Method for producing high temperature resistant unitary joint

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a high-temperature-resistant, temperature-resistant integral bond (100) between a conductor element (1) and a connecting part (2), comprising the following steps:-providing the conductor element (1),-providing the connecting part (2) having a guide (21), in particular a cylindrical shape, for receiving the conductor element (1),-providing the conductor element (1),-providing the connecting part (2), providing an annular element (3); inserting the conductor element (1) into the guide (21), the conductor element (1) inserted into the guide (21), the ring element (3) and the connecting part (2) being arranged relative to one another such that the ring element (3) abuts against both:-a first joining surface (41) of the outer housing (4)-a second joining surface (22) of the connecting part (2),-joining by means of a thermal joining process, during the joining process, the ring element (3) is completely melted and an integral bond (100) is produced between the conductor element (1) and the connecting part (2).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for producing a high-temperature resistant internal bond between a conductor element and a connecting component, particularly a bond resistant to temperatures of at least 380°C, preferably at least 700°C. Furthermore, this invention relates to high-temperature resistant components, particularly components resistant to temperatures of at least 380°C, preferably at least 700°C. Background Technology

[0002] So-called mineral-insulated sheathed cables (also known as mineral-insulated cables or mineral-insulated wires, abbreviated as MI wires or MIL) are used to construct field devices in automation technologies, particularly industrial temperature measurement devices or their process-related components for recording process variables at high temperatures. These are specifically designed for high-temperature use and are typically exposed to corrosion and mechanical stress when used as intended. In addition to the aforementioned uses in temperature measurement technology, MI wires are also used in signaling and / or heating technologies.

[0003] MI wire typically comprises a tubular element with an outer shell, within which inner conductors (typically 1 to 8) extend, particularly parallel to a cylindrical axis of the outer shell. The outer shell is typically made of metal (e.g., stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, copper, etc.) and has an outer diameter ranging from 0.5 to 10.0 mm. The inner conductors are insulated from the outer shell and, if necessary, insulated from each other by means of a compact insulating material, for example, by pressing in metal oxide powder, particularly highly compressed metal oxide powder, such as MgO, Al2O3, SiO2. Depending on the type of MI wire, the inner conductors can have different diameters. Depending on the type of powder, it can have varying hygroscopicity and / or density, varying particle size, varying degrees of dryness, and / or may contain chemically bound (residual) water.

[0004] Then, for example, when constructing a thermometer measuring insert, such a conductor element is cut to an appropriate length, and the internal conductor is exposed for a certain length. The corresponding temperature sensor element is then soldered or welded into a two-, three-, or four-wire circuit. The internal conductor is made of, for example, a thermally conductive material (when the MI line is used as the connection wire for the thermocouple of the temperature sensor element) or of a Cu-Ni or Ni-Cr alloy, Ni-plated copper, Ni, or Cu (when the MI line is used as the connection wire for the PTC thermistor (e.g., Pt100) of the temperature sensor element).

[0005] The outer housing is also typically joined to the connecting component, particularly the metal component, by means of an additional bond. The connecting component has guides, such as holes designed to push the conductor element into them. Connecting the MI line to the connecting component by means of this additional integral bond enables the installation of the MI line in technical systems, particularly process systems in automated technologies, for example, for temperature measurement. Technical systems typically include containers, such as (pressure) vessels, silos, pipelines, etc., in which a medium, such as a fluid (gas, liquid) or solid substance, is disposed. Therefore, this (further) bonding serves the purpose of mechanically connecting the conductor element to the connecting component, and specifically avoids (also prevents) electrical contact between the conductor element and the connecting component. Therefore, the bonding should be designed to be sealing against the medium.

[0006] Various joining techniques are known from the prior art for achieving the aforementioned, particularly non-removable, connection between mineral-insulated sheathed cables and connecting components. The connection typically involves frictional engagement and / or integration. A particular challenge, especially for high-temperature applications, is that the MI cable components (outer shell, insulation material, inner conductor) and, if applicable, the connecting components, comprise different materials and therefore have different physical properties, particularly heat capacity and thermal conductivity.

[0007] Frictional contact bonding involves curling, for example, where the connecting component is pushed onto and overlaps the MI line. The connecting component deforms, particularly extrudes, at several points on the two mating partners within the overlapping area (also: the circumference). In this way, both different (MI lines and connecting components composed of different base materials) and similar (MI lines and connecting components composed of the same or very similar base materials) material combinations can be joined. This purely frictional contact bonding has the following disadvantages:

[0008] Depending on the degree / type of deformation at the curling point, one or more gaps may form, which can cause corrosion at the joint when in contact with the process medium. As a result, the joint may no longer be sufficiently tight with the medium, and in particular, no longer sufficiently airtight.

[0009] - During the coiling process, the connection points are crushed, which causes deformation of the MI wire. This can result in non-compliance with required specifications, especially according to the corresponding standards such as IEC 61515 and / or ASTM E585 / E585M, for example, regarding the minimum distance between inner conductors and / or between inner conductors and the outer housing.

[0010] Integral joining includes gluing, brazing, and welding, although thermal processes are generally preferred. The heat supplied during welding is typically much greater than that in brazing. With brazing, the two joining bodies typically remain in the solid phase and do not melt. Brazing is primarily based on a diffusion process and requires the addition of a brazing filler metal, where the liquidus temperature is below the solidus temperature of the joining bodies and has a different chemical composition. For example, a joining gap is provided between the MI line and the connecting component, into which the brazing filler metal can flow during brazing. The brazing filler metal is typically supplied in the form of wire, brazing filler metal preforms, or slurry. In this way, similar and dissimilar material combinations can be combined. Brazing between the MI line and the connecting component requires special surface preparation, such as the use of flux, to enable wetting of the surface to be wetted with the brazing filler metal. Brazing is used for smaller MI lines, especially for dissimilar base material combinations or as an alternative to laser welding for similar base material combinations and smaller dimensions. The brazing processes known from the prior art for producing integral joins between MI lines and connecting components have the following disadvantages:

[0011] - Hole formation: Existing brazing joints often have holes (inside) or holes that open to the surface, which then compromise the strength of the connection or lead to leaks.

[0012] Many brazing joints known in the prior art are unsuitable for use in high-temperature ranges because the remelting temperature of the brazing joint typically corresponds to the liquidus temperature. In such cases, at operating temperatures above the liquidus temperature, the connection between the MI line and the connecting components may become leaky or even loose.

[0013] With or without filler material, welding creates a permanent, integral bond through the application of heat (fusion welding) and / or pressure (pressure welding). Fusion welding is commonly used to connect MI lines to connecting components, particularly arc welding (TIG welding, (micro)plasma welding) and beam welding (laser beam welding). In fusion welding, heat is supplied from the outside until the base material melts and, if applicable, the filler material melts.

[0014] Weld filler materials can initially make welding easier or even possible, where welding is not necessarily performed with filler material in cases of similar base material combinations, while welding is typically performed with filler material in cases of dissimilar base material combinations. The choice of filler material is then based on the more inert (higher alloy) base material of the two joining bodies. The filler material used to join the MI line to the connecting parts is typically fed to the arc or beam at the weld line in the form of a rod (e.g., manual TIG welding, manual (micro)plasma welding, manual laser beam welding) or a wire (mechanized and automated arc welding processes (e.g., TIG, MIG / MAG, laser beam processes, electron beam processes)). The diameter of the rod or wire is selected relative to the wall thickness to be welded (MI line and connecting parts) and the desired weld thickness. For smaller wall thicknesses (and diameters), thinner filler (<0.5 mm) must be used due to process control and stability. These materials are either available as special sizes or not commercially available. Weld filler material can be added to the weld point in powder form. It melts completely, mixes with the two molten zones of the MI wire and the connecting component, and forms a weld pool. The weld pool solidifies (drops below the solidus temperature) to form a weld. In the manual welding process described above, the two mating bodies do not move (rotate) during welding. In the mechanized / automatic welding process described above, the two mating bodies rotate mechanically or manually. Welding processes are typically used for medium and large MI wires (e.g., diameter >= 5.0 mm) because welding processes with these sizes can be implemented slightly more stably due to controlled heat input. Control of the heat input (welding energy) is crucial during the process when welding MI wires to connecting components.

[0015] The fusion welding (arc welding, beam welding) of MI wires and connecting components (with or without similar base material combinations, with or without weld filler material, manual or automatic) often results in irregular welds. Weld quality can vary, and in extreme cases, can even lead to damage to the outer shell of the MI wire during welding, burn-through, and / or the formation of openings extending to the surface. This is due to the different properties of the MI wires, such as variations in the outer shell thickness along the entire length of the MI wire due to manufacturing processes and / or the aforementioned differences in heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the properties of the insulation material, such as grain size, density (compaction degree), powder purity, and (residual) water content, vary depending on the size, type, and / or manufacturer of the insulation material or the MI wire. All these parameters affect the stability of the welding process. Additionally, MI wires typically must be heated in an oven before welding to remove or sufficiently reduce the residual water content from the insulation material. Therefore, when joining MI lines and connecting components, it is important to ensure that the two mating bodies have a tight tolerance fit before welding, making the gap between them as small as possible to facilitate control of the welding process, especially regarding locally introduced heat (heat conduction). The air in the gap acts as a thermal insulator. Furthermore, an excessively large gap can lead to cracks in the root region of the weld; these are unacceptable and should be avoided in principle. When using weld filler material, precise filler material feeding (the position of the filler material to the weld line) must be carefully observed to avoid potential (generally unacceptable) irregularities in the welded joint (e.g., lack of fusion, burn-through through the MI line, over-arching / under-arching of the root in the butt weld, over-arching of the over-weld, etc.). Additionally, the thickness (diameter) of the filler material must be adapted to the relatively small MI line (small outer diameter, low shell thickness) and the dimensions of the connecting components, as well as the required weld thickness. The available sizes of welding filler materials (rods, welding wires, welding wire electrodes, etc.) are standardized (EN ISO 544); smaller diameters (<0.5 mm) are either not available at all, or are only available as custom products upon request (usually in small quantities, and therefore correspondingly more expensive). Summary of the Invention

[0016] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved joining method that does not have the disadvantages of the aforementioned joining methods or at least greatly reduces the disadvantages. The joining process should be independent of the geometry and physical properties of the MI line and the connecting components, and is suitable for arc and beam welding, and particularly suitable for combinations of dissimilar and similar substrates and all common weld types (fillet welds, butt welds, bead welds, etc.).

[0017] The object of the present invention is achieved by a method for producing a high-temperature resistant integral bonding component and a high-temperature resistant assembly having an integral bonding component between a conductor element and a connecting component.

[0018] Regarding this method, the objective is to produce a high-temperature resistant integral joint between a conductor element and a connecting component, particularly resistant to temperatures at at least 380°C, preferably at least 700°C, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] - Provide conductor elements, including:

[0020] --A tubular element with an outer casing, particularly a metal outer casing;

[0021] --At least one internal conductor, particularly at least two internal conductors, arranged within a tubular element;

[0022] --Insulating material, which is arranged inside the tubular element and serves to electrically insulate at least the tubular element from at least one internal conductor;

[0023] - Provide connecting parts, particularly metal at least in the area, the connecting parts having guides for receiving conductor elements, particularly cylindrical guides;

[0024] - Provides ring-shaped elements;

[0025] - Insert the conductor element into the guide.

[0026] In this arrangement, the conductor element, the ring element, and the connecting component inserted into the guide are arranged relative to each other such that the ring element abuts against the following two:

[0027] --The first mating surface of the outer housing, particularly the end face and / or surface of the outer housing, and

[0028] --The second, particularly metallic, mating surface of the connecting component, particularly the end face of the connecting component or the surface of the housing, particularly the housing surface that is at least partially cylindrical;

[0029] - The bonding is achieved by means of a thermal bonding process, during which the annular element is completely melted and the integral joint is produced, in particular, in the form of an annular circular seam between the conductor element and the connecting part.

[0030] The connectors produced by means of the method according to the invention are particularly low-end and are only used for mechanical connections between conductor elements and connecting parts, and are generally not used for the production of electrical connections between internal conductors and connecting elements.

[0031] The connecting component is, for example, one of the following: (threaded) connection, bracket or fastener, sleeve.

[0032] Metal fasteners particularly include at least one of the following: stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, copper, or copper alloys.

[0033] Combinations can be of different types or the same type.

[0034] The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the controlled and complete melting of the annular element creates a complete and defect-free (annular) joint that is also resistant to high temperatures.

[0035] In one embodiment of the method, the joining process includes brazing, and during brazing, an annular element is used as a preform for lead-free solder, in particular, so that the brazed connector is produced as an integral joint.

[0036] Brazing preforms are made, for example, of composite materials comprising a first composite component made of a brazing alloy, particularly based on indium (In) or tin (Sn), arranged within a metal matrix forming a second composite component. The second composite component is a metal with a high melting temperature, such as copper or silver, or a metal mentioned in the scientific article cited below. The brazing alloy is arranged in layers / layers within the metal matrix. The brazing preform is preferably oriented during brazing such that the layers or coatings are arranged substantially parallel to the two joining surfaces of the two mating bodies. The brazing preform is characterized by the formation of an intermetallic phase during brazing, extending along the layers of the brazing alloy. Due to the layered structure of the brazing preform, the intermetallic phase is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the joining surfaces, meaning that the brazed joint produced with it exhibits excellent mechanical strength and high-temperature resistance. Such preformed solderable components are described in DE 10 2018 116 410 A1, DE10 2019 122 611 A1, or the scientific article “Preform-based diffusion soldering for use under conventional soldering process parameters” by HM Daoud et al. (European Conference on Microelectronics and Packaging (EMPC) & Exhition, DOI10.23919 / EMPC.2017.8346889), and by Pfarr under the name Manufacturing and distribution. Although the low liquidus temperature of the brazed preforms is below 250°C, it is used... The brazing joints in the production of brazed preforms are high-temperature resistant. For example, using... The brazing preform (with a tin-containing solder alloy) produces brazing joints with a temperature resistance of at least 400°C, which is much higher than the aforementioned liquidus temperature. Therefore, such a brazing preform is preferably used in this embodiment to form a ring-shaped element.

[0037] In one embodiment of the method, the joining process includes welding, wherein during welding, an annular element is used as a weld filler material, such that the welded joint is produced as an integral joint.

[0038] Therefore, in this embodiment, it is preferable that no other welding filler material is needed, thereby avoiding the disadvantages mentioned earlier.

[0039] Whether using (soft / hard) brazing or welding as a thermal bonding process, ring-shaped components produce well-controlled and complete joints, especially in the form of a ring-shaped circular seam.

[0040] In one embodiment of the method, a mononuclear or multinuclear mineral-insulating conductor (MIL) is used as the conductor element.

[0041] In one embodiment of the method, the annular element, the first mating surface, and the second mating surface are metals, and wherein the annular element is at least as high an alloy as the higher alloy of the two mating surfaces, or even higher, wherein the annular element is particularly composed of a nickel-based alloy or stainless steel. This configuration is particularly preferred for joining processes that include welding.

[0042] In one embodiment of the method, the annular element includes a body, wherein the body is designed as a body of revolution such that it is (imaginary) rotated by a (imaginary) cross-sectional region (QF) about a (imaginary) axis of rotation (RA), particularly having an angle less than or at most equal to 360°, wherein the axis of rotation (RA) lies in the plane having the cross-sectional region (QF) and does not intersect with the cross-sectional region (QF), wherein the distance (AB) between the axis of rotation (RA) and the center point of the cross-sectional region is greater than the diameter (DM) of the cross-sectional region, and wherein, in particular, the cross-sectional region is circular, elliptical, circular, angular, triangular or rectangular.

[0043] For example, if the cross-section is circular and the rotation angle is 360°, then the annulus is solid.

[0044] In one embodiment of the method,

[0045] - The diameter D of the cross-sectional region is at least 0.05 times, particularly 0.1 times, the wall thickness of the outer shell, and / or

[0046] - The diameter of the cross-sectional region is at most the same as the wall thickness of the outer shell, and in particular less than 0.5 times the wall thickness, and / or

[0047] - The distance should be at least three times the diameter, and in particular at least five times.

[0048] In one embodiment of the method, the conductor element and the ring element are arranged relative to each other before being joined, such that the imaginary axis of rotation substantially coincides with the cylindrical axis of the conductor element.

[0049] In one embodiment of the method, the annular element is manufactured as a separate element prior to engagement and is subsequently supplied.

[0050] In one embodiment of the method, the annular element is placed, in particular pushed, onto the housing surface of the outer housing and / or the housing surface of the connecting component before engagement.

[0051] In one embodiment of the method, the annular element has at least one, particularly exactly one, protrusion extending from the inner surface of the annular element, particularly the inner surface facing the axis of rotation, in the direction of the first engagement surface and / or the second engagement surface, and wherein the protrusion has a height in the direction of the first engagement surface and / or the second engagement surface that is at most 0.1 times the diameter, particularly 0.05 times the diameter.

[0052] In one embodiment of the method, the body is designed as a rotating body formed by rotating through an angle of less than 360°, particularly greater than 315°, preferably greater than 350°, so that the body has a gap.

[0053] In one embodiment of the method, this includes the following steps to be performed prior to engagement:

[0054] - Secure the annular element at the predetermined engagement position, particularly on the housing surface of the outer housing and / or the housing surface of the connecting parts;

[0055] - Spot weld the ring element at the joint location, wherein during spot welding, the ring element is only partially melted and only partially integrally connected to the conductor element and / or connecting part, particularly at at least one protrusion serving as the spot weld point.

[0056] If necessary, use tools to secure the ring component before spot welding.

[0057] In one embodiment of the method, prior to engagement, the annular element is press-fitted onto the housing surface of the outer housing and / or the housing surface of the connecting component.

[0058] In one embodiment of the method, the annular element is integrally connected to the connecting component or conductor element during the production of the annular element, such that an assembly comprising the annular element and the connecting component or conductor element integrally connected thereto is obtained prior to bonding. Unlike before, the annular element and one of the two bonding mating parts are no longer separate components, but rather parts of a common assembly already integrally connected to each other. In this case, spot welding can be omitted, for example.

[0059] In a later development, the method includes the following steps performed prior to engagement:

[0060] - A ring element is provided by means of an additive manufacturing process, wherein the ring element is applied directly to a connecting part and / or conductor element at a predetermined joint location by means of an additive manufacturing process during its manufacture, thereby obtaining an assembly including the ring element and the connecting part or conductor element integrally connected thereto prior to the joint.

[0061] In additive manufacturing processes (e.g., 3D printing), selective laser melting, electron beam melting, and / or selective laser sintering are used, for example, according to the standard DIN EN ISO / ASTM 52900:2022-03. Connecting parts and ring elements are also manufactured in a common additive manufacturing process, particularly using different starting materials for the ring elements and connecting parts, if desired.

[0062] In the development of the latter embodiment, the method includes the following steps performed prior to engagement:

[0063] - Provide starting material for the ring element;

[0064] - Provide starting materials for connecting components, particularly stainless steel;

[0065] - In pressure welding processes, especially diffusion welding, the starting material of annular components is initially welded to the starting material of connecting parts.

[0066] The initial assembly is formed during the initial welding of the two starting materials.

[0067] In this process, the thickness of the starting material for the ring element in the pressing direction is less than the thickness of the starting material for the connecting component in the pressing direction, and the pressing direction is perpendicular to the welding surface of the pressure welding process.

[0068] Furthermore, the thickness of the starting material for the annular element in the pressing direction is at most 0.1 times, and particularly at most 0.05 times, the thickness of the starting material for the connecting component; and

[0069] - Manufacturing ring-shaped elements and connecting parts integrally connected thereto from initial components, particularly manufacturing processes of splitting and / or forming main assemblies, especially by means of machining, cutting, turning, drilling, thereby obtaining an assembly comprising ring-shaped elements and connecting parts integrally connected thereto from the initial components before joining.

[0070] In one embodiment of the method, the circular gap between the conductor element and the connecting component is formed as a rounded gap, a butt joint, or a beaded gap.

[0071] In one embodiment of the method, the steps include being performed after the conductor element has been inserted into the guide and before bonding or before spot welding and bonding.

[0072] - The device consisting of conductor elements, connecting parts, and ring elements is clamped in the clamping device.

[0073] - In the case where the clamping device is a rotating device, the rotating device, or

[0074] When using a portable energy source, the energy source used for welding and / or spot welding is rotated around the component during welding and / or spot welding.

[0075] In one embodiment of the method, spot welding and / or welding are performed in a fusion welding process, particularly an arc welding process, especially using a non-consumable electrode or in a beam welding process.

[0076] In one embodiment of the method, the welding does not use any additional welding filler material other than the annular element.

[0077] In one embodiment of the method, the method includes the following steps:

[0078] - An energy source is used during welding, wherein the energy source is directed onto an arrangement consisting of conductor elements, connecting parts and ring elements, such that the energy emitted by the energy source in the direction of the arrangement is absorbed by the ring elements to a large extent, particularly more than 85%.

[0079] This objective is also achieved by high-temperature resistant components, particularly those resistant to temperatures of at least 380°C, preferably at least 700°C, comprising:

[0080] - Conductor elements and connecting components,

[0081] Among them, there is a high-temperature resistant integral bonding component between the conductor element and the connecting parts.

[0082] Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant integral component is manufactured using the method according to the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0083] The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale, wherein the same reference numerals denote the same features. Previously indicated reference numerals will not be repeated in the following drawings for reasons of clarity, or if it seems reasonable for other reasons.

[0084] in:

[0085] Figure 1a )to Figure 1c (This is a different view of the conductor element 1 and the connecting part 2 connected thereto, according to the prior art;)

[0086] Figure 2a )to Figure 2c( ) is a cross-sectional view of the conductor element 1 and the connecting component 2 during the production of the connector 100 according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 3a )and Figure 3b (This is a cross-sectional view of the conductor element 1 and the connecting component 2 during the production of the connector 100 according to another embodiment of the method of the present invention;)

[0088] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the annular element 3 used in an embodiment of the method according to the present invention;

[0089] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the conductor element 1 and the connecting component 2 during the production of the connector 100 according to another embodiment of the method of the present invention; and

[0090] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the connecting member 2 and the annular element 3 integrally connected thereto, according to another embodiment of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0091] Figure 1a This is a side view of a typical design of a conductor element 1 and a connecting member 2 connected thereto, according to the prior art. The conductor element 1 is inserted into a cylindrical guide 21 of the connecting member 2. The connecting member 2 is a threaded metal connection.

[0092] Conductor element 1 is the MI line, such as Figure 1b The cross-sectional view in [reference] is shown in more detail. A plan view of the cross-section of conductor element 1 along the line of section AA is shown; see [reference]. Figure 1a The MI line comprises a metal outer shell 4 and (here: four) inner conductors 5 extending parallel to the outer shell 4. They are insulated from the outer shell 4 by an insulating material 6 (a highly compressed metal oxide powder, such as MgO, Al2SiO3, SiO2). The conductor elements 1 typically have an outer diameter D in the range of 0.5–10.0 mm. The wall thickness WM of the outer shell 4 is typically 5% to 20% of the outer diameter D of the conductor elements 1, for example, 10%, while the wall thickness WM of the outer shell 4 can vary along the entire length of the MI line due to manufacturing and subsequent processes. Figure 1c )yes Figure 1a Details in region B, namely the transition between conductor element 1 and connecting component 2. The housing surface of conductor element 1 meets the end face of connecting component 2 in the region of the assembly to be produced.

[0093] The method according to the invention, explained in more detail below, enables the production of improved couplings in region B. Figure 2a (c) shows a first embodiment of the method according to the invention in more detail. Figure 1c The area already shown in the diagram now contains an annular element 3, which is designed, for example, as a solder preform or solder filler material. The annular element 3 is pushed onto the housing surface of the outer housing 4 of the MI line until a defined engagement position is reached.

[0094] The cross section of the annular element 3 driven by CC along the line is in Figure 2b As shown in the diagram. At the engagement position, the inner surface of the annular element 3 borders the housing surface of the outer housing 4. In this embodiment, the housing surface thus forms the first engagement surface 41.

[0095] Subsequently, it pushes the conductor element 1 with the ring element 3 upward (see Figure 2a The conductor element 1 is pushed into the guide 21 of the connecting member 2 until the connecting member 2 is adjacent to the annular element 3 having an end face 22. The conductor element 1 is cylindrical, wherein the cylindrical axis ZA of the conductor element 1 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the guide 21 of the connecting member 2, and the longitudinal axis of the guide 21 of the connecting member 2 is particularly partially cylindrical.

[0096] The end face 22 of the connecting component 2 serves as the second mating surface 22. With this arrangement, the circular seam 7 is produced in the thermal bonding process as a high-temperature resistant integral joint 100, which, in this embodiment of the method according to the invention, has a rounded seam shape. By means of the high-temperature resistant integral joint 100, an assembly 110 is obtained, comprising integrally interconnected conductor elements 1 and connecting components 2. During the thermal bonding process, the complete melting of the annular element 3 results in a complete and defect-free integral joint 100 resistant to high temperatures. Welding as a heat treatment is preferred because welded joints generally have good high-temperature strength. Of course, the invention also includes a brazing process, wherein in the latter case, the resulting joint 100 must be ensured to be high-temperature resistant by appropriately selecting the brazing preform (although the liquidus temperature of the brazing preform may be low, see the composite brazing preform mentioned above herein). For simplicity, the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail below in conjunction with the welding process, wherein the invention, with necessary modifications, also includes the brazing process.

[0097] For welding, the assembly including conductor element 1, ring element 3, and connecting parts is clamped in clamping device 11 (not shown here - see [link]) depending on the joining position. Figure 5 For example, in the rotating mechanism of the welding device on the connecting part 2 or conductor element 1. For example, clamping is achieved using a three-jaw chuck, a chuck system, or another method. The other side of the assembly is supported on the conductor element 1 by means of a support (a loosely mounted tailstock of a stabilizing bracket, or a similar support system), wherein in the case of a short length of conductor element 1, operation can be carried out without the support.

[0098] Without using conventional forms of filler material other than the annular element 3 (i.e., filler material in the form of welding wire or rod), welding is performed by an arc welding process utilizing non-consumable electrodes (e.g., TIG welding, (micro)plasma welding) or by a beam welding process utilizing a laser beam welding process (e.g., laser beam welding). The annular element 3 is already used as filler material, making it preferable that no additional filler material is required.

[0099] An energy source (electric arc, beam, or ionized gas, the latter in the case of plasma welding) is directed onto the annular element 3, causing primary energy absorption in the annular element 3. Furthermore, in either arc welding or beam welding processes, the welding position (corner position) and the size of the arc (at a certain distance and in conjunction with the electrode diameter) or the size of the beam (focal diameter) are selected to allow complete melting of the annular element 3 and the weld sidewalls. In arc welding processes using non-consumable electrodes, the process can be mechanized / automatic or manual. In beam welding processes, the process is typically mechanized / automatic. Both welding process types can operate in pulsed or continuous mode. The arc or beam energy can be modulated during welding.

[0100] The invention also includes welding by means of TIG rail welding, an arc welding process utilizing non-consumable electrodes, wherein the components to be welded do not move, but the arc (welding torch) moves around—preferably rotationally symmetrically—the components. TIG rail welding has the advantage that the long MI wire does not need to be unwound from the spool (and also: coils, the usual form of MI wire transport) and / or completely straightened. This is because simple rotation of the MI wire is not required during TIG rail welding. The conductor element 1 only needs to extend to the joint position adjacent to the connecting part 2. Furthermore, the joining process in TIG rail welding is largely automated, making this welding process preferably used in the method according to the invention.

[0101] The components (conductor element 1, connecting component 2, annular element 3) prepared for welding are fixed and clamped in the TIG rail welding apparatus (also: box) by a clamping device 11 (not shown here - see below). Figure 5 The TIG rail welding system involves aligning, fixing, and closing the welding head. The welding head of the TIG rail welding system is inserted into the box perpendicularly to the welding point. Depending on the design of the welding system, the non-consumable electrode in TIG rail welding can be positioned perpendicularly or at an angle relative to the components to be joined.

[0102] Figure 3a (a) and (b) are another example of welding between the MI line and the connecting part 2 by means of an annular element 3, wherein the integral joint 100 is manufactured as a circular seam 7. Unlike Figure 2, the annular element 3 is not pushed onto the conductor element 1, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2aAs shown in (a) and (b). Conversely, the ends of the conductor element 1 to be soldered (particularly the MI line) are machined flat, and the inner conductor 6 is released for further manufacturing steps. The annular element 3 is placed coaxially between the connecting member 2 and the conductor element 1, and is clamped in the clamping device 11 (not shown here - see Figure 2) as described above. Figure 5 )middle.

[0103] The two mating bodies 1 and 2 are pressed against each other, such that the annular element 3 is held in position during welding. The annular element 3 completely melts during welding and forms a weld pool with the material molten from the two mating bodies 1 and 2, and after the weld pool has solidified, the complete butt joint 7 serves as the joint 100. If necessary, a shielding gas (externally supplied) and / or a forming gas (supplying from within the connecting part 2) are supplied during welding. The welding shown is a single-layer welding. The same welding process as described above for corner joints is used (see the explanation above in conjunction with Figure 2).

[0104] Of course, the invention also includes an arrangement (not shown) in which the annular element 3 surrounds a portion of the connecting member 2 and the conductor element 1 like a sandwich. In this case, the inner surface of the annular element 3 serves as a second joint surface 22 on both the shell surface of the outer shell 4 (which is the first joint surface 41) and the shell surface of the connecting member 2, such that the circular slit 7 is beaded in this case.

[0105] Depending on the type of coupling 100, a special shape for the annular element 3 can be selected. Figure 2a )and Figure 3a In the embodiment shown, the annular element 3 has the shape of a rotating body with a rectangular cross-sectional area QF; the following is in conjunction with... Figure 4 Further discussion on shape.

[0106] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the annular element 3 used in the method according to the invention. The annular element includes a body designed as a body of revolution. The body of revolution is formed by the (imaginary) rotation of a cross-sectional region QF about a (hypothetical) axis of rotation RA, wherein the axis of rotation RA lies in a plane having the cross-sectional region (QF) but not intersecting it. The distance AB between the axis of rotation RA and the center point of the cross-sectional region QF is greater than the diameter DM of the cross-sectional region. In the design shown here, the cross-sectional region is circular, such that the body has essentially the form of a solid torus. On the other hand, Figure 2a )and Figure 3a The annular element 3 shown in the diagram has a rectangular cross-sectional area QF of the main body. Of course, the cross-sectional area QF can also have a different form than that shown here, and can be, for example, elliptical, square or triangular (not shown).

[0107] In the case of a non-circular cross-sectional region QF, those skilled in the art will use alternative definitions of diameter DM and / or center point. For example, the center point of the non-circular region corresponds to the geometric centroid. For example, the diameter DM of the non-circular region corresponds to the (maximum or minimum) diameter, particularly in the direction of the distance AB between the axis of rotation RA and the cross-sectional region QF, or corresponds to the diameter of the circular region corresponding to the cross-sectional region QF, which has the same area as the cross-sectional region.

[0108] The main dimensions of the annular element 3, such as the diameter DM of the cross-sectional region QF, the width and / or height h of the rectangular cross-sectional region QF as shown in Figure 2, the inner diameter and / or outer diameter, and the annular element 3 ( Figure 4 The other dimensions depend on the thickness of the materials to be welded—that is, the diameter of the conductor element 1, the connecting part 2, and the required thickness of the connector 100 designed as a circular seam 7.

[0109] For example:

[0110] - The diameter DM of the cross-sectional area QF is at least 0.05 times, particularly 0.1 times, the wall thickness WM of the outer shell 4, and / or

[0111] - The diameter DM of the cross-sectional region QF is at most as large as the wall thickness WM of the outer shell 4, and is particularly smaller than the wall thickness WM and / or 0.5 times and / or

[0112] - The distance AB is at least three times the diameter DM, and in particular at least five times.

[0113] Depending on the diameter of the outer housing 4 (ranging from 0.5 mm to 10.0 mm), the wall thickness WM of the outer housing 4 is typically in the range of 0.05 mm to 1 mm, which results in corresponding limitations on the dimensions of the annular element 3. For a 3 mm MI line, for example, the cross-sectional area QF of the annular element 3 has a diameter of 0.3 mm.

[0114] In the case of welded joints, the choice of material for the annular element 3 depends on the base materials of the two jointing bodies 1 and 2. The annular element 3 is at least a high alloy or higher alloy, similar to the higher alloy of the two jointing surfaces 41, 22. For example, the annular element 3 is composed of a nickel-based alloy, or stainless steel if the highest alloy of the two jointing bodies is stainless steel.

[0115] The annular element 3—depending on its shape—is manufactured from strips or sheets using a suitable cutting process, but preferably by laser beam cutting. Other cutting processes are also feasible, including stamping, waterjet cutting, etc. The annular element 3 can be manufactured from tubes or rods by machining. For the circular cross-sectional area QF, the annular element 3 can be made from welding wires welded together at both ends. The annular element 3 can also be manufactured using suitable additive manufacturing processes, for example, according to EN ISO 52900, see also [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 .

[0116] Depending on the shape of the cross-sectional region QF of the body used to construct the annular element 3, materials used as standardized welding filler materials in welding technology are preferably used as the starting material for the annular element 3. These include, for example, solid strip electrodes, solid welding wires, and solid wire electrodes used for submerged arc welding or electroslag welding. For shapes with a QF cross-sectional region that cannot be manufactured from the above materials, semi-finished products such as tubes, round rods, hexagonal rods, etc., are used. The annular element 3 preferably has good smoothness, for example, an average roughness Rt of up to 16 μm and / or an average roughness Ra of up to 3.5 μm. This is to ensure that it is as flat as possible on the second joint surface 22 (rounded corner seam is circular seam 7, Figure 2c - or two mating surfaces 22, 41 (the butt joint is a circular seam, Figure 3b In the case of a square cross-section region QF, it is also advantageous if the cross-section region QF is as close as possible to a rectangular shape, such that, for example, the end faces of the annular element 3 facing the connecting member 2 and the conductor element 1 are fairly parallel and similar to each other. Parallel and similar arrangements, for example, end faces are designed such that they deviate from the parallel path by less than 30% of the diameter DM of the annular element 3, particularly in the direction of the rotation axis RA.

[0117] It is advantageous if the arrangement consisting of conductor element 1, connecting member 2, and annular element 3 is fixed before welding, for example to facilitate machining in clamping device 11 (see...). Figure 5 The clamping device is, for example, a rotating device or a fixing box; the latter in the case of a TIG circular welding system used for the aforementioned TIG rail welding. For this purpose, for example, the annular element 3 is press-fitted onto the conductor element 1 and / or the connecting part 2. This can be done, for example, by selecting a sufficiently small distance AB (or the inner diameter of the body) for the annular element 3 and / or by providing a gap 9 in the body (rotation less than 360°, see Figure 4 This is achieved by using a gap 9 and / or a sufficiently small inner diameter (e.g., a maximum of 5% smaller than the outer diameter of conductor element 1) to allow the annular element 3 to be pressed onto, for example, conductor element 1 in a press fit (e.g., by using an inner diameter of the body that is smaller than the outer diameter of conductor element 1, particularly a maximum of 5% smaller). Thus, the annular element 3 forms a press fit and / or transition fit with conductor element 1.

[0118] If necessary, the method also includes the following steps performed before the connection.

[0119] - Fix the annular element 3 at a predetermined engagement position, particularly on the housing surface of the outer housing 4 and / or the side of the connecting part 2;

[0120] - The annular element 3 is tacking at the joint position, wherein during tacking, the annular element 3 is only partially melted and only partially integrally connected to the conductor element 1 and / or the connecting part 2.

[0121] Spot welding is used to temporarily connect the annular element 3 to the connecting component 2 and / or the conductor element 1. The components prepared for spot welding include the conductor element 1, the connecting component 2, the annular element 3, and the tool 12, which... Figure 5 It is shown in more detail below. Figure 5 The arrangement shown also corresponds to Figure 2a The arrangement already shown in the diagram involves pushing the annular element 3 to a selected position on the conductor element 1. An additional tool 12 acts as a stop to determine the engagement position. The tool 12 is also pushed onto the conductor element 1 and secured there, for example, by means of screws and / or clamps. The tool 12 functions to define the position of the annular element 3 prior to spot welding. Additionally, the tool 12 ensures that the annular element 3 contacts the plane (particularly without gaps) of the engagement surfaces 22, 41 (e.g., the end face 22 of the connecting member 2), see [reference needed]. Figure 2a ).

[0122] Tool 12 has a recess 12a at its tip to enable spot welding and prevent tool 12 from potentially adhering to the annular element 3. Before welding, the assembly comprising conductor element 1, annular element 3, and connecting part 2 including tool 12 is clamped in clamping device 11, as explained above regarding the welding process. This creates spot welds (or spot weld seams) 15, which are subsequently integrated into the weld (i.e., complete melting). Spot welding is performed using an arc or beam welding process, with each spot welded to a non-filler metal. If more than one spot weld is required, the assembly is moved (rotated) mechanically or manually between each spot weld position on the side of the rotating device, or, in the case of TIG rail welding, the non-consumable electrode is moved to the next spot weld position. After spot welding, clamping device 11 is opened and the tool clamped to conductor element 1 is released and removed. The thus fixed assembly (conductor element 1 - connecting part 2 - annular element 3) remains in clamping device 11 of the welding apparatus. The spot-welded components are realigned in the clamping device 11, and the clamping device 11 closes again to allow loose support and coaxial positioning of the spot-welded components during subsequent welding (as explained above in conjunction with Figure 2).

[0123] For spot welding, several protrusions or exactly one protrusion 8 are arranged on the inner surface of the annular element 3 facing the mating surfaces 22, 41, see [reference]. Figure 4 Used as a spot welding point.

[0124] In the previous embodiments, the annular element 3 was always provided as a separately manufactured element. Figure 6 Alternative variations of the invention are shown. Here, the annular element 3 is directly connected to the connecting member 2 during its manufacture. Thus, before joining (especially welding), an assembly 10a; 10b comprising the annular element 3 and the connecting member 2 integrally connected thereto is obtained.

[0125] In the first embodiment of the latter variation, component 10a is obtained, for example, according to EN ISO 52900, by means of a suitable additive manufacturing process (also: 3D printing). During its production, the annular element 3 is directly applied (or printed) onto the connecting member 2 by means of an additive manufacturing process and is directly and integrally connected to the connecting member 2 during its production. As a manufacturing process, for example, a process is used to apply material for the starting material for the annular element 3 using directional energy input. The starting material is bonded in layers on the end face of the connecting member 2, which serves as a second bonding surface 22. A process with concentrated thermal energy is used to directly and integrally connect the starting material to the connecting member 2 at the application location. The energy source used is a laser beam, electron beam, electric arc, plasma, or friction, and the additive material used is, for example, metal in the form of powder, filament, or rod. Furthermore, to apply the annular element 3 to the connecting member 2, a powder bed-based melting method according to EN ISO 52900 can be used. For example, one of the following additive manufacturing processes is used: selective laser melting, electron beam melting, selective laser sintering. If necessary, connecting component 2 and ring element 3 can also be manufactured using common additive manufacturing processes, for example, using different materials.

[0126] In the second embodiment of the latter variation, assembly 10b is produced by welding the starting material (particularly stainless steel) for connecting component 2 and the annular element 3 together in an initial welding process. This is accomplished using a pressure welding process, particularly by means of diffusion welding, to form the initial assembly. Here, the starting material of the annular element 3 is thinner in the pressing direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the pressure welding process compared to the starting material of connecting component 2.

[0127] Subsequently, manufacturing processes from the main separation and / or forming groups (particularly machining, cutting, turning, drilling), such as in combination with thermal separation processes (e.g., plasma melting cutting, laser beam cutting) and / or other suitable forming separation processes (e.g., wire EDM (cutting EDM)), are used to form component 10b from the initial component. In this way, the annular element 3 and the connecting component 2 are integrally connected to each other before the connecting component 2 and the conductor element 1 are joined.

[0128] Appendix labels and symbols

[0129] 1 Conductor element

[0130] 2 connecting parts

[0131] 100 combination

[0132] 110 components

[0133] 21 Guide

[0134] 22 Second mating surface

[0135] 3 ring elements

[0136] 4. Outer casing

[0137] 41 First mating surface

[0138] 5 Internal conductors

[0139] 6. Insulation materials

[0140] 7 circular seams

[0141] 8 protrusions

[0142] 9 gaps

[0143] Components 10a and 10b

[0144] 11 Clamping Device

[0145] 12 tools

[0146] 15 solder joints

[0147] D4 outer diameter

[0148] WM4 wall thickness

[0149] QF3 cross region

[0150] DMQF diameter

[0151] RA Rotary Axis

[0152] ZA cylindrical shaft

[0153] AB distance

Claims

1. A method for producing a high-temperature resistant integral joint (100) between a conductor element (1) and a connecting component (2), particularly a high-temperature resistant integral joint at a temperature of at least 380°C, preferably at least 700°C, the method comprising the steps of: - Provide a conductor element (1), said conductor element (1) comprising: --A tubular element with an outer casing (4), particularly a metal outer casing; --At least one internal conductor (5) arranged within the tubular element, in particular at least two internal conductors (5); --Insulating material (6), said insulating material is disposed within the tubular element and serves to electrically insulate at least the tubular element from the at least one internal conductor (5); - Provide a connecting component (2), particularly at least in the region being metal, the connecting component (2) having a guide (21) for receiving the conductor element (1), particularly a cylindrical guide; - Provide ring element (3); - Insert the conductor element (1) into the guide (21), The conductor element (1), the annular element (3), and the connecting member (2) inserted into the guide (21) are arranged relative to each other such that the annular element (3) abuts against the following two: --The first mating surface (41) of the outer housing (4), particularly the end face and / or housing surface of the outer housing (4), and --The second, particularly metal, mating surface (22) of the connecting member (2), particularly the end face or housing surface of the connecting member (2), particularly the housing surface that is at least partially cylindrical; - The joining is carried out by means of a thermal bonding process, during which the annular element (3) is completely melted and the integral joint (100) is produced in particular in the form of an annular circular seam (7) between the conductor element (1) and the connecting part (2).

2. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The joining process includes brazing, and during the brazing, the annular element (3) is used as a preform of lead-free solder, in particular, so that the brazed connector is produced as the integral connector (100).

3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The joining process includes welding, and during the welding, the annular element (3) is used as a weld filler material, such that the welded connector is produced as an integral joint (100).

4. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, Mononuclear or multinuclear mineral-insulated conductors (MIL) are used as the conductor element (1).

5. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, The annular element (3), the first mating surface (41), and the second mating surface (22) are metal. Furthermore, the annular element (3) is at least as high an alloy as or higher than the higher alloy in the two mating surfaces (41, 22). The annular element (3) is specifically made of nickel-based alloy or stainless steel.

6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, The annular element (3) includes a body, The main body is designed as a body of revolution, such that it is formed by the imaginary rotation of a (hypothetical) cross-sectional region (QF) around an (hypothetical) axis of rotation (RA). The rotation axis (RA) lies in the plane having the cross section (QF) and does not intersect with the cross section (QF). The distance (AB) between the rotation axis (RA) and the center point of the cross section (QF) is greater than the diameter (DM) of the cross section. Furthermore, in particular, the cross-sectional region (QF) is circular, elliptical, circular, angular, triangular, or rectangular.

7. The method according to claim 6, - wherein the diameter (DM) of the cross-sectional region (QF) is at least 0.05 times, particularly 0.1 times, the wall thickness (WM) of the outer housing (4), and / or -in, The diameter (DM) of the cross-sectional region (QF) is at most the same as the wall thickness (WM) of the outer housing (4), and is particularly less than 0.5 times the wall thickness (WM), and / or - wherein the distance (AB) is at least three times, and in particular at least five times, the diameter (DM).

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, in, The conductor element (1) and the annular element (3) are arranged relative to each other before joining, such that the imaginary axis of rotation is substantially coincident with the cylindrical axis (ZA) of the conductor element (1).

9. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, The annular element (3) is manufactured as a separate element prior to engagement and is subsequently supplied.

10. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, The annular element (3) is placed, in particular pushed, onto the housing surface of the outer housing (4) and / or the housing surface of the connecting member (2) before engagement.

11. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The annular element (3) has at least one, in particular exactly one, protrusion (8) extending from the inner surface of the annular element (3), particularly the inner surface facing the rotation axis (RA), in the direction of the first engagement surface (41) and / or the second engagement surface (22). Furthermore, the protrusion (8) has a height in the direction of the first mating surface (41) and / or the second mating surface (22) that is at most 0.1 times the diameter (DM), and in particular 0.05 times the diameter (DM).

12. The method according to at least one of claims 6 to 11, wherein, The main body is designed as a rotating body, which is formed by rotating through an angle of less than 360°, particularly greater than 315°, preferably greater than 350°, so that the main body has a gap (9).

13. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, This includes the following steps to be performed before joining: - Fix the annular element (3) at a predetermined engagement position, particularly on the housing surface of the outer housing (4) and / or the housing surface of the connecting member (2); - The annular element (3) is spot welded at the joint position, wherein during the spot welding, the annular element (3) is only partially melted and only partially integrally connected to the conductor element (1) and / or the connecting part (2), particularly at the at least one protrusion (8) that serves as the spot weld point.

14. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, Prior to the engagement, the annular element (3) is press-fitted onto the housing surface of the outer housing and / or the housing surface of the connecting component (2).

15. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, in, During the production of the annular element (3), the annular element (3) is integrally connected to the connecting part (2) or the conductor element (1), such that an assembly comprising the annular element (3) and the connecting part (2) or the conductor element (1) integrally connected thereto is obtained prior to the joining (10a; 10b).

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the steps performed prior to the engagement: -The ring element (3) is provided by means of an additive manufacturing process, wherein, The annular element (3) is applied directly to the connecting member (2) and / or the conductor element (1) at a predetermined joining position by means of the additive manufacturing process during its manufacture, thereby obtaining an assembly (10a) comprising the annular element (3) and the connecting member (2) or the conductor element (1) integrally connected thereto before the joining.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising the steps performed prior to the engagement: - Provide starting material for the ring element (3); - Provide a starting material for the connecting component (2), particularly including stainless steel; - In pressure welding processes, particularly by means of diffusion welding, the starting material of the annular element (3) is initially welded to the starting material of the connecting component (2). in, An initial assembly is formed during the initial welding of the two starting materials. The thickness of the starting material for the annular element (3) in the pressing direction (PR) is less than the thickness of the starting material for the connecting member (2) in the pressing direction, which is perpendicular to the welding surface of the pressure welding process. Furthermore, the thickness of the starting material for the annular element in the pressing direction is at most 0.1 times, and at most 0.05 times, the thickness of the starting material for the connecting member (2); - The manufacturing process of the annular element (3) and the connecting part (2) integrally connected thereto from the initial assembly, particularly the manufacturing process of the main assembly of the split and / or formed main assembly, especially by means of machining, cutting, turning, drilling, Thus, prior to the engagement, an assembly (10b) comprising the annular element and the connecting member (2) integrally connected thereto is obtained from the initial assembly.

18. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The circular seam (7) between the conductor element (1) and the connecting part (2) is formed as a rounded seam, a butt joint, or a beaded seam.

19. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, The steps include those performed after the conductor element (1) is inserted into the guide (21) and before the bonding or before spot welding and bonding. - The device consisting of the conductor element (1), the connecting part (2), and the annular element (3) is clamped in the clamping device (11). - Rotate the device if the clamping device (11) is a rotating device, or When using a portable energy source, the energy source for welding and / or spot welding is rotated around the component during welding and / or spot welding.

20. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The spot welding and / or the welding are performed in a fusion welding process, particularly an arc welding process, especially using a non-consumable electrode or in a beam welding process.

21. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The welding does not use any additional welding filler material other than the annular element (3).

22. The method according to at least one of claims 3 to 21, Includes the following steps: - An energy source is used during welding, wherein the energy source is directed onto an arrangement consisting of the conductor element (1), the connecting member (2) and the annular element (3), such that the energy emitted by the energy source in the direction of the arrangement is absorbed by the annular element (3) to a large extent, particularly more than 85%.

23. A high-temperature resistant component (110), particularly a component resistant to temperatures of at least 380°C, preferably at least 700°C, comprising: - Conductor element (1) and connecting component (2). Among them, there is a high-temperature resistant integral connector (100) between the conductor element (1) and the connecting component (2). Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant integral bonding component (100) is manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

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