Upward horizontal layering high drift filling mining method
By merging access stops and optimizing the stratified connecting tunnels and mining processes in the upward horizontal stratified access filling mining method, the problems of high production costs and low stope production capacity were solved, and efficient and safe ore mining was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511085614.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing upward horizontal layered approach filling mining methods suffer from problems such as high production costs, low stope production capacity, and complex mining and filling processes. Furthermore, existing improved technologies are not effective when applied to unstable continuous ore bodies.
By increasing the structural parameters of the access stope in the vertical direction, vertically adjacent access stops are merged into a high access stope. The layered connecting tunnels and mining technology are optimized, and a "one-alternate-one-mining" mining sequence is adopted. Combined with vertical parallel shallow hole blasting and mixed ventilation in the lower layered stopes of the high access stope, the mining and backfilling processes are simplified.
It significantly improved the mine's production capacity, reduced production costs, simplified procedures, increased mining efficiency, and maintained the flexibility and safety of mining in unstable continuous ore bodies.
Smart Images
Figure CN120968612A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining technology, specifically relating to an upward horizontal layered high-path filling mining method. Background Technology
[0002] The upward horizontal layered approach backfilling mining method is a commonly used mining method for unstable ore bodies, and it is widely used in underground mines for precious metals (such as gold, silver, and platinum) or non-ferrous metals (such as copper, lead, and zinc) with high geological grades. As most metal mines in China have entered the deep mining stage, this method has become one of the preferred mining methods for underground metal deposits in order to effectively control deep ground pressure.
[0003] However, existing upward horizontal layered access filling mining methods have many problems, such as high production costs, low stope production capacity, and complex mining and filling processes, with limited room for optimization and improvement. Currently, this method mainly improves stope production capacity by increasing the structural parameters of the access stope, but due to the limitations of underground mining equipment, this can only be achieved by increasing the width of the access. However, increasing the width of the access leads to the exposed area of the stope roof exceeding the stable value, thus requiring corresponding support measures to prevent roof instability. In recent years, increasing the structural parameters of the access stope laterally has not significantly improved production efficiency.
[0004] Furthermore, some improved technologies also have significant drawbacks. For example, the combined upward approach and segmented backfill mining method is designed for continuous ore bodies. In moderately stable ore bodies, segmented backfill is applied, while in relatively unstable strata in the hanging wall, upward approach backfill is applied, thus combining the two methods. However, this technology suffers from drawbacks such as large preparation work volume, complex process organization, and unsuitability for unstable continuous ore bodies.
[0005] For example, in the upward approach backfilling mining process for copper and iron ore, the upper and lower layers are treated as a single mining unit, and the adjacent stops in the upper layer are divided into a spalling area and a pillar mining area. While this technology improves stope production capacity to some extent, it adds some backfilling steps and does not retain the flexibility and adaptability advantages of upward approach backfilling mining. Furthermore, this technology is not suitable for "alternate mining" sequences, which would lead to increased backfilling costs.
[0006] To address the aforementioned problems of existing upward horizontal stratified access filling mining methods while retaining their advantages of flexibility in exploration and mining, this invention proposes an upward horizontal stratified high-access filling mining method. Summary of the Invention
[0007] This invention provides an upward horizontal layered high-access filling mining method. This method increases the structural parameters of the access stope in the vertical direction, merges vertically adjacent access stops into a single high-access stope, and optimizes the layered connecting tunnels and mining processes to meet the "one-off" mining sequence required for access-type mining of unstable continuous ore bodies. This improves stope production capacity, reduces production costs, and simplifies mining and filling procedures.
[0008] The specific technical solution is as follows: The “one-way mining” mining sequence described in this invention refers to dividing the mining area into several stops and pillars. The stops are first-step mining areas, and the pillars are second-step mining areas. The first-step mining areas can be mined using the upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining method, and the second-step mining areas should preferably be mined using the upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
[0009] A method for upward horizontal layered high-path filling mining includes the following steps: S1. Stope layout: When the ore body thickness is greater than 20m, the access stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike; when the thickness is less than 20m, the access stope is arranged along the ore body strike. S2. Mining preparation and cutting: The mining preparation works, such as the stage along the vein transport roadway, the cross-vein transport roadway, the mining preparation ramp, the segment roadway, and the mining area chute, are arranged in the footwall of the ore body. The filling return air shaft is arranged near the contact line of the footwall of the ore body. The mining area cutting works are mainly based on the elevation staggered layered connecting roadway, which divides the panel ore body into several mining areas. S3. Mining and Ore Extraction: The high-access stope is divided into an upper stope and a lower stope, which are vertically corresponding. The upper stope is mined by horizontal shallow hole blasting, and the ore is extracted using a trackless electric (or diesel) loader. After the upper stope is mined, the lower stope is continuously mined by vertical parallel shallow hole blasting, and the ore is extracted using a remote-controlled trackless electric (or diesel) loader. S4. Ventilation in the mining area: Hybrid local fan ventilation is adopted. Fresh air is forced into the segmented roadways and layered connecting roads through the mining ramp by the forced local fan ventilation, and then enters the access mining area. The sludge in the access mining area is extracted to the backfilling air shaft on the hanging wall side of the ore body by the exhaust local fan ventilation. S5. Stope backfilling: After the mining of the upper and lower stopes is completed, reinforced concrete partition walls are constructed at the ends of the upper and lower stopes. The upper stope ends with a cantilevered, non-sealed partition wall, while the lower stope ends with a fully sealed partition wall. The backfilling pipe is located at the highest point of the upper stope end. The backfilling slurry is made of cemented backfilling material. The backfilling pipe is used to backfill the goaf once or multiple times to ensure that the backfilling of the upper stope is as close to the roof as possible.
[0010] Furthermore, step S2 involves finding staggered layered connecting roads, which refers to the fact that the elevations of the bottom plates at the ends of the upper and lower layered connecting roads are inconsistent, with an elevation difference of approximately one layer height. The upper layered connecting road is used for mining the upper layered stopes on the high-advance road, while the lower layered connecting road is used as the ore-exit connecting roadway for the lower layered stopes on the high-advance road.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the lower stratified stope of the high-advance roadway adopts vertical parallel shallow hole blasting for continuous retreat mining. This means that the lower stratified stope is equivalent to bench mining, and the upper stratified goaf can be used to carry out vertical parallel shallow hole blasting on the lower stratified ore body. The mining direction is opposite to that of the upper stratified stope.
[0012] Furthermore, after the end of the mining of the upper layered stope in step S3, support measures should be taken according to the stability of the surrounding rock, specifically shotcrete or anchor mesh support.
[0013] Furthermore, the 28-day strength of the cemented backfill body of the first-step stope formed by the high-advance and lower-layered stopes in step S5 should be controlled between 2.0 MPa and 2.5 MPa; the second-step stope (i.e., the pillar) adjacent to the first-step stope is mined using the upward horizontal layered backfill mining method, and the 28-day strength of its cemented backfill body should be controlled between 1.0 and 1.5 MPa.
[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By optimizing the stope layout, blasting process, and backfilling technology, this invention significantly improves stope production capacity, reduces production costs, enhances mining efficiency, and ensures mining safety. Furthermore, this method is highly compatible, can fully utilize existing engineering projects, and possesses high economic efficiency and practicality. It is particularly suitable for low-grade non-ferrous metal mines, helping to achieve the goal of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
[0015] (1) By increasing the structural parameters of the access stope in the longitudinal direction, this invention merges the vertically adjacent access stops in the one-step stope of the upward horizontal layered access filling mining method into a high access stope, and optimizes the layered connecting road and mining process, which satisfies the "one-by-one" mining sequence of access mining of unstable continuous ore bodies. This can greatly improve the production capacity of the stope, reduce the amount of preparation work, simplify the mining and filling process, and reduce the production cost.
[0016] (2) Vertical parallel shallow hole blasting is used for the lower layered stope of the high-advance road. Under the premise of having two free faces, one blast can blast 3 to 5 meters. Compared with the traditional horizontal shallow hole blasting, the blasting efficiency of the lower layered stope can be increased by about 50% to 150% based on a 2-meter calculation, which significantly improves the ore extraction efficiency.
[0017] (3) Under the condition that the preparatory engineering is in place, in terms of the overall mining efficiency of the mining area, the first-step stope prioritizes the mining of the upper strata, and then uses continuous retreat mining to mine the lower strata, which greatly optimizes the mining sequence and reduces waiting time and process conversion time. In addition, the elevation-staggered stratification connecting road formed by the high-advance mining allows the second-step stope to continuously mine two strata, which has a higher mining efficiency than the traditional method of mining one stratum ore body and then switching to mining the second stratum ore body.
[0018] (4) The mining preparation project of the present invention (except for the layered connecting road) is basically the same as the traditional upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method. The mine can directly apply it on the basis of the existing project without large-scale transformation, which reduces the difficulty and cost of implementation. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 Main view II for the upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining method; Figure 2 Right view of the upward horizontal stratified high-entry filling mining method Figure II-II ; Figure 3 Top view of the upward horizontal stratified high-entry filling mining method Figure III-III ; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the transition from high-level access road to layered mining and the top-mounted connecting roadway between layers (one section contains 5 layers); Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the transition from high-level access road to layered mining and the top-mounted connecting roadway (one section contains 4 layers); Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the layout of the layered connecting roadway for high-level mining in multi-mining areas; Figure 7 for Figure 3 Plan view of vertically adjacent layered mining areas on the BB section; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram; In the diagram: 1-Stage transport roadway along the vein, 2-Transit transport roadway, 3-Sectional roadway, 4-Mining ramp, 5-Mining area chute, 6-Backfill return air shaft, 7-Lower layer connecting roadway, 8-Upper layer connecting roadway, 9-High-level upper layer access roadway, 10-High-level lower layer access roadway, 11-Blast hole line, 12-Blasted bulk material pile, 13-Anchor mesh support, 14-Two-step stope, 15-Intermediate safety pillar. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the technical problems and solutions solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1
[0021] This embodiment provides an upward horizontal layered high-path filling mining method, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1, Mining Area Layout When the ore body thickness is greater than 20m, the access stop is arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike; when the thickness is less than 20m, the access stop is arranged along the ore body strike.
[0022] S2, Precision Cutting The preparatory works, such as the 1st haulage roadway along the vein, the 2nd haulage roadway across the vein, the 4th preparatory ramp, the 3rd segment roadway, and the 5th mining area chute, are arranged in the footwall surrounding rock of the ore body. The 6th backfill air shaft is arranged near the contact line of the hanging wall of the ore body. The stope cutting works are mainly based on the elevation-staggered layered connecting roadway, which divides the ore body of the panel into several mining areas.
[0023] Among them, the elevation-staggered layered connecting roadway refers to a connecting roadway where the elevations of the end plates of the upper and lower layered connecting roads are inconsistent, with an elevation difference of approximately one layer height. The upper layered connecting roadway is used for mining the upper layered stopes of the high-advance roadway, while the lower layered connecting roadway is used for the ore extraction connecting roadway of the lower layered stopes of the high-advance roadway.
[0024] S3, Mining and Ore Extraction in the Mining Area The Gaojinlu mine stope is divided into an upper stope and a lower stope, which are vertically aligned. The upper stope is preferentially mined using horizontal shallow-hole blasting, with ore removed using trackless electric (or diesel) loaders. After the upper stope is mined, the lower stope is continuously retreated using vertical parallel shallow-hole blasting, preferably with remote-controlled trackless electric (or diesel) loaders. Generally, to ensure the safety of ore extraction from the lower stope, support measures such as shotcrete or anchor mesh support should be implemented after the upper stope is mined, depending on the stability of the surrounding rock.
[0025] Among them, the lower layer stope of the high-advance road adopts vertical parallel shallow hole blasting for continuous retreat mining, which means that the lower layer stope is equivalent to bench mining. Vertical parallel shallow hole blasting can be carried out on the lower layer ore body using the upper layer goaf, and the mining direction is opposite to that of the upper layer stope.
[0026] S4, Mining Ventilation A hybrid local fan ventilation system is adopted. Fresh air is forced into the sub-section roadway 4 and the layered connecting roadway through the mining ramp, and then enters the access mining area. The sludge from the access mining area is pumped to the backfilling air shaft on the hanging wall of the ore body using an extraction local fan ventilation system.
[0027] S5, stope backfilling After the mining of the upper and lower stopes is completed, reinforced concrete partition walls are constructed at the ends of both stopes. The upper stope end uses a cantilevered, non-sealed partition wall, while the lower stope end uses a fully sealed partition wall. The filling pipe is located at the highest point of the upper stope end, and the filling slurry uses cemented filling material. The filling pipe is used to fill the goaf once or multiple times, ensuring that the filling of the upper stope reaches the roof as close as possible.
[0028] The strength of the cemented backfill differs between one-stage stopes (i.e., upper and lower stratified stopes) and two-stage stopes (i.e., pillars). In one-stage stopes using the upward horizontal stratified upper-stage backfill mining method, the 28-day strength of the cemented backfill should be controlled between 2.0 MPa and 2.5 MPa. In two-stage stopes using the upward horizontal stratified backfill mining method, the 28-day strength of the cemented backfill should be controlled between 1.0 and 1.5 MPa.
[0029] Specifically, 1) Mining like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the high-level upper-level stratified access stope 9 and the high-level lower-level stratified access stope 10 are merged into a high-level continuous return stope. The high-level upper-level stratified access stope 9 is mined first using the upper-level connecting roadway 8. Then, the high-level lower-level stratified access stope 10 is mined using the retreat mining method. After the ore is mined, it is transported to the mining area pass 5, and then transported to the main pass through the cross-vein transport roadway 2 and the stage along-vein transport roadway 1, and then hoisted to the surface.
[0030] Ore extraction and disposal: In the upper-level stratified access stope 9 of the high-level access road, the horizontal shallow-hole drilling and blasting are carried out through the opening of the upper-level connecting road 8. The blasted ore is transported to the mining pass 5 by a loader through the upper-level connecting road 8. In the lower-level stratified access stope 10 of the high-level access road, the mining direction is opposite to that of the upper-level stratified access stope 9 of the high-level access road. Vertical parallel shallow-hole drilling and blasting are carried out. The blasted ore is transported to the mining pass 5 by a loader through the lower-level connecting road 7.
[0031] Ventilation: Fresh air is forced through the mining ramp 4 into the section roadway 3, the lower layer connecting roadway 7, and the upper layer connecting roadway 8, and then enters the access mining area. Sewage from the access mining area is ventilated by the extraction local fan and pumped to the backfilling air shaft 6 on the hanging wall of the ore body.
[0032] 2) Mine filling After the mining of the upper-level access road stope 9 and the lower-level access road stope 10 is completed, a non-sealed partition wall with a cantilevered top is constructed at the opening of the layered connecting roadway 8, and a fully sealed partition wall is constructed at the opening of the layered connecting roadway 7. The filling pipe is arranged at the highest point of the end of the upper-level access road stope 9. The filling slurry is made of cemented filling material. The filling pipe is used to fill the goaf once or multiple times to ensure that the filling of the upper access road stope is as close to the top as possible.
[0033] 3) Safety Measures Drilling and ore extraction in the stratified access stope 10 of the high-level access road are carried out under the unsupported roof of the stratified access stope 9 of the high-level access road, which presents the following safety risks: Roof: After the completion of mining in the layered approach mining area 9 on the high-advance road, appropriate support measures should be taken, such as... Figure 1 Anchor mesh support 13.
[0034] Ore extraction: Ore extraction in the stratified access mining area 9 on the high-level access road is relatively safe. Ore extraction in the stratified access mining area 10 below the high-level access road should preferably be carried out using a remote-controlled loader to ensure the personal safety of on-site workers. Backfilling: The high-advance stope is a first-stage stope, and high-strength cemented backfilling should be used, and it should be connected to the roof as much as possible to ensure the safety of the second-stage stope mining.
[0035] 4) Explanation of the top-mounted access road to the layered mining area and the top-mounted connecting road When a segment contains 5 layers, it depends on the... Figure 3 The AA section is laid out in plan. Assuming the first layer is a horizontal ore body, the diagram of the transition from the high-advance stope to the next layer and the roof support of the connecting roadway is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the upper-level connecting roadway 8 is not necessarily an uphill roadway. For a single stope, the amount of work involved in roof removal from a high-level access road to a layered roadway is relatively large. Compared to conventional mining where all sections are filled with upward-horizontal layered access roads, the amount of roof removal work is 1.5 times that of a conventional access roadway when a section contains 5 layers; and when a section contains 4 layers ( Figure 5 The amount of work required for jacking is 1.33 times that of the conventional approach.
[0036] However, if the area along the strike can be divided into multiple mining zones, the amount of roof-lifting work is less than that of conventional approach mining. For example... Figure 6As shown, in conventional mining using an upward horizontal stratified approach with backfilling, both the upper stratified connecting tunnel 8 and the lower stratified connecting tunnel 7 should be constructed. In this case, when mining a single-stage stope using the upward horizontal stratified high-approach backfilling method, each upper stratified connecting tunnel 8 or lower stratified connecting tunnel 7 can serve both mining areas on either side, and the amount of roof removal for each connecting tunnel is much less than in conventional mining. Specifically, in a segment containing 5 strata, the roof removal workload for each upper stratified connecting tunnel 8 is the same as in conventional mining, while for each lower stratified connecting tunnel 7 it is 0.5 times that of conventional mining. Therefore, the amount of roof removal work for the stratified connecting tunnels in a high-approach stope can, to some extent, reduce the amount of preparatory work. Application Example 1
[0037] Taking a copper mine in Yunnan Province as an example, the ore body has a dip angle of approximately 75°–80°, an average thickness of approximately 10m–12m, and a geological copper grade of approximately 0.6%–0.8%. Considering the relatively unstable ore and rock, the upward horizontal stratified approach and backfilling mining method is applied. The cross-sectional dimensions of the access stope are 4m × 3.75m (width × height), with one section containing four layers, each layer having a height of 15m, and the middle section having a height of 60m. Due to the low geological grade of the ore body, the application of the upward horizontal stratified approach and backfilling mining method reveals a problem of difficulty in coordinating production capacity and production costs. Therefore, based on the existing preparatory work, the first-stage stope is mined using the upward horizontal stratified approach and backfilling mining method, while the second-stage stope continues to be mined using the conventional upward horizontal stratified approach and backfilling mining method.
[0038] One method for upward horizontal layered high-path filling mining has the following specific implementation steps: S1. Stope layout: The ore body thickness is 12m, and the access stops are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The first-stage high-access stop has a cross-sectional dimension of 4m × 7.5m (width × height) and a stop length of 50m; the second-stage conventional access stop has a cross-sectional dimension of 4m × 3.75m (width × height) and a stop length of 50m. The segment height and intermediate level height are consistent with the original working conditions.
[0039] S2, Collection sequence: like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, G1 and G2 are the upper-level access mining area and the lower-level access mining area, respectively, constituting... The first-step high-advance stope; C1 to C4 are conventional approach stopes, which are the second-step conventional approach stopes. The stope backfilling sequence is: backfilling G1 → backfilling G2 → backfilling G1 and G2 → backfilling C1 → backfilling C1 → backfilling C2 → backfilling C2 → backfilling C3 → backfilling C3 → backfilling C4 → backfilling C4.
[0040] S3, Pre-cutting: like Figure 1-3As shown, the preparatory works, such as the stage-along transport roadway 1, the cross-vein transport roadway 2, the segmented roadway 3, the preparatory ramp 4, and the mining area chute 5, are arranged in the footwall surrounding rock of the ore body. The backfilling air shaft 6 is arranged near the contact line of the hanging wall of the ore body. The stope cutting works are staggered-elevation layered connecting roads (upper layered connecting roadway 8 and lower layered connecting roadway 7), which divide the panel ore body into several mining areas with a length of 50m.
[0041] S4, Mining: One-step high-level access stope: The upper-level layered access stope G1 utilizes the opening of the layered connecting roadway 8 to carry out horizontal shallow-hole drilling and blasting to extract ore. The blasted ore is transported by a loader through the upper layered connecting roadway 8 to the mining pass 5. After the mining of the upper-level layered access stope G1 is completed, the roof and two sides of the stope should be supported by anchor mesh 13. The mining direction of the lower-level layered access stope G2 is opposite to that of the upper-level layered access stope G9. Vertical parallel shallow-hole drilling and blasting is carried out. The blasted ore is transported by a loader through the lower layered connecting roadway 7 to the mining pass 5.
[0042] Two-step conventional access stopes: C1 to C4 are conventional access stopes, which are also two-step stopes. Horizontal shallow hole drilling and blasting are used to extract ore. Among them, the ore after blasting in the conventional access stops (C1 and C2) is transported to the mining pass 5 by a loader through the lower layer connecting roadway 7. The ore after blasting in the conventional access stops (C3 and C4) is transported to the mining pass 5 by a loader through the upper layer connecting roadway 8.
[0043] S5. Mine filling: One-step high-advance stope: After the high-advance stopes (G1 and G2) are completed, a non-sealed partition wall with a cantilevered top is constructed at the opening of the layered connecting roadway 8, and a fully sealed partition wall is constructed at the opening of the layered connecting roadway 7. The filling pipe is arranged at the highest point of the end of the upper layer stope G1. The filling slurry uses cemented filling material. The filling pipe is used to fill the goaf once or multiple times to ensure that the filling of the high-advance stope is as close to the top as possible. The 28-day strength of the cemented filling material should be controlled between 2.0MPa and 2.5MPa.
[0044] Two-step conventional approach stope: After the completion of mining in stops C1 to C4, a non-sealed partition wall with a cantilevered roof is constructed at the end of each stope. Low-cement filling slurry can be used for filling, and the 28-day strength of the cemented filling body should be controlled between 1.0 and 1.5 MPa.
[0045] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Stope layout: When the ore body thickness is greater than 20m, the access stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike; when the thickness is less than 20m, the access stope is arranged along the ore body strike. S2, mining preparation and cutting: stage along the vein transport roadway (1), through the vein transport roadway (2), mining preparation ramp (4), segment roadway (3), mining area chute (5) These mining preparation works are arranged in the footwall of the ore body, and the filling return air shaft (6) is arranged near the contact line of the footwall of the ore body; the mining area cutting works are mainly based on the elevation staggered layered connecting roadway, which divides the ore body of the panel into several mining areas; S3. Mining and Ore Extraction: The high-access stope is divided into an upper-level stope and a lower-level stope, which are vertically corresponding. The upper-level stope is mined by horizontal shallow-hole blasting and ore is extracted using a loader. After the upper-level stope is mined, the lower-level stope is continuously mined by vertical parallel shallow-hole blasting and ore is extracted using a loader. S4. Ventilation in the mining area: Hybrid local fan ventilation is adopted. Fresh air is forced into the segment roadway (3) and the layered connecting roadway through the mining ramp (4) by the forced local fan ventilation, and then enters the access mining area. The sewage air in the access mining area is pumped to the backfilling air shaft (6) on the hanging wall side of the ore body by the extraction local fan ventilation. S5. Stope backfilling: After the mining of the upper and lower stopes is completed, reinforced concrete partition walls are constructed at the ends of the upper and lower stopes. The upper stope ends with a cantilevered, non-sealed partition wall, while the lower stope ends with a fully sealed partition wall. The backfilling pipe is located at the highest point of the upper stope end. The backfilling slurry is made of cemented backfilling material. The backfilling pipe is used to backfill the goaf once or multiple times to ensure that the backfilling of the upper stope is as close to the roof as possible.
2. The upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 involves finding staggered layered connecting roads, which refers to connecting roads where the elevations of the bottom plates at the ends of the upper and lower layered connecting roads are inconsistent, with an elevation difference of approximately one layer height. The upper layered connecting road is used for mining the upper layered stopes on the high-advance road, while the lower layered connecting road is used for the ore extraction connecting roadway of the lower layered stopes on the high-advance road.
3. A method for upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Step S3: The lower stratified stope of the high-advance roadway adopts vertical parallel shallow hole blasting for continuous retreat mining. This means that the lower stratified stope is equivalent to bench mining. Vertical parallel shallow hole blasting can be carried out on the lower stratified ore body using the upper stratified goaf. The mining direction is opposite to that of the upper stratified stope.
4. The upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the mining of the upper-layered stope in step S3 is completed, support measures should be taken according to the stability of the surrounding rock. Specifically, shotcrete or anchor mesh support can be selected.
5. A method for upward horizontal layered high-entry filling mining according to any one of claims 1-2 or 4, characterized in that, The 28-day strength of the cemented backfill in the first-stage stope, which consists of the upper and lower stratified stopes along the high-advance road in step S5, should be controlled between 2.0 MPa and 2.5 MPa. The second-stage stope adjacent to the first-stage stope is mined using the upward horizontal stratified road backfilling mining method, and the 28-day strength of its cemented backfill should be controlled between 1.0 and 1.5 MPa.