Heat preservation pad for upper limbs and chest of patient in operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat preservation pad for upper limbs and chests of an intraoperative patient. The heat preservation pad comprises a heat preservation pad body, a heating module, a circulation promoting module, a control module and a safety monitoring module. The heat preservation pad body realizes detachable connection between the chest main part and the upper limb accessories on the two sides through a plug-in connector, and each of the chest main part and the upper limb accessories is provided with a detachable outer layer and a sterile inner layer; the heating module realizes partitioned independent temperature control (35-39 DEG C) of the chest and the upper limbs; the circulation promoting module adapts to intraoperative requirements through anti-scald, strong heat preservation and blood flow promoting modes of an air bag layer; the safety monitoring module monitors temperature and air pressure in real time and gives an alarm in a linkage mode. The device is suitable for different operation requirements, precise heat preservation, scald prevention and thrombus prevention are achieved through intelligent cooperation of heating and the air bag, and the body temperature stability and safety of a patient in an operation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and more particularly to an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad. Background Technology

[0002] Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication of surgical procedures, which can lead to adverse consequences such as coagulation disorders, increased risk of wound infection, and delayed anesthesia recovery. Current intraoperative warming equipment has the following limitations: 1. Poor adaptability to different areas: Most devices are designed as a single unit and are placed under the patient, making it impossible to flexibly disassemble local structures according to the surgical site (such as abdominal surgery or upper limb surgery), which can easily interfere with the surgical procedure. 2. Insufficient temperature control accuracy: The heat dissipation rate of the chest and upper limbs is different, but existing equipment mostly uses uniform temperature control, which is difficult to adapt to the heat preservation needs of different parts of the body, and lacks a targeted anti-scalding mechanism. 3. Weak functional synergy: Warming and thrombosis prevention (such as limb massage) are mostly independent functions and cannot be intelligently linked according to the patient's body temperature fluctuations (such as shivering). In addition, the chest airbag often participates in the massage, which can easily affect the stability of the chest surgical area. 4. Inadequate safety monitoring: The alarm mechanism for abnormal temperature and airbag pressure is inadequate, and the sterile inner layer is difficult to replace, increasing the risk of cross-infection.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intraoperative warming device that can achieve zoned temperature control, functional coordination, safety monitoring, and adaptability to various surgical procedures, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, the first objective of this application is to provide an intraoperative warming pad for the patient's upper limb and chest, which allows for unilateral disassembly of the upper limb accessory through a plug-in connector, adapting to unilateral surgical scenarios and avoiding interference with the surgical area; independent temperature control for the chest and upper limb, as well as segmented temperature control for the upper limb, adapting to the heat dissipation differences of different parts.

[0006] The second objective of this application is to provide a warming pad for the upper limbs and chest of patients during surgery. The air bladder layer is inflated by default to prevent burns, and when the temperature is low, it deflates to keep the patient warm against the skin. When it is too hot, it automatically inflates and reduces power for dual protection. The air bladder design is designed to massage areas prone to thrombosis and responds to shivering in conjunction with heating, quickly stabilizing body temperature and improving circulation.

[0007] The third objective of this application is to provide an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad with multiple alarms for temperature, air pressure, and sensor malfunction, combined with a design for quick replacement of the sterile inner layer, thereby reducing infection and operational risks.

[0008] The fourth objective of this application is to provide an intraoperative warming pad for the patient's upper limbs and chest, with a flexible substrate that can be rolled up and stored, and Velcro loops and pressure-sensitive adhesive strips for quick fixation, adaptable to patients of different body types and surgical procedures.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad, including a warming pad body, a heating module, a circulation promotion module, a control module, and a safety monitoring module; wherein, the warming pad body is an integral load-bearing structure, including a chest main component, bilateral upper limb attachments, and pluggable connectors: the chest main component covers the upper chest, and achieves hygienic protection through a detachable outer layer (for easy disinfection and reuse) and a sterile inner layer (for single use to prevent infection); the bilateral upper limb attachments are divided into upper arm segments and forearm segments according to the limbs, and are also equipped with outer layers and sterile inner layers; pluggable connectors... The pull-out connector enables detachable connection between the two components and air / electrical circuit connectivity, allowing for flexible adaptation to unilateral surgical scenarios. The heating module includes a chest heating layer and an upper limb heating layer, respectively embedded in the main chest component and the bilateral upper limb attachments. The circulation promotion module consists of an airbag layer (located between the heating module and the sterile inner layer), a micro air pump (located inside the main chest component), and a solenoid valve group (controlling the inflation and deflation of the airbag). The control module connects the heating module and the circulation promotion module to achieve functional linkage. The safety monitoring module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an alarm unit to ensure safe use.

[0010] This application provides an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad, which is modularly designed to adapt to unilateral surgical scenarios. Combined with the intelligent linkage of heating and airbags, it achieves precise warming, burn prevention, and thrombosis prevention, significantly improving the stability and safety of the patient's body temperature during surgery.

[0011] In addition, the intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad proposed in this application may also have the following additional technical features: In one embodiment of this application, the independent temperature control of the heating module is specifically manifested as follows: the temperature of the chest heating layer, the left upper limb heating layer, and the right upper limb heating layer can be adjusted separately, and each upper limb heating layer is further divided into an upper arm segment heating sub-layer and a forearm segment heating sub-layer, which are independently arranged along the limb axis. The temperature adjustment range is limited to 35℃-39℃ (which meets the safe range for intraoperative body temperature management) to adapt to the difference in heat dissipation rate between the chest and upper limb, and between the upper arm and forearm.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the pluggable connector includes a female connector and a male connector: the female connector integrates an air circuit interface and a circuit interface, and the male connector has a built-in air guide column and conductive contacts; when plugged in, the air guide column and the air circuit interface form an airtight channel, and the conductive contacts and the circuit interface form a circuit channel, ensuring stable air circuit / circuit connection; when disassembled, the air circuit interface is automatically sealed by a spring sealing plug to prevent air leakage from affecting the airbag function.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the working modes of the airbag layer include: anti-scalding mode (inflating to a thickness of 5mm to form a heat insulation cavity, physically isolating the heating layer from the skin), strong heat preservation mode (expanding to a thickness of 1mm to allow the heating layer to adhere to the skin, enhancing heat conduction), and blood flow promotion mode (after triggering, controlling each upper limb airbag to alternately inflate and deflate at 0.5-1Hz to promote limb blood circulation); wherein, the airbag layer of the main chest component always remains in a natural state and does not participate in the massage function, avoiding interference with chest surgery operations.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, a temperature sensor is attached to the surface of a sterile inner layer and electrically connected to the control module via a flexible circuit board (to ensure accurate temperature detection); a pressure sensor is integrated into the outlet pipe of a micro air pump and connected to the control module via a wire (to monitor the overall pressure of the air path in real time), and the two together provide monitoring data to the control module.

[0015] In one embodiment of this application, the alarm unit is electrically connected to the control module to form a graded alarm mechanism: when the detected temperature is <35°C, a low-temperature audible and visual alarm is triggered and a strong heat preservation mode is activated; when the detected temperature is >39°C, a high-temperature audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the airbag layer is simultaneously inflated to a thickness of 10mm and the heating module power is reduced to 50% (double protection against burns); when a fluctuation in air pressure is detected, a leak alarm is triggered to prompt the equipment to be checked.

[0016] In one embodiment of this application, the heating module uses a resistance wire heating layer (for uniform and stable heating) and is fixed inside the main chest component by a hot pressing process (to ensure structural strength); the airbag layer is made of silicone (for good flexibility and high biocompatibility), is fixed to the heating module by medical adhesive, and is attached to the sterile inner layer by a peelable Velcro (for easy replacement of the inner layer).

[0017] In one embodiment of this application, the solenoid valve assembly includes four independent valve bodies, which are connected to each upper limb airbag (corresponding to the upper arm segment and forearm segment) through branch air tubes to achieve precise control; the pressure parameters of each mode are: anti-scalding mode 30-50mmHg (avoiding pressure on the skin), strong heat preservation mode ≤10mmHg (ensuring tight fit), and blood flow promotion mode 40-60mmHg (effectively promoting circulation).

[0018] In one embodiment of this application, during unilateral surgery, after removing the corresponding upper limb accessory, the male connector is pulled out to trigger the Hall effect position sensor signal. The control module responds to the signal to disconnect the heating layer and airbag power supply on that side (to avoid ineffective operation) while maintaining the normal operation of the contralateral side and the main chest component (ensuring continuous heat preservation).

[0019] In one embodiment of this application, the bilateral upper limb attachments (using a flexible non-woven composite substrate (which can be rolled up and stored for easy intraoperative operation) are provided with adjustable Velcro loops on the outside (to adapt to different limb circumferences); the chest main component is provided with medical pressure-sensitive adhesive strips (for quick fixation) at the edge, and its coverage is adjusted by adjustable Velcro extension strips to adapt to different surgical procedures (improving scenario adaptability).

[0020] The advantages of this application compared to existing technologies are: (1) The upper limb accessories can be disassembled on one side by plug-in connector, which is suitable for unilateral surgical scenarios and avoids interference with the surgical area; independent temperature control of the chest and upper limb and segmented temperature control of the upper limb are adapted to the heat dissipation differences of different parts.

[0021] (2) The airbag layer is inflated by default to prevent burns. When the temperature is low, it is vented and close to the skin for strong heat preservation. When it is too hot, it is automatically inflated and the power is reduced for double protection. The airbag design is designed to massage the areas prone to blood clots and responds to shivering in conjunction with heating, quickly stabilizing body temperature and improving circulation.

[0022] (3) Multiple alarms for temperature, air pressure and sensor failure, combined with a quick-replacement design for the sterile inner layer, reduce infection and operational risks.

[0023] (4) The flexible substrate can be rolled up and stored, and the Velcro loops and pressure-sensitive adhesive strips can be quickly fixed, adapting to patients of different body types and surgical procedures.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a front view of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bilateral upper limb attachment unfolding structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heating module structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the heating module structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the air bladder layer structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the air bladder layer structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the functional layer structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a pluggable connector structure for an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a pluggable connector structure for an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A detailed view of a pluggable connector for an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the layered structure of an intraoperative patient's upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a control logic circuit diagram of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating the working mode of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 This is a safety monitoring logic diagram for an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram illustrating temperature zone control of an intraoperative patient's upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the dynamic operation of the air bladder layer of an intraoperative patient's upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] As shown in the figure: 1. Insulation pad body; 11. Chest main component; 111. Outer layer; 112. Sterile inner layer; 12. Bilateral upper limb accessories; 121. Upper arm segment; 122. Forearm segment; 13. Plug-in connector; 131. Female connector; 1311. Air circuit interface; 1312. Circuit interface; 1313. Spring sealing plug; 132. Male connector; 1321. Air guide column; 1322. Conductive contact; 135. Hall effect position sensor; 2. Heating module; 21. Chest heating layer; 22. Upper limb heating layer; 1211. Left upper limb heating layer; 1212. Right upper limb heating layer; 12111. Upper arm segment heating sub-layer; 12122. Forearm segment heating sub-layer; 3. Circulation promotion module; 31. Airbag layer; 310. Heat insulation cavity; 32. Miniature air pump; 33. Solenoid valve assembly; 331. Independent valve body; 34. Branch air pipe; 4. Control module; 5. Safety monitoring module; 51. Temperature sensor; 52. Barometric pressure sensor; 53. Alarm unit. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] This application provides an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad, which can be applied to various surgical scenarios requiring stable intraoperative body temperature, and is particularly suitable for: 1. Abdominal and unilateral limb-related surgeries: such as radical gastrectomy, radical colon resection, and internal fixation of upper limb fractures. In these surgeries, the corresponding upper limb attachments can be removed to avoid the insulation pad interfering with the surgical area.

[0030] 2. Prolonged surgeries: such as laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery, major neurosurgical surgeries, etc. The zoned temperature control (35-39℃) and airbag strong heat preservation mode of this heating pad can effectively prevent patients from experiencing hypothermia during surgery.

[0031] 3. Surgery for patients with high thrombosis risk: such as elderly patients and patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. The upper limb airbag blood flow enhancement mode (0.5-1Hz alternating inflation and deflation) can specifically improve limb blood circulation and reduce the risk of thrombosis.

[0032] This thermal pad, through the intelligent coordinated control of the heating module and the circulation-promoting module (airbag layer), can adapt to different surgical positions and fluctuations in the patient's physiological state during surgery (such as shivering), while taking into account the core needs of precise heat preservation, burn prevention and thrombosis prevention.

[0033] Example 1: Basic Structure and Connection like Figures 1 to 20 As shown, this embodiment provides a core structure implementation method for an intraoperative patient's upper limb and chest warming pad.

[0034] The insulation pad body 1 serves as the overall load-bearing structure, wherein: Chest Main Component 11: Made of flexible non-woven composite material, it can be moderately rolled up for easy intraoperative manipulation and storage. Its shape is designed to cover the upper chest area of ​​the patient, with medical pressure-sensitive adhesive strips fixed to the edges for quick and non-invasive initial fixation to the patient's skin. To accommodate different surgical procedures, the edges of the Chest Main Component 11 also feature adjustable Velcro extension bands; the coverage area can be flexibly changed by adjusting the overlap length of the extension bands.

[0035] It should be noted that the extension strip is only a physical extension of the non-woven fabric substrate (the same material as the main component), and there is no heating module 2 or airbag layer 31 embedded inside.

[0036] Bilateral upper limb attachments 12: also made of flexible non-woven composite substrate. Each attachment is ergonomically divided into upper arm segment 121 and forearm segment 122. Adjustable Velcro loops are provided on the outer side to accommodate different limb circumferences of patients.

[0037] Plug-in connector 13: such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, this is a key component enabling the detachable connection between the bilateral upper limb attachments 12 and the main chest component 11, as well as the air / electrical circuit connection. Specifically, it includes: Female connector 131: fixed to the side edge of the main chest component 11, and integrates an air passage interface 1311 and a circuit interface 1312.

[0038] Male connector 132: fixed to the proximal end of the bilateral upper limb attachments 12, with built-in air guide column 1321 and conductive contact 1322.

[0039] During insertion, the air guide column 1321 is precisely inserted into the airway interface 1311 to form an airtight channel, while the conductive contact 1322 contacts the circuit interface 1312 to form a circuit channel. During disassembly (such as during unilateral surgery), the spring-loaded sealing plug 1313 inside the airway interface 1311 automatically pops out and seals the interface under the action of the spring force, effectively preventing air leakage from affecting the function of the airbag. In addition, the male connector 132 integrates a Hall effect position sensor 135. When the male connector 132 is pulled out, the Hall effect position sensor 135 generates a signal.

[0040] Removable outer layer 111 and sterile inner layer 112: Both the main chest component 11 and the bilateral upper limb attachments 12 adopt a double-layer structure design. The outer layer 111 is a removable, sterilizable, and reusable wear-resistant layer; the sterile inner layer 112 is a disposable sterile layer (medical non-woven fabric) that comes into direct contact with the patient's skin. It is attached to the underlying functional layer by a peelable Velcro closure, facilitating quick replacement after surgery or in case of contamination, thus eliminating the risk of cross-infection.

[0041] Heating module 2: Chest heating layer 21: It adopts a resistance wire heating layer (metal alloy wire), which is firmly fixed in the inner layer of the chest main component 11 through hot pressing process to ensure uniform and stable heating.

[0042] Upper limb heating layer 22: Embedded inside the bilateral upper limb attachments 12. This layer is further subdivided into: The left upper limb heating layer 1211 and the right upper limb heating layer 1212 can be independently temperature-adjusted.

[0043] Each upper limb heating layer includes an upper arm segment heating sublayer 12111 and a forearm segment heating sublayer 12122, which are independently arranged along the limb axis. The temperature adjustment range of all heating sublayers is strictly limited to the safe and effective range of 35℃-39℃, precisely adapting to the differences in heat dissipation rates between the chest and upper limb, as well as between different segments of the upper limb (upper arm and forearm).

[0044] Cycle Promotion Module 3: Airbag layer 31: Located between heating module 2 and sterile inner layer 112, it is made of highly biocompatible silicone material. Airbag layer 31 is fixed to the upper heating module 2 with medical adhesive and attached to the lower sterile inner layer 112 with peelable Velcro, which facilitates the replacement of the inner layer.

[0045] Miniature air pump 32: Fixedly installed inside the main chest component 11, it provides inflation and deflation power for the airbag layer 31.

[0046] Solenoid valve assembly 33: contains four independent valve bodies 331 (corresponding to the upper arm segment and forearm segment airbags of the left and right upper limbs respectively), which are precisely connected to each upper limb airbag through branch air tubes 34 to realize independent control of each airbag unit.

[0047] Control module 4: Integrated inside the main chest component 11, it is electrically connected to the heating module 2, circulation promotion module 3 (miniature air pump 32, solenoid valve group 33), and safety monitoring module 5 via wiring harness. It is responsible for receiving sensor signals, executing preset programs, controlling the heating temperature and airbag operating mode, and achieving intelligent linkage between the two.

[0048] Safety monitoring module 5: Temperature sensor 51: Multiple sensors are dottedly attached to the inner surface of the sterile inner layer 112 (close to the skin side) and electrically connected to the control module 4 via a flexible circuit board to ensure the real-time and accurate temperature detection.

[0049] Pressure sensor 52: Integrated into the outlet pipeline of miniature air pump 32, it is connected to control module 4 via wires to monitor the overall pressure status of the air circuit in real time.

[0050] Alarm unit 53: Electrically connected to control module 4, and has audible and visual alarm functions.

[0051] Supplementary Explanation 1: The main chest component 11 is made of a flexible non-woven composite substrate, which is rollable. Its fixation after rolling can be achieved through the adjustable Velcro extension band on the edge of the main chest component 11: after rolling, the Velcro overlap of the extension band can temporarily fix the rolled shape, preventing loosening and ensuring ease of operation during surgery. This design is not separately marked in the diagram because the Velcro extension band is integrated with the main component material.

[0052] Supplementary Explanation 2: For example Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The miniature air pump 32, branch air pipe 34, female connector 131, and male connector 132 shown are only for clearly illustrating the connection relationship; in the actual product, these components are not rigidly exposed. Miniature air pump 32: The document clearly states that it is "located inside the main chest component 11" and is completely wrapped by a flexible non-woven composite substrate with no external exposure.

[0053] Branch airway 34: serving as a connecting pipe between the airbag layer 31 and the solenoid valve assembly 33, it is embedded in the substrate interlayer of the main chest component 11 and the upper limb accessory, with no external exposure.

[0054] The female connector 131 is fixed to the side edge of the main chest component 11, and the male connector 132 is fixed to the proximal end of the upper limb accessory. Although both contain a small number of rigid structures (such as air guide columns and conductive contacts), they are completely wrapped by a flexible substrate, with only the connection end partially exposed. The edges are rounded and the size is small (to meet the needs of limb fit), so they will not directly contact the patient's neck or cause pressure.

[0055] Example 2: Operating Mode and Control Logic like Figures 1 to 20 As shown in the figure, this embodiment focuses on explaining the core working mode and intelligent control logic of the thermal insulation pad.

[0056] Airbag layer working mode: This is achieved by the control module 4 according to preset program instructions, through controlling the micro air pump 32 and the solenoid valve group 33. Anti-scalding mode (default activation): The airbag layer 31 inflates to approximately 5mm thickness, forming a stable heat insulation cavity 310. This creates a physical barrier between the heating layer and the patient's skin, effectively preventing localized overheating and burns. In this mode, the inflation pressure is controlled at 30-50mmHg (approximately 4.0-6.7kPa), ensuring effective heat insulation while avoiding pressure discomfort on the skin.

[0057] Strong heat preservation mode: When a risk of low temperature is detected (e.g., temperature sensor 51 detects a value <35℃), control module 4 instructs airbag layer 31 to deflate to a thickness of approximately 1mm, so that the heating layer fits the skin as closely as possible, maximizing heat conduction efficiency and rapidly increasing the local temperature. After deflation, the residual pressure inside the airbag is ≤10mmHg (approximately 1.3kPa), ensuring a tight fit.

[0058] Blood Flow Promotion Mode: This mode can be triggered by control module 4 for patients at high risk of thrombosis or when shivering is detected in the patient. It instructs each upper limb airbag (upper arm and forearm) to alternately inflate and deflate at a frequency of 0.5-1Hz (inflation pressure 40-60mmHg, approximately 5.3-8.0kPa), simulating a gentle massage and effectively promoting venous blood return in the limb. Key point: In this mode, the air bladder layer 31 of the main chest component 11 always remains in a natural state (i.e., does not participate in inflation and deflation), avoiding any interference with the operational stability of the chest surgical area (such as the heart and lungs).

[0059] Intelligent coordination between heating and airbags: Control module 4 is the core of achieving the three-in-one function of "precise heat preservation, burn prevention, and thrombosis prevention".

[0060] When the low temperature alarm (<35℃) is triggered, the control module 4 will simultaneously start the strong heat preservation mode (airbag exhaust and skin contact) and may appropriately increase the heating power to achieve rapid rewarming.

[0061] When the high temperature alarm (>39℃) is triggered, control module 4 simultaneously activates a dual anti-scalding mechanism: (1) Instruct the airbag layer 31 to be inflated to a thickness of about 10mm (far higher than the default 5mm), which greatly increases the heat insulation distance; (2) Immediately reduce the overall power of heating module 2 to 50%.

[0062] It should be noted that: Anti-scalding mode (default) calculation scenario: The airbag is inflated to a thickness of 5mm (d=0.005m) to form a heat insulation cavity, preventing the heating layer from directly contacting the skin and causing burns.

[0063] Safe heat flux density threshold: ≤0.5W / cm² = 5000W / m² (based on the upper limit of short-term skin exposure tolerance in ISO 13732 "Ergonomic assessment and protection against thermal exposure in thermal environments"). Actual temperature difference assumptions: Heating layer working temperature 39℃ (upper limit), skin temperature 35℃ (normal body temperature during surgery), ΔT=4K; Calculation process: Based on the heat conduction formula ; Substituting, we get: .

[0064] (Largely below the 5000W / m² threshold, the 5mm air gap can effectively block excessive heat conduction and achieve anti-scalding).

[0065] High temperature alarm state (>39℃) calculation scenario: The heating layer abnormally rises to 45-50℃, and it is necessary to control the heat flux density to ≤0.2W / cm²=2000W / m² by increasing the air gap thickness and reducing the power.

[0066] Extreme temperature difference assumption: heating layer 50℃, skin 35℃, ΔT=15K; Calculation of air gap thickness (d): Depend on ; Substituting, we get: .

[0067] (The actual design is 10mm, which is much larger than the calculated value. The redundant design ensures that the heat flux density is ≤2000W / m², and can still block the risk of burns in extreme cases.)

[0068] Power control calculation (power reduction to 50% at high temperatures) Scenario: The heating layer needs to be cooled down from 50℃ to 42℃ (the upper limit of the safe range), which requires reducing the power to achieve rapid cooling.

[0069] System heat capacity (C): 0.8 kJ / K (i.e., 800 J / K, including the total heat capacity of the heating layer, airbag and local tissues); Target temperature drop (ΔT): 50℃ - 42℃ = 8K; Cooling time (t): 3 minutes = 180 seconds; Required power (P) calculation: According to the law of conservation of energy ; Substituting, we get: ; When the heating power is reduced to 50% (approximately 35.5W), the energy requirement for cooling down by 8°C within 3 minutes can be met, ensuring that the temperature of the heating layer quickly returns to a safe range.

[0070] Logic for unilateral surgical adaptation: such as Figure 13As shown, when performing unilateral surgery (such as upper limb surgery) and requiring the removal of the right upper limb accessory, the operator pulls out the right male connector 132. This action triggers a signal from the Hall effect position sensor 135. The control module 4 responds to this signal in real time, immediately disconnecting the power supply to the right upper limb heating layer 1212 and all right-side airbags (upper arm segment and forearm segment), causing them to stop working and avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and potential risks. At the same time, it maintains the circuit and airway connection and normal operation of the left upper limb accessory and the main chest component 11, ensuring continuous and effective warmth for the non-surgical limb and chest, and ensuring the overall temperature stability of the patient.

[0071] Example 3: Safety Monitoring and Alarm Mechanism like Figures 1 to 20 As shown, this embodiment details the hierarchical alarm mechanism and its linkage control of the safety monitoring module 5 (which relies on the coordination of temperature sensor 51, air pressure sensor 52, alarm unit 53 and control module 4).

[0072] Low Temperature Alarm and Response: When the control module 4 determines that the detected value of any temperature sensor 51 is <35℃, the following operations are performed: 1. Trigger the low temperature audible and visual alarm of alarm unit 53 (flashing yellow light + low frequency buzzer).

[0073] 2. Automatically activate the strong heat preservation mode (the airbag in the corresponding area deflates to a 1mm fit).

[0074] 3. The heating power of the corresponding area can be increased in conjunction with the control.

[0075] High Temperature Alarm and Response: When the control module 4 determines that the detected value of any temperature sensor 51 is >39℃, the following operations are performed: 1. Trigger the high temperature audible and visual alarm of alarm unit 53 (red light flashing + high frequency buzzer).

[0076] 2. Simultaneously control the emergency inflation of the corresponding area's airbag layer 31 to a thickness of 10mm, significantly increasing the heat insulation distance.

[0077] 3. Immediately reduce the overall power of heating module 2 to 50%.

[0078] (Dual measures to maximize the prevention of burns) Gas circuit abnormality alarm: When the control module 4 detects that the air pressure in the airway is continuously lower than the set threshold or fluctuates violently / irregularly based on the air pressure sensor 52, it determines that there is a risk of air leakage and triggers the air leakage alarm of the alarm unit 53 (orange light + specific tone), prompting medical staff to check the airtightness of the equipment (focusing on checking the connectors, air tubes, and air bags).

[0079] An alarm is also triggered when a complete blockage of the gas path is detected (abnormally high pressure).

[0080] Example 4: Complete Clinical Procedure for Intraoperative Warming Pads 1. Preoperative preparation stage Medical staff first conducted a comprehensive inspection of the heating pad body 1, checking for damage to the flexible non-woven composite substrate of the chest main component 11 and the bilateral upper limb attachments 12, the integrity of the medical pressure-sensitive adhesive strips, and the normal operation of the female connector 131, air interface 1311, and circuit interface 1312 of the plug-in connector 13, as well as the air guide column 1321 and conductive contact 1322 of the male connector 132. Simultaneously, they checked the chest heating layer 21, left upper limb heating layer 1211, and right upper limb heating layer 1212 of the heating module 2, and the airbag layer 31, micro air pump 32, and solenoid valve assembly 33 of the circulation promotion module 3 to ensure they were functioning properly. Subsequently, depending on the patient's surgical type, the coverage area of ​​the chest main component 11 was flexibly changed by adjusting the overlap length of the adjustable Velcro extension band at the edge of the chest main component 11. The extension band is merely a physical extension of the non-woven substrate, with no heating module 2 or airbag layer 31 embedded inside. For the bilateral upper limb attachments 12, the adjustable Velcro loops on the outside are adjusted according to the patient's limb circumference to fit the patient's limb.

[0081] 2. Intraoperative Cover the upper chest area of ​​the patient with the main chest component 11 of the thermal pad body 1, and quickly and non-invasively fix it to the patient's skin using the medical pressure-sensitive adhesive strips along its edges. Then, attach the upper arm segments 121 and forearm segments 122 of the bilateral upper limb attachments 12 to the patient's upper arm and forearm respectively, and fix them using the adjustable Velcro loops on the outer side to adapt to different patients' limb circumferences.

[0082] After the fixation is completed, the device is turned on and the control module 4 starts working. At this time, the airbag layer 31 starts the anti-scalding mode by default, inflates to a thickness of about 5mm, forming a stable heat insulation cavity 310. The inflation pressure is controlled at 30-50mmHg. The chest heating layer 21, the left upper limb heating layer 1211, and the right upper limb heating layer 1212 of the heating module 2 start working, and the temperature is maintained at 35-39℃.

[0083] The temperature sensor 51 and air pressure sensor 52 of the safety monitoring module 5 monitor the patient's skin temperature and airway pressure in real time and transmit the data to the control module 4.

[0084] When the temperature sensor 51 detects a value of <35℃, the control module 4 determines that there is a risk of low temperature and triggers the low temperature audible and visual alarm (yellow light flashing + low frequency buzzer) of the alarm unit 53. It automatically starts the strong heat preservation mode and instructs the airbag layer 31 to vent to a thickness of about 1mm so that the heating layer is as close to the skin as possible. At the same time, it can also link to increase the heating power of the corresponding area to quickly increase the local temperature. After venting, the residual pressure in the airbag is ≤10mmHg.

[0085] When targeting patients at high risk of thrombosis or when shivering is detected in a patient, the control module 4 can trigger the blood flow promotion mode, instructing each upper limb airbag (upper arm and forearm segment) to alternately inflate and deflate at a frequency of 0.5-1Hz (inflation pressure 40-60mmHg). At this time, the control module 4 will dynamically fine-tune the heating temperature of the corresponding upper limb area to compensate for heat loss, and the airbag layer 31 of the chest main component 11 will always remain in a natural state.

[0086] When performing unilateral surgery (such as upper limb surgery), the operator unplugs the right male connector 132, the Hall effect position sensor 135 generates a signal, and the control module 4 immediately disconnects the power supply to the right upper limb heating layer 1212 and all right airbags, causing them to stop working, while maintaining the normal operation of the left upper limb accessory and the chest main component 11.

[0087] When the control module 4 determines that the detected value of any temperature sensor 51 is >39℃, it triggers the high temperature audible and visual alarm of the alarm unit 53 (red light flashing + high frequency buzzer), and simultaneously controls the airbag layer 31 in the corresponding area to be inflated to a thickness of 10mm, and immediately reduces the overall power of the heating module 2 to 50%.

[0088] When the control module 4 detects that the air pressure in the airway is continuously lower than the set threshold or fluctuates violently / irregularly, or detects that the airway is completely blocked (pressure rises abnormally), it determines that there is an airway abnormality and triggers the air leak alarm (orange light + specific tone) of the alarm unit 53, prompting medical staff to check the airtightness of the equipment.

[0089] 3. Postoperative The equipment is shut down, control module 4 stops working, and heating module 2 and circulation promotion module 3 stop operating. The insulation pad body 1 is removed; the disposable sterile inner layer 112 is torn off and discarded, and the removable outer layer 111 is disinfected for reuse. The bilateral upper limb attachments 12 are inspected and treated accordingly, completing the entire usage process.

[0090] Supplementary Note 3: To address the potential for contamination by bodily fluids and disinfectants during surgery, and the hygiene and protective needs of patients with skin diseases or infectious diseases, this warming pad can be fitted with a disposable sterile protective cover. Specific supplementary notes are as follows: This disposable protective sleeve is made of medical-grade sterile non-woven fabric (compliant with GB 19082 medical protective standards). Its overall design is a three-dimensional structure that fits snugly against the main body 1 of the insulation pad, completely covering the outer surface of the chest component 11 and the inner surface of the upper limb attachments 12 that come into contact with the skin. The sleeve's edges are equipped with removable Velcro straps that mate with the corresponding Velcro straps on the outer layer 111 and the sterile inner layer 112 of the insulation pad, allowing for quick installation and removal.

[0091] During use, a new protective cover is laid before each surgery. If contamination occurs during the operation, it can be replaced immediately to prevent bodily fluids and disinfectants from directly contacting the main body 1 of the heating pad, while also blocking the risk of contact transmission from patients with skin diseases and infectious diseases. This design does not affect the original functions of the heating pad (such as the normal operation of the heating module 2 and the air bladder layer 31) and does not conflict with the built-in structure of components such as the plug-in connector 13 and the miniature air pump 32, further improving the hygiene, safety, and clinical applicability of the equipment.

[0092] Implementation effect This application provides an intraoperative patient upper limb and chest warming pad, which, through its modular design (especially the pluggable connector), perfectly adapts to unilateral surgical scenarios, avoiding interference with the surgical area. Its core innovation lies in achieving intelligent coordinated control of heating and the airbag: Precise zoned temperature control: Independent temperature control for the chest and both upper limbs, and segmented temperature control for the upper limbs (upper arm / forearm), accurately matching the heat dissipation differences of different anatomical parts (35-39℃ range).

[0093] Dynamic safety protection: default anti-scalding, low-temperature strong heat preservation, dual overheat protection (inflation + power reduction), blood flow promotion as needed, and intelligent switching between modes.

[0094] Targeted thrombosis prevention: Only the upper limb airbags participate in the massage, without interfering with the stability of the abdominal surgical area.

[0095] Multiple safety features: real-time monitoring of temperature and air pressure with tiered alarm linkage, combined with a quick-change sterile design.

[0096] Convenient for clinical use: The flexible material is easy to operate, and the Velcro and pressure-sensitive adhesive achieve a quick and stable fit, adaptable to various surgical procedures and body types.

[0097] The above synergistic effects significantly improved the stability of the patient's body temperature during surgery, greatly reduced the risk of complications such as hypothermia, burns, and thrombosis, and have significant clinical application value and safety advantages.

[0098] Example 5: Summary of Key Parameters To clearly demonstrate the core parameter settings of this invention, the key parameters of each module are summarized as follows: Table 1: Core Parameter Table Table 2: Key Component Model Configuration Table Table 3: Parameter Configuration Table for Control Module 4 In summary, through the technical synergy of the first to fifth embodiments, the surgical warming pad with circulation promotion function described in this invention achieves three core breakthroughs by relying on the intelligent pulse pressing of the airbag module, the precise zoned temperature control of the heating module 2, and the triple protection mechanism of the safety monitoring module: more precise and stable intraoperative body temperature control, smoother limb blood circulation, and faster equipment failure response speed.

[0099] It should be noted that the electrical components involved in this invention (including the STM32F407VGT6 control module and the VQZ-015 solenoid valve assembly) all comply with the GB 9706.1-2020 Medical Electrical Safety Standard, and their conventional components such as terminals and power interfaces adopt common designs in the field. To simplify the specification, known technical details such as circuit connections and communication protocols of commercially available mature devices (such as the NTCG163JH103HT1 temperature sensor) have been omitted as necessary, and relevant parameters are assumed to be consistent with industry-standard specifications.

[0100] The above embodiments are merely for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and reasonable modifications made by those skilled in the art to the temperature threshold setting, triggering logic rules (such as the delay time of the safety monitoring module) or alternative structural designs (such as replacing the resistance wire with a carbon nanotube heating film) in the embodiments based on the principles of the present invention shall be deemed to fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming pad, comprising: The heat preservation pad body (1), the heating module (2), the circulation promoting module (3), the control module (4) and the safety monitoring module (5); The heat preservation pad body (1) comprises: The chest main part (11) covers the upper chest, has a detachable outer layer (111) and a sterile inner layer (112); The bilateral upper limb accessories (12) are each divided into an upper arm segment (121) and a forearm segment (122) and have the outer layer (111) and the sterile inner layer (112); The plug-in connector (13) realizes detachable connection and air circuit / circuit communication of the bilateral upper limb accessories (12) and the chest main part (11); The heating module (2) comprises a chest heating layer (21) embedded in the chest main part (11) and upper limb heating layers (22) of the bilateral upper limb accessories (12); The circulation promoting module (3) comprises: The air bag layer (31) is located between the heating module (2) and the sterile inner layer (112); The miniature air pump (32) is arranged in the chest main part (11); The electromagnetic valve group (33) controls air charging and discharging of the air bag layer (31); The control module (4) is connected with the heating module (2) and the circulation promoting module (3); The safety monitoring module (5) comprises a temperature sensor (51), an air pressure sensor (52) and an alarm unit (53).

2. An intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket according to claim 1, wherein, The subarea independent temperature control of the heating module (2) comprises: The chest heating layer (21), the left upper limb heating layer (1211) and the right upper limb heating layer (1212) are independently temperature-regulated; Each upper limb heating layer comprises an upper arm segment heating sublayer (12111) and a forearm segment heating sublayer (12122) and is independently arranged along the limb axis, and the temperature regulation range is 35-39 DEG C.

3. An intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket according to claim 1, wherein, The plug-in connector (13) comprises a female connector (131) and a male connector (132), wherein, The female connector (131) integrates an air circuit interface (1311) and a circuit interface (1312); The male connector (132) is internally provided with a gas guide column (1321) and a conductive contact (1322); When the plug-in connector (13) is plugged in, the gas guide column (1321) and the air circuit interface (1311) form an airtight channel, and the conductive contact (1322) and the circuit interface (1312) form a circuit channel; When the plug-in connector (13) is unplugged, the air circuit interface (1311) is automatically closed by a spring sealing plug (1313).

4. The intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket of claim 1, wherein, The working mode of the air bag layer (31) comprises: The anti-scald mode: the air bag is inflated to a thickness of 5 mm to form a heat insulation cavity (310); The strong heat preservation mode: the air bag is deflated to a thickness of 1 mm to make the heating layer adhere to the skin; The blood flow promoting mode: after being triggered, each upper limb air bag is controlled to be inflated and deflated alternately at 0.5-1 Hz, and the chest main part (11) air bag remains in a natural state.

5. The intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket of claim 1, wherein, The temperature sensor (51) is attached to the surface of the sterile inner layer (112) and is electrically connected to the control module (4) through a flexible circuit board; The air pressure sensor (52) is integrated in the outlet pipeline of the miniature air pump (32) and is connected to the control module (4) through a wire.

6. An intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket as described in claim 1, wherein, The alarm unit (53) is electrically connected to the control module (4); When the control module (4) determines that the temperature sensor (51) detects a value <35 DEG C, the following operations are performed: Trigger low temperature sound and light alarm and start strong insulation mode; When the control module (4) determines that the temperature sensor (51) detects a value > 39℃, the following operations are performed: Trigger high temperature sound and light alarm, control the air bag layer (31) to inflate to 10mm thickness, and reduce the power of the heating module (2) to 50%; When the control module (4) detects pressure fluctuations in the air path according to the air pressure sensor (52), trigger the air leakage alarm.

7. The intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket of claim 1, wherein, The heating module (2) adopts a resistance wire heating layer and is fixed inside the chest main part (11) through a hot pressing process; the air bag layer (31) is made of silica gel material and is fixed with the heating module (2) through medical glue, and is attached to the sterile inner layer (112) through a peelable magic tape.

8. An intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket as defined in Claim 4, wherein, The electromagnetic valve group (33) includes four independent valve bodies (331), which are connected to each upper limb air bag through a shunt air pipe (34), and the anti-scald mode inflation pressure is 30-50mmHg, the strong insulation mode exhaust pressure is ≤10mmHg, and the blood flow promoting mode inflation pressure is 40-60mmHg.

9. The intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket of claim 3, wherein, After removing the corresponding side upper limb accessories, the male connector (132) is pulled out to trigger the Hall position sensor (135) signal, and the control module (4) responds to the signal to disconnect the power supply of the heating layer and the air bag on that side, and maintains the connection of the opposite side and the chest main part (11).

10. The intraoperative patient upper extremity and chest warming blanket of claim 1, wherein, The double-sided upper limb accessories (12) adopt a flexible non-woven fabric composite substrate, and the outer side is provided with an adjustable magic tape ring belt; the edge of the chest main part (11) is provided with a medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, and the coverage range is adjusted through an adjustable magic tape expansion belt.

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