Preparation method of low-cost and high-performance composite wear-resistant plate

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a low-cost and high-performance composite wear-resistant plate. The preparation method of the low-cost and high-performance composite wear-resisting plate comprises the following steps that firstly, the base plate and the wear-resisting layer material are subjected to rust removal and degreasing treatment; 2, the pretreated base plate and the pretreated wear-resistant layer material are overlapped, and the edges are welded and sealed through argon arc welding; thirdly, the assembled material is put into a heating furnace to be subjected to hot rolling treatment, and a plate is obtained; and fourthly, the hot-rolled plate is subjected to annealing treatment and then cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace, and the composite wear-resisting plate can be obtained after annealing treatment is completed. According to the preparation method of the low-cost and high-performance composite wear-resisting plate, the argon arc welding technology is adopted for preparing the composite wear-resisting plate, the preparation process is easy to operate, the overall deformation of the plate is small, the hardness is high, the wear resistance is high, and the good reprocessing performance is achieved; the quality is stable, the production cost is low, and the adaptability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wear-resistant plate technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, wear-resistant plates are widely used, such as cement pusher tooth plates, concrete mixer liners, mixing tower liners, and dust collector liners in construction machinery equipment; ore and stone crusher liners and blades in mining machinery equipment; and coal mill liners, coal hoppers, coal conveying pipes, coal distributor grids, and coal unloading equipment liners in thermal power equipment.

[0003] Regarding the aforementioned related technologies, the inventors believe that the following defects exist:

[0004] 1. Currently, wear-resistant steel plates are mainly made of high-chromium alloy steel and high-manganese alloy steel. High-alloy wear-resistant steel plates result in high production costs for enterprises and high prices for wear-resistant steel plates. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem of high production costs for enterprises, this invention provides a method for preparing low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plates.

[0006] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: a method for preparing a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Remove rust and degrease the substrate and wear-resistant layer material respectively;

[0008] Step 2: Stack the pretreated substrate and wear-resistant layer material together, and seal the edges with argon arc welding;

[0009] Step 3: Place the assembled materials into a heating furnace for hot rolling to obtain sheet metal.

[0010] Step 4: Anneal the hot-rolled sheet and then cool it to room temperature in the furnace. After completion, a composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

[0011] Step 5: Level the cooled wear-resistant plate using a plate rolling machine. After completion, a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above solution, the rust removal and degreasing steps in step one are as follows:

[0013] A1. Sandblasting is selected. The pressure of the sandblasting equipment is controlled in the range of 0.4-0.6MPa, and the sandblasting operation time is kept at 10-15 minutes. This operation can effectively remove oxide scale, rust and impurities from the material surface and form a suitable rough surface, laying the foundation for subsequent composite treatment.

[0014] A2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to soak the material in an alkaline degreasing agent solution at a temperature of 60-70℃ for 20-30 minutes. Under this temperature condition, the oil stains on the surface of the material can be fully dissolved and removed. After soaking, immediately rinse the material repeatedly with clean water to thoroughly remove any residual degreasing agent.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above solution, the substrate is made of Q235 steel plate with a thickness of 5-10mm. This thickness range ensures that the substrate has good strength and toughness. The wear-resistant layer material is made of alloy cast steel containing high carbon and high chromium with a thickness of 3-6mm. This thickness ensures that the wear-resistant layer has excellent wear resistance. Its composition by mass percentage is: chromium (Cr): 15~30%, carbon (C): 2~5%, silicon (Si): 0.2~1.0%, boron (B): 3~5.5%, aluminum (Al): 0.8~1.2%, with the balance being Fe. The effects are as follows:

[0016] Carbon (C): 2~5%: Carbon combines with elements such as chromium to form carbides, which are important elements to ensure the high hardness of the wear-resistant layer. When the C content is 2%, it can form a certain amount of carbides with elements such as Cr. When the C content increases to 5%, the number of carbides increases and the hardness of the material increases.

[0017] Silicon (Si): 0.2~1.0%: Silicon mainly plays a solid solution strengthening role, which can improve the strength and hardness of the matrix. At the same time, Si can improve the casting performance of the alloy and promote deoxidation. When the Si content is 0.2%, it can play a certain role in strengthening and improving casting performance. When the content increases to 1.0%, the strengthening effect is more obvious.

[0018] Boron (B): 3~5.5%: Boron can form hard borides such as FeB and CrB with elements such as iron and chromium. These borides have high hardness and can work synergistically with carbides to further improve the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer. When the B content is 3%, the amount of borides formed is moderate. When the content reaches 5.5%, the borides are evenly distributed and sufficient in quantity, and the wear resistance is significantly improved.

[0019] Aluminum (Al): 0.8~1.2%: Aluminum mainly plays a role in deoxidation and grain refinement in materials. Al has a strong affinity for oxygen, which can effectively remove oxygen from alloys and reduce oxide inclusions. At the same time, Al can refine grains and improve the mechanical properties of materials. When the Al content is 0.8%, it can achieve a good deoxidation and grain refinement effect; when the content increases to 1.2%, the effect is more significant.

[0020] As a further improvement to the above solution, the specific steps for welding and sealing in step two are as follows:

[0021] B1. Vacuum adsorption fixtures are used to ensure tight bonding of the overlapping surfaces. The vacuum level needs to be maintained between -0.08MPa and -0.1MPa to eliminate air gaps between layers.

[0022] B2. Before welding, wipe the welding area with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities. During the welding process, control the current in the range of 120-150A, and use a welding speed of 5-8mm / s. Use a straight back-and-forth welding method to ensure that the weld penetration reaches 3-5mm and forms a continuous and dense sealing structure.

[0023] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the welding uses D95 open arc welding wire with a diameter of 2.4mm. Ultrasonic testing is required for every 200mm of welding length to ensure that there are no defects such as pores or cracks inside the weld, thereby achieving a reliable composite of the substrate and the wear-resistant layer.

[0024] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the hot rolling process in step three is as follows:

[0025] C1. The material is placed in a heating furnace and heated gradually at a linear heating rate of 10-15℃ / min. When the temperature inside the furnace reaches the range of 1000-1200℃, it is kept at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours to ensure that the temperature of each part of the material is uniform and to fully eliminate internal stress.

[0026] C2. After completing step C1, the material is quickly transferred to a four-roll reversible hot rolling mill for rolling. During the rolling process, a rolling pressure of 500-800MPa is applied, and the rolls are driven at a constant speed of 1-3m / s. The single pass reduction rate is controlled at 15-25%.

[0027] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the four-roll reversible hot rolling mill in step C2 adopts a multi-pass rolling process. After each pass of rolling is completed, the surface flatness of the plate is detected and the temperature is monitored online to ensure that the rolling parameters meet the requirements.

[0028] As a further improvement to the above solution, the annealing process in step four is as follows:

[0029] D1. The annealing process adopts a stepped temperature control method, slowly raising the temperature to the range of 600-700℃. This temperature range can effectively soften the metal lattice and promote grain homogenization.

[0030] D2. The heat preservation stage lasts for 1-2 hours to ensure that the temperature of each part of the composite board is uniform and stable, so that the internal structure can fully complete the recrystallization process;

[0031] D3. After the heat preservation is completed, the furnace cooling process is adopted, and the cooling rate is controlled at 10-15℃ / min until it drops to room temperature to avoid the generation of new internal stress due to rapid cooling. After completion, a composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

[0032] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the alkaline degreasing agent in step one is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 5-8% sodium hydroxide, 10-15% sodium carbonate, 8-12% sodium phosphate, 3-5% sodium silicate, and the remainder is water.

[0033] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in the hot rolling composite process in step three, nitrogen is used as a protective gas with a nitrogen flow rate of 5-10 L / min.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] The composite wear-resistant plate prepared by the present invention using argon arc welding technology has a simple preparation process, small overall deformation of the plate, high hardness, strong wear resistance, and good reprocessing performance. Furthermore, the wear-resistant plate produced by this method also has the advantages of stable quality, low production cost, and strong adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the chemical composition of the welding wire in this invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental test of the wear-resistant plate in this invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the performance test results of the composite wear-resistant plates prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] (1) The substrate is made of ordinary carbon steel Q235 with a thickness of 5mm; the wear-resistant layer material is made of alloy cast steel containing high carbon and high chromium with a thickness of 3mm. The substrate and wear-resistant layer material are derusted by sandblasting with a sandblasting pressure of 0.4MPa and a sandblasting time of 10min. Then, degreasing is performed. The alkaline degreasing agent is composed of 5% sodium hydroxide, 10% sodium carbonate, 8% sodium phosphate, 3% sodium silicate and 74% water by mass percentage. It is soaked at 60℃ for 20min, rinsed with clean water and dried.

[0042] (2) The pretreated substrate and wear-resistant layer material are stacked together, and the edges are sealed by argon arc welding. The welding current is 120A and the welding speed is 5mm / s.

[0043] (3) The assembled material is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 1000℃ at a heating rate of 10℃ / min. It is kept at the temperature for 2 hours and then hot rolled. The rolling pressure is 500MPa, the rolling speed is 1m / s, and the pass reduction rate is 15%. During the hot rolling process, nitrogen is used as a protective gas with a nitrogen flow rate of 5L / min.

[0044] (4) The hot-rolled composite plate is annealed at 600°C for 1 hour and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace.

[0045] (5) The wear-resistant plate after cooling is leveled by a plate rolling machine. After the leveling is completed, a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] (1) The substrate is made of ordinary carbon steel Q235 with a thickness of 8mm; the wear-resistant layer material is made of alloy cast steel containing high carbon and high chromium with a thickness of 5mm. The substrate and wear-resistant layer material are derusted by sandblasting with a sandblasting pressure of 0.5MPa and a sandblasting time of 12min. Then, degreasing is performed. The alkaline degreasing agent is composed of 6% sodium hydroxide, 12% sodium carbonate, 10% sodium phosphate, 4% sodium silicate and 68% water by mass percentage. It is soaked at 65℃ for 25min, rinsed with clean water and dried.

[0048] (2) The pretreated substrate and wear-resistant layer material are stacked together, and the edges are sealed by argon arc welding. The welding current is 135A and the welding speed is 6mm / s.

[0049] (3) The assembled material is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 1100℃ at a heating rate of 12℃ / min. It is kept at the temperature for 2.5 hours and then hot rolled. The rolling pressure is 650MPa, the rolling speed is 2m / s, and the pass reduction rate is 20%. During the hot rolling process, nitrogen is used as a protective gas with a nitrogen flow rate of 8L / min.

[0050] (4) The hot-rolled composite plate is annealed at 650°C for 1.5 hours and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace.

[0051] (5) The wear-resistant plate after cooling is leveled by a plate rolling machine. After the leveling is completed, a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] (1) Pretreatment: The substrate is made of ordinary carbon steel Q235 with a thickness of 10mm; the wear-resistant layer material is made of alloy cast steel containing high carbon and high chromium with a thickness of 6mm. The substrate and wear-resistant layer material are derusted by sandblasting with a sandblasting pressure of 0.6MPa and a sandblasting time of 15min. Then, degreasing is performed. The alkaline degreasing agent is composed of 8% sodium hydroxide, 15% sodium carbonate, 12% sodium phosphate, 5% sodium silicate and 60% water by mass percentage. It is soaked at 70℃ for 30min, rinsed with clean water and dried.

[0054] (2) Assembly: The pretreated substrate and wear-resistant layer material are stacked together, and the edges are sealed by argon arc welding. The welding current is 150A and the welding speed is 8mm / s.

[0055] (3) Hot rolling composite: The assembled material is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 1200℃ at a heating rate of 15℃ / min. It is held for 3 hours and then hot rolled. The rolling pressure is 800MPa, the rolling speed is 3m / s, and the pass reduction rate is 25%. During the hot rolling process, nitrogen is used as a protective gas with a nitrogen flow rate of 10L / min.

[0056] (4) Subsequent treatment: The hot-rolled composite plate is annealed at 700℃ for 2 hours and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace.

[0057] (5) The wear-resistant plate after cooling is leveled by a plate rolling machine. After the leveling is completed, a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

[0058] In Examples 1-3, the wear-resistant layer material is made of alloy cast steel containing high carbon and high chromium. Its composition by mass percentage is: Cr: 15~30%, C: 2~5%, Si: 0.2~1.0%, B: 3~5.5%, Al: 0.8~1.2%, with the balance being Fe.

[0059] Chromium (Cr): 15~30%

[0060] Chromium (Cr) is a key element for improving the wear resistance of wear-resistant layers. When the Cr content is 15%, a certain amount of carbides can be formed, providing basic wear resistance to the material. As the Cr content increases to 30%, the number of carbides increases and the distribution becomes more uniform, which can significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the material.

[0061] Carbon (C): 2~5%

[0062] Carbon combines with elements such as chromium to form carbides, which are important elements to ensure the high hardness of the wear-resistant layer. When the C content is 2%, it can form a certain amount of carbides with elements such as Cr. When the C content increases to 5%, the number of carbides increases and the hardness of the material increases.

[0063] Silicon (Si): 0.2~1.0%

[0064] Silicon primarily functions as a solid solution strengthener, enhancing the strength and hardness of the matrix. Simultaneously, Si improves the casting properties of alloys and promotes deoxidation. When the Si content is 0.2%, it can provide some strengthening and improve casting properties; the strengthening effect is more pronounced when the content increases to 1.0%.

[0065] Boron (B): 3~5.5%

[0066] Boron can form hard borides such as FeB and CrB with elements such as iron and chromium. These borides have high hardness and can work synergistically with carbides to further improve the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer. When the B content is 3%, the amount of borides formed is moderate. When the content reaches 5.5%, the borides are evenly distributed and sufficient in quantity, and the wear resistance is significantly improved.

[0067] Aluminum (Al): 0.8~1.2%

[0068] Aluminum mainly plays a role in deoxidation and grain refinement in materials. Al has a strong affinity for oxygen, which can effectively remove oxygen from alloys and reduce oxide inclusions. At the same time, Al can refine grains and improve the mechanical properties of materials. When the Al content is 0.8%, it can achieve a good deoxidation and grain refinement effect; when the content increases to 1.2%, the effect is more significant.

[0069] Synergistic effect of elements: The carbides formed by Cr and C and the borides formed by B work together to form the hard phase in the wear-resistant layer, which together improves wear resistance. The solid solution strengthening effect of Si ensures the strength of the matrix. The deoxidation and grain refinement effect of Al improves the microstructure and properties of the material, so that the wear-resistant layer has high wear resistance while maintaining a certain toughness, which meets the requirements for use of composite wear-resistant plates.

[0070] The composite wear-resistant plates prepared in Examples 1-3 above were subjected to performance tests, and compared with composite wear-resistant plates prepared using existing hot-rolled composite technology (comparative sample). The test results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, from Figure 3 It can be seen that the composite wear-resistant plate prepared by the present invention is superior to the comparative sample in terms of hardness, wear resistance, impact toughness and bonding strength, which demonstrates the excellent performance of the present invention.

[0071] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Remove rust and degrease the substrate and wear-resistant layer material respectively; Step 2: Stack the pretreated substrate and wear-resistant layer material together, and seal the edges with argon arc welding; Step 3: Place the assembled materials into a heating furnace for hot rolling to obtain sheet metal. Step 4: Anneal the hot-rolled sheet and then cool it to room temperature in the furnace. After completion, a composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained. Step 5: Level the cooled wear-resistant plate using a plate rolling machine. After completion, a low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

2. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rust removal and degreasing procedures in step one are as follows: A1. Sandblasting is selected. The pressure of the sandblasting equipment is controlled in the range of 0.4-0.6MPa, and the sandblasting operation time is kept at 10-15 minutes. This operation can effectively remove oxide scale, rust and impurities from the material surface and form a suitable rough surface, laying the foundation for subsequent composite treatment. A2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to soak the material in an alkaline degreasing agent solution at a temperature of 60-70℃ for 20-30 minutes. Under this temperature condition, the oil stains on the surface of the material can be fully dissolved and removed. After soaking, immediately rinse the material repeatedly with clean water to thoroughly remove any residual degreasing agent.

3. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is made of Q235 steel plate with a thickness of 5-10mm. This thickness range ensures that the substrate has good strength and toughness. The wear-resistant layer material is made of alloy cast steel containing high carbon and high chromium with a thickness of 3-6mm. This thickness ensures that the wear-resistant layer has excellent wear resistance. Its composition, by mass percentage, is: chromium (Cr): 15-30%, carbon (C): 2-5%, silicon (Si): 0.2-1.0%, boron (B): 3-5.5%, aluminum (Al): 0.8-1.2%, with the balance being Fe. The effects are as follows: Carbon (C): 2~5%: Carbon combines with elements such as chromium to form carbides, which are important elements to ensure the high hardness of the wear-resistant layer. When the C content is 2%, it can form a certain amount of carbides with elements such as Cr. When the C content increases to 5%, the number of carbides increases and the hardness of the material increases. Silicon (Si): 0.2~1.0%: Silicon mainly plays a solid solution strengthening role, which can improve the strength and hardness of the matrix. At the same time, Si can improve the casting performance of the alloy and promote deoxidation. When the Si content is 0.2%, it can play a certain role in strengthening and improving casting performance. When the content increases to 1.0%, the strengthening effect is more obvious. Boron (B): 3~5.5%: Boron can form hard borides such as FeB and CrB with elements such as iron and chromium. These borides have high hardness and can work synergistically with carbides to further improve the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer. When the B content is 3%, the amount of borides formed is moderate. When the content reaches 5.5%, the borides are evenly distributed and sufficient in quantity, and the wear resistance is significantly improved. Aluminum (Al): 0.8~1.2%: Aluminum mainly plays the role of deoxidation and grain refinement in materials. Al has a strong affinity for oxygen, which can effectively remove oxygen in alloys and reduce oxide inclusions. At the same time, Al can refine grains and improve the mechanical properties of materials. When the Al content is 0.8%, it can achieve a good deoxidation and grain refinement effect; when the content increases to 1.2%, the effect is more significant.

4. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for welding and sealing in step two are as follows: B1. Vacuum adsorption fixtures are used to ensure tight bonding of the overlapping surfaces. The vacuum level needs to be maintained between -0.08MPa and -0.1MPa to eliminate air gaps between layers. B2. Before welding, wipe the welding area with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities. During the welding process, control the current in the range of 120-150A, and use a welding speed of 5-8mm / s. Use a straight back-and-forth welding method to ensure that the weld penetration reaches 3-5mm and forms a continuous and dense sealing structure.

5. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The welding uses D95 open arc welding wire with a diameter of 2.4mm. Ultrasonic testing is required for every 200mm of welding length to ensure that there are no defects such as pores or cracks inside the weld, thereby achieving a reliable composite of the substrate and the wear-resistant layer.

6. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot rolling process in step three is as follows: C1. The material is placed in a heating furnace and heated gradually at a linear heating rate of 10-15℃ / min. When the temperature inside the furnace reaches the range of 1000-1200℃, it is kept at a constant temperature for 2-3 hours to ensure that the temperature of each part of the material is uniform and to fully eliminate internal stress. C2. After completing step C1, the material is quickly transferred to a four-roll reversible hot rolling mill for rolling. During the rolling process, a rolling pressure of 500-800MPa is applied, and the rolls are driven at a constant speed of 1-3m / s. The single pass reduction rate is controlled at 15-25%.

7. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step C2, the four-roll reversible hot rolling mill adopts a multi-pass rolling process. After each pass of rolling is completed, the surface flatness of the plate is detected and the temperature is monitored online to ensure that the rolling parameters meet the requirements.

8. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annealing process in step four is as follows: D1. The annealing process adopts a stepped temperature control method, slowly raising the temperature to the range of 600-700℃. This temperature range can effectively soften the metal lattice and promote grain homogenization. D2. The heat preservation stage lasts for 1-2 hours to ensure that the temperature of each part of the composite board is uniform and stable, so that the internal structure can fully complete the recrystallization process; D3. After the heat preservation is completed, the furnace cooling process is adopted, and the cooling rate is controlled at 10-15℃ / min until it drops to room temperature to avoid the generation of new internal stress due to rapid cooling. After completion, a composite wear-resistant plate can be obtained.

9. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline degreasing agent in step one consists of the following components by mass percentage: Composition: Sodium hydroxide 5-8%, sodium carbonate 10-15%, sodium phosphate 8-12%, sodium silicate 3-5%, the remainder is water.

10. The method for preparing the low-cost, high-performance composite wear-resistant plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hot rolling composite process in step three, nitrogen is used as a protective gas with a flow rate of 5-10 L / min.

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