Metal part assembly tool and method

Abstract

The application provides a metal part assembling tool and method, and relates to the technical field of bearing press fitting. The assembling tool comprises a supporting rotating base, a central support rod shaft, a tool table, a press fitting cylinder mechanism and a plurality of shaft body clamping parts. The tool table is rotatably arranged on the supporting rotating base, and the periphery thereof is divided into a feeding area, an assembling area and a discharging area. The method comprises the following steps: placing the shaft body part into the tool table step groove in the feeding area and positioning and clamping the shaft body part by the shaft body clamping part; in the assembling area, the press fitting cylinder mechanism uses the electromagnetic suction ring to adsorb the bearing part, and the center thereof is centered with the positioning column assembly through the alignment clamping part; the press fitting cylinder is driven to press down by the press fitting cylinder, the positioning column assembly triggers the pressure sensing block after contacting the shaft body part, the electromagnetic suction ring is controlled to be powered off and the clamping is released, the bearing part is automatically sleeved into the shaft body part under the action of the pressure; finally, the assembled body is rotated to the discharging area to complete discharging. The application realizes the full-automatic, high-precision and continuous assembling of the bearing and the shaft body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing press-fitting technology, and in particular to a tooling and method for assembling metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] Metal component assembly is a fundamental and crucial process in the field of mechanical manufacturing, with press fitting between bearings and shafts being particularly common. Such metal components typically include the shaft portion, which serves as the core of rotation; bearing components (such as rolling bearings and sliding bearing sleeves) that provide support and reduce friction; and other auxiliary structural parts used for positioning and fixation.

[0003] Currently, the conventional method for press-fitting bearings and shafts typically involves vertical pressing using a single hydraulic or pneumatic press. During operation, manual labor or simple tooling is usually required to initially position the bearing, then align the shaft with the bearing's inner ring before starting the press to complete the pressing process. This method has significant drawbacks: First, it has low automation, heavily relying on the operator's experience and skill, making it difficult to guarantee alignment accuracy and easily leading to problems such as misalignment, journal damage, or bearing failure. Second, it has low assembly efficiency, as loading / unloading, alignment, and pressing are all performed independently and intermittently, making continuous assembly line operations impossible and failing to meet the demands of mass production. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a solution that can achieve automated, high-precision, and high-efficiency bearing and shaft assembly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide assembly tooling and methods for metal parts to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A metal parts assembly fixture includes a supporting rotating platform, a central support shaft, a fixture table, a pressing cylinder mechanism for positioning bearing parts, and multiple shaft clamping components for positioning shaft parts. The fixture table is rotatably mounted on the supporting rotating platform, and its upper surface has multiple circumferentially distributed fixture step grooves for placing shaft parts. A fixture through hole is formed at the center of each fixture step groove. Multiple shaft clamping components are located on the lower surface of the fixture table and correspond to the multiple fixture through holes. These clamping components position and clamp the portion of the shaft part that passes through the fixture through holes and extends to the lower side of the fixture table, aligning the shaft part's axis with the center line of the fixture step grooves. The central support shaft is fixed to the upper end face of the supporting rotating platform and passes through the center of the fixture table. The top of the central support shaft has a support arm. The pressing cylinder mechanism is located on... The boom is located at the end furthest from the central strut axis and above one of the positions on the rotation path of the tooling step groove. The pressing cylinder mechanism includes a pressing cylinder, a pressing cylinder, an alignment clamping component, and a positioning column assembly. The pressing cylinder is mounted on the boom, and its telescopic end is connected to the top of the pressing cylinder. The positioning column assembly is located inside the pressing cylinder and can move axially. The lower end of the positioning column assembly extends from the center of the bottom of the pressing cylinder. An electromagnetic suction ring is provided on the bottom end face of the pressing cylinder, which can electromagnetically attract bearing components. The alignment clamping component is located on the outer wall of the pressing cylinder and can clamp the bearing components from the outer wall so that their center line is aligned with the center line of the positioning column assembly. A pressure sensing block is provided at the end of the positioning column assembly. The pressure sensing block is electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction ring and the alignment clamping component through a state controller.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0008] In one alternative: the bottom center of the press-fit cylinder has a clearance through hole, the positioning post assembly includes a positioning post, a guide plate and a return spring, the positioning post passes through the clearance through hole, and there is a gap between its outer wall and the inner wall of the clearance through hole, the guide plate is slidably disposed inside the press-fit cylinder, the guide plate is connected to the top wall inside the press-fit cylinder by a return spring, and the pressure sensing block is disposed at the bottom end of the positioning post and can record the pressure between the positioning post and the shaft end of the bearing component.

[0009] In one alternative: the press-fitting cylinder is further provided with an inner cone, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the edge of the clearance through hole, and the minimum diameter of the inner cone is the same as the outer diameter of the positioning post. The outer wall of the inner cone has multiple cuts, which divide the inner cone into multiple elastically deformable pressing sections.

[0010] In one alternative embodiment: the top of the press-fit cylinder is provided with an upper plate, the alignment clamping component includes a bearing positioning assembly and a positioning cylinder, the positioning cylinder is located on the upper plate, the bearing positioning assembly includes a common movable ring and multiple clamping movable frames circumferentially distributed on the outside of the press-fit cylinder, the middle part of the clamping movable frame is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the press-fit cylinder, the lower end of the clamping movable frame extends to the location of the bearing component and is provided with clamping rollers, the top of the clamping movable frame is hinged with a push-pull connecting rod, the common movable ring can be axially slidably sleeved on the press-fit cylinder, the end of the push-pull connecting rod away from the clamping movable frame is hinged to the outer wall of the common movable ring, and the telescopic end of the positioning cylinder is fixedly connected to the common movable ring.

[0011] In one alternative: an inner support roller is provided at the middle position of the central support rod shaft, and the outer wall of the inner support roller is provided with multiple positioning grooves; a bushing is provided at the center of the tooling table to rotate with the inner support roller, and the inner wall of the bushing is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed hidden grooves, which correspond to multiple tooling step grooves respectively. The hidden grooves have movable positioning roller pressing parts inside, and the positioning roller pressing parts include a roller pressing frame and a positioning pressure roller. The roller pressing frame can slide radially with the inner wall of the bushing, and the outer wall of the roller pressing frame and the inner wall of the bushing are also connected by at least one roller pressing spring. The positioning pressure roller is rotatably mounted on the roller pressing frame.

[0012] In one alternative embodiment: the lower end face of the tooling table is provided with multiple side-pressure radial grooves around each tooling through hole, and a pressure-sensing block is provided inside the tooling stepped groove. The shaft clamping component includes a synchronous drive and multiple clamping rollers. The bottom of each clamping roller is connected to a side-pressure movable seat, which can be slidably disposed in the corresponding side-pressure radial groove. The synchronous drive is connected to the multiple side-pressure movable seats to drive them to move synchronously. The pressure-sensing block is electrically connected to the synchronous drive. The side of the clamping roller facing the shaft has a V-shaped clamping groove.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment: the synchronous drive component includes a drive ring and a clamping cylinder. The drive ring is rotatably mounted on the tooling table and concentric with the tooling step groove. The drive ring is provided with a plurality of drive connecting rods with one end hinged thereto, and the other end of the drive connecting rod is hinged to a corresponding side-pressure movable seat. The outer wall of the drive ring has an outer support frame and a connecting seat that can move along its length is provided inside the outer support frame. The clamping cylinder is fixed to the lower end face of the tooling table by a support, and the telescopic end of the clamping cylinder is hinged to the connecting seat.

[0014] In one alternative embodiment: the shaft clamping component further includes a lifting plate, which is positioned opposite the tooling through hole, and its outer wall is provided with a plurality of lifting connecting rods with one end hinged thereto, the end of the lifting connecting rod away from the lifting plate being hinged to the end of the corresponding clamping roller.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for assembling metal parts, which is based on the metal parts assembly fixture described above and includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Divide the area around the tooling table into a loading area, an assembly area, and an unloading area; wherein, the pressing cylinder mechanism is located above the assembly area, and the upper surface of the tooling table is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed tooling step grooves for placing the shaft part; the tooling table can rotate around the central support rod axis, and the shaft clamping component is located on the lower surface of the tooling table for positioning and clamping the shaft part.

[0017] Step 2: In the loading area, place the shaft body to be assembled in the corresponding tooling step groove, so that the shaft end that mates with the bearing component faces upward; the shaft body clamping component works automatically to clamp and position the part of the shaft body that passes through the tooling through hole and extends to the lower side of the tooling table, ensuring that the axis of the shaft body is aligned with the center line of the tooling step groove.

[0018] Step 3: Start the tooling table to rotate, so that the shaft part rotates along the circumference of the tooling table, passing through the loading area, assembly area and unloading area in sequence; when the shaft part rotates to the position directly below the pressing cylinder mechanism, stop or rotate slowly to prepare for assembly.

[0019] Step 4: Place the bearing components at the bottom of the press-fit cylinder, so that the lower end of the positioning pin assembly passes through its inner ring; activate the electromagnetic suction ring to attract the bearing components; at the same time, the alignment clamping component clamps the bearing components from the outer wall, causing radial fine adjustment, until the center line of the bearing components is aligned with the center line of the positioning pin assembly.

[0020] Step 5: The press-fit cylinder drives the press-fit cylinder to move downwards, and the bottom of the positioning pin assembly gradually abuts against the shaft end of the shaft body; the shaft body generates a reaction force on the positioning pin assembly, causing it to move upwards relative to the press-fit cylinder; after the pressure sensor detects this movement, it sends a signal to the status controller; the status controller controls the electromagnetic suction ring to de-energize and controls the alignment clamping component to release the bearing component; under the pressure of the press-fit cylinder, the bearing component automatically fits into the shaft body to complete the assembly.

[0021] Step Six: The press cylinder drives the press cylinder to return to its initial position, and the assembled component continues to rotate with the tooling table to the unloading area; in the unloading area, the assembled part is taken out from the tooling step groove, completing one assembly cycle.

[0022] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 above to achieve continuous assembly of the shaft body and bearing components.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention integrates loading, assembly, and unloading processes into a single cycle using a rotary multi-station tooling system, enabling parallel operation at different stations and significantly improving assembly efficiency. It is particularly suitable for mass production. A shaft clamping component ensures alignment between the shaft and the tooling table. Simultaneously, the alignment clamping component and electromagnetic chuck of the pressing cylinder mechanism actively perform radial fine-tuning and alignment of the bearing components before pressing, effectively avoiding pressing quality problems caused by misalignment and ensuring a high first-pass yield. Through the linkage of a pressure sensor and a status controller, the system accurately senses the start of pressing and automatically controls the de-energization of the electromagnetic chuck and the release of the alignment clamping component. The entire process is precise and reliable, achieving intelligent production. The tooling structure is ingeniously designed; by replacing different specifications of tooling step grooves, pressing cylinders, and other components, it can adapt to the assembly of shafts and bearings of different sizes, offering good versatility. Furthermore, the combination of mechanical, pneumatic, and electromagnetic methods ensures stable and reliable system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the metal parts assembly tooling in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an assembly tooling structure for removing the metal parts supporting the rotating platform in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling table from one perspective in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling table from another perspective in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fit cylinder mechanism and the central support shaft structure in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fit cylinder mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the press-fit cylinder in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning roller pressing section structure in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft clamping component structure in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure reference numerals: Rotary support base 100, central support shaft 200, inner support roller 210, positioning groove 220, support arm 230, tooling table 300, lower cylinder 310, rotary motor 320, tooling step groove 330, tooling through hole 340, pressure sensing block 350, bushing 360, hidden groove 370, positioning roller pressing part 380, roller pressing frame 381, roller pressing spring 382, ​​positioning pressure roller 383, side pressure radial groove 390, pressing cylinder mechanism 400, pressing cylinder 410, pressing cylinder 420, upper plate 430, positioning column assembly 440, positioning column 4 41. Guide plate 442. Return spring 443. Bearing positioning assembly 450. Pressing movable frame 451. Common connecting movable ring 452. Pressing roller 453. Push-pull connecting rod 454. Positioning cylinder 460. Electromagnetic suction ring 470. Pressure sensing block 480. Inner cone cylinder 490. Shaft clamping component 500. Side pressure movable seat 510. Drive ring 520. Clamping roller 530. V-shaped clamping groove 531. Drive connecting rod 540. Outer support arm frame 550. Clamping cylinder 560. Connecting seat 570. Lifting plate 580. Lifting connecting rod 590. Shaft part 600. Bearing components 700. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The left, right, up, and down positions of the various components shown in the attached diagram are just one arrangement method; the specific positions should be set according to specific needs.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figures 1-6As shown, a metal parts assembly fixture includes a supporting rotating platform 100, a central support shaft 200, a fixture table 300, a pressing cylinder mechanism 400 for positioning bearing parts 700, and multiple shaft clamping components 500 for positioning shaft parts 600. The fixture table 300 is rotatably mounted on the supporting rotating platform 100, and its upper surface is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed fixture stepped grooves 330 for placing the shaft parts 600. A fixture through hole 340 is formed in the center of each fixture stepped groove 330. Multiple shafts... A clamping component 500 is disposed on the lower surface of the tooling table 300 and corresponds to multiple tooling through holes 340; multiple shaft clamping components 500 are used to position and clamp the portion of the shaft part 600 that passes through the tooling through holes 340 and extends to the lower side of the tooling table 300, so that the axis of the shaft part 600 is aligned with the center line of the tooling stepped groove 330; the central support shaft 200 is fixed to the upper end face of the supporting rotating platform 100 and passes through the center of the tooling table 300, and the top of the central support shaft 200 has a support arm 230 and a pressing cylinder. The body mechanism 400 is located at one end of the support boom 230 away from the central strut shaft 200 and on the upper side of one of the positions on the rotation path of the tooling step groove 330; the pressing cylinder mechanism 400 includes a pressing cylinder 410, a pressing cylinder 420, an alignment clamping component, and a positioning column assembly 440. The pressing cylinder 420 is located on the support boom 230, and its telescopic end is connected to the top of the pressing cylinder 410; the positioning column assembly 440 is located inside the pressing cylinder 410 and can move axially, with the lower end of the positioning column assembly 440... An electromagnetic suction ring 470 is provided on the bottom end face of the press-fit cylinder 410, which extends from the center of the bottom of the press-fit cylinder 410 and can electromagnetically attract the bearing component 700. The alignment clamping component is provided on the outer wall of the press-fit cylinder 410 and can clamp the bearing component 700 from the outer wall so that its center line is aligned with the center line of the positioning column assembly 440. A pressure sensing block 480 is provided at the end of the positioning column assembly 440. The pressure sensing block 480 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction ring 470 and the alignment clamping component through a state controller.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the periphery of the tooling table 300 is divided into a loading area, an assembly area, and an unloading area, with the pressing cylinder mechanism 400 located in the assembly area. In the loading area, the shaft portion 600 to be assembled is placed in the corresponding tooling step groove 330, with the portion that mates with the bearing component 700 facing upwards. The shaft clamping component 500 operates to position and clamp the bottom of the corresponding shaft portion 600, keeping it aligned with the axis of the tooling step groove 330. The tooling table 300 begins to rotate around the center line of the central support rod shaft 200, and multiple shaft portions 600 follow the rotation of the tooling table 300. Since the pressing cylinder mechanism 400 is located in the loading area, the shaft portion 600 is positioned in the assembly area. The tooling step groove 330 is located on the upper side of one of the rotation paths, so the shaft part 600 can rotate to be directly below the pressing cylinder mechanism 400; the bearing component 700 to be assembled is placed at the bottom of the pressing cylinder 410, and the lower end of the positioning pin assembly 440 passes through the inner ring of the bearing component 700; the state controller controls the electromagnetic suction ring 470 to be energized, and the electromagnetic suction ring 470 magnetically attracts the bearing component 700 to the bottom of the pressing cylinder 410, while the alignment clamping component begins to clamp the bearing component 700 from the outer wall, so that the bearing component 700 moves radially relative to the pressing cylinder 410, so that it is aligned with the positioning pin assembly. 440 center lines are aligned; when the shaft part 600 of the feeding area rotates to directly below the pressing cylinder mechanism 400, the shaft part 600 and the positioning column assembly 440 are aligned, the pressing cylinder 420 works and drives the pressing cylinder 410 to move downward, the bottom of the positioning column assembly 440 gradually abuts against the shaft end of the shaft part 600, the shaft part 600 applies a reaction force to the bottom of the positioning column assembly 440, the positioning column assembly 440 moves upward relative to the pressing cylinder 410, the pressure sensing block 480 generates a sensing signal and transmits it to the status controller, the status controller sends control commands to the alignment clamping component and the electromagnetic suction ring 470, the electromagnetic suction ring 470... When the ring 470 is de-energized and the alignment clamping component releases the bearing component 700, the bearing component 700 automatically moves down and, in an aligned state, fits onto the shaft end of the shaft body 600. Under the pressure of the pressing cylinder 410, it is assembled onto the mating shaft section of the bearing component 700, thus achieving automatic assembly. After assembly, the pressing cylinder 420 drives the pressing cylinder 410 to move back to the initial position. At this time, there is no magnetic attraction between the bearing component 700 and the electromagnetic chuck 470, and the bearing component 700 can be stably fitted onto the shaft body 600. It then rotates with the shaft body 600 along with the tooling table 300 to the unloading area for unloading. The status controller uses a conventional controller to control the energization and de-energization of the electromagnetic chuck 470 and the clamping and releasing actions of the alignment clamping component.

[0040] In one embodiment, such as Figures 2-7As shown, the press-fit cylinder 410 has a clearance through hole at its bottom center. The positioning post assembly 440 includes a positioning post 441, a guide plate 442, and a return spring 443. The positioning post 441 passes through the clearance through hole, and a gap is left between its outer wall and the inner wall of the clearance through hole. The guide plate 442 is slidably disposed inside the press-fit cylinder 410. The guide plate 442 is connected to the top wall inside the press-fit cylinder 410 by the return spring 443. The pressure sensing block 480 is disposed at the bottom end of the positioning post 441 and can record the pressure between the positioning post 441 and the shaft end of the bearing component 700. In this embodiment of the invention, a gap is left between the clearance through hole and the outer wall of the positioning post 441, allowing shaft sections with a diameter larger than the positioning post 441 to extend into the press-fit cylinder 410 through the clearance through hole. This allows for the assembly of shaft sections 600 and bearing components 700 with a certain diameter range. When pressure is generated between the positioning post 441 and the positioning post 441, the positioning post 441 gradually retracts into the press-fit cylinder 410. The return spring 443 contracts and generates a rebound force. The pressure sensing block 480 records the pressure between the positioning post 441 and the shaft end of the bearing component 700. This pressure reflects the change in the length of the return spring 443, which is also the distance that the positioning post 441 moves relative to the press-fit cylinder 410. When the pressure recorded by the pressure sensing block 480 reaches a preset threshold, the distance between the shaft segment that mates with the bearing component 700 and the bearing component 700 is relatively small. The state controller sends a control command to the alignment clamping component and the electromagnetic suction ring 470. The electromagnetic suction ring 470 is de-energized and the alignment clamping component releases the bearing component 700. The bearing component 700 can be effectively aligned and press-fitted onto the shaft segment of the shaft body 600, reducing the vibration of the shaft body 600 during press-fitting and avoiding damage caused by misalignment.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figures 2-7 As shown, the press-fitting cylinder 410 also has an inner cone cylinder 490 inside. The bottom of the inner cone cylinder 490 is fixedly connected to the edge of the clearance through hole, and the minimum diameter of the inner cone cylinder 490 is the same as the outer diameter of the positioning post 441. The outer wall of the inner cone cylinder 490 has multiple cuts, which divide the inner cone cylinder 490 into multiple elastically deformable pressing sections. In this embodiment of the invention, when the shaft section of the shaft part 600 that abuts against the positioning post 441 enters the press-fitting cylinder 410, the multiple pressing sections on the inner cone cylinder 490 press against its outer wall in an elastic pressing manner; thereby reducing the vibration of the shaft part 600 during press-fitting.

[0042] In one embodiment, such as Figures 2-7As shown, the top of the press-fit cylinder 410 is provided with an upper plate 430. The alignment and clamping component includes a bearing positioning assembly 450 and a positioning cylinder 460. The positioning cylinder 460 is located on the upper plate 430. The bearing positioning assembly 450 includes a common movable ring 452 and multiple clamping movable frames 451 circumferentially distributed on the outside of the press-fit cylinder 410. The middle part of the clamping movable frame 451 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the press-fit cylinder 410. The lower end of the clamping movable frame 451 extends to the location of the bearing component 700 and is provided with a clamping roller 453. A push-pull connecting rod 454 is hinged to the top of the clamping movable frame 451. The common movable ring 452 can be axially slidably sleeved on the press-fit cylinder 410. The push-pull connecting rod 454 is located at the top of the press-fit cylinder 410. The end of the clamping movable frame 451 is hinged to the outer wall of the common movable ring 452, and the telescopic end of the positioning cylinder 460 is fixedly connected to the common movable ring 452. In this embodiment of the invention, the positioning cylinder 460 is driven by a state controller to drive the common movable ring 452 to move along its axis on the outer wall of the pressing cylinder 410 through its own telescopic movement. The common movable ring 452 drives the clamping movable frame 451 to rotate around its connection with the pressing cylinder 410 through the push-pull connecting rod 454, so that the clamping roller 453 follows the clamping movable frame 451 to rotate, so as to apply radial pressure to the outer wall of the bearing component 700. The synchronous rotation of multiple clamping rollers 453 can ensure that the bearing component 700 and the positioning column assembly 440 are coaxial.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8As shown, an inner support roller 210 is provided at the middle position of the central support shaft 200, and the outer wall of the inner support roller 210 is provided with multiple positioning grooves 220; a bushing 360 is provided at the center of the tooling table 300, which rotates and cooperates with the inner support roller 210. The inner wall of the bushing 360 is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed hidden grooves 370, which correspond to multiple tooling step grooves 330 respectively. The hidden grooves 370 have movable positioning roller pressing parts 380 inside. The positioning roller pressing part 380 includes a roller pressing frame 381 and a positioning pressing roller 383. The roller pressing frame 381 can slide radially with the inner wall of the bushing 360. The outer wall of the roller pressing frame 381 and the inner wall of the bushing 360 are also connected by at least one roller pressing spring 382. 83 is rotatably mounted on the roller press frame 381; in this embodiment of the invention, multiple positioning grooves 220 correspond to the loading area, assembly area and unloading area respectively; when the positioning roller press part 380 is misaligned with the positioning groove 220, the positioning roller 383 rolls and contacts the outer wall of the inner support roller 210. When one of the hidden grooves 370 rotates to the positioning groove 220, the roller press spring 382 acts on the roller press frame 381 through its own restoring deformation elastic force, so that the positioning roller 383 can roll and be inserted into the positioning groove 220. The positioning groove 220 increases the resistance of the tooling table 300 rotation, thereby confirming that the tooling step groove 330 rotates to the corresponding loading area, assembly area or unloading area, ensuring that the tooling step groove 330 can rotate to the position aligned with the positioning column assembly 440.

[0044] The tooling table 300 has a concentric lower cylinder 310 at its bottom end, and the lower cylinder 310 has an internal gear ring inside. The rotating support pedestal 100 is equipped with a rotary motor 320, and the output end of the rotary motor 320 has a gear that meshes with the internal gear ring. The rotary motor 320 works and the tooling table 300 rotates through the meshing of the gear and the internal gear ring.

[0045] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 9As shown, the lower end face of the tooling table 300 is provided with multiple side-pressure radial grooves 390 around each tooling through hole 340. A pressure-sensing block 350 is provided inside the tooling stepped groove 330. The shaft clamping component 500 includes a synchronous drive and multiple clamping rollers 530. Each clamping roller 530 has a side-pressure movable seat 510 connected to its bottom. The side-pressure movable seat 510 is slidably disposed within the corresponding side-pressure radial groove 390. The synchronous drive is connected to the multiple side-pressure movable seats 510 to drive their synchronous movement. The pressure-sensing block 350 is electrically connected to the synchronous drive. The clamping rollers 530 face the shaft portion. The side of the shaft 600 has a V-shaped clamping groove 531. In this embodiment of the invention, when the shaft body 600 is placed in the tooling step groove 330, the shaft shoulder of the shaft body 600 contacts the pressure sensing block 350. The pressure sensing block 350 generates sensing pressure and sends a driving command to the synchronous drive component. The synchronous drive component works and drives multiple side pressure movable seats 510 to move toward the center of the tooling through hole 340. Multiple clamping rollers 530 follow the movement and contact the shaft section of the lower part of the shaft body 600. The V-shaped clamping groove 531 is stuck on the shaft section, thereby achieving clamping and ensuring that the shaft body 600 and the tooling step groove 330 are concentrically aligned.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, the synchronous drive component includes a drive ring 520 and a clamping cylinder 560. The drive ring 520 is rotatably mounted on the tooling table 300 and concentric with the tooling step groove 330. The drive ring 520 is provided with a plurality of drive connecting rods 540, one end of which is hinged to the drive ring 520, and the other end of the drive connecting rod 540 is hinged to a corresponding side-pressure movable seat 510. The outer wall of the drive ring 520 has an outer support frame 550, and a connecting seat 570 movable along its length is provided inside the outer support frame 550. The clamping cylinder 560 is fixed to the lower end face of the tooling table 300 by a support. The telescopic end of cylinder 560 is hinged to connecting seat 570. In this embodiment of the invention, clamping cylinder 560 is electrically connected to pressure sensing block 350. When pressure sensing block 350 is pressed and generates a sensing signal, clamping cylinder 560 extends and pushes connecting seat 570, so that outer support arm frame 550 and drive ring 520 rotate around the center of tooling through hole 340. Drive ring 520 acts on side pressure movable seat 510 through multiple drive connecting rods 540, so that multiple side pressure movable seats 510 move synchronously, thereby realizing the positioning, clamping and loosening of the lower shaft section of shaft body 600.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 9As shown, the shaft clamping component 500 also includes a lifting plate 580, which is positioned opposite the tooling through hole 340. Multiple lifting connecting rods 590, each hinged at one end, are provided on its outer wall. The end of each lifting connecting rod 590 away from the lifting plate 580 is hinged to the end of a corresponding clamping roller 530. In this embodiment, initially, the lifting plate 580 does not contact the bottom of the shaft portion 600. When the shaft portion 600 and bearing component 700 are assembled and moved to the unloading area, the clamping cylinder 560 drives the clamping roller 530 to move away from the center of the tooling through hole 340. Simultaneously, the lifting plate 580 moves towards the shaft portion 600 and gradually lifts the bottom of the shaft portion 600, automatically placing the top of the shaft portion 600 at a certain height for manual unloading or robotic gripping.

[0048] The above embodiment provides a metal parts assembly fixture for automatically pressing together the shaft body 600 and the bearing parts 700. Its core working principle is as follows:

[0049] The tooling table 300 rotates around the central support shaft 200, and its perimeter is divided into a loading area, an assembly area, and an unloading area. The pressing cylinder mechanism 400 is fixed above the assembly area and connected to the top of the central support shaft 200 via a support arm 230. The shaft part 600 is placed in the tooling step groove 330 of the tooling table 300 in the loading area.

[0050] When the shaft body 600 is placed in the tooling step groove 330, its shoulder triggers the pressure sensing block 350. The pressure sensing block 350 sends a signal to activate the clamping cylinder 560 of the shaft body clamping component 500. The clamping cylinder 560 pushes the connecting seat 570 to move along the outer support arm frame 550, driving the drive ring 520 to rotate.

[0051] The drive ring 520 pushes multiple side-pressure movable seats 510 to move synchronously radially within the side-pressure radial groove 390 via multiple drive linkages 540, so that the V-shaped clamping groove 531 on the clamping roller 530 clamps the lower shaft section of the shaft body 600, ensuring that its axis is aligned with the center of the tooling step groove 330. Subsequently, the rotary motor 320 (whose output gear meshes with the internal gear ring of the lower cylinder 310) drives the tooling table 300 to rotate on the supporting rotary table 100, causing the clamped shaft body 600 to rotate into the assembly area.

[0052] In the assembly area, the operator places the bearing component 700 at the bottom of the press-fit cylinder 410. The lower end of the positioning pin 441 of the positioning pin assembly 440 is inserted into the inner ring of the bearing component 700. The status controller controls the electromagnetic suction ring 470 to be energized, thus holding the bearing component 700 in place.

[0053] The positioning cylinder 460 drives the common movable ring 452 to move down along the pressing cylinder 410, and drives the pressing movable frame 451 to rotate through the push-pull connecting rod 454, so that the pressing roller 453 presses the outer ring of the bearing component 700 radially, so that its center is precisely aligned with the center line of the positioning column 441.

[0054] When the tooling step groove 330 of the clamping shaft part 600 rotates to directly below the pressing cylinder mechanism 400, the pressing cylinder 420 drives the pressing cylinder 410 to press down as a whole. The bottom of the positioning pin 441 contacts the shaft end of the shaft part 600 first. As the pressing continues, the reaction force of the shaft part 600 on the positioning pin 441 causes it to drive the guide plate 442 to compress the return spring 443, causing it to retract upward relative to the pressing cylinder 410.

[0055] The pressure sensing block 480 installed at the bottom of the positioning column 441 detects that the pressure has reached the preset threshold and sends a signal to the status controller.

[0056] The status controller immediately cuts off the power to the electromagnetic chuck 470 and commands the positioning cylinder 460 to reset, releasing the clamping roller 453. The bearing component 700, now free from magnetic attraction and external clamping, precisely fits into the mating shaft section at the top of the shaft body 600 under the influence of gravity and the downward pressure of the pressing cylinder 410. During this process, the elastic clamping section of the inner cone cylinder 490 grips the shaft body, reducing pressing vibration.

[0057] During the rotation of the tooling table 300, the central bushing 360 engages with the inner support roller 210 fixed on the central support shaft 200. Under the action of the roller pressure spring 382, ​​the positioning roller 383 on the inner wall of the bushing 360 is constantly pressed against the outer wall of the inner support roller 210. When the tooling table 300 rotates to a specific work position (loading, assembly, unloading), the hidden groove 370 aligns with the positioning groove 220 on the inner support roller 210, and the positioning roller 383, under the action of the spring force, engages in the groove, generating positioning resistance and ensuring that the tooling step groove 330 is accurately positioned.

[0058] The pressed component rotates with the tooling table 300 to the unloading area. At this time, the clamping cylinder 560 of the shaft clamping component 500 reverses its action, driving the clamping roller 530 to release radially. During the release process, through the linkage of the drive connecting rod 540 and the lifting connecting rod 590, the lifting plate 580 moves upward, lifting the assembled shaft part 600 from the tooling step groove 330 to a certain height, making it convenient for manual or robotic arm to remove the part.

[0059] The present invention also provides a method for assembling metal parts, which is based on the metal parts assembly fixture described above and includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Divide the area around the tooling table 300 into a loading area, an assembly area, and an unloading area; wherein, the pressing cylinder mechanism 400 is located above the assembly area, and the upper surface of the tooling table 300 is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed tooling step grooves 330 for placing the shaft part 600; the tooling table 300 can rotate around the central support rod shaft 200, and the shaft clamping component 500 is located on the lower surface of the tooling table 300 for positioning and clamping the shaft part 600.

[0061] Step 2: In the loading area, place the shaft part 600 to be assembled in the corresponding tooling step groove 330, so that the shaft end that mates with the bearing component 700 faces upward; the shaft clamping component 500 automatically operates to clamp and position the part of the shaft part 600 that passes through the tooling through hole 340 and extends to the lower side of the tooling table 300, ensuring that the axis of the shaft part 600 is aligned with the center line of the tooling step groove 330.

[0062] Step 3: Start the tooling table 300 to rotate, so that the shaft part 600 rotates along the circumferential direction with the tooling table, passing through the loading area, assembly area and unloading area in sequence; when the shaft part 600 rotates to directly below the pressing cylinder mechanism 400, stop or rotate slowly, in preparation for assembly.

[0063] Step 4: Place the bearing component 700 at the bottom of the press-fit cylinder 410, so that the lower end of the positioning pin assembly 440 passes through its inner ring; activate the electromagnetic suction ring 470 to attract the bearing component 700; at the same time, the alignment clamping component clamps the bearing component 700 from the outer wall to make radial fine adjustment until the center line of the bearing component 700 is aligned with the center line of the positioning pin assembly 440.

[0064] Step 5: The press cylinder 420 drives the press cylinder 410 to move downward, and the bottom of the positioning pin assembly 440 gradually abuts against the shaft end of the shaft body 600; the shaft body 600 generates a reaction force on the positioning pin assembly 440, causing it to move upward relative to the press cylinder 410; after the pressure sensing block 480 detects this movement, it sends a signal to the status controller; the status controller controls the electromagnetic suction ring 470 to de-energize and controls the alignment clamping component to release the bearing component 700; under the pressure of the press cylinder 410, the bearing component 700 automatically fits into the shaft body 600 to complete the assembly.

[0065] Step 6: The press cylinder 420 drives the press cylinder 410 to return to its initial position, and the assembled component continues to rotate with the tooling table 300 to the unloading area; in the unloading area, the assembled part is taken out from the tooling step groove 330, completing one assembly cycle.

[0066] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 above to achieve continuous assembly of the shaft body 600 and the bearing component 700.

[0067] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Claims

1. A metal parts assembly fixture, comprising a supporting rotating platform (100), a central support shaft (200), a fixture table (300), a pressing cylinder mechanism (400) for positioning bearing parts (700), and a plurality of shaft clamping components (500) for positioning shaft parts (600), wherein the fixture table (300) is rotatably mounted on the supporting rotating platform (100), and its upper surface is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed fixture step grooves (330) for placing shaft parts (600), and a fixture through hole (340) is provided in the center of the fixture step grooves (330), characterized in that, Multiple shaft clamping components (500) are provided on the lower surface of the tooling table (300) and correspond to multiple tooling through holes (340); the multiple shaft clamping components (500) are used to position and clamp the portion of the shaft part (600) that passes through the tooling through hole (340) and extends to the lower side of the tooling table (300) so that the axis of the shaft part (600) is aligned with the center line of the tooling stepped groove (330); The central strut shaft (200) is fixed on the upper end face of the supporting rotating platform (100) and passes through the center of the tooling table (300). The top of the central strut shaft (200) has a support arm (230). The pressing cylinder mechanism (400) is located at one end of the support arm (230) away from the central strut shaft (200) and on the upper side of one of the positions on the rotation path of the tooling step groove (330). The press-fit cylinder mechanism (400) includes a press-fit cylinder (410), a press-fit cylinder (420), an alignment clamping component, and a positioning column assembly (440). The press-fit cylinder (420) is mounted on the support arm (230), and its telescopic end is connected to the top of the press-fit cylinder (410). The positioning column assembly (440) is located inside the press-fit cylinder (410) and can move axially. The lower end of the positioning column assembly (440) extends out from the center of the bottom of the press-fit cylinder (410). An electromagnetic suction ring (470) is provided on the bottom end face of the press-fit cylinder (410) and can pass through the electromagnetic suction bearing component (700). The alignment clamping component is located on the outer wall of the press-fit cylinder (410) and can clamp the bearing component (700) from the outer wall so that its center line is aligned with the center line of the positioning column assembly (440). The end of the positioning post assembly (440) is provided with a pressure sensing block (480), which is electrically connected to the electromagnetic suction ring (470) and the alignment clamping component through a status controller.

2. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The press-fit cylinder (410) has an clearance through hole at the bottom center, and the positioning post assembly (440) includes a positioning post (441), a guide plate (442), and a return spring (443). The positioning post (441) passes through the clearance through hole, and there is a gap between its outer wall and the inner wall of the clearance through hole. The guide plate (442) is slidably disposed inside the press-fit cylinder (410). The guide plate (442) is connected to the inner top wall of the press-fit cylinder (410) by a reset spring (443). The pressure sensing block (480) is disposed at the bottom end of the positioning post (441) and can record the pressure between the positioning post (441) and the shaft end of the bearing component (700).

3. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The press-fit cylinder (410) is also provided with an inner cone (490). The bottom of the inner cone (490) is fixedly connected to the edge of the clearance through hole, and the minimum diameter of the inner cone (490) is the same as the outer diameter of the positioning post (441). The outer wall of the inner cone (490) has multiple cuts, which divide the inner cone (490) into multiple elastically deformable pressing sections.

4. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the press-fit cylinder (410) is provided with an upper plate (430), and the alignment clamping component includes a bearing positioning assembly (450) and a positioning cylinder (460). The positioning cylinder (460) is mounted on the upper plate (430), and the bearing positioning assembly (450) includes a common movable ring (452) and multiple pressing movable frames (451) circumferentially distributed on the outside of the pressing cylinder (410). The middle part of the pressing movable frame (451) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the pressing cylinder (410). The lower end of the pressing movable frame (451) extends to the position of the bearing component (700) and is provided with a pressing roller (453). The top of the pressing movable frame (451) is hinged with a push-pull connecting rod (454). The common connecting ring (452) can be axially slidably sleeved on the press-fit cylinder (410), the end of the push-pull connecting rod (454) away from the pressing movable frame (451) is hinged to the outer wall of the common connecting ring (452), and the telescopic end of the positioning cylinder (460) is fixedly connected to the common connecting ring (452).

5. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inner support roller (210) is provided at the middle position of the central support rod shaft (200), and a plurality of positioning grooves (220) are provided on the outer wall of the inner support roller (210). The tooling table (300) is provided with a bushing (360) at its center, which rotates and cooperates with the inner support roller (210). The inner wall of the bushing (360) is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed hidden grooves (370). The plurality of hidden grooves (370) correspond to a plurality of tooling step grooves (330) respectively. The hidden grooves (370) have movable positioning roller pressing parts (380) inside. The positioning roller pressing part (380) includes a roller pressing frame (381) and a positioning pressure roller (383). The roller pressing frame (381) can slide radially with the inner wall of the bushing (360). The outer wall of the roller pressing frame (381) and the inner wall of the bushing (360) are also connected by at least one roller pressing spring (382). The positioning pressure roller (383) is rotatably mounted on the roller pressing frame (381).

6. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end face of the tooling table (300) is provided with multiple side pressure radial grooves (390) around each tooling through hole (340), and a pressure sensing block (350) is provided inside the tooling step groove (330). The shaft clamping component (500) includes a synchronous drive and multiple clamping rollers (530); each clamping roller (530) has a side pressure movable seat (510) connected to its bottom, and the side pressure movable seat (510) is slidably disposed in the corresponding side pressure radial groove (390). The synchronous drive is connected to the multiple side pressure movable seats (510) to drive them to move synchronously. The pressure sensing block (350) is electrically connected to the synchronous drive. The clamping roller (530) has a V-shaped clamping groove (531) on its side facing the shaft part (600).

7. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, The synchronous drive component includes a drive ring (520) and a clamping cylinder (560). The drive ring (520) is rotatably mounted on the tooling table (300) and concentric with the tooling step groove (330). The drive ring (520) is provided with a plurality of drive connecting rods (540) with one end hinged thereto, and the other end of the drive connecting rod (540) is hinged to the corresponding side pressure movable seat (510). The outer wall of the drive ring (520) has an outer support frame (550) and a connecting seat (570) that can move along its length is provided inside the outer support frame (550). The clamping cylinder (560) is fixed to the lower end face of the tooling table (300) by the support. The telescopic end of the clamping cylinder (560) is hinged to the connecting seat (570).

8. The metal parts assembly fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that, The shaft clamping component (500) also includes a lifting plate (580); The lifting plate (580) is positioned opposite the tooling through hole (340), and its outer wall is provided with a plurality of lifting connecting rods (590) with one end hinged thereto. The end of the lifting connecting rod (590) away from the lifting plate (580) is hinged to the end of the corresponding clamping roller (530).

9. A method for assembling metal parts, characterized in that, The metal component assembly fixture according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the periphery of the tooling table (300) into a loading area, an assembly area, and an unloading area; wherein, the pressing cylinder mechanism (400) is located above the assembly area, and the upper surface of the tooling table (300) is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed tooling step grooves (330) for placing the shaft part (600); the tooling table (300) can rotate around the central support rod shaft (200), and the shaft clamping component (500) is located on the lower surface of the tooling table (300) for positioning and clamping the shaft part (600); Step 2: In the loading area, place the shaft part (600) to be assembled in the corresponding tooling step groove (330) so that the shaft end that mates with the bearing component (700) faces upward; the shaft clamping component (500) works automatically to clamp and position the part of the shaft part (600) that passes through the tooling through hole (340) and extends to the lower side of the tooling table (300), ensuring that the axis of the shaft part (600) is aligned with the center line of the tooling step groove (330); Step 3: Start the tooling table (300) to rotate, so that the shaft part (600) rotates along the circumferential direction with the tooling table, passing through the loading area, assembly area and unloading area in sequence; when the shaft part (600) rotates to directly below the pressing cylinder mechanism (400), stop or rotate slowly to prepare for assembly; Step 4: Place the bearing component (700) at the bottom of the press-fit cylinder (410) so that the lower end of the positioning pin assembly (440) passes through its inner ring; energize the electromagnetic suction ring (470) to attract the bearing component (700); at the same time, the alignment clamping component clamps the bearing component (700) from the outer wall to make radial fine adjustment until the center line of the bearing component (700) is aligned with the center line of the positioning pin assembly (440); Step 5: The press cylinder (420) drives the press cylinder (410) to move downward, and the bottom of the positioning column assembly (440) gradually abuts against the shaft end of the shaft part (600); the shaft part (600) generates a reaction force on the positioning column assembly (440), causing it to move upward relative to the press cylinder (410); after the pressure sensing block (480) detects this movement, it sends a signal to the status controller; the status controller controls the electromagnetic suction ring (470) to de-energize and controls the alignment clamping component to release the bearing component (700); under the pressure of the press cylinder (410), the bearing component (700) automatically fits into the shaft part (600) to complete the assembly; Step 6: The press cylinder (420) drives the press cylinder (410) to return to the initial position, and the assembled component continues to rotate with the tooling table (300) to the unloading area; in the unloading area, the assembled part is taken out from the tooling step groove (330) to complete one assembly cycle; Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 above to achieve continuous assembly of the shaft body (600) and bearing components (700).

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