Gravity and cyclone integrated separating device

Abstract

The invention discloses a gravity and cyclone integrated separating device which is suitable for separating slag with the particle size of 0-70 mm in tunneling. The device comprises a shell, the shell is divided into a gravity separation cavity and a cyclone separation cavity through a partition plate, a through hole is formed in the upper portion of the partition plate to communicate the two cavities, an air inlet is formed in the upper portion of the gravity separation cavity, and an air outlet is formed in the cyclone separation cavity. The gravity settling plate is vertically arranged in the gravity separation cavity, the upper end is fixed, the lower end is suspended, an airflow inflection channel is formed, and slag with the particle size larger than 20 mm is separated; a plurality of side-by-side cyclones are arranged in the cyclone separation cavity, and slag with the particle size larger than 100 microns is separated. Slag discharging openings are formed in the bottoms of the gravity separation cavity and the cyclone separation cavity and are respectively provided with a discharging valve for discharging slag in a centralized manner. And a grid is arranged on the through hole to prevent large-particle-size slag from entering the cyclone separation cavity. The device is compact in structure, high in separation efficiency, capable of remarkably reducing equipment size and maintenance cost and suitable for tunneling scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial dust removal technology, specifically to an integrated gravity cyclone separation device, suitable for slag discharge and dust removal systems in industries such as metallurgy, mining, and chemicals. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation, a large amount of slag is generated. This slag typically accumulates at the bottom of the tunnel, with a wide particle size range, generally between 0 and 70 mm, encompassing everything from fine dust to larger particles. Traditional slag removal methods mainly rely on manual labor or mechanical equipment such as excavators. Manual cleaning is labor-intensive, requiring workers to operate for extended periods in the dusty and harsh environment of the tunnel, resulting in low efficiency and significant occupational health risks. While excavators can handle larger slag particles, they are less effective at removing fine particles, and their operation is limited by tunnel space, making efficient and continuous cleaning difficult. Furthermore, the dust-laden airflow generated during excavation carries a large amount of slag particles. If directly discharged or without effective separation, this places a heavy burden on subsequent dust removal equipment, leading to decreased dust removal efficiency, and even causing equipment blockage or wear, increasing maintenance costs.

[0003] To address the issues of slag separation and cleaning, existing technologies often employ gravity separation or cyclone separators to treat slag in dust-laden airflows. Gravity separation utilizes the settling characteristics of particles under gravity and is suitable for separating larger slag particles (e.g., larger than 20 mm). It is simple in structure and low in cost, but its separation efficiency is low for smaller slag particles (e.g., 100 μm to 20 mm), leading to increased load on subsequent dust removal equipment. Cyclone separators effectively separate smaller particles (e.g., larger than 100 μm) using the centrifugal force generated by airflow rotation. However, when the dust-laden airflow contains a large number of large-diameter slag particles, it can easily cause clogging of the cyclone separator, affecting the stability of equipment operation. Furthermore, large-diameter slag particles may cause wear on the inner wall of the cyclone separator in the high-speed rotating airflow, shortening the equipment's service life.

[0004] In some tunnel excavation scenarios, existing technologies attempt to separate large-diameter slag particles first by connecting gravity separators and cyclone separators in series, and then process smaller-diameter particles. However, this series connection method has significant drawbacks: firstly, the connected equipment requires a large space, making it difficult to arrange in narrow tunnel environments, and increasing the complexity of installation and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of slag discharge of large-particle-size slag, and to provide a gravity cyclone integrated separation device. By integrating gravity separation and cyclone separation functions into a single shell, the airflow reversal path and slag discharge structure are optimized to achieve efficient separation of slag in the 0-70mm particle size range, while reducing equipment size and maintenance costs, and is suitable for tunnel excavation scenarios.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A gravity cyclone integrated separation device, comprising:

[0008] The housing includes a partition that divides the interior into a gravity separation chamber and a cyclone separation chamber. The partition has a through-hole located at its upper part, connecting the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber. The upper part of the gravity separation chamber has an air inlet for receiving dust-laden airflow. One side of the cyclone separation chamber has an air outlet for discharging the separated dust-laden airflow.

[0009] A gravity settling plate is vertically installed in the gravity separation chamber, located between the air inlet and the through hole of the partition. The upper end of the gravity settling plate is connected to the top of the gravity separation chamber, and the lower end is suspended. It causes the airflow to bend back in the gravity separation chamber and separates slag particles with a diameter greater than 20mm by gravity.

[0010] A cyclone separator, located inside the cyclone separation chamber, performs secondary separation on the dust-laden airflow passing through the gravity settling plate, separating slag particles with a diameter greater than 100μm.

[0011] A slag discharge port is located at the bottom of the shell and is used to discharge the separated slag.

[0012] Furthermore, the gravity settling plate is a vertically arranged plate structure, with its lower end suspended and maintaining a distance from the bottom of the gravity separation chamber to form an airflow reversal channel. This, combined with the upper positions of the air inlet and the through hole, enhances the reversal path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, both the air inlet and the through-hole of the partition are located in the upper part of the housing to increase the reversal path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, there are at least two cyclones arranged side by side in the cyclone separation chamber; each cyclone includes a cyclone cylinder and a conical bottom, the cyclone cylinder being used to generate a cyclone separation effect, and the conical bottom being used to collect the slag separated by the cyclone.

[0015] Furthermore, both the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are provided with slag discharge ports at their bottoms, and gravity discharge valves and cyclone discharge valves are respectively provided on the two slag discharge ports.

[0016] Furthermore, the shell is a rectangular or cylindrical structure, and the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are arranged sequentially along the length of the shell to achieve a compact overall layout.

[0017] Furthermore, the through holes of the partition are provided with grids to prevent large-diameter slag particles from entering the cyclone separation chamber.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention provides an integrated gravity cyclone separation device. Through optimized structural design, this device overcomes the shortcomings of high labor intensity in manual cleaning and low efficiency in excavator cleaning, providing an efficient and reliable slag separation solution for tunnel excavation. Its specific advantages are reflected in the following aspects:

[0020] First, by integrating the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber into a single housing, the device achieves a compact structure, significantly reducing the equipment size. It is particularly suitable for tunnel excavation scenarios with limited roadway space, saving approximately 30% of installation space compared to traditional series equipment, and reducing installation and maintenance costs.

[0021] Secondly, the gravity settling plate is arranged vertically, with the upper end fixed to the top of the gravity separation chamber and the lower end suspended to form an airflow return channel. Combined with the air inlet and baffle through hole set at the top, the return path of the dust-laden airflow in the gravity separation chamber is extended, so that slag with a particle size greater than 20mm settles efficiently under the action of gravity, and the separation efficiency is about 20% higher than that of traditional gravity separation devices.

[0022] Furthermore, the grid structure installed on the through holes of the partition plate effectively intercepts large-diameter slag particles, preventing them from entering the cyclone separation chamber, significantly reducing the risk of cyclone blockage, extending the service life of the equipment, and reducing the frequency of maintenance.

[0023] Finally, multiple cyclones are arranged side by side, so that the separation efficiency of slag particles with a diameter greater than 100μm reaches more than 90%.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gravity cyclone integrated separation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals: 21-Gravity separation chamber; 22-Cyclone separation chamber; 23-Air inlet; 24-Air outlet; 25-Gravity settling plate; 26-Cyclone separator; 27-Gravity discharge valve; 28-Cyclone discharge valve; 29-Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a gravity-cyclone integrated separation device specifically designed for separating slag particles with a diameter of 0-70mm from dust-laden airflow during tunnel excavation. The device includes a housing with a rectangular structure, internally divided into a gravity separation chamber 21 and a cyclone separation chamber 22 by a partition. A through-hole 29 is provided at the upper part of the partition, and a grid is installed on the through-hole 29 to prevent slag particles larger than 20mm from entering the cyclone separation chamber 22. An air inlet 23 is provided at the upper part of the gravity separation chamber 21 to receive the dust-laden airflow generated during tunneling; an air outlet 24 is provided on the side of the cyclone separation chamber 22 to discharge the separated airflow to subsequent dust removal equipment.

[0033] A vertically arranged gravity settling plate 25 is installed inside the gravity separation chamber 21. Its upper end is fixed to the top of the chamber, while its lower end is suspended, maintaining a 5cm gap from the bottom of the chamber, forming an airflow reversal channel. Dust-laden airflow enters through the air inlet 23 and is guided by the gravity settling plate 25 to form a reversal path, extending the airflow's residence time within the chamber. Slag particles larger than 20mm settle to the bottom of the gravity separation chamber 21 under gravity and are discharged through the gravity discharge valve 27 to the slag outlet at the bottom of the shell. The suspended lower end of the gravity settling plate 25, combined with the positions of the upper air inlet 23 and the through-hole 29, creates a complex reversal path for the airflow, improving separation efficiency by approximately 20% compared to traditional gravity separation devices.

[0034] The cyclone separation chamber 22 contains three cyclones 26 arranged side-by-side. Each cyclone 26 includes a cyclone body and a conical bottom. Dust-laden airflow enters the cyclone 26 through the through-hole 29, generating centrifugal force within the cyclone body. Slag particles larger than 100μm are separated to the conical bottom and discharged through the cyclone discharge valve 28 to the slag outlet at the bottom of the shell. The size of the through-hole 29 matches the inlet size of the cyclone 26, ensuring uniform airflow distribution to each cyclone 26 and a separation efficiency exceeding 90%. The grid effectively prevents residual large-diameter slag from entering the cyclone 26, reducing the risk of clogging and decreasing maintenance frequency by approximately 50%.

[0035] The rectangular structure of the casing allows the gravity separation chamber 21 and the cyclone separation chamber 22 to be arranged sequentially along the length, reducing the overall volume by approximately 30% compared to traditional series-connected equipment, making it suitable for narrow tunnel environments. The slag discharge port is equipped with a centralized collection structure, achieving unified slag discharge through gravity discharge valve 27 and cyclone discharge valve 28, reducing subsequent processing steps by approximately 40%. In this embodiment, the device processes a gas flow rate of 5000 m³ / h. 3 The efficiency of separating slag particles larger than 20 mm is 95% per hour, and the efficiency of separating slag particles larger than 100 μm is 90%, which significantly reduces the labor intensity of manual cleaning and increases the slag discharge efficiency by about 50%.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a gravity-cyclone integrated separation device suitable for separating slag particles with a diameter of 0-70mm from dust-laden airflow in large-scale tunnel boring projects. The device includes a shell with a cylindrical structure, internally divided into a gravity separation chamber 21 and a cyclone separation chamber 22 by a partition. A through-hole 29 is provided at the upper part of the partition, and a grid with a pore size of 15mm is installed on the through-hole 29 to intercept large-diameter slag particles and prevent them from entering the cyclone separation chamber 22. An air inlet 23 is provided at the upper part of the gravity separation chamber 21, connected to the tunnel boring machine's exhaust system to receive the dust-laden airflow; an air outlet 24 is provided on the side of the cyclone separation chamber 22 to discharge the separated airflow to a wet scrubber.

[0038] A vertically arranged gravity settling plate 25 is installed inside the gravity separation chamber 21. Its upper end is fixed to the top of the chamber, while its lower end is suspended, maintaining an 8cm gap from the bottom, forming an airflow reversal channel. Dust-laden airflow enters through the air inlet 23 and is guided by the gravity settling plate 25 to form multiple reversal paths, extending the airflow residence time. Slag particles larger than 20mm settle to the bottom of the gravity separation chamber 21 under gravity and are discharged through the gravity discharge valve 27. The surface of the gravity settling plate 25 is provided with guide grooves to further optimize the airflow path and improve the separation efficiency of large-particle slag to 98%.

[0039] The cyclone separation chamber 22 contains four cyclones 26 arranged side-by-side. Each cyclone 26 includes a cyclone body and a conical bottom. Dust-laden airflow enters the cyclone 26 through through-holes 29. Under centrifugal force, slag particles larger than 100 μm are separated to the conical bottom and discharged through the cyclone discharge valve 28. The through-holes 29 are matched to the inlet size of the cyclone 26, ensuring uniform airflow distribution and a separation efficiency of 92%. A grid effectively prevents large-diameter slag particles from entering, reducing the risk of wear and blockage in the cyclone 26 and decreasing maintenance frequency by approximately 60%.

[0040] The cylindrical structure of the shell optimizes airflow dynamics. The gravity separation chamber 21 and cyclone separation chamber 22 are arranged axially, reducing the overall volume by approximately 35%, making it suitable for use with large tunneling equipment. The slag discharge port is equipped with a centralized collection trough for unified slag collection, reducing cleaning procedures by approximately 45%. In this embodiment, the device processes an airflow rate of 8000 m³ / s. 3 With a capacity of 98% per hour, it can separate slag particles larger than 20mm and 92% per hour, significantly reducing the need for manual cleaning and increasing slag discharge efficiency by about 60%. It is suitable for high-dust, high-flow-rate tunneling scenarios.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gravity cyclone integrated separation device, characterized by, The utility model relates to a dust separator, comprising: a housing, a partition plate is arranged in the housing, the housing is divided into a gravity separation chamber and a cyclone separation chamber by the partition plate; a through hole is arranged on the partition plate, the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are communicated by the through hole; one side of the gravity separation chamber is provided with an air inlet for receiving dust-containing air flow; one side of the cyclone separation chamber is provided with an air outlet for discharging separated dust-containing air flow; a gravity settling plate is arranged in the gravity separation chamber between the air inlet and the through hole of the partition plate, the air flow is deflected in the gravity separation chamber, and the slag with a particle size greater than 20mm is separated by gravity; a cyclone is arranged in the cyclone separation chamber, the dust-containing air flow passing through the gravity settling plate is subjected to secondary separation, and the slag with a particle size greater than 100 microns is separated; a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the housing for discharging separated slag.

2. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device according to claim 1, wherein, The gravity settling plate is a vertically arranged plate structure, the lower end of the gravity settling plate is suspended and spaced from the bottom of the gravity separation chamber to form an air flow deflection channel.

3. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device according to claim 2, wherein, The air inlet and the through hole of the partition plate are located in the upper part of the housing to increase the deflection path of the dust-containing air flow in the gravity separation chamber.

4. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device of claim 1, wherein, The cyclone has at least two cyclones arranged side by side in the cyclone separation chamber; each cyclone comprises a cyclone cylinder and a conical bottom, the cyclone cylinder is used to generate a cyclone separation effect, and the conical bottom is used to collect the slag separated by the cyclone.

5. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device of claim 1, wherein, The gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are both provided with a slag discharge port, and a gravity discharge valve and a cyclone discharge valve are respectively arranged on the two slag discharge ports.

6. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device of claim 1, wherein, The housing is in a rectangular or cylindrical structure, the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are arranged along the length direction of the housing in sequence to realize a compact overall layout.

7. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device of claim 1, wherein, A grille is arranged on the through hole of the partition plate to prevent large-particle-size slag from entering the cyclone separation chamber.

Images