Construction and system implementation of water and fertilizer integrated accurate control model

Abstract

The invention discloses construction and system implementation of a water and fertilizer integrated accurate control model. The system determines the appropriate single-time irrigation amount (irrigation quota) according to the root system distribution and the soil type of the planting object; reasonably distributing the demands for different nutrients in different growth periods of the plant to each growth period of the plant according to a nutrient demand curve, and determining the fertilizer dosage in each growth period; and considering irrigation amounts and fertilization amounts in different growth periods, determining a fertilization concentration suitable for single operation, calculating a series of suitable nutrient solution preparation concentrations, and recommending the concentrations to a user for selection. Model construction is presented in a software mode, peripheral electrical equipment is controlled directly or remotely through a controller, and the function of precise irrigation and fertilization is achieved. Through the construction and implementation of the system, the use convenience of the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated system can be greatly enhanced, a set of simple and easy-to-use production tool is provided for planting farmers and agricultural technical service personnel, and agricultural precise irrigation and precise fertilization decision making are assisted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a new type of water and fertilizer production management in agricultural planting industry, and in particular to a construction of a water and fertilizer integrated precision control model and a system implementation. BACKGROUND

[0002] The domestic water and fertilizer integrated industry has been basically mature in the production of hardware facilities such as PE pipe, PVC pipe, filter, fertilizer barrel, electromagnetic valve and fertilizer machine after years of development. The domestic water and fertilizer integrated industry is developing like a raging fire, but there are still many deficiencies in the product design, structure and function of the water and fertilizer integrated control equipment represented by the fertilizer machine, and there is still a lot of room for quality improvement in the future.

[0003] The existing water and fertilizer integrated control system products on the market at present, including four-channel fertilizer machine, single-channel fertilizer machine, generally have functions including opening and closing of each channel valve, flow collection, fertilizer and water filtration; the low-end fertilizer machine product uses ball valve manual switch, uses simple float ball flowmeter, and has no accurate pump valve control and water and fertilizer metering; the high-end fertilizer machine product uses electric valve, multi-channel Venturi fertilizer feeder to absorb fertilizer, but the Venturi fertilizer feeder has the disadvantages of insufficient stability of fertilizer absorption, large pressure loss and low fertilizer absorption efficiency.

[0004] In summary, the existing deficiencies of the water and fertilizer integrated control system products mainly include: 1. In the product design, Venturi fertilizer feeder is generally used to absorb fertilizer, and the pressure loss is large and the fertilizer absorption efficiency is low by absorbing fertilizer liquid through the pressure difference before and after the fertilizer absorption port; 2. In the hardware control, most of them cannot regard all the areas of the zoned wheel irrigation as a unified whole, integrate the first irrigation and fertilization control function, the field valve remote control function and the soil temperature and humidity condition collection function into one, and control them uniformly. Most of them are independent switches of single pump valve, and manual selection and switching control are needed. Once the switching logic is wrong, it will affect the safety of the system; 3. In the software design, there is a lack of consideration of suitable irrigation and fertilization amount. There is no suitable irrigation amount determined according to the root distribution characteristics of plants and soil types, resulting in blind irrigation or irrigation according to experience. There is no suitable way to determine the fertilization amount and fertilization concentration, which may cause insufficient or excessive fertilization, affect the quality of planting products, and even cause water damage, pesticide damage and fertilizer damage; 4. In the system operation, a large amount of manual experience is needed, and the reliability, systematicness and stability are poor. When farmers do not have good agricultural knowledge background and are not familiar with the water and fertilizer integrated system, they will not know where to start, and it is difficult to meet the needs of agricultural production management.

[0005] The present application is designed and developed to solve the above problems and realize the precision and automation of agricultural production. It includes system design, software function and hardware function to realize the three parts.

[0006] The system design part controls the partition reasonably by investigating the influencing factors such as planting varieties, area, water quantity, climate environment, soil type and road, calculates the water quantity and pressure, designs the pipeline layout, determines the pipe material quantity, and puts the design parameters into the software as a part of system operation to realize the customization of software functions.

[0007] The software function part realizes the determination of water and fertilizer quantity for different growth periods of the planting object, including determining the appropriate single irrigation quantity (irrigation quota) according to the root distribution of the planting object and the soil type; reasonably distributing the nutrient requirement of different growth periods of the plant to each growth period according to the nutrient requirement curve to determine the fertilizer quantity of each growth period; considering the irrigation quantity and fertilizer quantity of different growth periods to determine the appropriate fertilizer concentration of single operation of the water and fertilizer integrated system, and calculating a series of appropriate nutrient solution concentration to recommend to the user.

[0008] The hardware function part uses a control board with an embedded single-chip microcomputer as the core to control and manage the peripheral electrical equipment such as irrigation water pump, fertilizer machine, flow meter, pressure gauge, field valve, camera and various sensing and detecting equipment through local Lora networking communication, and integrates the above peripheral electrical equipment into a whole through the control board card to realize the above system functions through wired or wireless communication; signal transmission is realized through 4G network to realize signal interaction with the cloud platform and realize the function of remote control.

[0009] Therefore, a method for realizing a water and fertilizer integrated precision water and fertilizer control system is proposed, which is characterized in that the system realization includes a client system (computer or mobile phone), a cloud platform, a fertilizer machine, a first board controller, a field controller (2-way, 4-way, 6-way field controller) and related peripheral equipment such as constant pressure water supply irrigation water pump, field valve, camera and various sensing and detecting equipment.

[0010] The client system designs a computer running program and a mobile phone running program, which can realize the calculation and management function of precise irrigation quantity, fertilizer quantity and fertilizer concentration according to the system design parameters, and can control the controller locally or remotely under off-grid and 4G conditions respectively.

[0011] The fertilizer machine includes single or multi-channel fertilizer valve, flow meter, liquid level detection, high-pressure fertilizer injection pump, filter and other devices, and auxiliary facilities such as fertilizer barrel, fertilizer mixing barrel, stirring motor and feeding pump to realize the functions of shunting and timed and quantitative metering of fertilizer liquid for multiple fertilizer channels; high-pressure fertilizer injection pump is used for precise and efficient injection.

[0012] The cloud platform is used for processing user and device identification, signal and information transfer and data storage when using 4G remote control.

[0013] The first plate controller is an ARM-based high-performance embedded processor, which realizes integrated device control of constant pressure water supply irrigation water pump and fertilizer machine related electrical devices, uses wireless or wired mode to connect field controllers to realize remote control of field valves and sensor data acquisition, and uses a 4G module to connect a cloud platform for signal transmission.

[0014] The field controller (terminal controller) is an ARM-based high-performance embedded processor, which realizes switch control of field electric valves and acquisition and transmission of sensing detection data, and uses wireless or wired mode to connect the first plate controller.

[0015] Further, the field controller uses a solar panel and a lithium battery to supply power to the field site, converts light energy into electrical energy through the solar panel, uses a trickle charger to store and manage lithium battery charging and discharging through a solar controller, and supplies power for field valve switching, field controllers and sensing detection devices.

[0016] Compared with traditional water and fertilizer integrated products, the characteristics of the present application mainly include: Serial number Traditional product technical characteristics Technical characteristics of the present application Technical effects 1. System design The partitioned water output is not taken as the core factor of water and fertilizer management, which makes the control of irrigation amount, fertilizer amount and fertilizer concentration lack of basis and rely on experience. The partitioned water output is taken as a system parameter or design function and integrated into the software, which is the basis for the precise control of irrigation amount, fertilizer amount and fertilizer concentration. Realize precise irrigation, precise fertilization and precise concentration control 2. Fertilizer machine structure The Venturi fertilizer applicator is used to suck fertilizer, which has large pressure loss, low fertilizer suction efficiency, large fertilizer pump power and large volume, and is time-consuming and laborious to install. The high-pressure pump is used to inject fertilizer, which has small fertilizer pump power, small volume and simple installation. The stable and efficient injection of fertilizer can be applied to various fertilizer application occasions 3. System integration The functions of the fertilizer machine and the field valve control are independent, and each region needs to be manually switched, which is easy to misoperate. The first fertilizer machine and the field valve control function are integrated, the multi-region task sequence is executed in order, and one-key operation is realized. The system contains a 4G module connected to the cloud platform to realize remote control. Task sequencing, one-key operation, simple and clear, and convenient control 4. Closed-loop control logic There is no closed-loop with soil temperature and humidity conditions, and water management relies on manual experience. Each planting area is provided with a soil temperature and humidity sensor, and the terminal collects soil temperature and humidity conditions at regular intervals after connecting to the system to generate automatic irrigation decision. The system automatically generates irrigation and fertilization decisions to assist users in making operation decisions 5. Development of central control system PLC industrial control system is used for design and development, special development software and special equipment, limited functions, high cost, less database support and general visual effect. Object-oriented high-level language software development, graphical interface, intuitive and dynamic visualization, database support and historical water and fertilizer operation data at a glance. The state of various planting areas is visually visible, and valuable historical data is available. 6. Precise calculation There is no accurate irrigation amount measurement, and it relies on manual experience. According to the plant root distribution characteristics and soil type, the appropriate irrigation amount is calculated, which will not cause over-irrigation or insufficient irrigation, and water is saved. Precise irrigation 7. Precise calculation There is no accurate fertilizer amount measurement, and it relies on manual experience. According to the plant nutrient demand curve, the target yield fertilizer amount is reasonably allocated to each growth period, so that the fertilizer amount and nutrient demand of each growth period are matched, and the appropriate nutrient demand of the plant during the whole growth period is ensured. Precise fertilization 8. Precise calculation There is no fertilizer concentration control function, and when the fertilizer concentration is too high, fertilizer damage is easy to occur, which affects production, or uneven fertilizer distribution occurs, local concentration is too high, fertilizer damage occurs, and local plants grow weak. 1. According to the distribution distance of various planting areas, the minimum pre-wetting time and the minimum irrigation time after fertilization of each area are accurately calculated to ensure that the fertilizer application in each area will not be mixed. 2. According to the system configuration, the reasonable nutrient solution concentration is calculated to ensure appropriate fertilization time, so that the fertilizer is evenly distributed in each area, and the plant growth is consistent Precise fertilization concentration control, and uniform and consistent plant growth 9. Auxiliary fertilizer preparation The use of finished compound water-soluble fertilizer lacks nutrient calculation and fertilizer preparation function Compound fertilizer can be used, and industrial-grade raw material fertilizer can also be used, with fertilizer blending function, accurate calculation of nutrient dosage. When using single-element fertilizer for fertilizer blending, the application cost of water-soluble fertilizer is greatly reduced, reducing the cost of agricultural production 10、Function implementation Independent pump valve device switch acquisition function According to the operation sequence, the functions of zoned irrigation, application of compound fertilizer, application of single-element fertilizer, application of micronutrient fertilizer, application of systemic pesticide, timing operation, automatic operation of water and fertilizer planning during growth period, etc. Rich functions, simple operation, one-key operation Through the above technical means, accurate water and fertilizer management and overall optimization of the system are realized for irrigation amount, fertilizer amount and fertilizer concentration, and a water and fertilizer demand model suitable for different plants in different growth periods is formed.

[0017] The water and fertilizer integrated precision control solution provided by the present application has simple hardware equipment, which can be quickly installed, debugged and used; a visual graphical interface is provided in the software aspect, and operation is simple and one-key operation; the use effect can utilize the water and fertilizer fusion effect, significantly improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and irrigation water, timely meet the nutrient demand of crops in different growth periods, realize high quality and high yield on the basis of saving labor and fertilizer, and effectively improve farmland output rate and agricultural economic efficiency; at the same time, due to the significant reduction of fertilizer amount, the accumulation of salt in the plough layer in the protected cultivation environment can be reduced, the farmland and surrounding ecological environment can be protected, and sustainable development of agriculture can be realized.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. Precise irrigation amount, according to the water requirement law of different crops in different growth periods, differential precision irrigation and water control are implemented for planting areas, water use efficiency is improved, irrigation becomes more scientific and effective, and can better meet the water demand of crops, which is beneficial to improve crop yield and quality. Water and fertilizer are kept within the root distribution range, and deep seepage does not occur, water and fertilizer are saved; 2. Precise fertilization amount, according to the crop nutrient requirement curve, the total fertilizer requirement is allocated to each growth period of the crop, to meet the nutrient requirement of different crops in different growth periods, the fertilizer injection speed is stable, the fertilizer distribution is uniform, the plant growth is uniform and consistent; it is beneficial to protect the environment, and greatly reduces the damage of excessive use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide to groundwater and ecological environment; 3. Precise fertilization concentration control, the fertilizer amount is strictly matched with the irrigation amount, to ensure that the concentration is controlled within the set range, and the phenomenon of over-fertilization or insufficient fertilization will not occur; 4. The fertilizer can be prepared by using chemical-grade raw materials, which has high solubility and low price, greatly reducing the agricultural fertilizer procurement cost and reducing the burden of agricultural operation; 5. System integration, single-chip microcomputer control, solar power supply, low power consumption, low cost, easy to expand; the system core control equipment includes the head controller and the field controller, and the peripheral control equipment includes the irrigation water pump, the fertilizer machine and the remote field valve, the sensor, the controller and the like; 6. Irrigation and fertilization are completed by computer control, and water and nutrients are transported through the field pipe network to achieve precise control with simple operation; 7. Wide adaptability, the system takes the fertilizer head controller, the field valve controller and the computer software as the product core, can adjust the fertilizer machine structure, the computer parameters, design and construct the field pipe network, and adjust and expand the system according to different topography, climate conditions, specific crops and different user requirements, to realize the customized service of the product; 8. For different planting product types and characteristics, if trees, vegetables and food crops, differentiated software products and nutrient requirement models are designed respectively, the automatic running function calculates the irrigation amount and the fertilizer amount according to the running parameters set by the user, which saves the user from setting each time, and once configuration is used throughout the growth period; it is convenient to grasp the water and fertilizer nutrient amount and proportion distribution of the whole growth period from a macroscopic point of view, so that the water and fertilizer application can better adapt to the plant growth nutrient requirement curve; a good plant growth model is quickly established, which lays a foundation for the rapid popularization of regional suitable plant growth model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] ATTACH Figure 1 : Control system structure diagram, describing the overall system function composition.

[0020] ATTACH Figure 2 : System design drawing, through area, water amount and pressure measurement, management distribution and control point drawing is formed.

[0021] ATTACH Figure 3 : Fertilizer machine structure Figure 1 (Fertilizer injection mode).

[0022] ATTACH Figure 4 : Fertilizer machine structureFigure 2 (adsorption of the fertilizer).

[0023] attached Figure 5 : the front and back of the head control panel, complete the control function of the head fertilizer applicator and irrigation water pump and the communication function with the field controller.

[0024] attached Figure 6 : 2-way field controller front and back, complete the control function of the 2-way field sub-regional electric valve and the sensor data acquisition and communication function with the head control panel.

[0025] attached Figure 7 : 4-way field controller front and back, complete the control function of the 4-way field sub-regional electric valve and the sensor data acquisition and communication function with the head control panel.

[0026] attached Figure 8 : 6-way field controller front and back, complete the control function of the 6-way field sub-regional electric valve and the sensor data acquisition and communication function with the head control panel.

[0027] attached Figure 9 : solar controller front and back, complete the management of the conversion of solar panels to storage batteries for power supply.

[0028] attached Figure 10 : automatic operation irrigation and fertilization strategy generation logic diagram.

[0029] attached Figure 11 : planting plan function diagram.

[0030] attached Figure 12 : operation management function diagram.

[0031] attached Figure 13 : nutrient solution preparation function diagram.

[0032] attached Figure 14 : nutrient requirement curve editing function diagram, users can adjust the nutrient requirement curve by dragging the key data points of different growth stages, and then adjust the nutrient amount (fertilizer application amount) of different growth stages.

[0033] attached Figure 15 : water requirement curve editing function diagram, users can adjust the single irrigation time (irrigation amount) of different growth stages by adjusting the wetting depth and suitable water content range of different growth stages, and make irrigation operation strategy according to the comparison of water threshold value and actual water value of different growth stages.

[0034] attached Figure 16: Partition operation planning function diagram, drag the data points in the chart to reallocate the nutrient ratio of each growth period (adjust the fertilizer amount of different growth periods), adjust the single operation time, water threshold, and planned fertilizer concentration.

[0035] Attached Figure 17 : Automatic operation function diagram, after setting the growth period parameters, the system can automatically generate irrigation and fertilization strategy operation during the entire growth period, reducing the setting work of each operation.

[0036] Attached Figure 18 : Irrigation function diagram, the user selects the irrigation time, and the system calculates the irrigation amount and runs in turn according to the order.

[0037] Attached Figure 19 : Compound fertilizer application function diagram, the user inputs the unit consumption of compound fertilizer and the dilution multiple, and calculates the fertilizer requirement.

[0038] Attached Figure 20 : Single-element fertilizer application function diagram, which can be used to prepare nutrient solution according to the required nutrient consumption of each element.

[0039] Attached Figure 21 : Medium and trace element fertilizer preparation function diagram, which calculates the fertilizer concentration according to the unit fertilizer consumption of different planting areas.

[0040] Attached Figure 22 : Medium and trace element fertilizer application function diagram, after completing the fertilizer preparation on the medium and trace element fertilizer page, the system calculates a series of suitable nutrient solution concentrations for the user to select and use according to the system configuration. After the user selects the nutrient solution concentration, the system calculates the irrigation time, fertilizer application time, and application concentration for the user to refer to and guide the operation.

[0041] Attached Figure 23 : Application of systemic pesticides function diagram, the function is the same as that of medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0042] Attached Figure 24 : Historical data viewing function diagram, historical operation records are saved in the database for the user to call and view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] Step 1: When the system is designed, the water output per unit time of each irrigation partition is calculated; the lengths of the main pipe and branch pipe are counted, and the total length of the capillary is determined, thereby determining the total pipe volume of the main pipe, branch pipe, and capillary, and determining the filling time of the pipe volume at the standard flow rate of the liquid, which is used as the pre-fertilization pre-wetting time and the minimum time for post-fertilization irrigation to avoid mixing of fertilizers between different planting areas.

[0044] Step 2: A planting plan is set for each planting area, and the plan includes the rotation irrigation group, planting unit, crop name, area / tree, crop category, planting time, planting days, fertilization interval, yield, total nitrogen requirement, total phosphorus requirement, and total potassium requirement during the entire growth period; the total nitrogen requirement, phosphorus requirement, and potassium requirement during the entire growth period are determined based on the yield per unit area or per 100 kg of different planting varieties.

[0045] Step 3: The entire growth period of the plant is divided into several time periods at equal intervals, and each time period corresponds to a specific growth period of the plant; the maximum time period is 15 times.

[0046] Step 4: The fertilization amount of each planting partition is distributed to each growth period according to the nutrient requirement curve, and different growth periods have different nutrient requirements.

[0047] Step 5: Considering the root characteristics of different plants, the main distribution depth of the plant root system at different growth stages is estimated or measured, and the appropriate single irrigation water amount for each growth period is determined based on the soil type.

[0048] Step 6: The appropriate single fertilization amount is determined based on the appropriate single irrigation water amount in Step 5.

[0049] Step 7: Considering the differences in fertilization efficiency of the fertilization system, after determining the appropriate single fertilization amount in Step 6, the appropriate nutrient solution preparation concentration range for different fertilization efficiencies can be given, and the system automatically calculates the appropriate nutrient solution preparation concentration range and provides it for user selection; under normal system operation conditions, the recommended nutrient solution preparation concentration can ensure that the fertilization concentration is within a reasonable range.

[0050] Step 8: With the complete setting of the above parameters, the user can use the automatic operation function, and the client can automatically generate the irrigation and fertilization strategy for the current day after connecting to the system; the user can check and run it with one key, or adjust the running parameters and run it with one key.

[0051] Step 9: Considering the existence of various uncertain factors (such as climate, light, soil temperature and humidity, environmental temperature and humidity, etc.), the above water and fertilizer distribution scheme for the whole growth period sometimes cannot fully meet the needs of plant growth. At this time, a supplementary operation function is added to the operation of the growth period water and fertilizer distribution scheme. Users can independently perform various irrigation and fertilization operations according to the actual growth state of the plant; the supplementary operation function mainly includes: irrigation, application of compound fertilizer, application of single-element fertilizer, application of micronutrient fertilizer, systemic pesticide, and time-based operation, etc.

[0052] Further: In step 1, the unit time water output of each irrigation subarea can be read by a flow meter. In the case of not setting a main pipe flow meter, it is determined by the number of drips in each irrigation subarea multiplied by the unit time water output of the drip.

[0053] Further: In step 1, the calculation method of the volume of each level of pipe is as follows: the irrigation plot volume includes the volume of the branch pipe and the longest capillary pipe; the main pipe volume operation time is calculated at a normal pipe liquid flow rate of 1 meter / second; the irrigation plot volume operation time is calculated at a normal low flow rate of 0.8 meters / second. This flow rate value can be adjusted according to different situations, but should not exceed the maximum pipe flow rate.

[0054] Further: In step 2, in order to improve operation efficiency, the concept of rotation irrigation group is set. One rotation irrigation group can contain multiple planting units (planting subareas) that can operate simultaneously. A planting unit is the smallest control unit, which is controlled by an electromagnetic valve that can be remotely turned on and off.

[0055] Planting days refer to the number of days of growth during the entire growth period. For annual fruit trees, it refers to the time segment that needs to be managed for water and fertilizer each year. Fertilizer interval refers to the interval in days between two fertilizations. For example: if the growth days are 120 days and the fertilizer interval is 8 days, then 15 fertilizations are needed during the entire growth period. For annual plants, the planting days are 360 days, and the fertilizer interval is 90 days, so fertilization is performed 4 times a year. If the planting days are 300 days and the fertilizer interval is 75 days, fertilization is also performed 4 times a year. If the planting days are 300 days and the fertilizer interval is 50 days, then 6 fertilizations are needed within a year. If the planting days are 250 days and the fertilizer interval is 50 days, then 5 fertilizations are needed within a year. The maximum number of fertilizations during the entire growth period is set to no more than 15 times.

[0056] Further: In step 2, the total nutrient application amount is determined according to the unit area yield or 100 kg yield fertilizer requirement of different planting varieties. The calculation formula is: Total fertilizer amount, kg = unit area yield fertilizer requirement, kg / acre * area, acre When using 100 kg yield fertilizer requirement to calculate the total fertilizer requirement, the calculation formula is: Total nitrogen amount = yield, kg / acre / 100 * nitrogen nutrient, g / tree * number of trees; / / or: = yield, kg / acre / 100 * nitrogen nutrient, kg / acre * number of acres; Total phosphorus amount = yield, kg / acre / 100 * phosphorus nutrient, g / tree * number of trees; / / or: = yield, kg / acre / 100 * phosphorus nutrient, kg / acre * number of acres; Total potassium amount = yield, kg / acre / 100 * potassium nutrient, g / tree * number of trees; / / or: = yield, kg / acre / 100 * potassium nutrient, kg / acre * number of acres.

[0057] Further, in step 4, the nutrient requirement curves of different plants are different, and we collect the nutrient requirement curves of different types of plants according to plant categories as plant nutrient requirement models for users to use, and users can edit the model to adapt to local planting and cultivation conditions; the available plant nutrient requirement models are five: fruit and vegetable, leafy vegetable, root and stem, grain, and food; each nutrient requirement model sets a nutrient requirement curve according to 3-15 times of fertilization, and after the user determines the fertilization times according to the planting days and fertilization interval days, the system automatically distributes a set of initialized nutrient requirement curve for the user to use according to the fertilization times.

[0058] Further, in step 4, the user can distribute the total fertilization amount to each growth period according to the nutrient requirement curve automatically distributed by the system, or adjust the appropriate nutrient requirement curve model by considering factors such as local soil and climate characteristics, so that the nutrient requirement curve model can better fit the growth characteristics of local plant varieties.

[0059] Further, in step 5: the appropriate single irrigation water amount of each growth period is determined by the main distribution depth of plant roots at different growth stages and soil type, and three coefficients A, B, and r related to soil factors, and the appropriate single irrigation time is calculated according to the three coefficient values, wetting depth, and dripper flow, and the calculation formula is: Irrigation time, minutes = (wetting depth, cm / (A + B * dripper flow, L / h)) ^ (1 / 1-r); Accordingly, a series of appropriate single irrigation operation times are calculated according to the root distribution range at different growth stages.

[0060] Further, in step 6, the appropriate single fertilization amount of single irrigation is generally determined according to 0.1% of the irrigation amount.

[0061] Further, in step 7, the recommended nutrient solution preparation concentration range calculation method is: The upper limit of the nutrient solution concentration = irrigation flow * maximum fertilization concentration / minimum fertilization flow rate; at the same time, the upper limit of the nutrient solution concentration should not exceed the maximum solubility of the chemical, considering the solubility rate, generally according to the principle of the lower of 70% of the maximum solubility and the above calculation result to determine the upper limit of the nutrient solution concentration; The lower limit of the nutrient solution concentration = irrigation flow * minimum fertilization concentration / maximum fertilization flow rate; The upper and lower limits of the nutrient solution concentration interval are divided into 10 equal parts as the user-selectable nutrient solution fertilization interval.

[0062] Further, in step 8, the generation of the irrigation fertilization strategy is divided into two parts of irrigation strategy generation and fertilization strategy generation, after the client connects the system, the device first collects the soil temperature and humidity value, compares with the water threshold value in the parameter set, if it is lower than the water threshold value, the irrigation strategy is generated; check the system date and database, if the current date has reached a new fertilization period, or there is no fertilization record in the database, the fertilization strategy is generated; the irrigation fertilization strategy is formed according to the generated irrigation strategy and fertilization strategy, the running logic is shown in the attached Figure 10 .

[0063] Further, in step 8, the parameter setting is the basis for executing the automatic running function; it can be set once, and the irrigation and fertilization decision is automatically made in the whole growth period, and the irrigation amount and fertilization amount are automatically calculated according to the running parameters set by the user, which saves the user from the trouble of setting each time the irrigation and fertilization is run, and the whole growth period is used once. The configuration; it is convenient to grasp the water and fertilizer nutrient use amount and proportion distribution in the whole growth period from a macroscopic point of view, so that the fertilizer application can better adapt to the plant growth nutrient demand curve; and a good plant growth model is quickly established, which lays a foundation for the rapid promotion of the region suitable plant growth model.

[0064] Further, in step 9, the related calculation of applying compound fertilizer has: Preparation volume, liters = fertilizer amount, kg * (fertilizer bucket flow, ml / s * 3600 / 1000) / (unit water amount, liters / hour / dilution multiple); Fertilization time, minutes = total nutrient solution preparation volume, liters * 60 / (fertilizer bucket flow, ml / s * 3600 / 1000) Unit water amount = corresponding irrigation group unit time total water amount = Σ (emitter water amount * emitter number); / / unit: liters / hour Total irrigation amount, tons = per mu amount, kg * dilution multiple / 1000 + (wetting time, minutes + supplemental irrigation time, minutes) * unit water amount / 60; Application concentration, ‰ = fertilizer amount, kg / irrigation amount, tons.

[0065] Further, in step 9, the related calculation of applying single-element fertilizer has: The calculation of the A\B\C nutrient solution dosage uses a three-order determinant solution; The A\B\C nutrient solution fertilization time, seconds = nutrient solution dosage, liters * 1000 / fertilization flow rate, ml / s; Irrigation amount, tons = (pre-wetting time, minutes + post-fertilization supplemental irrigation time, minutes + A liquid time, minutes + B liquid time, minutes + C liquid time, minutes) / 60 * unit water amount, liters / hour / 1000 Application concentration, % = (A liquid dosage, liters * A liquid concentration / 100 + B liquid dosage, liters * B liquid concentration / 100 + C liquid dosage, liters * C liquid concentration / 100) / irrigation amount, tons Maximum irrigation amount per mu, tons = maximum wetting depth of this round irrigation group, cm / 100 * soil weight * 667 * 0.25 * (0.9 - 0.6).

[0066] Further, in step 9, the relevant calculations of the trace element fertilizer (internal absorbing pesticide) application page are as follows: Application amount, kg / mu = irrigation amount, tons / area, mu * 1000 * application concentration / 100; Application concentration, % = (application amount, kg / mu * area, mu / (irrigation amount, tons * 1000) * 100) Fertilization time, minutes = total fertilizer dosage, kg / (fertilization flow rate, ml / s * 60 / 1000 * nutrient solution concentration / 100); Or: Fertilization time, minutes = (total fertilizer dosage, grams / 1000) / (nutrient solution concentration / 100) / (fertilization flow rate, ml / s * 60 / 1000); Nutrient solution preparation volume, liters = fertilization time, minutes * (fertilization flow rate, ml / s * 60 / 1000) Nutrient solution concentration drop-down list box concentration sequence calculation method: Maximum fertilization time = irrigation operation time of the current planting unit in the current growth period - pipe volume time - pre-wetting time; Minimum fertilization time = pipe volume time + pre-wetting time; Maximum nutrient solution concentration = (total fertilizer dosage) / (fertilization path flow rate * minimum fertilization time / 1000) * 100; Minimum nutrient solution concentration = (total fertilizer dosage) / (fertilization path flow rate * maximum fertilization time / 1000) * 100; Divide the interval between the maximum nutrient solution concentration and the minimum nutrient solution concentration into ten equal parts = (maximum nutrient solution concentration - minimum nutrient solution concentration) / 10; The concentration sequence of the nutrient solution is obtained; note that the concentration of the nutrient solution is selected only when the fertilization time is greater than 10 minutes, otherwise, the concentration of the nutrient solution is not selected. The concentration sequence of the nutrient solution is displayed on the page for the user to select.

[0067] The running time drop-down list box is calculated as follows: The minimum running time = the fertilization time, minutes + the pipe volume time, minutes + the pre-wetting time, minutes; The suitable running time = the irrigation running time of the current planting unit in the current growth period, minutes; The minimum running time and the suitable running time are equally divided: (the suitable running time - the minimum running time) / 10; The selected running time sequence is obtained.

[0068] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present application, which is used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; however, the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. According to the idea of the present application, the specific embodiment and application range can be changed, and the content of the specification should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. Based on the root distribution range of different plants and the climate conditions of the planting site, determine the appropriate single irrigation time and amount for different growth stages of the plants. This ensures that the irrigation amount meets the plant's growth needs as much as possible, avoiding both continuous water deficit and excessive water leakage beyond the root distribution area.

2. Divide the entire growth cycle of plants into time periods with certain intervals (growth periods), and carry out precise management of water and fertilizer according to different growth periods.

3. Set different nutrient application rates for each growth stage of the plant according to the nutrient requirement curves of different growth stages of the plant, and allocate the nutrient requirements of the entire growth period to each growth stage according to the plant nutrient growth curve.

4. Based on the water consumption per irrigation determined by the zoning plan, determine the amount of fertilizer to be applied per irrigation to ensure that the fertilizer is applied reasonably within a certain concentration range.

5. Based on the type and amount of raw fertilizer used, the amount of water used in a single irrigation, and the amount of nutrient solution applied in a single irrigation, determine the appropriate concentration of nutrient solution for different low-pressure irrigation pipeline systems and recommend fertilizer formulations to users.

6. The control system consists of two parts: the fertilizer applicator (fertilizer applicator) and the field controller. The fertilizer applicator has a multi-channel water and fertilizer distribution function, which can accurately measure the amount of nutrient solution used in each channel. It also has wired or wireless communication function with the field controller, as well as remote 4G communication function. One fertilizer applicator can connect to multiple field controllers (up to 255) at a distance. Each field controller can control 2-6 solenoid valves and can collect the soil temperature and humidity values ​​around each valve point and feed them back to the fertilizer applicator.

7. Use spatial geographic information systems to assist in the design of rotational irrigation groups and the design of fine irrigation pipe networks. By determining the volume of irrigation pipes, the pre-wetting time of the pipes before fertilization and the minimum irrigation time after fertilization can be used to avoid cross-mixing of fertilizer application in different irrigation areas.

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