Water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generating device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of laser precision machining, in particular to a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generating device and method, comprising: a mounting shell; a laser incidence window, which is fixedly installed on the mounting shell through a fixing member; a water-guided laser coupling cavity, which is arranged in the mounting shell; wherein the laser incidence window has a high-transmittance window made of quartz. Through integrated design of the mounting shell and integrated layout of the water-guided laser coupling cavity, the system structural rigidity is improved, the anti-vibration performance of the equipment is improved by 40%, and the vibration offset problem of the traditional split structure in high-speed machining is solved; by shortening the fluid mixing path by 60%, the laminar flow interface formation time is compressed to the level of 0.5 ms, the microsecond-level dynamic response requirement is met, the mounting shell provides a rigid support platform, the coupling cavity serves as a multiphase fluid mixing core area, and the quartz laser window ensures efficient laser incidence.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser precision machining, in particular to a water-guided laser multi-phase fluid layer generating device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are three types of technical routes in the current water-guided laser precision machining field:

[0003] The gas curtain isolation and the contraction flow design induces the water flow to contract and separate from the inner wall of the nozzle through the inverted conical jet nozzle, and combines with the coaxial ring-shaped gas curtain to suppress turbulent diffusion.

[0004] The coaxial water-light channel design adopts an integrated structure of a central light path and an outer peripheral water path to wrap the laser with laminar flow curtain to realize miniaturized operation in medical scenarios.

[0005] The multi-phase fluid laminar flow protection uses different refractive index fluids to form layered laminar flow, and realizes laser total reflection effect through refractive index gradient, and adapts to high-power ultra-hard material cutting.

[0006] However, there are the following problems:

[0007] 1. The gas curtain scheme does not block the energy deposition of the laser on the inner wall of the nozzle, and high temperature still causes ablation; the multi-phase fluid scheme does not solve the problem of high-power heat accumulation;

[0008] 2. The split design significantly increases the volume of the device, and the fluid mixing is obviously delayed, which is difficult to meet the dynamic adjustment demand. SUMMARY

[0009] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a water-guided laser multi-phase fluid layer generating device to solve the problems that the gas curtain scheme does not block the energy deposition of the laser on the inner wall of the nozzle, and high temperature still causes ablation, the multi-phase fluid scheme does not solve the problem of high-power heat accumulation, the split design significantly increases the volume of the device, and the fluid mixing is obviously delayed, which is difficult to meet the dynamic adjustment demand.

[0010] One embodiment of the present application provides a water-guided laser multi-phase fluid layer generating device, comprising:

[0011] a mounting shell;

[0012] a laser incidence window, which is fixedly installed on the mounting shell by a fixing piece;

[0013] a water-guided laser coupling cavity, which is arranged in the mounting shell;

[0014] The laser incidence window has a high-transmittance window made of quartz, which is used for laser beam incidence into the cavity, and the water-guided laser coupling cavity is used as a mixing and layering core area of the multi-phase fluid.

[0015] In one embodiment, a multiphase fluid input channel is also included;

[0016] The multiphase fluid input channel includes a high refractive index fluid channel, a low refractive index fluid channel, and a gas channel;

[0017] The high refractive index fluid channel is formed on the mounting housing for conveying water-based fluids;

[0018] The low-refractive-index fluid channel is formed on the mounting housing and located below the high-refractive-index fluid channel, and is used to transport fluorinated liquid or silicone oil;

[0019] The gas channel is located on the mounting housing and below the low refractive index fluid channel, and is used to introduce inert gas to form an annular gas curtain.

[0020] In one embodiment, a nozzle and a sapphire sheet are also included;

[0021] The nozzle is disposed on the mounting housing and located below the laser incident window;

[0022] The sapphire sheet is positioned at the nozzle exit to protect the laser window.

[0023] In one embodiment, a fluid coupling port is also included;

[0024] The fluid coupling port has a stepped diameter reduction structure, which includes the inlet diameter, transition section and outlet diameter from large to small.

[0025] The inner wall of the fluid coupling port is machined with axial microgrooves.

[0026] In one embodiment, the water-guided laser coupling cavity includes:

[0027] A tapered inlet section, wherein the tapered inlet section is designed with a cone angle;

[0028] A microgroove flow stabilizing section, wherein the microgroove flow stabilizing section is provided with spiral microgrooves;

[0029] A tapered outlet section having a reduced diameter outlet.

[0030] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer using the device described in one of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0031] A multiphase fluid is introduced into the water-guided laser coupling cavity inside the mounting housing;

[0032] The laser beam is introduced into the cavity through the laser entrance window;

[0033] An axially layered laminar interface is formed within the cavity between a high-refractive-index water-based fluid and a low-refractive-index protective fluid.

[0034] This causes the laser beam to undergo total internal reflection coupling at the laminar interface;

[0035] Material processing is performed by outputting a jet of coupled laser through a nozzle.

[0036] In one embodiment, the process of introducing a multiphase fluid into the water-guided laser coupling cavity within the mounting housing further includes:

[0037] Inject water-based fluids through high-refractive-index fluid channels;

[0038] Fluorinated liquid or silicone oil is injected through a low-refractive-index fluid channel;

[0039] An annular gas curtain is formed by injecting inert gas through a gas channel.

[0040] In one embodiment, the axial laminar interface between the high-refractive-index water-based fluid and the low-refractive-index protective fluid formed within the cavity further includes:

[0041] This accelerates the flow of fluid through the converging inlet section.

[0042] Turbulence is suppressed in the micro-groove steady flow section by using spiral micro-grooves;

[0043] The stratified laminar flow interface is defined in the conical outlet section.

[0044] In one embodiment, the axial laminar interface between the high-refractive-index water-based fluid and the low-refractive-index protective fluid formed within the cavity further includes:

[0045] Optimize laminar flow using a stepped diameter reduction structure at the fluid coupling port;

[0046] Interface stability is maintained through axial microgrooves.

[0047] In one embodiment, the material processing via a jet of coupled laser output through a nozzle further includes:

[0048] The laser entrance window is protected by a sapphire sheet;

[0049] The jet is controlled to impact the workpiece surface at a preset diameter.

[0050] The water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generator provided by the above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. The fluid flow is accelerated by the tapered inlet section, the micro-groove flow stabilization section suppresses turbulent disturbances through the spiral groove structure, and the conical outlet section precisely shapes the jet shape. The three stages work together to form a self-stabilizing laminar interface, thereby improving the axial stability of the jet and compressing the jet diameter fluctuation range to the micrometer level, solving the problem of insufficient processing accuracy caused by jet drift in traditional technology.

[0052] 2. By utilizing the refractive index difference between water-based fluid (n=1.33, n is the refractive index) and fluorinated liquid (n=1.29, n is the refractive index), a total reflection interface is constructed within a critical angle control accuracy of ±0.5°. The outer gradient density protective layer absorbs residual energy, and combined with the air curtain isolation to block the heat conduction path, the laser energy coupling efficiency is improved to near the theoretical limit level, the backscattered energy attenuation reaches more than 90%, and the nozzle end face working temperature is stabilized within the safe threshold of 80℃, thus solving the nozzle ablation problem in high-power laser processing.

[0053] 3. The intermediate fluorinated liquid forms a 200-500μm dynamic protective film, which can withstand ≥10 7 W / cm 2 Peak power density; sapphire plates block the heat conduction path, and the negative pressure suction system quickly removes residual energy, extending the nozzle life to more than 3 times that of traditional technology, reducing maintenance frequency, supporting continuous and stable operation of kilowatt-level power for more than 48 hours, and improving the overall utilization rate of the equipment.

[0054] 4. By adjusting the refractive index gradient (Δn≥0.1) to form a total reflection interface, the laser coupling efficiency is improved, the jet diameter fluctuation is controlled within ±3μm, and the processing accuracy is ±2μm level. It is suitable for micro-holes (0.1mm diameter) in aero-engines and non-destructive cutting of silicon carbide wafers.

[0055] 5. The integrated cavity design replaces the traditional multi-pipe system, eliminating the need for complex gas path control and reducing overall production costs. At the same time, the self-cleaning laminar flow interface reduces maintenance requirements and is suitable for kilowatt-level high-power industrial scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling between a traditional water-guided laser and a fluid confinement layer.

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling between the water-guided laser and the fluid confinement layer of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the refractive index gradient and total internal reflection interface of the present invention.

[0062] The markings in the diagram are explained as follows:

[0063] 100. Install the housing;

[0064] 200. Laser incident window;

[0065] 300. Water-guided laser coupling cavity;

[0066] 310. Gradual narrowing inlet section; 320. Micro-groove flow stabilization section; 330. Conical outlet section;

[0067] 400. Multiphase fluid input channel;

[0068] 410. High refractive index fluid channel; 420. Low refractive index fluid channel; 430. Gas channel;

[0069] 500, Nozzle;

[0070] 600, Sapphire wafer;

[0071] 700, fluid coupling port. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The above detailed description is a specific description of feasible embodiments of the present invention. These embodiments are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the so-called present invention should be included in the patent scope of this case.

[0073] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generating device, comprising:

[0074] Mounting housing 100;

[0075] A laser incident window 200 is fixedly mounted on the mounting housing 100 by a fastener;

[0076] A water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 is disposed within the mounting housing 100;

[0077] The laser incident window 200 has a high transmittance window made of quartz material for the laser beam to be incident into the cavity, and the water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 is used as a core region for mixing and stratification of multiphase fluids.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, the integrated design of the mounting housing 100 and the integrated layout of the water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 improve the structural rigidity of the system, enhance the vibration resistance of the equipment by 40%, and solve the vibration displacement problem of traditional split structures in high-speed processing. By shortening the fluid mixing path by 60%, the laminar interface formation time is compressed to the 0.5ms level, meeting the microsecond-level dynamic response requirements. The mounting housing 100 provides a rigid support platform, the coupling cavity serves as the core area for multiphase fluid mixing, and the quartz laser window (transmittance ≥99%) ensures efficient laser incidence, eliminating energy loss caused by assembly errors of traditional multi-component components. In the processing of film condensate holes in aero-engine blades, the aperture position accuracy is controlled at ±2μm.

[0079] In one embodiment, a multiphase fluid input channel 400 is also included;

[0080] The multiphase fluid input channel 400 includes a high refractive index fluid channel 410, a low refractive index fluid channel 420, and a gas channel 430.

[0081] The high refractive index fluid channel 410 is formed on the mounting housing 100 for conveying water-based fluids;

[0082] The low refractive index fluid channel 420 is formed on the mounting housing 100 and located below the high refractive index fluid channel 410, and is used to transport fluorinated liquid or silicone oil.

[0083] The gas channel 430 is formed on the mounting housing 100 and located below the low refractive index fluid channel 420, and is used to introduce inert gas to form an annular gas curtain.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, through a three-level layered design of low-refractive-index fluid channel 420 and gas channel 430, a stable refractive index gradient layer is formed by water-based fluid (n=1.33) and fluorinated liquid (n=1.29), with interface thickness fluctuation ≤5%; an annular gas curtain (0.4MPa nitrogen) isolates external disturbances, ensuring that the straightness deviation of the jet under a 30° tilt is <0.1°; the high-refractive-index channel (upper layer) transports a mixture of deionized water and 20% glycerol, the low-refractive-index channel (middle layer) transports perfluoropolyether, and the gas channel 430 (lower layer) forms a gas curtain isolation layer. The triple hydrodynamic constraint suppresses turbulent diffusion. In semiconductor gold wire bonding processing, the absorption rate of high-reflectivity materials increases from 40% to 95%, and energy consumption is reduced by 50%.

[0085] In one embodiment, a nozzle 500 and a sapphire sheet 600 are also included;

[0086] The nozzle 500 is disposed on the mounting housing 100 and located below the laser incident window 200;

[0087] The sapphire sheet 600 is located at the outlet of the nozzle 500 to protect the laser window.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, through the synergistic protection mechanism of the sapphire nozzle 500 component and the protective sheet, the end face temperature of the nozzle 500 stabilizes from >200℃ to below 80℃, completely eliminating the risk of laser ablation; the sapphire sheet 600 (1mm thick) blocks processing spatter, reducing the laser window contamination rate by 90%; the sapphire material (thermal conductivity 35W / m·K) rapidly conducts heat, and the dynamic isolation layer of fluorinated liquid absorbs scattered energy; the nozzle 500 outlet orifice diameter of 0.1mm precisely controls the jet shape.

[0089] In one embodiment, a fluid coupling port 700 is also included;

[0090] The fluid coupling port 700 has a stepped diameter reduction structure, which includes the inlet diameter, transition section and outlet diameter from large to small.

[0091] The inner wall of the fluid coupling port 700 is machined with axial microgrooves.

[0092] In this embodiment of the invention, by using a stepped diameter-reduced fluid coupling port 700 and an axial microgroove design, the jet diameter fluctuation is controlled within ±3μm (traditional ±10μm), the laminar interface stability is improved by 300%, the energy conduction efficiency reaches 98.5%, the backscattering energy is attenuated by 90%, the stepped diameter-reduced flow from inlet aperture (0.5mm) to transition section (0.3mm) to outlet (0.2mm) accelerates the fluid, and the axial microgrooves with a depth of 0.05mm and a spacing of 0.1mm guide the laminar flow to self-stabilize, and the edge chipping of silicon carbide wafers is <1μm.

[0093] In one embodiment, the water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 includes:

[0094] The tapered inlet section 310 is a cone-shaped design.

[0095] Microgroove flow stabilizing section 320, wherein the microgroove flow stabilizing section 320 is provided with spiral microgrooves;

[0096] The tapered outlet section 330 has a reduced diameter outlet.

[0097] In this embodiment of the invention, through the synergistic effect of the three sections—the tapered inlet section 310, the microgroove stabilizing section 320, and the conical outlet section 330—the jet depth-to-diameter ratio is increased to 20:1 (traditionally ≤10:1), and the turbulence suppression efficiency is improved by 80%. The surface roughness Ra of the silicon carbide processing is ≤0.2μm, and the 20° conical tapered section accelerates the fluid to 8m / s. The spiral microgroove (0.5mm pitch) destroys the vortex structure. The conical outlet shapes the jet diameter, and the processing efficiency of the titanium alloy film hole is improved by 300%, reducing the processing time of a single hole from 120s to 40s.

[0098] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer using the device described in one of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0099] A multiphase fluid is introduced into the water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 inside the mounting housing 100;

[0100] The laser beam is introduced into the cavity through the laser incident window 200;

[0101] An axially layered laminar interface is formed within the cavity between a high-refractive-index water-based fluid and a low-refractive-index protective fluid.

[0102] This causes the laser beam to undergo total internal reflection coupling at the laminar interface;

[0103] Material processing is performed by outputting a jet of coupled laser through nozzle 500.

[0104] In this embodiment of the invention, by using a single-cavity laminar flow coupling process and dynamic laser incident control, the overall processing energy consumption is reduced by 40% and the maintenance cost is reduced by 50%; it supports continuous operation of >1kW laser power for 48 hours, and multiphase fluid is injected into the cavity in proportion (water: fluorinated liquid = 7:1); the laser achieves total reflection coupling with an incident angle of 75°.

[0105] In one embodiment, the introduction of multiphase fluid into the water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 within the mounting housing 100 further includes:

[0106] Water-based fluid is injected through high-refractive-index fluid channel 410;

[0107] Fluorinated liquid or silicone oil is injected through the low refractive index fluid channel 420;

[0108] An annular gas curtain is formed by injecting inert gas through gas channel 430.

[0109] In this embodiment of the invention, by dynamically adjusting the layered flow rate and coordinating with the air curtain pressure, the effective processing distance of the jet is extended by 30%, the influence of external disturbances is reduced by 80%, and a stable density gradient is formed by 4L / min of water-based fluid + 1.5L / min of fluorinated liquid; a 0.4MPa nitrogen air curtain isolates air interference, and the vehicle-mounted mobile processing platform achieves dynamic working condition precision control of ±5μm.

[0110] In one embodiment, the axial laminar interface between the high-refractive-index water-based fluid and the low-refractive-index protective fluid formed within the cavity further includes:

[0111] The fluid is accelerated through the converging inlet section 310;

[0112] Turbulence is suppressed in the micro-groove flow stabilization section 320 by using spiral micro-grooves;

[0113] The 330° conical outlet section is used to define the stratified laminar flow interface.

[0114] In this embodiment of the invention, a three-stage fluid dynamics control chain is used to achieve a jet diameter drift of ≤±3μm, a hole roundness of ≥99% with a depth-to-diameter ratio of 20:1, and a closed-loop process of acceleration in the tapered section → turbulence suppression in the microgroove → shaping in the conical outlet; the Reynolds number Re<2000 maintains laminar flow, and the yield of ultra-thin glass cutting is increased from 85% to 98%.

[0115] In one embodiment, the axial laminar interface between the high-refractive-index water-based fluid and the low-refractive-index protective fluid formed within the cavity further includes:

[0116] Laminar flow is optimized by utilizing the stepped diameter reduction structure of the fluid coupling port 700.

[0117] Interface stability is maintained through axial microgrooves.

[0118] In this embodiment of the invention, through the synergistic optimization of stepped diameter reduction and microgrooves, the laminar interface thickness fluctuation is ≤5%, the energy conduction efficiency is 98.5%, and the diameter reduction structure enhances the fluid kinetic energy; the axial microgrooves guide the laminar flow self-organization, and the processing efficiency of high-reflectivity copper materials is improved by 400%.

[0119] In one embodiment, the material processing via the jet of coupled laser output through nozzle 500 further includes:

[0120] The laser incident window 200 is protected by a sapphire sheet 600;

[0121] The jet is controlled to impact the workpiece surface at a preset diameter.

[0122] In this embodiment of the invention, through sapphire protection and precise jet control, the lifespan of nozzle 500 is extended to 120 hours, the depth of the heat-affected zone is ≤50μm, and sapphire sheet 600 blocks heat conduction; the jet diameter is 0.1mm to precisely control the impact energy.

[0123] It should be noted that existing technologies generally employ separate pipelines for bundled flow (gas and water-based fluids are transported independently in different pipelines and eventually converge at the outlet), which is structurally complex and requires additional gas source support. In contrast, this invention employs a single-cavity laminar flow bundled flow: within a single cavity, through fluid dynamics optimization (such as a tapered inlet and a spiral flow stabilization structure), fluids with different refractive indices and densities (such as high-density fluorinated liquid and low-density water-based fluid) form an axially stable laminar interface, directly achieving multiphase fluid coupling.

[0124] The core objective of this invention is nozzle 500 and inner wall protection: through the laminar flow interface formed in the cavity, a high refractive index fluid layer covers the inner wall of nozzle 500, and its optical properties (critical angle of total internal reflection) and physical properties (high density, high flow rate) are used to isolate laser energy deposition, thereby fundamentally solving the nozzle 500 ablation problem.

[0125] This invention simplifies the structure and improves reliability while achieving active protection for the core components of laser processing (nozzle 500 and inner wall), breaking through the design limitations of traditional solutions that rely on passive avoidance.

[0126] Furthermore, the following is an analysis of the overall structure and core component functions of the present invention, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the water-guided laser coupling cavity 300 serves as the core area for mixing and stratifying multiphase fluids. Through fluid dynamics optimization design, it achieves axially stable laminar flow of high and low refractive index fluids. The laser incident window 200 has a high transmittance window (quartz material, transmittance ≥99%) for the laser beam (wavelength 1064nm) to enter the cavity. It is fixed to the shell by a fixing component, sealing the cavity and withstanding high-pressure fluid (≤100MPa). The multiphase fluid input channel 400 mainly includes: a high refractive index fluid channel 410: water-based fluid (refractive index n=1.33, density ρ=1g / cm³), flow rate 4L / min; a low refractive index fluid channel 420: conveying perfluorocarbon liquid (product model FC-72, refractive index n=1.29, density ρ=1.7g / cm³) or silicone oil, flow rate 1.5L / min; and a gas channel 430: introducing nitrogen gas (pressure 0.4MPa) to form an annular gas curtain to isolate external interference.

[0127] The nozzle 500 has an outlet aperture of less than 0.2 mm and is made of sapphire. The sapphire sheet 600 is located below the laser incident window 200 and has a thickness of 1 mm.

[0128] The fluid coupling port 700 is located at the confluence point of multiphase fluids. The stability of the laminar interface is optimized through the hole design. The structural parameters are: hole diameter 0.3mm, length 2mm, and inner wall polished to Ra≤0.1μm.

[0129] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The paper compares the laminar interface formation mechanism of traditional schemes with that of the present invention, and compares the traditional water-guided laser coupling (such as...). Figure 3 As shown, relying solely on water jets to transmit laser energy makes the jet susceptible to external disturbances (such as air friction and gravitational tilt), leading to turbulent diffusion. Without an active protective layer, the laser directly contacts the inner wall of the nozzle 500, causing energy deposition and ablation. In contrast, this invention utilizes laminar flow coupling (such as...) Figure 4 (As shown)

[0130] Utilizing a two-fluid laminar interface: a high-refractive-index water-based fluid and a low-refractive-index fluorinated liquid / silicone oil form a stable laminar flow within the cavity. The inner wall of the nozzle 500 is covered by a 50-100 micrometer thick layer of fluorinated liquid, isolating laser contact (ablation zone approaches zero), and the jet diameter fluctuation is ≤±3μm. Furthermore, there is gas curtain isolation: an outer nitrogen gas curtain (pressure 0.4MPa) envelops the jet, reducing external air interference. Due to the existence of multiple refractive index gradients (water-based fluid n=1.33 vs. FC-72 n=1.29, nitrogen n=1.03), many gases can be used in this invention, and no single type is limited here.

[0131] The laser enters the interface at θ=75°, with a total internal reflection efficiency of ≥98.5%, and reduces the energy of the scattered light absorbed by the low-refractive-index fluid in the outer layer, with an attenuation rate of ≥90%.

[0132] The orifice design of the fluid coupling port 700 in this invention is key to forming a multiphase flow layer. A schematic diagram of the orifice design of the fluid coupling port 700 is shown below. Figure 2 As shown,

[0133] Through a stepped diameter reduction design: inlet diameter 0.5mm → transition section 0.3mm → outlet diameter 0.2mm, fluid impact disturbance is reduced. Microgrooves can even be machined on the inner wall to guide the fluid to better form laminar flow. Axial microgrooves (depth 0.05mm, spacing 0.1mm) are machined, with a middle layer fluorinated liquid flow velocity of 8m / s, an inner layer water-based flow velocity of 3m / s, and an outer layer air curtain flow velocity greater than 10m / s. This velocity gradient suppresses interfacial mixing. The fluorinated liquid fluid is accelerated to 5-8m / s through a 20° cone-angle inlet, with a Reynolds number Re < 2000 (laminar flow state).

[0134] Finally, the system workflow and dynamic control, as well as the workflow of the 500 laser processing nozzle device, are described. The multiphase fluid pump is started, and water is injected into the cavity in a ratio (water:FC-72 = 7:1). A nitrogen gas curtain (0.4 MPa) and negative pressure suction (-60 kPa) are activated. The fluorinated liquid is accelerated through a tapered section, stratified, and then shaped at a conical outlet, forming a stable laminar flow interface. Then, a laser beam (500 W, 1064 nm) is injected at a 75° incident angle and coupled to the jet through a total internal reflection interface. The jet impacts the workpiece surface, completing the cutting / drilling process.

[0135] This invention can increase the lifespan of nozzle 500 by 3 to 5 times, achieve a machining accuracy of ±2μm, and is suitable for machining film gas holes in aero-engine blades (hole diameter 0.1mm, depth-to-diameter ratio 20:1). It also reduces overall production costs by 40% and decreases the frequency of consumable replacement by 80%.

[0136] This invention is compatible with kilowatt-level fiber lasers and supports silicon carbide wafer cutting (edge ​​chipping ≤ 1μm) and burr-free processing of medical stents (roughness Ra ≤ 0.2μm).

[0137] This invention systematically solves the core bottlenecks of traditional water-guided laser technology (nozzle 500 ablation, jet instability, and wall damage) through single-cavity laminar flow coupling design, refractive index gradient control, and dynamic protection mechanism, providing a solution for high-precision laser processing equipment.

[0138] Furthermore, the bottom of the mounting housing 100 is detachably connected to a base plate via a rubber ring to prevent gas leakage and ensure overall sealing. It should be noted that the base plate can be detachably connected by bolts or other fasteners, and there is no limitation on this. It should also be noted that all interconnected parts within the overall device are equipped with sealing rings to ensure overall sealing.

[0139] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the paper parts and drawings of the present invention under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generation device, characterized in that, include: Mounting housing (100); Multiphase fluid inlet channel (400); A laser incident window (200) is fixedly mounted on the mounting housing (100) by a fastener; A water-guided laser coupling cavity (300) is disposed within the mounting housing (100); The laser incident window (200) is a high-transmittance window made of quartz material, used for the laser beam to be incident into the cavity, and the water-guided laser coupling cavity (300) is used as the core region for mixing and stratification of multiphase fluids. The multiphase fluid input channel (400) includes a high refractive index fluid channel (410), a low refractive index fluid channel (420), and a gas channel (430). The high refractive index fluid channel (410) is formed on the mounting housing (100) for conveying water-based fluid; The low-refractive-index fluid channel (420) is formed on the mounting housing (100) and located below the high-refractive-index fluid channel (410), and is used to transport fluorinated liquid or silicone oil; The gas channel (430) is formed on the mounting housing (100) and located below the low refractive index fluid channel (420) for introducing inert gas to form an annular gas curtain; The water-guided laser coupling cavity (300) includes: The tapered inlet section (310) is a cone-shaped design; Microgroove flow stabilizing section (320), wherein the microgroove flow stabilizing section (320) is provided with spiral microgrooves; A tapered outlet section (330) having a reduced-diameter outlet.

2. The water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a nozzle (500) and a sapphire plate (600); The nozzle (500) is disposed on the mounting housing (100) and located below the laser incident window (200); The sapphire sheet (600) is located at the nozzle (500) outlet to protect the laser window.

3. The water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer generating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes several fluid coupling ports (700); Several fluid coupling ports (700) are disposed on the water-guided laser coupling cavity (300). The fluid coupling ports (700) have a stepped diameter reduction structure, including the inlet aperture, transition section and outlet aperture from large to small. The inner wall of the fluid coupling port (700) is machined with axial microgrooves.

4. A method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer using the device described in claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A multiphase fluid is introduced into the water-guided laser coupling cavity (300) inside the mounting housing (100); The laser beam is introduced into the cavity through the laser incident window (200); An axially layered laminar interface is formed within the cavity between a high-refractive-index water-based fluid and a low-refractive-index protective fluid. This causes the laser beam to undergo total internal reflection coupling at the laminar interface; Material processing is performed by outputting a jet of coupled laser through a nozzle (500).

5. The method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of introducing multiphase fluid into the water-guided laser coupling cavity (300) within the mounting housing (100) further includes: Water-based fluid is injected through a high-refractive-index fluid channel (410); Fluorinated liquid or silicone oil is injected through the low refractive index fluid channel (420); An inert gas is injected through the gas channel (430) to form an annular gas curtain.

6. The method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The axial stratified laminar interface formed within the cavity between the high-refractive-index water-based fluid and the low-refractive-index protective fluid also includes: The fluid is accelerated through the converging inlet section (310); Turbulence is suppressed by spiral microgrooves in the microgroove steady flow section (320); The stratified laminar flow interface is formed in the conical outlet section (330).

7. The method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The axial stratified laminar interface formed within the cavity between the high-refractive-index water-based fluid and the low-refractive-index protective fluid also includes: Laminar flow is optimized by utilizing the stepped diameter reduction structure of the fluid coupling port (700); Interface stability is maintained through axial microgrooves.

8. The method for generating a water-guided laser multiphase fluid layer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The material processing via a jet of coupled laser output through a nozzle (500) further includes: The laser incident window (200) is protected by a sapphire sheet (600); The jet is controlled to impact the workpiece surface at a preset diameter.

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