Crushing feeding device and deep-sea mining conveying system

Abstract

The invention discloses a crushing and feeding device and a deep-sea mining conveying system, the crushing and feeding device comprises a machine body and a hydraulic motor, the machine body comprises at least one roller, the roller sleeves a corresponding roller shaft, and the roller shaft is rotatably connected to the machine body; at least three disc blades with the same specification are arranged in the axial direction of the roller at equal intervals, and at least one tool bit is arranged on each disc blade; front and rear vertical surfaces of the machine body are provided with plugs; a power output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with the roller shaft; the deep-sea mining conveying system comprises a relay station, a U-shaped lifting stand pipe, a mixed-flow pump, a lifting stand pipe and a mother ship, the relay station comprises a feeding barrel, a feeding pipe and the crushing feeding device which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, a lower opening of the feeding pipe is connected with the U-shaped lifting stand pipe, and a hydraulic control discharging opening is formed in the bottom of the U-shaped lifting stand pipe. The crushing feeding device has the advantage of being high in crushing ratio, and the deep-sea mining conveying system has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and controllable in solid-liquid ratio of feeding ore pulp of the U-shaped lifting stand pipe.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to the invention application filed on October 24, 2024, with application number 202411490465X, entitled "A Crushing Feeding Device and Deep-Sea Mining Conveying System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to deep-sea mining equipment, specifically to a crushing and feeding device and a deep-sea mining conveying system. Background Technology

[0003] Deep-sea mining transport systems utilize risers and mixed-flow pumps to transport slurry from a seabed relay station to a surface mother ship. Because transporting slurry from the seabed to the mother ship requires significant elevation changes and is limited by the riser diameter and slurry flow rate, the transport system has strict requirements regarding the size of the ore particles and the concentration of the slurry. Larger ore particles and higher slurry concentrations make the riser and mixed-flow pumps more prone to blockages during transport, thus affecting the efficiency of the deep-sea mining transport system.

[0004] CN118179697A provides a deep-sea mining system that uses a variable-pitch twin-screw crusher to crush the ore before it is fed into the feed cylinder, thus solving the problem of blockage in the riser and mixed-flow pump caused by excessively large ore particles. However, it still has the following shortcomings:

[0005] First, the variable pitch twin-screw crusher uses a variable pitch screw compression and cutting method for crushing. Therefore, the size of large ore cannot exceed the maximum screw pitch of the crusher and the space limited by the crusher shell; otherwise, the ore cannot enter the crusher and cannot be crushed. In addition, the variable pitch twin-screw crusher compresses and cuts the ore by changing the screw pitch. The change in screw pitch from the ore inlet end to the ore outlet end cannot be too large; otherwise, the ore will block the crusher outlet due to the insufficient space. Therefore, the variable pitch twin-screw crusher has a small crushing ratio due to its structure.

[0006] Secondly, when using crushers to crush ore in the open environment of the seabed, the seabed mud carried during ore collection and the large number of ore particles generated during the crushing process will spread to the surrounding area with the ocean currents, polluting the seawater and affecting the survival of nearby marine life.

[0007] Third, the solid-liquid ratio of the slurry inside the lifting riser cannot be effectively controlled. The ore particles produced after crushing are irregular in shape and accumulate together, making it difficult for them to slide. If the lifting riser is directly inserted into the ore pile, the ore will arch at the riser inlet and cannot be lifted. If a U-shaped feed inlet is used at the lower end of the lifting riser, utilizing the ore's own weight and the negative pressure at the inlet, when the U-shaped feed inlet is small, the ore particles easily arch around the inlet and cannot fall into the lifting riser; when the U-shaped feed inlet is large, the ore particles will collapse under their own weight, and a large number of ore particles will slide into the lifting riser through the U-shaped feed inlet, directly causing blockage. Because the feeding through the U-shaped feed inlet at the lower end of the lifting riser is uncontrolled, the solid-liquid ratio of the slurry fed into the lifting riser cannot be controlled.

[0008] In summary, existing deep-sea mining conveying systems have three main problems: First, the crusher has a small crushing ratio; second, the crushing of seabed ore causes pollution to the surrounding seawater; and third, the solid-liquid ratio of the feed slurry in the riser cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The first objective of this invention is to provide a crushing and feeding device with a high crushing ratio; the second objective of this invention is to provide an environmentally friendly deep-sea mining conveying system with a controllable solid-liquid ratio for U-shaped riser feeding slurry.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0011] A crushing and feeding device includes a body and a hydraulic motor. The body is a square tube, divided into upper and lower sections, connected as one unit by flanges. The body is vertically continuous, with the upper end being the inlet and the lower end the outlet. A front roller and a rear roller are installed inside the body, and the front and rear rollers are identical in shape and size. The front and rear rollers are axially reversed, respectively fitted and fixedly connected to corresponding front roller shafts and rear roller shafts. The two ends of the front and rear roller shafts are supported by bearings in bearing holes at the left and right ends of the body. The right end of the front roller shaft protrudes from the right side of the body and is fixedly connected to a front gear; the right end of the rear roller shaft protrudes from the right side of the body and is fixedly connected to a rear gear. The front gear meshes with the rear gear. Sealing is provided on both the front and rear vertical surfaces of the body. End caps are provided at both ends of the front and rear rollers; the gap ε between the end cap and the upper section of the machine body is smaller than the gap E between the end cap and the lower section of the machine body; at least one protrusion is provided radially on the outer end face of the end cap, and the height of the protrusion is smaller than the gap ε between the end cap and the upper section of the machine body. The hydraulic motor is located outside the machine body, and its power output shaft is connected to the front roller shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the front roller is provided with at least three equally spaced front disc blades of the same specification along its axial direction, and the rear roller is provided with at least three equally spaced rear disc blades of the same specification along its axial direction; there is a front spacer groove between adjacent front disc blades and a rear spacer groove between adjacent rear disc blades, and the front spacer groove and the rear spacer groove cooperate with the rear disc blade and the front disc blade, respectively; each front disc blade is provided with at least one front cutting head, and each rear disc blade is also provided with at least one rear cutting head; the cutting edges of the front and rear cutting heads are respectively provided with front and rear material receiving grooves in the radial direction of the disc blades.

[0013] Furthermore, the gaps between the top of the front disc blade and the bottom of the rear spacer groove, and between the top of the rear disc blade and the bottom of the front spacer groove, are both δ.

[0014] Furthermore, the depth H of the front and rear spacer grooves is greater than the height h of the front and rear cutter heads.

[0015] Furthermore, the cutter heads on the front and rear rollers are distributed in a multi-head spiral pattern along the axial direction of the front and rear rollers.

[0016] Furthermore, the front and rear cutting heads on the front and rear disc blades are made of high-strength steel or artificial diamond.

[0017] Furthermore, the front gear and the rear gear have the same number of teeth.

[0018] Furthermore, the sealing of the front and rear facades is adapted to the gap between the front and rear rollers.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydraulic motor is a hydraulic variable displacement motor.

[0020] A deep-sea mining conveying system includes a relay station, a U-shaped lifting riser, a mixed-flow pump, a lifting riser, and a mother ship. The relay station is located on the seabed and is connected to the mother ship via the U-shaped lifting riser, the mixed-flow pump, and the lifting riser. The relay station includes a hydraulic station, a feeding cylinder, a feed pipe, and the aforementioned crushing and feeding device. The feeding cylinder, the crushing and feeding device, and the feed pipe are connected sequentially from top to bottom. The lower end of the feed pipe is connected to the U-shaped lifting riser. A hydraulically controlled discharge port is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped lifting riser. The hydraulic oil for the hydraulic motor comes from the hydraulic station.

[0021] Furthermore, the feeding cylinder is a conical tube, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a flange at the bottom that connects to the upper end of the crushing and feeding device.

[0022] Furthermore, the feed pipe is tapered, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a rounded top and bottom. The upper opening is fitted with a flange that connects to the lower end of the crushing and feeding device, and the lower opening is fitted with a flange that connects to the U-shaped lifting riser.

[0023] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a deep-sea mining conveying system that utilizes a crushing and feeding device to crush large ore particles into smaller ones within the feeding cylinder. Seabed mud and ore fragments generated during crushing, mixed with seawater to form a slurry, are fed in real-time through a feed pipe into a U-shaped lifting riser. The slurry is then transported to the mother ship via a mixed-flow pump and the lifting riser. The resulting beneficial effects are as follows:

[0024] The deep-sea mining conveying system operates in a clean and environmentally friendly manner. The inlet of the crushing and feeding device is connected to the feeding cylinder, and the outlet of the crushing and feeding device is connected to the feed pipe. At the same time, the feed pipe, U-shaped lifting riser, mixed flow pump, lifting riser, and mother ship are connected in sequence. Due to the ore particles generated during the crushing process, along with the seabed mud carried by the collected ore, the seawater inside the crushing and feeding device becomes turbid. Under the negative pressure of the mixed flow pump, the turbid seawater flows through the gaps between the front and rear rollers, the gap between the front roller and the front plug, and the gap between the rear roller and the rear plug, and flows into the feed pipe and into the U-shaped lifting riser. It is then transported to the mother ship through the mixed flow pump and lifting riser. This prevents the turbid seawater from spreading to the seabed and achieves clean production.

[0025] In addition, since the U-shaped lifting riser is a bend and located at the bottom of the lifting riser, it is prone to blockage. When the U-shaped lifting riser is accidentally blocked, the hydraulic discharge port at the bottom of the U-shaped lifting riser is automatically opened to allow the ore particles blocking the U-shaped lifting riser to fall to the seabed. Then the hydraulic discharge port is closed to restore the smooth flow of the U-shaped lifting riser.

[0026] The crushing and feeding device is self-cleaning during operation. Because end caps are installed at both ends of the front and rear rollers, and each end cap has at least one radial protrusion on its outer surface, when the front and rear rollers rotate, the radial protrusion automatically scrapes the ore particles in the gap ε between the roller and the upper section of the machine body to the gap E between the roller and the lower section of the machine body. Since gap E is larger than gap ε, the ore particles fall into the feed pipe under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force. This enables the crushing and feeding device to achieve a self-cleaning function during operation, preventing the continuous accumulation and compression of ore particles in the gaps between the front and rear rollers, which would increase the reactive power loss of the hydraulic variable motor and ultimately lead to a blockage accident of the front and rear rollers on the seabed.

[0027] Adjusting the solid-liquid ratio of the slurry is simple. Utilizing the convenient control, high speed precision, and large output torque of the hydraulic motor, the crushing speed of the crushing feed device is adjusted, and the crushed ore particles are guided in real-time through the feed pipe into the U-shaped lifting riser. This means that the amount of ore particles fed by the crushing feed device is precisely controlled per unit time, and the ore particles are guided to the U-shaped lifting riser in real-time through the feed pipe. Reducing the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor results in less ore particles falling into the feed pipe, thus decreasing the solid-liquid ratio of the slurry; conversely, increasing the speed increases the solid-liquid ratio, thereby adjusting the slurry's solid-liquid ratio. The real-time guidance of the slurry into the U-shaped lifting riser from the feed pipe eliminates the accumulation and arching of ore particles at the bottom of the feed pipe, ensuring not only uniform and smooth feeding into the U-shaped lifting riser but also achieving precise control of the slurry's solid-liquid ratio.

[0028] The crushing feed device has a large crushing ratio. Because the cutters on the rollers of the crushing feed device have a milling function, as long as the ore enters the upper end of the crushing feed device and contacts the rollers, it can be milled into small ore particles by the disc blades on the rollers. The multi-head spiral cutters distributed on the front and rear rollers not only make the crushing feed device crush the ore more smoothly, but also allow the ore to continuously and automatically change the milling position when milling on the front and rear rollers, which is convenient for crushing. Therefore, the crushing feed device has a large crushing ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a deep-sea mining transport system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an assembly diagram of the crushing and feeding device, the feeding cylinder, and the feeding pipe in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing and feeding device in Example 1; Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA cross-section view; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled lower section of the crushing and feeding device in Example 1; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the front and rear rollers of the crushing and feeding device in Example 1; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the single-roller crushing and feeding device in Example 2; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A structural diagram showing the dismantling of the upper section of the machine body; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Top view; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the gear transmission on the right end of the front and rear roller shafts of the large-diameter double-roller crushing and feeding device in Example 3; Appendix Figures 1 to 10 The accompanying figure labels are as follows: 1. Mother ship; 2. U-shaped lifting riser; 2a. Lifting riser; 3. Mixed flow pump; 4. Feeding cylinder; 5. Crushing and feeding device; 6. Feed pipe; 7. Ore; 8. Hydraulic discharge port; 10. Relay station; 11. Hydraulic station; 12. Support; 13. Seabed; 501, front gear; 502, hydraulic variable displacement motor; 503, rear gear; 507, machine body; 5071, upper section of machine body; 5072, lower section of machine body; 511, First rear bearing hole; 512, Rear disc blade; 513, Rear roller; 514, Rear seal; 515, Rear roller shaft; 516, Rear spacer groove; 517, Second rear bearing hole; 518, Rear cutter head; 519, Rear material receiving groove; 521, First front bearing hole; 522, Front disc blade; 523, Front roller; 524, Front seal; 525, Front roller shaft; 526, Front spacer groove; 527, Second front bearing hole; 528, Front cutter head; 529, Front material trough; 530, Front end cover; 5301, Protrusion; 531, Rear end cover; 551, First front gear; 552, Left middle gear; 553, Left middle gear shaft; 554, Right middle gear; 555, Right middle gear shaft; 556, First rear gear; 607, First machine body; 614, First rear seal; 616, First rear spacer groove; 621, First bearing hole; 622, Disc blade; 623, Roller; 624, First front seal; 625, Roller shaft; 626, First front spacer groove; 627, Second bearing hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives and technical solutions of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0032] In this invention, "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," and "back" refer to the positions of the reader directly facing the screen. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 When reading, the area above the reader is called "up," the area below the reader is called "down," the area to the left of the reader is called "left," the area to the right of the reader is called "right," the area in front of the reader's paper is called "front," and the area inside the reader's paper is called "back," and this is not a specific limitation of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 6As shown, a deep-sea mining conveying system includes a mother ship 1, a lifting riser 2a, a mixed-flow pump 3, a U-shaped lifting riser 2, and a relay station 10. The relay station 10 is mounted on the seabed 13 via a support 12. Ore 7 accumulated on the seabed 13 is conveyed to the relay station 10 by mining equipment. The relay station 10 is connected to the mother ship 1 via the U-shaped lifting riser 2, the mixed-flow pump 3, and the lifting riser 2a. A hydraulically controlled discharge port 8 is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped lifting riser 2. Because the U-shaped lifting riser 2 is a bend and located at the lower part of the lifting riser 2a, it is prone to clogging. When the U-shaped lifting riser 2 is accidentally clogged, the hydraulically controlled discharge port 8 is opened, allowing the ore particles blocking the U-shaped lifting riser 2 to automatically fall to the seabed. Then, the hydraulically controlled discharge port 8 is closed to restore the unobstructed flow of the U-shaped lifting riser 2. The opening and closing of the hydraulically controlled discharge port 8 is controlled by the hydraulic control system of the relay station 10.

[0034] The relay station 10 is equipped with a feeding cylinder 4, a crushing and feeding device 5, a feeding pipe 6, and a hydraulic station 11. The feeding cylinder 4 is conical, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with an open upper opening and a flange at the lower opening connecting to the upper end of the machine body 507 to receive ore 7. The feeding pipe 6 is also conical, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a rounded upper section and a flange at the lower opening connecting to the lower end of the machine body 507, and a flange at the lower opening connecting to the U-shaped lifting riser 2. The upper opening of the feeding cylinder 4 is also equipped with a dome-shaped mesh cover (not shown in the figure) to limit the size of the ore falling into the crushing and feeding device 5. That is, the ore falling from the holes in the dome-shaped mesh cover can be crushed into ore particles of the appropriate size, and oversized ore will automatically slide off the dome-shaped mesh cover.

[0035] The crushing and feeding device 5 is a double-roller structure, comprising a body 507, a front roller 523, a front roller shaft 525, a rear roller 513, a rear roller shaft 515, and a hydraulic variable displacement motor 502. The body 507 is a quadrilateral cylinder, divided into upper and lower sections, namely the upper section 5071 and the lower section 5072. The upper section 5071 and the lower section 5072 are connected as a single unit by flanges, running vertically through each other. The upper end is the inlet, and the lower end is the outlet. Bearing holes for the front roller shaft 525 and the rear roller shaft 515 are respectively provided on the left and right end faces of the body 507, and the upper and lower symmetrical planes of the bearing holes are the upper and lower segmental planes of the body 507. The bearing holes are respectively designated as the first front bearing hole 521, the second front bearing hole 527, the first rear bearing hole 511, and the second rear bearing hole 517.

[0036] The front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 are identical in shape and size. Seven equally spaced, identical circular blades of the same specification are axially arranged on both the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513, with the front roller 523 corresponding to the front circular blade 522 and the rear roller 513 corresponding to the rear circular blade 512. A front spacing groove 526 is formed between the front circular blades 522, with a width corresponding to the width of the rear circular blade 512, and a depth of H. A rear spacing groove 516 is formed between the rear circular blades 512, with a width corresponding to the width of the front circular blade 522, and a depth of H. Each front circular blade 522 and rear circular blade 512 is equipped with 12 cutting heads. Each cutting head has a material receiving groove on its radially forward cutting edge, with the front circular blade 522 corresponding to the front material receiving groove 529 and the rear circular blade 512 corresponding to the rear material receiving groove 519. The cutter head height is h, and the cutter head material is high-strength steel or synthetic diamond.

[0037] Furthermore, to improve the crushing effect of the crushing feed device 5, the front cutter heads 528 on the front disc blades 522 are distributed in a multi-head spiral pattern along the axial direction of the front roller 523. Since each front disc blade 522 has 12 front cutter heads 528, the number of spiral heads on the front roller 523 is 12. The rear cutter heads 518 on the rear roller 513 are also distributed in a spiral pattern, similar to the front roller 523. The purpose of the spiral distribution of the cutter heads is to ensure that the cutter heads on different disc blades on the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 have a certain overlap angle when crushing ore, so that the cutting work of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 is smooth, reducing the impact force of crushing, and at the same time, it can continuously and automatically flip the large ore milling position for convenient crushing and to achieve a large crushing ratio.

[0038] Both ends of the front roller 523 are provided with front end caps 530, and both ends of the rear roller 513 are provided with rear end caps 531. The front end caps 530 and rear end caps 531 seal the inner cavities of the left and right ends of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513. The front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 are identical in shape and size, and are axially reversed and fitted onto the corresponding front roller shaft 525 and rear roller shaft 515, and are connected together by axial fixing nuts and keys. The two ends of the front roller shaft 525 are supported by bearings on the second front bearing hole 527 and the first front bearing hole 521 on the left and right sides of the machine body 507, respectively, and the right end of the front roller shaft 525 passes through the right side of the machine body 507 through a bearing and is fixedly connected to the front gear 501. The rear roller shaft 515 is supported at both ends by bearings on the second rear bearing hole 517 and the first rear bearing hole 511 on the left and right sides of the machine body 507, respectively. The right end of the rear roller shaft 515 passes through the right side of the machine body 507 through a bearing and is fixedly connected to the rear gear 503. The front gear 501 meshes with the rear gear 503. The hydraulic variable motor 502 is located outside the machine body 507, and its power output shaft is connected to the front roller shaft 525. The hydraulic oil for the hydraulic variable motor 502 comes from the hydraulic station 11 set on the relay station 10.

[0039] Because the front cutter head 528 and rear cutter head 518 correspondingly installed on the front roller 523 and rear roller 513 of the crushing feed device 5 have milling functions, the ore entering the upper end of the crushing feed device 5 and contacting the rollers can be milled into small ore particles from bottom to top by the front cutter head 528 and rear cutter head 518 on the rollers. Therefore, the crushing ratio of the crushing feed device 5 is large. In addition, since the front roller 523 and rear roller 513 rotate relative to each other during operation, that is, when viewed from right to left, the front roller 523 rotates clockwise and the rear roller 513 rotates counterclockwise, the cutting edges on their cutter heads are also arranged opposite each other. When the crushing feed device 5 is working, in addition to the above-mentioned milling of large and medium ore by the front cutter head 528 and rear cutter head 518, there are three other ways to crush medium ore:

[0040] First, the front cutter head 528 and the rear cutter head 518 are used to directly crush the ore stuck in the middle.

[0041] Second, the ore is sheared, squeezed and crushed by using the upper edges of the left and right sides of the front cutter head 528 and the rear partition groove 516, and the upper edges of the left and right sides of the rear cutter head 518 and the front partition groove 526.

[0042] Third, the ore is crushed by squeezing the bottom of the front cutter head 528 and the rear spacer 516, and the bottom of the rear cutter head 518 and the front spacer 526.

[0043] The small ore particles formed after the above milling, shearing, and extrusion crushing fall into the outlet and feed pipe 6 of the machine body 507 through the front and rear receiving troughs 529 and 519 on the front and rear rollers 523 and the gap δ between the front and rear rollers 523 and 513. The crushing capacity of the crushing and feeding device 5 per unit time is determined by the rotational speed of the front and rear rollers 523 and 513, that is, by the rotational speed of the hydraulic variable motor 502. The crushing and feeding device 5 uses the hydraulic variable motor 502 as the power output, which has the advantages of high control precision. By precisely adjusting the pressure and flow of hydraulic oil, the torque and speed of the hydraulic variable motor 502 are controlled, so that the system can adjust the crushing speed of the crushing and feeding device 5 on the ore according to actual needs, thereby meeting the solid-liquid ratio of deep-sea mining transportation, effectively avoiding problems such as ore particle accumulation and arching in the feed pipe 6, and blockage in the U-shaped lifting riser 2 and the mixed flow pump 3.

[0044] On the front and rear vertical surfaces inside the machine body 507, a front seal 524 and a rear seal 514 with rectangular toothed grooves are fixedly installed respectively. The front seal 524 is adapted to the outer diameter of the front roller 523 and the front partition groove 526, and the rear seal 514 is adapted to the outer diameter of the rear roller 513 and the rear partition groove 516. The purpose is to prevent large ore particles from falling directly into the feed pipe 6 without being crushed. At the same time, it allows the seawater above the crushing feed device 5 to flow out of the outlet of the crushing feed device 5 and into the U-shaped lifting riser 2 through the gap between the front seal 524 and the front roller 523, the gap between the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513, the gap between the rear roller 513 and the rear seal 514, and the gap between the two ends of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 and the machine body 507.

[0045] Furthermore, the gaps between the end caps at both ends of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 and the upper section 5071 of the machine body are ε, and the gaps between them and the lower section 5072 of the machine body are E, with ε < E. The gaps ε between the front end cap 530 and the rear end cap 531 and the upper section 5071 of the machine body are small, which is to prevent large ore from falling directly into the feed pipe 6 without being crushed. The gaps E between the end caps at both ends of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 and the lower section 5072 of the machine body are large, so that the ore in the gap ε of the upper section 5071 of the machine body can fall more smoothly from the gap E of the lower section 5072 of the machine body after the rollers rotate and fall down to the gap E of the lower section 5072 of the machine body. In addition, on the outer end face of the front end cap 530 and the rear end cap 531, from the inner diameter to the outer diameter, there are eight radial protrusions 5301, the height of which is smaller than the gap ε between the end cap and the upper section of the machine body. As the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 rotate, the radial protrusion 5301 can automatically scrape the ore particles that fall into the gap ε between the roller and the upper section 5071 of the machine body to the gap E between the roller and the lower section 5072 of the machine body. Under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force, the ore particles fall into the feed pipe 6, so that the two ends of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 can be self-cleaned with the machine body 507. This avoids the accumulation and compression of ore particles between the two ends of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 and the machine body 507, which would increase the reactive power loss of the hydraulic variable motor 502. Ultimately, the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 will experience a stall accident on the seabed.

[0046] When the crushing and feeding device 5 is working, the mining equipment feeds the ore 7 from the seabed 13 into the feeding cylinder 4. At the gear end of the crushing and feeding device 5, viewed from right to left, the front roller 523 rotates clockwise and the rear roller 513 rotates counterclockwise, milling, shearing, and crushing the ore to form small ore particles. Since the small ore particles are fed from the gap δ between the front and rear receiving troughs 529 and the rear receiving trough 519, as well as between the top of the front cutter head 528 and the bottom of the rear spacer 516, the small ore particles are fed from the gap δ between the front and rear receiving troughs 529 and the top of the front cutter head 528 and the bottom of the rear spacer 516. The gap δ between the top of the rear cutter head 518 and the bottom of the front partition groove 526 allows the crushed small ore particles and turbid seawater to fall into the outlet and feed pipe 6 of the machine body 507 as the front roller 523 and rear roller 513 rotate. In addition, some seawater flows into the feed pipe 6 from the gaps around the front roller 523 and rear roller 513. Under the action of the mixed flow pump 3, the ore particles and turbid seawater are guided into the U-shaped lifting riser 2 in real time through the feed pipe 6. Therefore, by setting the dimensions of the front and rear troughs 529 and the gap δ, the maximum size of the ore particles entering the U-shaped lifting riser 2 can be limited. Furthermore, since the front and rear gaps between the front roller 523, the rear roller 513 and the machine body 507 are blocked by the front seal 524 and the rear seal 514, large ore particles cannot fall directly from the inlet of the crushing feed device 2 into the feed pipe 6 below the outlet of the crushing feed device 2 without being crushed. At the same time, the front seal 524 and the rear seal 514 maintain a certain gap with the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 respectively, so as not to interfere with the rotation of the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513, nor to affect the downward flow of seawater at the upper end of the crushing feed device 2 through the gap.

[0047] The main function of the crushing and feeding device 5 is:

[0048] First, the large ore is crushed into smaller ore that meets the transport dimensions of the U-shaped lifting riser 2, that is, the maximum size of the ore particles is controlled to be less than 20 mm to meet the lifting requirements.

[0049] Secondly, the solid-liquid ratio of the feed into the U-shaped lifting riser 2 is controlled. Because the crushing speed of the crushing and feeding device 5 is controllable, the amount of ore conveyed from the feed pipe 6 to the U-shaped lifting riser 2 per unit time is controllable, thus ensuring that the ore concentration in the U-shaped lifting riser 2 is less than 20%, meeting the lifting requirements and preventing ore blockage in the U-shaped lifting riser 2 and the mixed-flow pump 3. The ore crushed by the crushing and feeding device 5 is introduced into the U-shaped lifting riser 2 in real time, eliminating the possibility of ore accumulation and blockage at the bottom of the feed pipe 6.

[0050] Third, it eliminates the pollution of the surrounding seawater when the crushing and feeding device 5 is working. Since the connection between the feeding cylinder 4, the crushing and feeding device 5, the feeding pipe 6, and the U-shaped lifting riser 2 is a sealed connection, the crushing and feeding device 5 works in a semi-enclosed environment. Therefore, when the mixed flow pump 3 is working, the feed inlet of the U-shaped lifting riser 2 is under negative pressure. The ore particles generated by the crushing and feeding device 5, as well as the seabed mud carried by the ore, and the resulting turbid seawater are directly sucked into the U-shaped lifting riser 2, thus avoiding pollution of the surrounding seawater.

[0051] Fourth, the crushing and feeding device 5 can achieve self-cleaning during operation. Because the front roller 523 of the crushing and feeding device 5 has front end covers 530 on both sides, and the rear roller 513 has rear end covers 531 on both sides, each end face of the front and rear end covers has at least one radial protrusion 5301. When the front roller 523 and rear roller 513 rotate, the protrusion 5301 can automatically scrape the ore particles in the gap ε between the front and rear rollers and the upper section of the machine body 507 to the gap E between the front and rear rollers and the lower section of the machine body 507. Since gap E is larger than gap ε, the ore particles fall into the feed pipe 6 under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force, achieving self-cleaning of the ore particles in the gaps at the ends of the front and rear rollers. This prevents the continuous accumulation and compression of ore particles in the gaps at both ends of the front and rear rollers, which would increase the reactive power loss of the hydraulic variable motor 502 and ultimately lead to a blockage accident of the front and rear rollers on the seabed.

[0052] When the deep-sea mining conveying system starts working, the mixed flow pump 3 is operated first, and then the hydraulic variable motor 502 of the crushing and feeding device 5 is turned on.

[0053] When the deep-sea mining conveying system finishes its work, first shut down the hydraulic variable motor 502 of the crushing and feeding device 5, and then shut down the mixed flow pump 3.

[0054] Example 2: A single-roller crushing and feeding device includes a machine body and a hydraulic motor. The machine body is a square tube, running vertically through the machine, with the upper end being the inlet and the lower end being the outlet. A single roller is installed inside the machine body, and the roller is mounted on a corresponding roller shaft. The two ends of the roller shaft are supported by bearings on the bearing holes at the left and right ends of the machine body. At least three equally spaced circular blades of the same specification are arranged axially on the roller, and each circular blade has at least one cutter head. The front and rear facades of the machine body are sealed. The hydraulic motor is located outside the machine body, and its power output shaft is connected to the roller shaft.

[0055] The machine body consists of two sections, upper and lower, which are connected as one piece by flanges. On the front and rear vertical surfaces of the lower half of the machine body, front and rear seals are fixedly installed, and the upper planes of the front and rear seals are flush with the axis of the roller shaft.

[0056] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, this embodiment 2 is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that:

[0057] The crushing and feeding device is a single roller structure, with only one roller 623 installed inside.

[0058] The first body 607 consists of two quadrilateral cylindrical sections connected by flanges, running vertically through each other. A pair of bearing holes are provided on the end faces of the left and right ends of the first body 607. The bearing holes are symmetrical about the segmented surfaces of the first body 607. The bearing hole on the left end face of the first body 607 is the second bearing hole 627, and the bearing hole on the right end face of the first body 607 is the first bearing hole 621.

[0059] The roller 623 is axially arranged with seven equally spaced disc blades 622 of the same specification. Each disc blade 622 is provided with 12 cutter heads, and a first front spacing groove 626 is formed between the disc blades 622.

[0060] Roller 623 is mounted on roller shaft 625 and fixedly connected to roller shaft 625. Both ends of roller shaft 625 are supported by bearings in the first bearing hole 621 and the second bearing hole 627, respectively, and the right end of roller shaft 625 protrudes through the right side of the first machine body 607 via a bearing. Hydraulic variable displacement motor 502 is located outside the first machine body 607, and its power output shaft is connected to the right end of roller shaft 625. The hydraulic oil for hydraulic variable displacement motor 502 comes from hydraulic station 11 installed on relay station 10.

[0061] Inside the first machine body 607, on the lower front and rear vertical surfaces, a first front seal 624 and a first rear seal 614 with rectangular toothed grooves are fixedly installed, respectively. The radial direction of the roller 623 is adapted to the first front seal 624 and the first rear seal 614. The upper end faces of the first front seal 624 and the first rear seal 614 are flush with the upper and lower segmented surfaces of the first machine body 607. The first front seal 624 and the first rear seal 614 are made of high-strength metal.

[0062] The rotation direction of roller 623 is determined based on the installation direction of the cutter head on roller 623. When the front face of the cutter head is opposite to the upper end face of the first rear seal 614, viewed from the right end to the left end of roller 623, roller 623 rotates clockwise, driven by hydraulic variable motor 502. The disc blades 622 on roller 623 cooperate with the first rear seal 614 to mill, shear, and crush the ore. The first front seal 624 seals the axial gap between roller 623 and the front surface of the first machine body 607. Conversely, when roller 623 rotates counterclockwise, driven by hydraulic variable motor 502, the disc blades 622 on roller 623 cooperate with the first front seal 624 to mill, shear, and crush the ore. The first rear seal 614 seals the axial gap between roller 623 and the rear surface of the first machine body 607.

[0063] Example 3: A large-diameter double-roller crushing and feeding device includes a machine body, a front roller shaft, and a rear roller shaft; on the outer right side of the machine body, between the front roller shaft and the rear roller shaft, a left intermediate gear shaft and a right intermediate gear shaft are fixedly connected in left-right order; the right end of the front roller shaft is fixedly connected to a first front gear, and the right end of the rear roller shaft is fixedly connected to a first rear gear; the left intermediate gear is loosely fitted on the left intermediate gear shaft, and the right intermediate gear is loosely fitted on the right intermediate gear shaft; the first front gear, the left intermediate gear, the right intermediate gear, and the first rear gear mesh sequentially from left to right.

[0064] The first front gear and the first rear gear have the same number of teeth; the left middle gear and the right middle gear have the same number of teeth.

[0065] Bearings are installed inside the inner holes of the left and right intermediate gears.

[0066] like Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment 3 is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that:

[0067] The crushing and feeding device is a large-diameter double roller structure. The right ends of the front roller shaft 525 and the rear roller shaft 515 are respectively fixedly connected to the first front gear 551 and the first rear gear 556. The left intermediate gear 552 and the right intermediate gear 554 are arranged between them. The first front gear 551, the left intermediate gear 552, the right intermediate gear 554, and the first rear gear 556 mesh sequentially from left to right.

[0068] Specifically, on the right side exterior of the machine body, from left to right, the following are arranged in sequence: front roller shaft 525, left intermediate gear shaft 553, right intermediate gear shaft 555, and rear roller shaft 515; among which the left intermediate gear shaft 553 and right intermediate gear shaft 555 are fixedly connected to the right side exterior of the machine body.

[0069] The right end of the front roller shaft 525 is fixedly connected to the first front gear 551, and the right end of the rear roller shaft 515 is fixedly connected to the first rear gear 556; the left intermediate gear 552 is loosely fitted on the left intermediate gear shaft 553, and the right intermediate gear 554 is loosely fitted on the right intermediate gear shaft 555. From left to right, the first front gear 551, the left intermediate gear 552, the right intermediate gear 554, and the first rear gear 556 mesh in sequence.

[0070] The first front gear 551 and the first rear gear 556 have the same number of teeth; the left middle gear 552 and the right middle gear 554 have the same number of teeth, thus ensuring that the front roller 523 and the rear roller 513 rotate at the same speed in the large-diameter double roller crushing feeding device. Moreover, when viewed from the gear end to the left, the front roller 523 rotates clockwise and the rear roller 513 rotates counterclockwise.

[0071] To ensure that the intermediate gears rotate flexibly on the intermediate gear shaft, bearings are installed in the inner holes of the left intermediate gear 552 and the right intermediate gear 554, which are not shown in the figure.

[0072] A left intermediate gear 552 and a right intermediate gear 554 are arranged between the first front gear 551 and the first rear gear 556. Their function is to transmit power from the first front gear 551 to the first rear gear 556. The purpose is to reduce the size of the first front gear 551 and the first rear gear 556, and at the same time facilitate the adjustment of the center distance between the gear sets, thereby optimizing the structural design of the large-diameter double-roller crusher feeding device. For example, the center of the left intermediate gear 552 and the center of the right intermediate gear 554 are not set on the line connecting the center lines of the first front gear 551 and the first rear gear 556. This allows for adjustment of the center distance between the first front gear 551 and the left intermediate gear 552, and the center distance between the right intermediate gear 554 and the first rear gear 556, facilitating the design of the left intermediate gear 552 and the right intermediate gear 554.

Claims

1. A crushing and feeding device, characterized in that, The machine comprises a body and a hydraulic motor. The body is a square tube, divided into upper and lower sections connected by flanges. The body is continuous from top to bottom, with the upper end being the inlet and the lower end the outlet. A front roller and a rear roller are installed inside the body, both identical in shape and size. The front and rear rollers are axially reversed, respectively mounted and fixedly connected to corresponding front and rear roller shafts. The two ends of the front and rear roller shafts are supported by bearings in bearing holes at the left and right ends of the body. The right end of the front roller shaft protrudes from the right side of the body and is fixedly connected to a front gear; the right end of the rear roller shaft protrudes from the right side of the body and is fixedly connected to a rear gear. The front and rear gears mesh. Sealing is provided on both the front and rear vertical surfaces of the body. End caps are provided at both ends of the front and rear rollers; the gap ε between the end cap and the upper section of the machine body is smaller than the gap E between the end cap and the lower section of the machine body; at least one protrusion is provided radially on the outer end face of the end cap, and the height of the protrusion is smaller than the gap ε between the end cap and the upper section of the machine body. The hydraulic motor is located outside the machine body, and its power output shaft is connected to the front roller shaft.

2. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front roller is provided with at least three equally spaced front disc blades of the same specification along its axial direction, and the rear roller is provided with at least three equally spaced rear disc blades of the same specification along its axial direction. There is a front gap groove between adjacent front disc blades and a rear gap groove between adjacent rear disc blades. The front gap groove and the rear gap groove cooperate with the rear disc blade and the front disc blade, respectively. Each front disc blade is provided with at least one front cutting head, and each rear disc blade is also provided with at least one rear cutting head. The cutting edges of the front and rear cutting heads are provided with front and rear material receiving grooves in the radial direction of the disc blades, respectively.

3. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gaps between the top of the front disc blade and the bottom of the rear spacer groove, and between the top of the rear disc blade and the bottom of the front spacer groove, are both δ.

4. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The depth H of the front and rear spacer grooves is greater than the height h of the front and rear cutter heads.

5. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cutter heads on the front and rear rollers are distributed in a multi-head spiral pattern along the axial direction of the front and rear rollers.

6. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front and rear cutting heads on the front and rear disc blades are made of high-strength steel or artificial diamond.

7. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front gear and the rear gear have the same number of teeth.

8. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing of the front and rear facades is adapted to the gap between the front and rear rollers.

9. The crushing and feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic motor is a hydraulic variable displacement motor.

10. A deep-sea mining transport system, comprising a relay station, a U-shaped riser, a mixed-flow pump, a riser, and a mother ship, wherein the relay station is situated on the seabed and connected to the mother ship via the U-shaped riser, the mixed-flow pump, and the riser, characterized in that... The relay station includes a hydraulic station, a feeding cylinder, a feed pipe, and a crushing and feeding device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9. The feeding cylinder, the crushing and feeding device, and the feed pipe are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The lower end of the feed pipe is connected to a U-shaped lifting riser. A hydraulically controlled discharge port is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped lifting riser. The hydraulic oil of the hydraulic motor comes from the hydraulic station.

11. The deep-sea mining conveying system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The feeding cylinder is a conical tube, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a flange at the bottom that connects to the upper end of the crushing and feeding device.

12. The deep-sea mining conveying system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The feed pipe is tapered, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a rounded top and bottom. The upper opening is fitted with a flange that connects to the lower end of the crushing and feeding device, and the lower opening is fitted with a flange that connects to the U-shaped lifting riser.

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