Rapid cooling and dust removing system for metal smelting crucible and cooling and dust removing method of rapid cooling and dust removing system

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid cooling and dust removing system and method for a metal smelting crucible. The system comprises a cooling and dust removing device, a dust remover, an air compressor, a water pump, a limiting switch, a time relay and a controller. An air outlet of the air compressor is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the air blowing pipe and an air inlet of the water spraying pipe of the cooling dust removal device through hoses; a water outlet of the water pump communicates with a water inlet of the spray pipe through a hose; and a limiting switch is arranged on a sealing furnace cover of the smelting furnace. The method comprises the following steps: (1) moving the cooling dust removal device in place; and (2) cooling and dedusting. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for the metal smelting crucible has the beneficial effects that the automatic cooling and dust removal functions on the smelting crucible are achieved, the cooling rate and the dust removal effect on the crucible are improved, and the field environment is protected; the invention discloses a rapid cooling and dust removing method for a metal smelting crucible. The method is high in automation degree, manual intervention and operation errors are reduced, the cooling speed is remarkably increased, and the crucible cooling period is shortened. The pollution of dust to workshop air is greatly reduced, the health of operators is protected, and meanwhile, the adhesion abrasion of dust to equipment is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of smelting crucible dust removal, and particularly relates to a metal smelting crucible rapid cooling and dust removal system and a cooling and dust removal method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rare earth permanent magnet alloy material neodymium iron boron is an important magnetic material, which is called "magnetic king" due to excellent magnetic properties. The preparation method of neodymium iron boron is that first, each raw material is added into a crucible of a smelting furnace for smelting, then the smelted raw material is poured out from the crucible furnace nozzle to the upper tundish of the tundish device, then flows to the lower tundish, and is cast on a rotating cooling copper roller through the liquid outlet of the lower tundish, and then after crushing and cooling, powdering, pressing and sintering are performed to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnetic material. After each smelting is completed, the smelting crucible needs to be cooled and slagged, that is, after the current smelting operation is completed, the temperature in the crucible is 800-900 DEG C, and a large amount of slag is attached to the crucible wall, so that the crucible wall needs to be cooled for slagging operation. In order to improve production efficiency, at present, an axial flow fan is generally placed on the platform above the smelting crucible, and then forced air cooling is performed towards the open direction of the smelting crucible, so that the slag in the smelting crucible can be cooled to black (i.e. the temperature is reduced to 200-300 DEG C) in 20-40 minutes. However, the above cooling method has the following problems: the dust and fine slag in the crucible are blown up and fly out of the opening of the smelting crucible, forming a large amount of dust, polluting the working environment, and causing loss of slag. The patent with application number 202510912971.1 and the name of a dust removal structure for neodymium iron boron sheet crucible slagging process discloses that two symmetrical spray units are arranged on the conical structure of the dust suction pipe, and a mixing unit for mixing dust and water mist is arranged on the tubular structure of the dust suction pipe. The present application adopts a rotatable water pipe to drive the circumferentially distributed spray pipes to rotate synchronously, continuously sprays cooling water mist into the dust suction pipe through the two atomizing nozzles on the spray pipe, actively cools, prolongs the service life of the equipment, and the rotating cylinder drives the wavy plate-shaped pushing plate to rotate, the outer convex arc surface of the pushing plate pushes the dust radially outward along the dust suction pipe, forces the dust to quickly approach the spray area, significantly accelerates the mixing efficiency of the dust and water mist, improves the cooling effect and the dust removal efficiency.

[0003] However, the above patent has the following problems: 1. The above dust removal structure only has the function of absorbing the dust discharged from the open mouth of the smelting crucible, and does not have the function of cooling the smelting crucible; 2. The dust removal structure in the above patent needs to be arranged above the smelting crucible, and the high-temperature baking will cause the cooperation gap of the fine parts in it to change, the material to age, and other problems, and the dust will also enter the rotating parts between the water pipe and the support bracket, and the rotating parts between the rotating cylinder and the inner support of the dust suction pipe, causing serious wear of the rotating parts, and thus reducing the service life of the above dust removal structure; 3. The structure of the above dust removal structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, there are many easy-to-wear parts, and thus the maintenance difficulty and cost are high, which is not suitable for use in high-temperature environment. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a metal smelting crucible rapid cooling and dust removal system and a cooling and dust removal method thereof. The cooling and dust removal system provided by the present application realizes the automatic cooling and dust removal function of the smelting crucible, improves the cooling rate and dust removal effect of the crucible, and protects the on-site environment. The cooling and dust removal method has high automation degree, reduces manual intervention and operation error, significantly improves the cooling speed, shortens the crucible cooling period, greatly reduces the pollution of dust to the air in the workshop, protects the health of the operators, and reduces the adhesion and wear of dust to the equipment.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application discloses a metal smelting crucible rapid cooling and dust removal system, which comprises a smelting furnace and a support platform, the support platform is arranged around the smelting furnace, and the system further comprises a cooling and dust removal device, a dust collector, an air compressor, a water pump, a limit switch, a time relay and a controller. The cooling and dust removal device is rotatably arranged below the support platform, the gas outlet at one end of the cooling and dust removal device is communicated with the gas inlet of the dust collector through a hose, the other end of the cooling and dust removal device is located above the smelting furnace, the gas outlets of the air compressor are respectively communicated with the gas inlets of the air blowing pipe and the water spraying pipe of the cooling and dust removal device through hoses, the water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the water inlet of the water spraying pipe through a hose, a limit switch is arranged on the sealing furnace cover of the smelting furnace, the signal output ends of the limit switch and the time relay are both signal-connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is respectively signal-connected with the signal input ends of the dust collector, the air compressor, the water pump, the automatic telescopic rod of the cooling and dust removal device, the first driving motor and the second driving motor.

[0006] Furthermore, the cooling and dust removal device includes a first suction pipe, an automatic telescopic rod, a connecting blind pipe, a second suction pipe, the air blowing pipe, and the water spray pipe; the first suction pipe is rotatably disposed below the support platform, the fixed end of the automatic telescopic rod is movably hinged to the lower part of the support platform, and the telescopic end of the automatic telescopic rod is movably hinged to the side wall of the first suction pipe; one end of the first suction pipe is connected to the dust collector via a flexible hose, and the other end of the first suction pipe is fixedly connected to an "L"-shaped bend, with the connecting blind pipe rotatably connected to the end of the bend away from the suction pipe. A blind tube is provided, with a second suction tube fixedly connected to the side wall of the blind tube; an air blowing tube is movably inserted into the second suction tube, one end of the air blowing tube movably penetrates the side wall of the blind tube and has an air inlet connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, and the other end of the air blowing tube has an air outlet; a water spray tube is fixedly inserted into the air blowing tube, one end of the water spray tube penetrates the air blowing tube and is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor and the water outlet of the water pump respectively through a three-way connector via a flexible hose, and the other end of the water spray tube is provided with a water spray nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, a gear ring is fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the end of the connecting blind pipe near the bend, and a first drive motor is fixedly installed on the bend. The output end of the first drive motor is coaxially fixed with a first gear that meshes with the gear ring for transmission.

[0008] Furthermore, a rack is fixed to the outer wall of the air outlet pipe, and a second drive motor is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting blind pipe. The output end of the second drive motor is coaxially fixed with a second gear that meshes with the rack for transmission.

[0009] Furthermore, a conical dust hood is fixedly installed at the end of the second suction pipe away from the connecting blind pipe, and the bottom diameter of the dust hood is larger than the opening diameter of the crucible.

[0010] Furthermore, an air blower head is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the air blowing pipe inside the dust collection hood. Several air outlet holes are opened on the side of the air blower head away from the air blowing pipe. The other end of the water spray pipe passes through the air blower head. The outer diameter of the air blower head is smaller than the inner diameter of the crucible.

[0011] Furthermore, several air outlet holes are also provided on the side wall of the air blowing head.

[0012] Furthermore, a one-way valve is installed in the pipeline between the water pump and the spray pipe.

[0013] Another aspect of the technical solution of the present invention discloses a method for rapid cooling and dust removal of metal smelting crucibles. The method is based on a rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles and specifically includes the following steps: (1) The cooling and dust removal device moves into place: When the signal that the sealed furnace cover of the smelting furnace is opened into place is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the automatic telescopic rod of the cooling and dust removal device to start. The automatic telescopic rod extends and pushes the first dust suction pipe, so that the first dust suction pipe rotates 90° from below the support platform to above the smelting furnace and stops. Then, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the first drive motor to start rotating forward, driving the connecting blind pipe to rotate 90° and then stop. (2) Cooling and dust removal: After the first drive motor in step (1) stops, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the dust collector, air compressor, water pump and second drive motor to start, and introduces air at 0.5-0.8MPa into the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe. At the same time, water at a flow rate of 0.5-1.5L / min is introduced into the water spray pipe. Under the push of compressed air, water mist is formed at the spray nozzle of the water spray pipe. The second drive motor rotates forward to drive the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe to descend until the distance between the spray nozzle of the water spray pipe and the bottom of the crucible is 8-12cm. Then the second drive motor rotates in reverse to drive the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe to rise back to their original positions. This process is repeated. After 8-10 minutes, the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe rise back to their original positions, the second drive motor stops, and the air compressor and water pump are also controlled to stop. Then, after a delay of 10-15 seconds, the controller controls the dust collector to stop.

[0014] Furthermore, after step (2), the following steps are also included: the cooling dust removal device is restored to its original position: after the dust collector in step (2) stops, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the first drive motor to start reversing, driving the connecting blind pipe to rotate 90° in the opposite direction and then stop. Then, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the automatic telescopic rod to start, and the automatic telescopic rod retracts and rotates the first suction pipe 90° back to the support platform and stops.

[0015] Advantages of this invention: 1. This invention discloses a rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles, which realizes the automatic cooling and dust removal function of smelting crucibles, improves the cooling rate and dust removal effect of crucibles, and protects the on-site environment.

[0016] 2. This invention discloses a rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles. The cooling and dust removal device has low manufacturing cost. Only the dust suction hood, air blowing pipe, air blowing head and water spray pipe are close to the high temperature area. The rest of the transmission structure is far away from the high temperature area, thus avoiding damage to the transmission components, having a long service life, simple maintenance, and being suitable for use in high temperature environments.

[0017] 3. This invention discloses a rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles. Compressed air and water are introduced into the water spray pipe to form a water mist that is sprayed into the crucible, achieving rapid cooling of the crucible. Compressed air is blown out through the air outlet of the air blower head to cool the crucible. The dust suction pipe sucks away and collects the dust discharged from the open end of the crucible. Therefore, this invention has two functions: cooling the crucible and removing dust. The cooling effect can be achieved in 8-10 minutes. While accelerating cooling, it also realizes dust recovery and protects the working environment.

[0018] 4. This invention discloses a rapid cooling and dust removal method for metal smelting crucibles. It has a high degree of automation, reduces manual intervention and operational errors, and adopts a technical approach of "compressed air + water mist synergistic cooling". It also optimizes the cooling coverage effect through "reciprocating lifting", which significantly improves the cooling speed and shortens the crucible cooling cycle. That is, the cooling time of slag in the smelting crucible is reduced from 20-40 minutes by axial flow fan to 8-10 minutes.

[0019] 5. This invention discloses a method for rapid cooling and dust removal of metal smelting crucibles. During the cooling process, water mist not only cools the crucible but also "wets and agglomerates" the dust remaining after smelting, increasing the weight of the dust particles and preventing them from spreading with the hot airflow. Compressed air introduced through the blowing pipe can help "guide" the agglomerated dust to the suction pipe, and then be extracted by the negative pressure of the dust collector, achieving "source dust control + rapid collection", which greatly reduces dust pollution to the workshop air, protects the health of operators, and reduces dust adhesion and wear on equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support platform and the cooling and dust removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of section AA.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A bottom view.

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of part B.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a control schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] 1. Smelting furnace, 101. Sealed furnace cover, 2. Support platform, 3. Cooling and dust removal device, 301. First dust suction pipe, 302. Automatic telescopic rod, 303. Connecting blind pipe, 304. Second dust suction pipe, 305. Air blowing pipe, 306. Water spray pipe, 307. Bend, 308. Dust suction hood, 309. Gear ring, 310. First drive motor, 311. First gear, 312. Second drive motor, 313. Second gear, 314. Air blowing head, 315. Air outlet, 3151. Dust collector, 4. Air compressor, 5. Water pump, 6. Limit switch, 7. Time relay, 8. Controller, 9. Check valve, 10. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments.

[0029] Example 1: As Figures 1-6 As shown, a rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles includes a smelting furnace 1 and a support platform 2. The support platform 2 is arranged around the smelting furnace 1. It also includes a cooling and dust removal device 3, a dust collector 4, an air compressor 5, a water pump 6, a limit switch 7, a time relay 8, and a controller 9. The cooling and dust removal device 3 is rotatably mounted below the support platform 2. One end of the cooling and dust removal device 3 is connected to the air inlet of the dust collector 4 via a flexible hose. The other end of the cooling and dust removal device 3 is located above the smelting furnace 1. The air outlet of the air compressor 5 is connected to the air inlet of the cooling and dust removal device 3. The air inlet of the air blowing pipe 305 and the air inlet of the water spray pipe 306 are connected by a flexible hose; the water outlet of the water pump 6 is connected to the water inlet of the water spray pipe 306 by a flexible hose; a limit switch 7 is installed on the sealed furnace cover 101 of the smelting furnace 1, and the signal output terminals of the limit switch 7 and the time relay 8 are connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 9. The signal output terminal of the controller 9 is connected to the signal input terminals of the dust collector 4, the air compressor 5, the water pump 6, the automatic telescopic rod 302 of the cooling and dust removal device 3, the first drive motor 310, and the second drive motor 313, respectively. This realizes the automatic cooling and dust removal function of the smelting crucible, improves the cooling rate and dust removal effect of the crucible, and protects the on-site environment.

[0030] The cooling and dust removal device 3 includes a first suction pipe 301, an automatic telescopic rod 302, a connecting blind pipe 303, a second suction pipe 304, an air blowing pipe 305, and a water spray pipe 306. The first suction pipe 301 is rotatably mounted below the support platform 2. The fixed end of the automatic telescopic rod 302 is movably hinged to the bottom of the support platform 2, and the telescopic end of the automatic telescopic rod 302 is movably hinged to the side wall of the first suction pipe 301. One end of the first suction pipe 301 is connected to the dust collector via a flexible hose. 4. Connection: The other end of the first suction pipe 301 is fixedly connected to an "L"-shaped bend 307. A connecting blind pipe 303 is rotatably connected to the end of the bend 307 away from the suction pipe. A second suction pipe 304 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting blind pipe 303. A conical suction hood 308 is fixedly installed at the end of the second suction pipe 304 away from the connecting blind pipe 303. The bottom diameter of the suction hood 308 is larger than the opening diameter of the crucible. The automatic telescopic rod 302 is a cylinder.

[0031] An air blowing pipe 305 is movably inserted into the second suction pipe 304. One end of the air blowing pipe 305 movably passes through the side wall of the blind pipe 303 and has an air inlet that communicates with the air outlet of the air compressor 5. The other end of the air blowing pipe 305 has an air outlet. A water spray pipe 306 is fixedly inserted into the air blowing pipe 305. One end of the water spray pipe 306 passes through the air blowing pipe 305 and is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 5 and the water outlet of the water pump 6 respectively through a three-way connector via a flexible hose. The other end of the water spray pipe 306 is provided with a water spray nozzle. A one-way valve 10 is provided in the pipeline between the water pump 6 and the water spray pipe 306.

[0032] A gear ring 309 is fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the end of the connecting blind pipe 303 near the bend pipe 307. A first drive motor 310 is fixedly installed on the bend pipe 307. A first gear 311 that meshes with the gear ring 309 is fixedly fixed to the output end of the first drive motor 310.

[0033] A rack 312 is fixed to the outer wall of the air outlet pipe, and a second drive motor 313 is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting blind pipe 303. A second gear 314 that meshes with the rack 312 is coaxially fixed to the output end of the second drive motor 313.

[0034] An air blowing head 315 is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the air blowing pipe 305 inside the dust hood 308. Several air outlet holes 3151 are opened on the side of the air blowing head 315 away from the air blowing pipe 305. The other end of the water spray pipe 306 passes through the air blowing head 315. The outer diameter of the air blowing head 315 is smaller than the inner diameter of the crucible. Several air outlet holes 3151 are also opened on the side wall of the air blowing head 315.

[0035] The cooling and dust removal device 3 has low manufacturing cost. Only the dust suction hood 308, the air blowing pipe 305, the air blowing head 315 and the water spray pipe 306 are close to the high temperature area. The rest of the transmission structure is far away from the high temperature area, thus avoiding damage to the transmission components, having a long service life, simple maintenance, and being suitable for use in high temperature environments.

[0036] Compressed air and water are introduced into the water spray pipe 306 to form a water mist that is sprayed into the crucible, achieving rapid cooling of the crucible. Compressed air is blown out through the air outlet 3151 on the air blower 315 to cool the crucible. The dust suction pipe sucks away and collects the dust discharged from the open crucible. Therefore, this invention has two functions: cooling the crucible and removing dust. The cooling effect can be achieved in 8-10 minutes. While accelerating cooling, dust is recovered, protecting the working environment.

[0037] Example 2: A method for rapid cooling and dust removal of a metal smelting crucible, the method being based on the system implementation of Example 1, specifically including the following steps: (1) Cooling and dust removal device 3 moves into position: When the signal of the sealed furnace cover 101 of the smelting furnace 1 being opened into position is transmitted to the controller 9, the controller 9 controls the automatic telescopic rod 302 of the cooling and dust removal device 3 to start. The automatic telescopic rod 302 extends and pushes the first dust suction pipe 301, so that the first dust suction pipe 301 rotates 90° from below the support platform 2 to above the smelting furnace 1 and stops. Then, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller 9 controls the first drive motor 310 to start rotating forward, driving the connecting blind pipe 303 to rotate 90° and then stop. (2) Cooling and dust removal: After the first drive motor 310 in step (1) stops, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller 9 controls the dust collector 4, air compressor 5, water pump 6 and the second drive motor 313 to start, and introduce air at 0.5-0.8 MPa into the air blowing pipe 305 and the water spray pipe 306. At the same time, water at a flow rate of 0.5-1.5 L / min is introduced into the water spray pipe 306. Under the push of the compressed air, the water forms a water mist at the spray nozzle of the water spray pipe 306. The atomized particles are fine and have a wide diffusion range, which can quickly contact the surface of the high-temperature crucible and remove a large amount of heat through "evaporation and heat absorption". Compared with simple air cooling, the heat exchange efficiency of water mist cooling is increased by 3-5 times. The second drive motor 313 rotates forward to drive the air blowing pipe 305 and the water spray pipe 306. The crucible descends until the distance between the water nozzle of the water spray pipe 306 and the bottom of the crucible is 8-12cm. Then, the second drive motor 313 reverses to drive the air blowing pipe 305 and the water spray pipe 306 back to their original positions. This process is repeated for 8-10 minutes. After that, the air blowing pipe 305 and the water spray pipe 306 return to their original positions, the second drive motor 313 stops, and the air compressor 5 and the water pump 6 also stop. After a delay of 10-15 seconds, the controller 9 stops the dust collector 4. Compressed air is simultaneously introduced into the air blowing pipe 305. On the one hand, this accelerates the diffusion of water mist and ensures that the surface of the crucible (especially the bottom) is cooled evenly, avoiding excessive local temperature differences that could cause the crucible to crack. On the other hand, it helps to disperse the hot air on the surface, forming a dual cooling effect of "air cooling + water cooling".

[0038] The distance between the water spray pipe 306 and the bottom of the crucible is controlled at 8-12cm, which ensures the water mist cooling efficiency and avoids the risks of "too close a distance causing cold water to directly impact the high-temperature crucible (causing the crucible to crack)" or "too far a distance causing cooling / dust removal failure".

[0039] (3) Cooling and dust removal device 3 returns to its original position: After the dust collector 4 in step (2) stops, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller 9 controls the first drive motor 310 to start and reverse, driving the connecting blind pipe 303 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction and then stop. After a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller 9 controls the automatic telescopic rod 302 to start, and the automatic telescopic rod 302 retracts, taking the first suction pipe 301 to rotate 90° back to the support platform 2 and stop.

[0040] This invention features a fully automated process, from moving the cooling and dust removal device 3 into position to cooling and dust removal, and finally restoring the device to its original position. All steps are automatically executed by the controller 9 according to preset logic. This avoids problems such as "position alignment deviation" and "improper start-up and shutdown timing" that occur during manual operation, reduces reliance on operator experience, and improves operational consistency. Furthermore, this invention eliminates the need for manual personnel to approach the high-temperature smelting furnace 1 throughout the entire process; only remote monitoring by the controller 9 is required, completely avoiding the safety risks of operator exposure to high temperatures and dust.

[0041] The method of this invention reduces crucible wear through "gentle cooling + precise control" while protecting the supporting equipment. The water mist cooling is a "gentle heat absorption" process, and the reciprocating motion of the air blowing pipe 305 / water spray pipe 306 ensures a uniform temperature difference on the crucible surface, avoiding the thermal expansion and contraction cracking of the crucible caused by traditional "sudden cooling" (such as directly pouring cold water), thus extending the service life of the crucible. In addition, the dust collector 4 promptly captures dust, preventing dust from entering the melting furnace 1 or the cooling system, reducing dust wear on components such as the drive motor and automatic telescopic rod 302, lowering the equipment failure rate, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0042] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid cooling and dust removal system for a metal smelting crucible, comprising a smelting furnace and a support platform, wherein the support platform is arranged around the smelting furnace, characterized in that, It also includes a cooling and dust removal device, a dust collector, an air compressor, a water pump, a limit switch, a time relay, and a controller. The cooling and dust removal device is rotatably mounted below the support platform. The air outlet of one end of the cooling and dust removal device is connected to the air inlet of the dust collector via a flexible hose. The other end of the cooling and dust removal device is located above the smelting furnace. The air outlet of the air compressor is connected to the air inlet of the blowing pipe and the air inlet of the water spray pipe of the cooling and dust removal device via flexible hoses. The water outlet of the water pump is connected to the water inlet of the water spray pipe via a flexible hose. A limit switch is provided on the sealed furnace cover of the smelting furnace. The signal output terminals of the limit switch and the time relay are both connected to the signal input terminal of the controller via signal connections. The signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the signal input terminals of the dust collector, the air compressor, the water pump, the automatic telescopic rod of the cooling and dust removal device, the first drive motor, and the second drive motor via signal connections.

2. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling and dust removal device includes a first suction pipe, an automatic telescopic rod, a connecting blind pipe, a second suction pipe, an air blowing pipe, and a water spray pipe. The first suction pipe is rotatably disposed below the support platform. The fixed end of the automatic telescopic rod is hinged to the lower part of the support platform, and the telescopic end of the automatic telescopic rod is hinged to the side wall of the first suction pipe. One end of the first suction pipe is connected to the dust collector via a flexible hose, and the other end of the first suction pipe is fixedly connected to an "L"-shaped bend. The connecting blind pipe is rotatably connected to the end of the bend away from the suction pipe. The second suction pipe is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting blind pipe; the air blowing pipe is movably inserted into the second suction pipe, one end of the air blowing pipe movably penetrates the side wall of the connecting blind pipe and has an air inlet connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, and the other end of the air blowing pipe has an air outlet. The water spray pipe is fixedly inserted into the air blowing pipe, one end of the water spray pipe penetrates the air blowing pipe and is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor and the water outlet of the water pump respectively through a three-way connector via a flexible hose, and the other end of the water spray pipe is provided with a water spray nozzle.

3. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 2, characterized in that, A gear ring is fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the end of the connecting blind pipe near the bend. A first drive motor is fixedly installed on the bend. The output end of the first drive motor is coaxially fixed with a first gear that meshes with the gear ring for transmission.

4. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 2, characterized in that, A rack is fixed to the outer wall of the air outlet pipe, and a second drive motor is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting blind pipe. A second gear that meshes with the rack is coaxially fixed to the output end of the second drive motor.

5. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 2, characterized in that, A conical dust hood is fixedly installed at the end of the second suction pipe away from the connecting blind pipe, and the bottom diameter of the dust hood is larger than the opening diameter of the crucible.

6. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 5, characterized in that, An air blower head is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the air blower pipe inside the dust collection hood. Several air outlet holes are opened on the side of the air blower head away from the air blower pipe. The other end of the water spray pipe passes through the air blower head. The outer diameter of the air blower head is smaller than the inner diameter of the crucible.

7. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 6, characterized in that, Several air outlet holes are also provided on the side wall of the air blowing head.

8. The rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to claim 1, characterized in that, A one-way valve is installed in the pipeline between the water pump and the spray pipe.

9. A method for rapid cooling and dust removal of a metal smelting crucible, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the rapid cooling and dust removal system for metal smelting crucibles according to any one of claims 1-8, and specifically includes the following steps: (1) The cooling and dust removal device moves into place: When the signal that the sealed furnace cover of the smelting furnace is opened into place is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the automatic telescopic rod of the cooling and dust removal device to start. The automatic telescopic rod extends and pushes the first dust suction pipe, so that the first dust suction pipe rotates 90° from below the support platform to above the smelting furnace and stops. Then, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the first drive motor to start rotating forward, driving the connecting blind pipe to rotate 90° and then stop. (2) Cooling and dust removal: After the first drive motor in step (1) stops, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the dust collector, air compressor, water pump and second drive motor to start, and introduces air at 0.5-0.8MPa into the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe, and at the same time introduces water at a flow rate of 0.5-1.5L / min into the water spray pipe. The second drive motor rotates forward to drive the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe to descend until the distance between the water spray nozzle and the bottom of the crucible is 8-12cm. Then the second drive motor rotates in reverse to drive the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe to rise back to their original positions. This process is repeated. After 8-10 minutes, the air blowing pipe and water spray pipe rise back to their original positions, the second drive motor stops, and at the same time the air compressor and water pump are also stopped. Then after a delay of 10-15 seconds, the controller controls the dust collector to stop.

10. A method for rapid cooling and dust removal of a metal smelting crucible according to claim 9, characterized in that, The following steps are included after step (2): Cooling and dust removal device returns to its original position: After the dust collector in step (2) stops, after a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the first drive motor to start and reverse, driving the connecting blind pipe to rotate 90° in the opposite direction and then stop. After a delay of 1-3 seconds, the controller controls the automatic telescopic rod to start, and the automatic telescopic rod retracts and rotates the first suction pipe 90° back to the support platform and stops.

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