Cultivation method for relieving leaf withering of machine-transplanted rice seedlings

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a cultivation method for relieving machine-transplanted rice seedling leaf withering, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing treated seeds with nano-porous silicate minerals, sowing in a seedling raising matrix, and spraying a composite biological agent in a one-leaf one-core period and a two-leaf one-core period of the seedlings and 1-3 days before rice transplanting in sequence. When the composite biological agent is used for rice cultivation, rice seedlings can be stimulated to generate cold-resistant and dry-resistant molecular products, silicon is promoted to gather on leaf surfaces to form siliceous layers, the dehydration resistance of the seedlings is enhanced, water evaporation of the seedlings after mechanical transplanting is reduced, leaves are prevented from being withered, and the seedlings are promoted to turn green early.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rice cultivation technology, and in particular to a cultivation method for reducing leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rise in labor costs and production materials, new rice seedling raising and transplanting technologies, such as machine transplanting of seedlings with small seedlings and machine transplanting of dense seedlings, have been continuously developed and applied in rice production. These technologies have advantages such as short seedling raising time, more low-position tillering after transplanting, significantly reduced production costs, and substantial savings in the materials required for seedling raising, which is conducive to promoting the development of machine transplanting technology in the new era. At the same time, the seedlings are relatively young at the time of transplanting, approximately at 1.5 to 2.5 leaves.

[0003] In the rice-growing areas of Northeast and Northwest China, as well as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, early spring is characterized by strong winds, low temperatures, and dry air. This leads to rapid water evaporation from rice seedlings, causing leaves to turn white and scorch, resulting in slow seedling recovery and easy seedling death. Rice leaves have a cuticle, appendages, stomata, and hairs on their epidermis, all closely related to water evaporation. Leaf structure analysis reveals that the silicified cuticle of young-leaf rice leaves is relatively thin, making it easier for water to escape after machine transplanting. Damaged roots absorb water more slowly, leading to leaf scorch. The lack of effective solutions in production practices results in widespread whitening and scorching of rice leaves after transplanting, severely impacting normal rice growth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method that reduces leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings, thereby solving the problem in the prior art where leaves of early spring rice easily lose water and scorch and die after machine transplanting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a cultivation method for reducing leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Mix rice seeds with nanoporous silicate minerals, sow them in seedling substrate, and spray compound biological agents sequentially at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, the two-leaf-one-heart stage, and 1-3 days before transplanting.

[0008] The compound biological agent is composed of the following components in the following mass ratio:

[0009] The composition consists of 28-41% Sedum-humic acid complex, 12-17% mineral oil, 8-12% emulsifier, 5-12% organosiloxane compound, and 25-40% water.

[0010] Preferably, the rice seeds are soaked in a silica nutrient solution for 24–72 hours before being mixed with the nanoporous silicate minerals.

[0011] Preferably, the concentration of SiO2 in the silicon nutrient solution is 40-60 g / L.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of rice seeds to nanoporous silicate minerals is 100:0.5-1.

[0013] Preferably, the nanoporous silicate mineral has a particle size of 12–30 nm and a density of 1.3–2.0 g / cm³. 3 .

[0014] Preferably, the amount of rice seeds and nanoporous silicate minerals mixed and coated is 100-120 grams per tray.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the Crassulaceae-humic acid complex includes the following steps:

[0016] Fresh Sedum material was homogenized and then subjected to a co-hydrolysis reaction with potassium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of 1:2 to 3. After the co-hydrolysis reaction was completed, the mixture was pressed and filtered to obtain the primary hydrolysate of Sedum. The primary hydrolysate of Sedum was then mixed with nitrohumic acid at a mass ratio of 6 to 8:1 and stirred for 2 to 3 hours for a neutralization reaction. After the neutralization reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 6.5 to 7.5. This filtrate is the Sedum-humic acid complex.

[0017] Preferably, the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 1 to 1.5 mol / L.

[0018] Preferably, the temperature for the co-hydrolysis is 75°C and the time is 10 hours.

[0019] Preferably, the application rate of the compound biological agent is 1500-2500g / mu.

[0020] Preferably, the compound biological agent is a compound biological agent diluted with water, with a dilution ratio of 500 to 3000 times.

[0021] Preferably, the emulsifier is polysorbate and / or diphenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0022] Preferably, the organosiloxane compound is one or more of tetramethylsilane, methylsilane, methyl silicone oil, and aminosilane.

[0023] Preferably, the mineral oil is one or more of liquid paraffin, petrolatum, and carnauba wax.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention uses green and environmentally friendly materials in the cultivation of rice seedlings, solving the problem of the large-scale application of chemical fungicides and insecticides in production.

[0026] 2. This invention utilizes composite biological agents to stimulate rice seedlings to produce molecular products that resist cold and dryness, promote the accumulation of silicon on the leaf surface to form a silicified layer, enhance the seedlings' resistance to dehydration, reduce water evaporation after machine transplanting, prevent leaf scorching, and promote early greening of seedlings; the formation of silicified rice leaves also helps the seedlings to stand upright, promotes ventilation and light exposure in the seedling tray, and reduces yellowing of seedling leaves and the formation of weak seedlings.

[0027] 3. In the cultivation process, the compound biological agent is sprayed for the first time when the seedlings have one leaf and one heart, which can reduce the growth rate of the seedlings and increase their plumpness. When the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, a second spray can form a silicified layer on the surface of the seedlings, which can promote the rapid evaporation of water inside the seedling tray and the upright leaves, enhance ventilation, and improve ventilation and light for the seedlings in the tray. The compound biological agent is sprayed for the third time the day before transplanting, which can increase the thickness of the leaf film, prevent excessive water loss and drying of the leaves after the rice seedlings are transplanted, promote the rapid greening of the seedlings, and promote root growth. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an observation diagram of the surface characteristics of rice leaves in Experiment Example 1 that were not sprayed with the compound biological agent;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an observation diagram of the surface characteristics of rice leaves after spraying with the compound biological agent in Experiment Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All raw materials and reagents in the following embodiments are commercially available.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A cultivation method for reducing leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings includes the following steps:

[0033] 1. Soaking: After weighing the rice seeds, soak them in a silicon nutrient solution (SiO2 content 120g / L) diluted 200 times with water for 48 hours.

[0034] 2. Sowing: After washing and drying, mix the treated seeds with nanoporous silicate minerals (particle size 12nm, density 1.3g / cm³). 3After mixing and wrapping the mixture at a mass ratio of 1%, the seeds are sown in a special seedling substrate at a sowing rate of 100 grams per tray (dry rice). The special seedling substrate (purchased from Guangzhou Shengsheng Agricultural Co., Ltd.) consists of: rice straw, rice husks and other siliceous fermented materials, non-metallic minerals and clay, etc.

[0035] 3. Preparation of compound biological agents:

[0036] (1) After homogenizing fresh Sedum material, it was mixed with 1.2 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of 1:2 and then hydrolyzed at 72℃ for 9 hours. After the hydrolysis reaction was completed, it was pressed and filtered to obtain the primary hydrolysate of Sedum. The primary hydrolysate of Sedum was mixed with nitrohumic acid at a mass ratio of 7:1 and stirred for 3 hours to carry out a neutralization reaction. After the neutralization reaction was completed, it was filtered and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 6.5. The filtrate is the Sedum-humic acid complex.

[0037] (2) The composite biological agent was prepared by mixing 28% of Sedum-humic acid complex, 12% of liquid paraffin, 8% of polysorbate, 12% of tetramethylsilane and 40% of water according to the mass percentage.

[0038] 4. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 2500 times, and spray it on the leaves and heart of the plant for the first time. The spraying amount is 2500g / mu. Do not water for 24 hours after spraying.

[0039] 5. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 1000 times, and spray it on the leaves for the second time on the leaves and heart of the plant. The spraying amount is 2500g / mu.

[0040] 6. Moisture management: Reduce excessive humidity by using bottom irrigation, relying on capillary absorption to reduce water retention in the above-ground parts.

[0041] 7. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 500 times, and apply it as a third foliar spray 2 days before transplanting, with a spraying amount of 2500g / mu.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A cultivation method for reducing leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings includes the following steps:

[0044] 1. Soaking and germination: After weighing the rice seeds, soak them in a silicon nutrient solution (SiO2 content 100g / L) diluted 350 times with water for 24 hours.

[0045] 2. Sowing: After washing and drying, mix the treated seeds with nanoporous silicate minerals (particle size 30nm, density 2.0g / cm³). 3Mix the ingredients at a mass percentage of 0.5%, wrap them thoroughly, and sow them in a special seedling substrate. The sowing amount is 120 grams per tray (dry rice). The special seedling substrate (purchased from Guangzhou Shengsheng Agricultural Co., Ltd.) consists of: rice straw, rice husks and other siliceous fermented materials, non-metallic minerals and clay, etc.

[0046] 3. Preparation of compound biological agents:

[0047] (1) After homogenizing fresh Sedum material, it was mixed with 1.5 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of 1:3 and then hydrolyzed at 78℃ for 11 h. After the hydrolysis reaction was completed, it was pressed and filtered to obtain the primary hydrolysate of Sedum. The primary hydrolysate of Sedum was mixed with nitrohumic acid at a mass ratio of 8:1 and stirred for 3 h to carry out a neutralization reaction. After the neutralization reaction was completed, it was filtered and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 7.5. The filtrate is the Sedum-humic acid complex.

[0048] (2) The composite biological agent was prepared by mixing 41% of Sedum-humic acid complex, 17% of palm wax, 12% of polysorbate, 5% of methyl silicone oil and 25% of water according to the mass percentage.

[0049] 4. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 3000 times, and spray it on the leaves and heart of the plant for the first time. The spraying amount is 1500g / mu. Do not water for 24 hours after spraying.

[0050] 5. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 1500 times, and spray it on the leaves for the second time on the leaves and heart of the plant. The spraying amount is 1500g / mu.

[0051] 6. Moisture management: Reduce excessive humidity by using bottom irrigation, relying on capillary absorption to reduce water retention in the above-ground parts.

[0052] 7. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 800 times, and apply it as a third foliar spray 3 days before transplanting, with a spraying amount of 1500g / mu.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A cultivation method for reducing leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings includes the following steps:

[0055] 1. Soaking: After weighing the rice seeds, soak them in a silicon nutrient solution (SiO2 content 110g / L) diluted 500 times with water for 72 hours.

[0056] 2. Sowing: After washing and drying, mix the treated seeds with nanoporous silicate minerals (particle size 20nm, density 1.7g / cm³). 3Mix the ingredients at a mass percentage of 0.8%, wrap them thoroughly, and sow them in a special seedling substrate. The sowing rate is 110 grams per tray (dry rice). The special seedling substrate (purchased from Guangzhou Shengsheng Agricultural Co., Ltd.) consists of: rice straw, rice husks and other siliceous fermented materials, non-metallic minerals, and clay.

[0057] 3. Preparation of compound biological agents:

[0058] (1) After homogenizing fresh Sedum material, it was mixed with 1.0 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of 1:2 and then hydrolyzed at 75℃ for 10 h. After the hydrolysis reaction was completed, it was pressed and filtered to obtain the primary hydrolysate of Sedum. The primary hydrolysate of Sedum was mixed with nitrohumic acid at a mass ratio of 6:1 and stirred for 2 h to carry out a neutralization reaction. After the neutralization reaction was completed, it was filtered and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 7.0. The filtrate is the Sedum-humic acid complex.

[0059] (2) A composite biological agent was prepared by mixing 30% of Sedum-humic acid complex, 15% of petrolatum, 10% of polysorbate, 10% of aminosilane and 35% of water according to the mass percentage.

[0060] 4. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 2800 times, and spray it on the leaves and heart of the plant for the first time. The spraying amount is 2000g / mu. Do not water for 24 hours after spraying.

[0061] 5. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 1200 times, and spray it on the leaves for the second time on the leaves and heart of the plant. The spraying amount is 2000g / mu.

[0062] 6. Moisture management: Reduce excessive humidity by using bottom irrigation, relying on capillary absorption to reduce water retention in the above-ground parts.

[0063] 7. Dilute the compound biological agent prepared in step 3 with water to 700 times, and apply it as a third foliar spray one day before transplanting, with a spraying amount of 2000g / mu.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Replace the sprayed compound biological agent with water, and follow the same steps as in Example 3.

[0066] Experimental Example 1

[0067] A comparative experiment was conducted at the experimental base of the Northern Rice Research Center in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province, using the local rice variety Longjing 31, a conventional japonica rice. The experiment began on March 20th, with Example 3 as the experimental group and Comparative Example 1 as the control group. The rice seedlings cultivated using the two different methods were compared. Seedling growth and leaf scorch were investigated before transplanting and one week after transplanting. The results are shown in Tables 1-2. Figures 1-2As shown.

[0068] Table 1. Effects of spraying compound biological agents on rice seedling quality.

[0069]

[0070] Table 2. Effects of spraying compound biological agents on rice leaf surface characteristics and rice leaf growth after machine transplanting.

[0071]

[0072] Observations revealed that, as rice seedlings grew, those sprayed with the compound biological agent exhibited significantly higher growth than the control seedlings (see Table 1). The root system of the rice seedlings showed improved cohesion, and the stems were more robust. Furthermore, compared to rice seedlings not sprayed with the compound biological agent, those sprayed with the agent showed significantly improved leaf surface characteristics (see Tables 2 and 3). Figures 1-2 The application of compound biological agents to rice seedlings significantly increased the number of papillae and hairs on the leaf surface, as well as the content of wax, and significantly reduced the scorching of rice leaves in the field after transplanting.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for reducing leaf scorch in machine-transplanted rice seedlings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Rice seeds are mixed with nanoporous silicate minerals, wrapped, and sown in seedling substrate. The compound biological agent is sprayed sequentially at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, the two-leaf-one-heart stage, and 1-3 days before transplanting. The compound biological agent is composed of the following components in the following mass ratio: The composition consists of 28-41% Sedum-humic acid complex, 12-17% mineral oil, 8-12% emulsifier, 5-12% organosiloxane compound, and 25-40% water.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the rice seeds are mixed with the nanoporous silicate minerals, they need to be soaked in a silica nutrient solution for 24 to 72 hours.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of rice seeds to nanoporous silicate minerals is 100:0.5-1.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nanoporous silicate mineral has a particle size of 12–30 nm and a density of 1.3–2.0 g / cm³. 3 .

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of rice seeds and nanoporous silicate minerals mixed and coated is 100-120 grams per tray.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the Crassulaceae-humic acid complex includes the following steps: Fresh Sedum material was homogenized and mixed with potassium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of 1:2 to 3 for co-hydrolysis. After the co-hydrolysis reaction was completed, the mixture was pressed and filtered to obtain the primary hydrolysate of Sedum. The primary hydrolysate of Sedum was mixed with nitrohumic acid at a mass ratio of 6 to 8:1 and stirred for 2 to 3 hours for neutralization. After the neutralization reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 6.5 to 7.

5. This filtrate is the Sedum-humic acid complex.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 1–1.5 mol / L.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature of the co-hydrolysis is 72–78°C, and the time is 9–11 hours.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the compound biological agent is 1500-2500 g / mu.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The compound biological agent is a compound biological agent diluted with water, with a dilution ratio of 500 to 3000 times.

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