A recoverable fuse

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fuses, and discloses a recoverable fuse, which comprises an outer shell body, an insulating layer coated on the outer side of the outer shell body, a mica glass tube arranged on the inner side of the outer shell body and located at the upper end of the outer side of a ceramic insulating tube, a negative thermal expansion assembly and a thermal expansion assembly arranged on the outer side of the ceramic insulating tube and close to the lower end of the mica glass tube, a piston ring slidably connected in the ceramic insulating tube, a conductive rod penetrating through the inner part of the piston ring, and a conductive disc fixedly connected to the lower end of the conductive rod. In the application, the negative thermal expansion assembly is filled with a negative thermal expansion composite material composed of zirconium tungstate particles and graphene particles; the thermal expansion assembly is filled with a thermal expansion composite material composed of paraffin, polyethylene wax and copper particles, so that automatic circuit breaking and passing can be realized; the recoverable fuse has the advantages of high breaking capacity, high sensitivity, fast response speed and good reliability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuses, in particular to a recoverable fuse. BACKGROUND

[0002] A recoverable fuse is a protective element that can automatically disconnect when an overload or short circuit occurs in an electrical circuit, and can be manually reset after the fault is eliminated. It combines the overload protection function of traditional fuses with the convenience of reset switches, providing safer and more reliable protection for electrical systems. It is widely used in various applications that require circuit protection, such as household appliances, automotive electronics, industrial equipment, etc. In these applications, the resettable fuse not only effectively prevents damage to equipment caused by overload or short circuit, but also quickly restores normal power supply after the fault is eliminated, improving the availability and reliability of the equipment.

[0003] A recoverable fuse is disclosed in Chinese patent (publication number CN103871801B), which includes a cylindrical shell, a through hole is provided in the shell along the axial direction, and the shell is provided with a lead current terminal and an outgoing current terminal at both ends of the through hole, a ceramic insulating tube is provided in the through hole on the side of the lead current terminal, a mica glass layer is provided between the inner wall of the through hole and the outer wall of the ceramic insulating tube, and between the lead current terminal and the shell, a metal ball is provided in the through hole and in contact with the outgoing current terminal, the metal ball is in contact with the inner wall of the through hole and is sealed, the ceramic insulating tube between the lead current terminal and the metal ball and the through hole is filled with metallic sodium, and the through hole is filled with 20 megapascal high-pressure argon gas between the metal ball and the outgoing current terminal; it has the advantages of simple structure, safety and reliability, no need to replace the fuse, repeated use, good economy, strong practicality, easy to popularize and apply.

[0004] However, when a short circuit or overload occurs, the metal ball is directly pushed open by argon gas and separated from the outgoing current terminal, which results in a large resistance during disconnection, low sensitivity, and poor breaking capacity. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a recoverable fuse to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a recoverable fuse, including the shell body and the insulating layer that is coated in the outside of shell body, the inside center position of shell body is provided with ceramic insulation pipe, the upper end of ceramic insulation pipe is fixedly connected with conducting ring no.

[0008] As a further scheme of the utility model: the inside of ceramic insulation pipe is separated into the metal chamber above and the gas chamber below by conducting rod and piston ring, the metal chamber is filled with low melting point alloy, and the gas chamber is filled with inert gas.

[0009] As a further scheme of the utility model: the upper end of conducting ring no.

[0010] As a further scheme of the utility model: the negative thermal expansion component includes insulating shell no.

[0011] As a further scheme of the utility model: one end of the horn no.

[0012] As a further scheme of the utility model: the gas bag is filled with compressed gas, the inside of insulating shell no.

[0013] As a further scheme of the utility model: the heat expansion component includes insulating shell no.

[0014] As a further scheme of the utility model: the lower end of the gas tube no.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application: the interior of the two insulating shells and the two heat-conducting plates is filled with a heat-expandable composite material, the heat-expandable composite material is made of paraffin, polyethylene wax and copper particles in a mass ratio of (7-8):(1-2):1, the particle size of the copper particles is 30-50 nm, and the particle size of the heat-expandable composite material is 80-100 nm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present application fills the negative thermal expansion assembly with a negative thermal expansion composite material composed of zirconium tungstate particles and graphene particles; the graphene improves the heat conduction performance of the negative thermal expansion composite material, so that the zirconium tungstate particles can fully absorb heat and ensure uniform heating; when the current is overloaded or short-circuited, the zirconium tungstate particles are heated and their volume becomes smaller; the pressure of the compressed gas in the gas pocket becomes smaller, so that the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber can flow into the gas tube two after being heated and melted; and when the circuit is broken, the volume of the zirconium tungstate particles becomes larger, the compressed gas in the gas pocket pushes the sealing ball one, and the low-melting-point alloy in the gas tube two is pushed into the metal chamber and solidified again in the metal chamber, thereby restoring the circuit.

[0018] The present application fills the heat-expandable assembly with a heat-expandable composite material composed of paraffin, polyethylene wax and copper particles; the copper particles improve the heat conduction performance of the heat-expandable composite material; the paraffin and polyethylene wax fully absorb heat and ensure uniform heating; the polyethylene wax improves the paraffin melting temperature, so that the melting temperature of the heat-expandable composite material is close to the melting point of the low-melting-point alloy; when the current is overloaded or short-circuited, the paraffin and polyethylene wax are heated and melted, and their volume becomes larger; the inert gas in the gas chamber is pushed to the direction of the metal chamber, so that the conductive disc and the conductive ring two are separated and the circuit is broken; and when the circuit is broken, the volume of the heat-expandable composite material is small, the pressure of the inert gas in the gas chamber becomes smaller, and the liquid low-melting-point alloy pushes the piston ring downward, so that the conductive disc and the conductive ring two are in contact again and the circuit is restored.

[0019] The recoverable fuse has high breaking capacity, high sensitivity, fast response speed and good reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a recoverable fuse;

[0021] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of a recoverable fuse;

[0022] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a sectional plan schematic diagram of a recoverable fuse;

[0023] Figure 4 Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a negative thermal expansion component in a resettable fuse;

[0024] Figure 5 Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a thermal expansion component in a resettable fuse;

[0025] Figure 6 Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a ceramic insulation tube in a resettable fuse;

[0026] Figure 7 Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a resettable fuse in a conducting state;

[0027] Figure 8 Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a resettable fuse in a breaking state.

[0028] Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a resettable fuse in a conducting state; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a negative thermal expansion component in a resettable fuse; Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a thermal expansion component in a resettable fuse; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a ceramic insulation tube in a resettable fuse; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a resettable fuse in a conducting state; Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a resettable fuse in a breaking state. Fig. 1: 1, outer shell; 2, ceramic insulation tube; 3, mica glass tube; 4, conductive ring one; 5, current lead-in terminal; 6, insulation layer; 7, negative thermal expansion component; 71, insulation shell one; 72, air pipe one; 73, air pocket; 74, air pipe two; 75, horn mouth one; 76, sealing ball one; 77, heat conducting plate one; 8, conductive rod; 9, conductive ring two; 10, current lead-out terminal; 11, conductive disc; 12, gas chamber; 13, piston ring; 14, thermal expansion component; 141, insulation shell two; 142, heat conducting plate two; 143, horn mouth two; 144, sealing ball two; 145, air pipe three; 15, metal chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6In the embodiment of the present application, a recoverable fuse includes a shell 1, an insulating layer 6 coated on the outside of the shell 1, a ceramic insulating tube 2 arranged at the center of the inside of the shell 1, a conductive ring one 4 fixedly connected to the upper end of the ceramic insulating tube 2 in the inside of the shell 1, a conductive ring two 9 fixedly connected to the lower end of the ceramic insulating tube 2 in the inside of the shell 1, a mica glass tube 3 arranged at the upper end of the outside of the ceramic insulating tube 2 in the inside of the shell 1, a negative thermal expansion assembly 7 and a thermal expansion assembly 14 arranged at the lower end of the outside of the ceramic insulating tube 2 close to the mica glass tube 3, respectively, a piston ring 13 slidingly connected in the inside of the ceramic insulating tube 2, a conductive rod 8 penetrating through the inside of the piston ring 13, a conductive disc 11 fixedly connected to the lower end of the conductive rod 8, the conductive rod 8 and the piston ring 13 separating the inside of the ceramic insulating tube 2 into a metal chamber 15 above and a gas chamber 12 below, the metal chamber 15 filled with a low-melting-point alloy such as sodium-potassium alloy, the low-melting-point alloy electrically connecting the conductive ring one 4 and the conductive rod 8, the gas chamber 12 filled with an inert gas such as argon, the inert gas pushing the piston ring 13 and the conductive rod 8 to the direction of the metal chamber 15 when the low-melting-point alloy melts and the inert gas is under certain pressure, so that the conductive disc 11 is separated from the conductive ring two 9 to form an open circuit.

[0031] In Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the upper end of the conductive ring one 4 is fixedly connected with a current input terminal 5, the lower end of the conductive ring two 9 is fixedly connected with a current output terminal 10, the current input terminal 5 is electrically connected with an incoming line terminal outside, the current output terminal 10 is electrically connected with an outgoing line terminal outside, when the conductive ring one 4 is electrically connected with the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15, the conductive rod 8, the conductive disc 11 and the conductive ring two 9, a path is formed; on the contrary, when the conductive disc 11 is separated from the conductive ring two 9, an open circuit is formed; the mica glass tube 3 is used for insulation and arc extinguishing; when the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15 melts, the mica glass tube 3 can form an insulating gap to prevent the spread of electric arc, and its high-temperature-resistant characteristic can quickly extinguish the electric arc to avoid the damage of the equipment caused by the continuous combustion of the electric arc.

[0032] In Figure 4 and Figure 6In the embodiment, the negative thermal expansion assembly 7 comprises an insulating shell 71 and a heat-conducting plate 77 forming a closed space with the insulating shell 71. One end of the insulating shell 71 is connected to a gas pocket 73 through a gas pipe 72, one end of the gas pocket 73 is connected to a trumpet 75 through a gas pipe 74, the inside of the gas pipe 74 is provided with a sealing ball 76, and one end of the trumpet 75 is connected to the metal chamber 15. When the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15 is heated and melted, it can flow into the gas pipe 74 from the trumpet 75, thereby pushing the sealing ball 76 to slide in the gas pipe 74. The heat-conducting plate 77 is embedded in the inner side wall of the ceramic insulating tube 2, and can absorb the heat released when the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15 is heated and melted. The gas pocket 73 is filled with compressed gas such as nitrogen. The inside of the insulating shell 71 and the heat-conducting plate 77 is filled with a negative thermal expansion composite material, which is mixed by zirconium tungstate particles and graphene particles in a mass ratio of (4-6):1. The particle size of the zirconium tungstate particles is 30-50 nm, and the particle size of the graphene particles is 80-100 nm. The thermal conductivity of the negative thermal expansion composite material is improved by the graphene, so that the zirconium tungstate particles can fully absorb heat and ensure uniform heating.

[0033] When the current is overloaded or short-circuited, the zirconium tungstate particles in the insulating shell 71 and the heat-conducting plate 77 are heated and the volume is reduced, so that the pressure of the compressed gas in the gas pocket 73 is reduced. At this time, the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15 is heated and melted, and then flows into the gas pipe 74 from the trumpet 75, and pushes the sealing ball 76, so that the gas pocket 73 remains balanced. When the circuit is broken, the heat decreases, the zirconium tungstate particles expand, the volume increases, and the compressed gas in the gas pocket 73 is squeezed. The compressed gas in the gas pipe 74 pushes the sealing ball 76 in the direction of the trumpet 75, and the low-melting-point alloy in the gas pipe 74 is pushed into the metal chamber 15 through the sealing ball 76, and is solidified again in the metal chamber 15.

[0034] Embodiment 2

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6In the embodiment of the present application, the heat expansion assembly 14 comprises an insulating shell 141 and a heat conducting plate 142 forming a closed space with the insulating shell 141. One end of the insulating shell 141 is connected with a gas tube 145 through a trumpet 143. The inside of the gas tube 145 is provided with a sealing ball 144. The lower end of the gas tube 145 is connected with the piston ring 13. The filling in the insulating shell 141 and the heat conducting plate 142 can flow into the gas tube 145 after heat expansion, thereby pushing the sealing ball 144 to slide in the gas tube 145 and further extruding the inert gas in the gas chamber 12. The heat conducting plate 142 is embedded in the inner side wall of the ceramic insulating tube 2. The heat conducting plate 142 can absorb the heat released when the low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15 is heated and melted. The inside of the insulating shell 141 and the heat conducting plate 142 is filled with a heat expansion composite material. The heat expansion composite material is mixed by paraffin, polyethylene wax and copper particles according to a mass ratio of (7-8):(1-2):1. The particle size of the copper particles is 30-50 nm. The paraffin and the polyethylene wax are wrapped on the copper particles. The particle size of the heat expansion composite material is 80-100 nm. The copper particles improve the heat conductivity of the heat expansion composite material. The paraffin and the polyethylene wax can fully absorb the heat and ensure the heat uniformity. The polyethylene wax improves the heat melting temperature of the paraffin, so that the melting temperature of the heat expansion composite material is close to the melting point of the low-melting-point alloy. When the low-melting-point alloy is heated and melted, the heat expansion composite material also starts to melt.

[0036] When the current is overloaded or short-circuited, the paraffin and the polyethylene wax are heated and melted, and the volume is increased. The paraffin and the polyethylene wax flow into the gas tube 145 from the trumpet 143 and push the sealing ball 144. At this time, the inert gas in the gas chamber 12 is pressed to the direction of the metal chamber 15, and the piston ring 13 is driven to move to the direction of the metal chamber 15 together with the conductive rod 8 and the conductive disc 11. The conductive disc 11 and the conductive ring 9 are separated, and the circuit is broken. When the circuit is broken, the heat is reduced, the volume of the heat expansion composite material is small, the pressure of the inert gas in the gas chamber 12 is small, and the liquid low-melting-point alloy in the metal chamber 15 pushes the piston ring 13 downward. The piston ring 13 drives the conductive rod 8 and the conductive disc 11 to move to the direction of the gas chamber 12 together. The conductive disc 11 and the conductive ring 9 are in contact again, and the circuit is restored. At the same time, the inert gas pushes the sealing ball 144 to the direction of the insulating shell 142, so that the heat expansion composite material enters the insulating shell 141 and the heat conducting plate 142 again. The breaking capacity is strong, the sensitivity is high, the response speed is fast, and the reliability is good.

[0037] The working principle of the present application is that the drainage input terminal 5 is electrically connected with the incoming line end outside, and the drainage output terminal 10 is electrically connected with the outgoing line end outside. Figure 7 and Figure 8When the current is overloaded or short-circuited, a large amount of heat is generated; the low-melting alloy in the metal chamber 15 melts; at the same time, the zirconium tungstate particles in the insulating shell 71 and the heat-conducting plate 77 are heated and their volume is reduced; thus, the pressure of the compressed gas in the gas pocket 73 is reduced, and the low-melting alloy in the metal chamber 15 can flow into the gas tube 2 from the horn 1 after being heated and melted; at the same time, the paraffin and polyethylene wax in the insulating shell 2 and the heat-conducting plate 2 are heated and melted, and their volume is increased; and they flow into the gas tube 3 from the horn 2 and push the sealing ball 2, at this time, the pressure of the inert gas in the gas chamber 12 is increased, and the piston ring 13 is pushed towards the metal chamber 15, and the conductive rod 8 and the conductive disc 11 are moved together towards the metal chamber 15, the conductive disc 11 and the conductive ring 2 are separated, and the circuit is broken;

[0038] When the circuit is broken, the heat is reduced, the volume of the heated and expanded composite material is small, the pressure of the inert gas in the gas chamber 12 is reduced, the liquid low-melting alloy in the metal chamber 15 pushes the piston ring 13 downwards, and the piston ring 13 drives the conductive rod 8 and the conductive disc 11 to move together towards the gas chamber 12, the conductive disc 11 and the conductive ring 2 are in contact again, and the circuit is closed; at the same time, the inert gas pushes the sealing ball 2 towards the insulating shell 2, so that the heated and expanded composite material enters the insulating shell 2 and the heat-conducting plate 2 again; at the same time, the zirconium tungstate particles expand and their volume is increased, and they squeeze the compressed gas in the gas pocket 73, and the compressed gas pushes the sealing ball 1 in the gas tube 2 towards the horn 1, and the low-melting alloy in the gas tube 2 is pushed into the metal chamber 15 through the sealing ball 1, and is solidified again in the metal chamber 15.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A recoverable fuse comprising an outer housing (1) and an insulating layer (6) applied to the outer side of the outer housing (1), characterized in that, The center position of the inside of the outer shell (1) is provided with a ceramic insulating tube (2), the upper end of the ceramic insulating tube (2) is fixedly connected with a conductive ring one (4) in the inside of the outer shell (1), and the lower end of the ceramic insulating tube (2) is fixedly connected with a conductive ring two (9) in the inside of the outer shell (1), the upper end of the outside of the ceramic insulating tube (2) is provided with a mica glass tube (3) in the inside of the outer shell (1), and the lower end of the outside of the ceramic insulating tube (2) is provided with a negative thermal expansion assembly (7) and a thermal expansion assembly (14) respectively near the mica glass tube (3), the inside of the ceramic insulating tube (2) is slidably connected with a piston ring (13), the inside of the piston ring (13) is provided with a conductive rod (8) penetratingly, and the lower end of the conductive rod (8) is fixedly connected with a conductive disc (11). The negative thermal expansion assembly (7) comprises an insulating shell one (71) and a heat conducting plate one (77) forming a closed space with the insulating shell one (71), one end of the insulating shell one (71) is communicated with a gas pocket (73) through a gas pipe one (72), one end of the gas pocket (73) is communicated with a horn one (75) through a gas pipe two (74), the inside of the gas pipe two (74) is provided with a sealing ball one (76), one end of the horn one (75) is communicated with a metal chamber (15), and the heat conducting plate one (77) is embedded in the inner side wall of the ceramic insulating tube (2). The thermal expansion assembly (14) comprises an insulating shell two (141) and a heat conducting plate two (142) forming a closed space with the insulating shell two (141), one end of the insulating shell two (141) is communicated with a gas pipe three (145) through a horn two (143), the inside of the gas pipe three (145) is provided with a sealing ball two (144), the lower end of the gas pipe three (145) is communicated with the piston ring (13), and the heat conducting plate two (142) is embedded in the inner side wall of the ceramic insulating tube (2).

2. A recoverable fuse according to claim 1, wherein The conductive rod (8) and the piston ring (13) divide the inside of the ceramic insulating tube (2) into a metal chamber (15) located above and a gas chamber (12) located below, the metal chamber (15) is filled with a low melting point alloy, and the gas chamber (12) is filled with an inert gas.

3. A recoverable fuse according to claim 1, wherein The upper end of the conductive ring one (4) is fixedly connected with a drainage input terminal (5), and the lower end of the conductive ring two (9) is fixedly connected with a drainage output terminal (10).

4. A recoverable fuse according to claim 1, wherein The gas pocket (73) is filled with compressed gas, the inside of the insulating shell one (71) and the heat conducting plate one (77) is filled with a negative thermal expansion composite material, the negative thermal expansion composite material is mixed by zirconium tungstate particles and graphene particles according to a mass ratio of (4-6):1, the particle size of the zirconium tungstate particles is 30-50nm, and the particle size of the graphene particles is 80-100nm.

5. A recoverable fuse according to claim 1, wherein The interior of the insulating shell two (141) and the heat-conducting plate two (142) is filled with a heat-expandable composite material, which is formed by mixing paraffin, polyethylene wax and copper particles in a mass ratio of (7-8):(1-2):1, the particle size of the copper particles is 30-50 nm, and the particle size of the heat-expandable composite material is 80-100 nm.

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