light illumination, the defect depth information is obtained using the principle of white light interferometry, and quantitative repair is performed based on three-dimensional data. This makes the repair process controllable, measurable, and repeatable, effectively improving the battery yield.

[0006] Optionally, the repair module includes: The solution volume calculation unit is used to calculate the hole volume based on the pinhole area data and the pinhole depth data; the repair volume determination unit is used to determine the repair solution volume based on the product of the hole volume and the proportional coefficient, wherein the proportional coefficient is obtained by matching the current perovskite solution concentration value in a preset compensation parameter database, and the compensation parameter database stores the proportional coefficients corresponding to different perovskite solution concentration values.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, this application first converts the area and depth data of the pinhole into the actual pore volume through the solution dosage calculation unit. Then, based on the concentration value of the perovskite solution currently used, it matches the corresponding proportional coefficient in a pre-established compensation parameter database. By multiplying the pore volume by the proportional coefficient, the final required amount of repair solution is obtained. The database stores the proportional coefficients corresponding to different concentration values. These coefficients are compensation parameters obtained through extensive experimental verification. Taking into account the influence of solution concentration on the repair effect, the database realizes intelligent matching of repair dosage, which significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the repair.

[0008] Optionally, the repair module further includes: The annealing parameter determination unit is used to determine the annealing time of the laser annealing head based on the product of the amount of the repair solution and the annealing time coefficient. The annealing time coefficient is obtained by matching the input perovskite material composition information with a preset annealing parameter database. The annealing parameter database stores annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material compositions.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, this application first receives the specific composition information of the perovskite material through the annealing parameter determination unit, matches the corresponding annealing time coefficient from the preset annealing parameter database, and multiplies it by the amount of repair solution to obtain the final annealing time. The annealing parameter database stores the annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material compositions. These coefficients fully consider the thermal stability, crystallization kinetics and other characteristics of the material. The database enables precise matching of annealing parameters, allowing the annealing process to be adaptively adjusted according to the material characteristics. This ensures sufficient crystallization in the repaired area and avoids material decomposition caused by over-annealing, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of the repair quality.

[0010] Optionally, the backlight source is embedded in the base and arranged parallel to the placement plane of the perovskite solar cell to provide uniform transmitted light.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the backlight source is fixed in the base through a processed embedding groove. The parallelism between the light-emitting surface of the source and the battery placement plane is ensured by the mechanical structure, which improves the vibration resistance and forms a uniform transmitted light field below the perovskite battery. By eliminating the illumination non-uniformity caused by the tilt and distance variation of the source, it is ensured that the transmitted light passes through the pinhole area uniformly in the vertical direction, so that the pinhole presents a clear outline and stable grayscale characteristics in the image, providing a reliable image data basis for subsequent defect identification and localization.

[0012] Optionally, the vision system includes two line-scan camera modules, used to acquire partial transmitted light images of the perovskite solar cell surface respectively, and to stitch the partial transmitted light images together to generate the panoramic image.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, two linear array camera modules are responsible for acquiring images of different areas on the surface of the perovskite solar cell. In specific implementation, the two camera modules move synchronously along the guide rail and each acquires images of a portion of the surface of the solar cell. The acquired images are seamlessly merged into a complete panoramic image through an image stitching algorithm, which avoids edge distortion and improves detection efficiency through parallel acquisition.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides an automated method for detecting and repairing surface defects in perovskite solar cells, comprising the following steps: The perovskite solar cell is placed on a base and illuminated by a backlight source; The guide rail scanning mechanism drives the linear array camera module to perform a linear scan along the surface of the perovskite cell, thereby acquiring the transmitted light image of the perovskite cell and generating a panoramic image of the cell surface. The pinhole location coordinates and pinhole area data are identified based on the panoramic image. Measure the depth data of the pinhole based on the pinhole location coordinates; The amount of repair solution used is calculated based on the pinhole area data and the pinhole depth data. The actuator drives the injection pump to inject the repair solution according to the required amount, and drives the laser annealing head to perform synchronous annealing on the injected area.

[0015] Optionally, the amount of repair solution used can be calculated based on the pinhole area data and the pinhole depth data, specifically including the following steps: The volume of the hole is calculated based on the area data and depth data of the pinhole. The proportional coefficient is obtained by matching the current concentration value of the perovskite solution with a preset compensation parameter database, which stores the proportional coefficients corresponding to different perovskite solution concentration values. The amount of repair solution is obtained by multiplying the volume of the pore by the proportionality coefficient.

[0016] Optionally, the laser annealing head is driven to simultaneously anneal the injected area, specifically including the following steps: The annealing time coefficient is obtained by matching the input perovskite material composition information with the preset annealing parameter database, which stores the annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material compositions. The annealing time is obtained by multiplying the amount of the repair solution by the annealing time coefficient. The laser annealing head is controlled to perform annealing according to the annealing time.

[0017] Optionally, the transmitted light image of the perovskite solar cell is acquired using a linear scan camera module, specifically including the following steps: Two linear array camera modules were used to acquire partial transmitted light images of the surface of the perovskite solar cell. The obtained partial transmitted light images are stitched together to generate the panoramic image.

[0018] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application uses a backlight source on the base to provide transmitted light, and a guide rail scanning mechanism drives a linear scan camera module to perform linear scanning to acquire a panoramic image of the battery surface under transmitted light. Then, a recognition module locates the pinhole position and acquires area data, followed by a white light interferometric thickness gauge to accurately measure the pinhole depth. Finally, based on the acquired three-dimensional data, the required repair solution volume is calculated, and an actuator drives an injection pump to inject a quantitative amount of solution, while a laser annealing head simultaneously anneals the injected area. Precise pinhole positioning is achieved through transmitted light, defect depth information is obtained using the white light interferometry principle, and quantitative repair is performed based on three-dimensional data, making the repair process controllable, measurable, and repeatable, effectively improving the battery yield. 2. This application first converts the pinhole area and depth data into actual hole volume using a solution volume calculation unit. Then, based on the concentration of the currently used perovskite solution, a corresponding proportional coefficient is matched in a pre-established compensation parameter database, and the hole volume is calculated. Multiplying the product by the proportionality coefficient yields the final required amount of repair solution. The database stores proportionality coefficients corresponding to different concentration values; these coefficients are compensation parameters obtained through extensive experimental verification. Considering the influence of solution concentration on the repair effect, intelligent matching of repair dosage is achieved through the database, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the repair. 3. This application first receives the specific component information of the perovskite material through the annealing parameter determination unit, matches the corresponding annealing time coefficient from the preset annealing parameter database, and multiplies it by the repair solution dosage to obtain the final annealing time. The annealing parameter database stores annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material components; these coefficients fully consider the material's thermal stability, crystallization kinetics, and other characteristics. Precise matching of annealing parameters is achieved through the database, enabling the annealing process to adaptively adjust according to material characteristics, ensuring sufficient crystallization in the repair area while avoiding material decomposition caused by over-annealing, thus improving the uniformity and stability of the repair quality. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view of the automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a side view of the automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a panoramic image obtained by the vision system in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of pinhole information identified by the identification module in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the automated detection and repair method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The terminology used in the following embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application refers to any or all possible combinations including one or more of the listed items.

[0021] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0022] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Firstly, this application provides an automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system comprises a reference platform, a vision system, a recognition module, a thickness measurement module, a repair module, and an actuator. The reference platform includes a base and a backlight source. The base is made of marble and has a sample placement area on top to support the perovskite solar cell to be inspected. The backlight source uses a white LED array, embedded inside the base and parallel to the plane of the perovskite solar cell, to provide uniform transmitted light. The emitting area of ​​the backlight source is slightly larger than the sample placement area to ensure uniform illumination across the entire inspection area. The vision system includes two linear scan camera modules and a guide rail scanning mechanism. The linear scan camera modules are fixed to the guide rail scanning mechanism by brackets, maintaining a preset distance from the sample surface during scanning. The two linear scan camera modules respectively acquire partial transmitted light images of the perovskite solar cell surface, eliminate distortion, and stitch the partial transmitted light images together to generate a panoramic image.

[0024] The identification module is a barcode scanner, which binds the battery ID to the detection data to achieve data traceability and identifies the pinhole location coordinates and area data based on panoramic images. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 A panoramic image obtained by a vision system. Figure 4To identify the pinhole information identified by the module, the position coordinates and pinhole area data are obtained. The thickness measurement module includes a non-contact white light interferometric thickness gauge and an XYZ three-axis servo positioning system. The actuator, i.e., the robotic arm, positions the thickness gauge to the pinhole and, based on the pinhole position coordinates, performs in-situ measurement of the hole depth using white light interferometry.

[0025] The repair module includes a precision injection pump with a flow meter and an adjustable power laser annealing head. Both are driven by actuators. The injection pump injects a quantitative amount of repair solution calculated based on the pinhole area and pinhole depth data. The laser annealing head performs localized synchronous annealing on the injected area.

[0026] The entire system's workflow is as follows: First, the perovskite solar cell is placed on the base, and the backlight source is activated to provide transmitted light. The guide rail scanning mechanism drives the linear scan camera module to scan at a preset speed, acquiring images of the transmitted light. The recognition module identifies the images, obtaining pinhole location and area information. The actuator drives the thickness gauge to the pinhole location to measure the depth, and then drives the injection pump and laser annealing head to complete the repair operation.

[0027] Furthermore, this system also includes an adaptive illumination compensation unit for real-time adjustment of the backlight source's emission parameters. Specifically, the adaptive illumination compensation unit includes a light intensity sensor array and a light source controller. The light intensity sensor array is uniformly distributed along the edge of the sample placement area, monitoring the transmitted light intensity distribution in real time. When a local light intensity deviation is detected to exceed a preset threshold, the light source controller automatically adjusts the emission intensity of the corresponding LED array to ensure the uniformity of the transmitted light field across the entire detection area. For example, when the light intensity in the edge area is more than 5% lower than that in the center area, the system automatically increases the driving current of the LEDs in that area. This dynamic compensation mechanism effectively solves the problem of uneven illumination in large-area sample detection, improving the accuracy of pinhole identification. Simultaneously, the light intensity sensor array can also monitor changes in the overall transmittance of the perovskite thin film. When an abnormal transmittance is detected in a certain area of ​​the sample, the system automatically marks that area and focuses on its detection, enabling early detection of potential material degradation or large-area defects, thus improving the system's detection efficiency and reliability.

[0028] In one embodiment, the repair module further includes a solution volume calculation unit, a repair volume determination unit, and an annealing parameter determination unit. The solution volume calculation unit calculates the solution volume based on the pore area S. pinholes Multiply by the film thickness D pinholes Calculate the volume V of the hole pinholes V pinholes =S pinholes *D pinholesThe repair volume determination unit connects to a preset compensation parameter database, which stores the proportionality coefficients corresponding to perovskite solutions of different concentrations. Taking the MAPbI3 system as an example, the database records proportionality coefficient values ​​between 0.5 and 1.5 for each 0.1M interval within a concentration range. Specific coefficient values ​​are obtained experimentally; for example, the proportionality coefficient for a 0.8M solution is 1.2, meaning that 1.2 times the pinhole volume of solution needs to be injected to achieve complete filling. The system queries the database based on the currently used solution concentration to obtain the corresponding proportionality coefficient 'a'. The final repair solution volume is equal to the product of the pinhole volume and the proportionality coefficient, V = a * V. pinholes .

[0029] The annealing parameter determination unit is connected to a preset annealing parameter database, which stores the annealing time coefficients and power densities corresponding to different perovskite material systems. Taking a common perovskite material as an example, the annealing time coefficient of MAPbI3 ranges from 0.1 to 100. The system retrieves the corresponding annealing time coefficient b from the database based on the input material composition information, multiplies it by the amount of repair solution V, and obtains the final annealing time T. annealing =V*b*P laser , where P laser To determine the laser power density based on the light absorption characteristics of perovskite materials, the laser wavelength used in this embodiment is preferably between 440 and 460 nm, which is the high absorption band of perovskite. The power density is optimized in conjunction with the wavelength; for example, if the wavelength is adjusted from 450 nm to 500 nm, the power density needs to be increased to compensate for insufficient energy. The laser source automatically adjusts the spot size according to the hole area to ensure uniform annealing throughout the hole area while avoiding thermal damage to the substrate or other functional layers.

[0030] Furthermore, for optimizing the proportioning coefficient, the system considers not only the solution concentration but also the solvent component ratio and precursor ratio. For example, in the MAPbI3 system, when using a DMF / DMSO mixed solvent, the following correction formula was established: Corrected proportioning coefficient = Baseline proportioning coefficient × [1 + α(VDMSO / VDMF-0.15)] × [1 + β(PbI2 / MAI-1)]; where α and β are experimentally obtained correction coefficients, reflecting the effects of solvent ratio and precursor ratio on film formation, respectively. When the DMSO ratio increases, the injection volume is appropriately increased due to its strong coordination effect; when the PbI2 / MAI ratio deviates from the stoichiometric ratio, the proportioning coefficient is also adjusted accordingly, where PbI2 / MAI is the molar ratio of lead iodide to methylamine iodine.

[0031] Secondly, refer to Figure 5This application provides an automated detection and repair method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells. The automated detection and repair method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells of this application will be described below in conjunction with the aforementioned automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells.

[0032] Reference Figure 5 An automated detection and repair method for surface defects of perovskite solar cells includes the following steps: S510, placing the perovskite solar cell on a base and providing transmitted light through a backlight source.

[0033] The S520 uses a guide rail scanning mechanism to drive a linear scan camera module to perform a linear scan along the surface of the perovskite solar cell, acquiring the transmitted light image of the perovskite solar cell and generating a panoramic image of the cell surface.

[0034] Specifically, two line scan camera modules are used to acquire partial transmitted light images of the perovskite cell surface; then the obtained partial transmitted light images are stitched together to generate a panoramic image.

[0035] S530: Identify pinhole location coordinates and pinhole area data based on panoramic images.

[0036] S540. Measure the depth data of the pinhole based on the pinhole location coordinates.

[0037] S550: The amount of repair solution required is calculated based on the pinhole area and pinhole depth data.

[0038] Specifically, the system first calculates the pore volume based on the pinhole area and pinhole depth data; then, it matches the current perovskite solution concentration value with a preset compensation parameter database to obtain a proportional coefficient, which stores proportional coefficients corresponding to different perovskite solution concentration values; finally, it multiplies the pore volume by the proportional coefficient to obtain the amount of repair solution needed.

[0039] S560: The actuator drives the injection pump to inject the repair solution according to the required amount, and drives the laser annealing head to perform synchronous annealing on the injected area.

[0040] Specifically, the system first matches the input perovskite material composition information with the preset annealing parameter database to obtain the annealing time coefficient. The annealing parameter database stores the annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material compositions. Then, the amount of repair solution is multiplied by the annealing time coefficient to obtain the annealing time. Finally, the laser annealing head is controlled to perform annealing according to the annealing time.

[0041] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0042] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, include: A reference platform includes a base and a backlight source, wherein the base supports the perovskite cell and provides transmitted light through the backlight source; The vision system includes a line scan camera module and a guide rail scanning mechanism. The guide rail scanning mechanism drives the line scan camera module to perform a linear scan along the surface of the perovskite solar cell, acquires the transmitted light image of the perovskite solar cell, and generates a panoramic image of the cell surface. The recognition module is used to identify the pinhole location coordinates and pinhole area data based on the panoramic image; The thickness measurement module includes a white light interferometer for measuring the depth data of the pinhole based on the pinhole position coordinates. The repair module includes an injection pump and a laser annealing head. The injection pump injects repair solution based on the amount of repair solution calculated from the pinhole area data and pinhole depth data. The laser annealing head performs synchronous annealing on the injected area. An actuator is used to drive the thickness measuring module and the repair module to perform measurement and repair operations based on the pinhole position coordinates.

2. The automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repair module includes: A solution volume calculation unit is used to calculate the hole volume based on the pinhole area data and the pinhole depth data. The repair volume determination unit is used to determine the amount of repair solution to be used based on the product of the pore volume and the proportional coefficient. The proportional coefficient is obtained by matching the current concentration value of the perovskite solution in a preset compensation parameter database, which stores the proportional coefficients corresponding to different concentration values ​​of perovskite solutions.

3. The automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The repair module also includes: The annealing parameter determination unit is used to determine the annealing time of the laser annealing head based on the product of the amount of the repair solution and the annealing time coefficient. The annealing time coefficient is obtained by matching the input perovskite material composition information with a preset annealing parameter database. The annealing parameter database stores annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material compositions.

4. The automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backlight source is embedded in the base and arranged parallel to the placement plane of the perovskite solar cell to provide uniform transmitted light.

5. The automated detection and repair system for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vision system includes two linear camera modules, which are used to acquire partial transmitted light images of the perovskite solar cell surface, and stitch the partial transmitted light images together to generate the panoramic image.

6. An automated method for detecting and repairing surface defects in perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The perovskite solar cell is placed on a base and illuminated by a backlight source; The guide rail scanning mechanism drives the linear array camera module to perform a linear scan along the surface of the perovskite cell, thereby acquiring the transmitted light image of the perovskite cell and generating a panoramic image of the cell surface. The pinhole location coordinates and pinhole area data are identified based on the panoramic image. Measure the depth data of the pinhole based on the pinhole location coordinates; The amount of repair solution used is calculated based on the pinhole area data and the pinhole depth data. The actuator drives the injection pump to inject the repair solution according to the required amount, and drives the laser annealing head to perform synchronous annealing on the injected area.

7. The automated detection and repair method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of repair solution is calculated based on the pinhole area data and the pinhole depth data, specifically including the following steps: The volume of the hole is calculated based on the area data and depth data of the pinhole. The proportional coefficient is obtained by matching the current concentration value of the perovskite solution with a preset compensation parameter database, which stores the proportional coefficients corresponding to different perovskite solution concentration values. The amount of repair solution is obtained by multiplying the volume of the pore by the proportionality coefficient.

8. The automated detection and repair method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The laser annealing head is driven to perform synchronous annealing on the injection area, which specifically includes the following steps: The annealing time coefficient is obtained by matching the input perovskite material composition information with the preset annealing parameter database, which stores the annealing time coefficients corresponding to different perovskite material compositions. The annealing time is obtained by multiplying the amount of the repair solution by the annealing time coefficient. The laser annealing head is controlled to perform annealing according to the annealing time.

9. The automated detection and repair method for surface defects in perovskite solar cells according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of acquiring transmitted light images of the perovskite solar cell using a linear scan camera module includes the following steps: Two linear array camera modules were used to acquire partial transmitted light images of the surface of the perovskite solar cell. The obtained partial transmitted light images are stitched together to generate the panoramic image.

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