Ultrasonic grinding wheel device with self-adaptive hydraulic telescopic function and machining method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of non-traditional machining, and provides an ultrasonic grinding wheel device with a self-adaptive hydraulic telescopic function and a machining method.The ultrasonic grinding wheel device comprises a grinding wheel mechanism provided with a movable grinding wheel body and a plurality of grinding wheel pieces, and the grinding wheel pieces are distributed on the circumference of the grinding wheel body; and the grinding wheel main body is used for driving the grinding wheel sheet to machine workpieces in different shapes. Compared with the prior art, the self-adaptive grinding wheel has the advantages that the self-adaptive adjustment of the grinding wheel in two orthogonal directions is realized by matching the grinding wheel mechanism with the grinding wheel main body and the adjustable grinding wheel with the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism; efficient transmission of high-frequency vibration energy is achieved through the ultrasonic transducer, a vibration and stretching dual-drive mechanism is formed, the grinding wheel can be dynamically attached to a complex workpiece, and the machining adaptability and flexibility are remarkably improved; and finally, the whole structure of the grinding wheel is quickly disassembled, assembled and replaced in cooperation with a control mechanism, the operation flexibility is improved, and the machining precision and the surface quality are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of special processing technology, specifically relating to an ultrasonic grinding wheel device and processing method with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function. Background Technology

[0002] In modern precision manufacturing fields, such as aerospace, automotive parts, medical devices, and precision molds, the requirements for workpiece surface quality and geometric accuracy are increasingly stringent. Traditional grinding wheel technology, due to its rigid and fixed structure, has many limitations in practical applications:

[0003] 1. Poor adaptability: Conventional grinding wheels have fixed sizes and shapes, requiring frequent wheel changes when machining workpieces with different contours. This is cumbersome, results in long downtime, and seriously affects production efficiency.

[0004] 2. Difficulty in controlling machining accuracy: The contact pressure between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is not easy to adjust precisely. If the contact is too loose, it will lead to uneven grinding, while if it is too tight, it will easily cause workpiece deformation or surface damage, which will have a significant impact on thin-walled parts and brittle materials.

[0005] 3. High cutting force and poor surface quality: The cutting force is large during mechanical grinding, which is prone to defects such as burns, cracks and burrs. Although ultrasonic-assisted grinding technology can reduce the cutting force, most devices have a fixed structure and lack the ability to adjust the position adaptively.

[0006] 4. Inconvenient maintenance: When the device is maintained, it is necessary to replace or repair or replace the seals regularly, which not only increases the maintenance cost, but also consumes a lot of manpower and time.

[0007] In summary, there is currently no grinding wheel device that integrates ultrasonic vibration, multi-directional hydraulic telescopic adjustment, and quick-change grinding wheel structure into one unit. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of ultrasonic grinding wheel device that can achieve adaptive adjustment, efficient wheel changing, and low-damage processing to meet the demands of modern intelligent manufacturing for flexible and high-precision machining. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology by proposing an ultrasonic grinding wheel device and processing method with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function that features a simple structure, good stability, adaptive adjustment of cutting force, and rapid model change.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved by addressing the following technical problem: proposing an ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, comprising: a grinding wheel mechanism, configured with a movable grinding wheel body and a plurality of grinding wheel blades, wherein the plurality of grinding wheel blades are distributed around the circumference of the grinding wheel body, and the grinding wheel body is used to drive the grinding wheel blades to process workpieces of different shapes;

[0010] An ultrasonic transducer is located inside the grinding wheel mechanism and distributed on both sides of the grinding wheel body in the radial direction. When energized, the ultrasonic transducer can transmit the generated high-frequency vibration to the grinding wheel body to form the cutting force of the grinding wheel on the workpiece.

[0011] A radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and an axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism are arranged at right angles. The radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism is distributed around the circumference of the grinding wheel body, and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism is distributed along the axis of the grinding wheel body. The moving ends of both the radial and axial hydraulic telescopic mechanisms are connected to the grinding wheel. Both the radial and axial hydraulic telescopic mechanisms include air valves connected to a hydraulic system to drive the grinding wheel to automatically extend and retract in the radial and axial directions of the grinding wheel body, so that the grinding wheel can adaptively adjust its position according to the shape and size of the workpiece.

[0012] The control mechanism is movably connected to both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism. When the control mechanism moves along its length, it can rotate relative to the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism, so that the control mechanism is movably connected to the grinding wheel body.

[0013] In the aforementioned ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism further include:

[0014] The telescopic cylinder has an internal cavity, and the air valve is located in the cavity;

[0015] A working piston and a floating piston are movably disposed within the cavity. The working piston is located on the side of the floating piston opposite to the air valve. A connecting rod is provided on the floating piston, which extends out of the telescopic cylinder body and is connected to the grinding wheel.

[0016] In the ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function described above, the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism further includes a fixing ring, and a plurality of fixing holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the fixing ring. The fixing holes are arranged along the radial direction of the fixing ring, and the telescopic cylinder is disposed in the fixing holes.

[0017] In the aforementioned ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, the control mechanism includes:

[0018] The push-to-open / close mechanism has a telescopic base connected to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder. The telescopic base has an installation hole. The push-to-open / close mechanism extends to the installation hole and is movably engaged with the side wall of the telescopic base, so that while the push-to-open / close mechanism is making a linear movement, it is simultaneously guided to rotate relative to the telescopic base.

[0019] The grinding wheel body has a fixed base and a self-locking block. A blind hole is provided in the radial direction of the grinding wheel body. The fixed base is provided at the bottom of the blind hole and on the side wall in the axial direction of the grinding wheel body. The self-locking block is connected to the bottom of the press-to-open device and is movably locked in the fixed base.

[0020] In the ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function described above, the fixed base is symmetrically provided with flanges, and each flange forms a locking groove with the fixed base, and the self-locking block is movably engaged in the locking groove.

[0021] In the aforementioned ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, the outer wall of the pressing opener is connected to a roller, and the telescopic base is provided with a pressing track. The pressing track has a locking part and an unlocking part that have a height difference and are interconnected. The self-locking block can be placed in the locking groove when the roller is movably engaged with the locking part, and disengage from the locking groove when it slides through the unlocking part.

[0022] In the ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function described above, the height of the locking groove is greater than the thickness of the self-locking block.

[0023] In the above-mentioned ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, the grinding wheel mechanism further includes a self-lubricating grinding wheel one and a self-lubricating grinding wheel two, each having a placement groove. The grinding wheel body is located between the self-lubricating grinding wheel one and the self-lubricating grinding wheel two, and forms symmetrically arranged mounting grooves. The placement grooves are used to accommodate the press-to-open device and the telescopic cylinder, and the ultrasonic transducer is placed in the mounting groove.

[0024] In the aforementioned ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, the ultrasonic transducer includes a metal cover, a piezoelectric ceramic, and an aluminum radiating surface. The inner walls of both the self-lubricating grinding wheel one and the self-lubricating grinding wheel two are tightly attached to the metal cover. The aluminum radiating surface is attached to the grinding wheel body. The piezoelectric ceramic is located between the metal cover and the aluminum radiating surface, and can transmit high-frequency vibrations to the grinding wheel through the aluminum radiating surface after being energized.

[0025] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to also propose a processing method, which includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Select the appropriate grinding wheel according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed, and fix it to the grinding wheel body using M3 screws and pins;

[0027] S2. Install the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism into the placement groove of the grinding wheel body, and fix it with metal retaining rings and connecting rods to ensure smooth connection between the air valve and the internal hydraulic system;

[0028] S3. Connect the ultrasonic transducer to the ultrasonic power supply, fix the workpiece to be processed, and adjust the initial distance between the grinding wheel and the workpiece to ensure the accuracy of processing.

[0029] S4. Turn on the ultrasonic power supply. The ultrasonic transducer will then generate high-frequency vibrations, which will be transmitted to the grinding wheel through the aluminum radiating surface. At the same time, the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism will automatically adjust the position of the grinding wheel to ensure that it is in perfect contact with the workpiece.

[0030] S5. Start the processing equipment. Under the combined action of high-frequency vibration and hydraulic telescopic control, the grinding wheel body and grinding wheel disc will precisely process the workpiece. During the processing, the grinding wheel disc can be quickly disassembled and assembled by pressing the opening and closing device.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The present invention provides an ultrasonic grinding wheel device and processing method with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function. Through the grinding wheel body and the adjustable grinding wheel plate grinding wheel mechanism, combined with the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism, the grinding wheel plate is adaptively adjusted in two orthogonal directions. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer is used to realize the efficient transmission of high frequency vibration energy, forming a "vibration + telescopic" dual drive mechanism, which enables the grinding wheel plate to dynamically conform to complex workpieces, significantly improving the processing adaptability and flexibility. Finally, the control mechanism is used to complete the rapid disassembly and replacement of the entire structure of the grinding wheel plate, improving the operational flexibility and ensuring the processing accuracy and surface quality.

[0033] (2) Through the pressing track formed by the locking part and the unlocking part with a height difference, the mechanical trajectory guiding mechanism does not require an additional power source. It can automatically lock and release by manual pressing. The structure is ingenious, the action is smooth and the feedback is clear. It greatly simplifies the grinding wheel replacement process, lowers the operation threshold, and is especially suitable for multi-variety small-batch production scenarios where grinding wheels are frequently replaced.

[0034] (3) The high-frequency vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramic after being energized is effectively transmitted to the grinding wheel through the aluminum radiation surface, thereby providing the necessary ultrasonic energy for the machining process. The introduction of this high-frequency vibration can significantly reduce the cutting force of the grinding wheel on the workpiece during the machining process, making the whole machining process easier and more efficient.

[0035] (4) By introducing a fixed ring into the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and setting fixed holes extending radially at equal intervals on its circumference to install the telescopic cylinder, the spatial orderly arrangement and structural integration of multiple hydraulic telescopic mechanisms are realized, which enhances the rigidity and symmetry of the overall structure. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section at point AA;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding wheel body;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed ring structure;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure between the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and the control mechanism;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control mechanism;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic transducer;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a triangular grinding wheel;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a square-structured grinding wheel.

[0046] In the diagram, 1 is the grinding wheel mechanism; 10 is the grinding wheel body; 100 is the blind hole; 101 is the fixed base; 101a is the flange; 101b is the locking groove; 11 is the grinding wheel disc; 12 is the self-lubricating grinding wheel one; 13 is the self-lubricating grinding wheel two; 140 is the placement groove; and 141 is the mounting groove.

[0047] 2. Ultrasonic transducer; 20. Metal top cover; 21. Piezoelectric ceramic; 22. Aluminum radiating surface;

[0048] 30. Radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism; 300. Fixed ring; 300a. Fixed hole; 31. Axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism; 320. Air valve; 321. Telescopic cylinder; 322. Cavity; 323. Working piston; 324. Floating piston; 325. Connecting rod;

[0049] 4. Control mechanism; 40. Press-to-open mechanism; 400. Roller; 42. Self-locking block; 43. Telescopic base; 430. Mounting hole; 431. Pressing track; 431a. Locking part; 431b. Unlocking part; 432. Connecting seat; 433. Bearing seat; 433a. Threaded hole; 434. Fixing rod. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0051] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides an ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, comprising a grinding wheel mechanism 1, an ultrasonic transducer 2, a radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 arranged at right angles, an axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31, and a control mechanism 4.

[0054] The grinding wheel mechanism 1 includes a movable grinding wheel body 10 and several grinding wheel discs 11. The grinding wheel discs 11 are distributed around the circumference of the grinding wheel body 10. The grinding wheel body 10 drives the grinding wheel discs 11 to process workpieces of different shapes. An ultrasonic transducer 2 is located within the grinding wheel mechanism 1 and distributed on both sides of the grinding wheel body 10 in the radial direction. When energized, the ultrasonic transducer 2 transmits the generated high-frequency vibrations to the grinding wheel body 10, forming the cutting force of the grinding wheel discs 11 on the workpiece. A radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 is distributed around the circumference of the grinding wheel body 10, and an axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31 is distributed along the axis of the grinding wheel body 10. The radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism... Both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism have a grinding wheel 11 connected to their movable ends. Both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism include an air valve 320, which is connected to the hydraulic system to drive the grinding wheel 11 to automatically extend and retract in the radial and axial directions of the grinding wheel body 10, so that the grinding wheel 11 can adaptively adjust its position according to the shape and size of the workpiece. Both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31 are movably connected to a control mechanism 4. When the control mechanism 4 moves along its length, it can rotate relative to the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31, so that the control mechanism 4 is movably connected to the grinding wheel body 10.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the operator selects the most suitable model from a variety of preset grinding wheels 11 (circular, triangular, rhomboid, square, etc.) based on the geometry of the workpiece to be processed (such as circular curved surfaces, angular structures, irregular grooves, etc.). In this embodiment, the grinding wheels 11 are mainly installed on the corresponding mounting positions of the grinding wheel body 10 using M3 screws or pins or other structures. When different shapes of workpieces need to be processed, only the corresponding grinding wheel 11 needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire grinding wheel, which greatly improves the convenience of use and also ensures accurate positioning and a firm connection. When the grinding wheel starts to rotate and approaches the workpiece to be processed, the external power supply is turned on to the ultrasonic transducer 2, which generates high frequency under the drive of high frequency electrical signals. This high frequency vibration is transmitted along the radial and axial sidewalls of the grinding wheel body 10 to the entire grinding wheel structure, and finally transmitted to each grinding wheel 11, so that it superimposes high frequency micro-amplitude vibration while rotating at high speed. Vibration effectively reduces the cutting force of the grinding wheel 11 on the workpiece during processing, improving machining accuracy and surface quality. During this operation, because the air valve 320 is tightly connected to the internal hydraulic system (not shown in the figure), the cooperation between the radial and axial hydraulic telescopic mechanisms 31 drives the automatic telescopic function of the grinding wheel 11 in both radial and axial directions. This allows the grinding wheel to flexibly adjust its position according to the shape and size of the workpiece, ensuring that the grinding wheel 11 maintains excellent contact with the workpiece throughout the processing, effectively avoiding interference or missed grinding caused by rigid fixing. Furthermore, because the control mechanism 4 in this embodiment is integrated with the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31, when the user applies pressure to the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31, and this pressure is transmitted to the control mechanism 4, the control mechanism 4 can move along its length direction (i.e.,...) Figure 5 The grinding wheel 11 moves in a straight line in the vertical direction. During its movement, the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31 guides the control mechanism 4 to rotate relative to it, thereby enabling the control mechanism 4 to quickly disengage from the grinding wheel body 10 and complete the unlocking function after self-locking. This not only facilitates the quick disassembly and replacement of the grinding wheel 11, but also enables the sealing and oil leakage detection of the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31, improving the flexibility and stability of operation. Therefore, this embodiment deeply integrates ultrasonic vibration energy transmission, two-dimensional (radial / axial) hydraulic adaptive adjustment, and modular quick-change mechanism to construct a new type of ultrasonic grinding wheel device that integrates "flexibility, high efficiency, precision, and intelligence". It can not only automatically adjust the radial and axial positions of the grinding wheel 11 during the processing to achieve dynamic fitting processing of complex workpieces such as rotating bodies and irregular curved surfaces, but also effectively reduce the average cutting force during the grinding process. With the self-locking structure design of the control mechanism 4, the operator can complete the quick assembly and disassembly without special tools, avoiding the cumbersome operation of frequent machine stoppages to change grinding wheels in traditional processing, greatly shortening non-processing time and improving overall processing efficiency.

[0056] Both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31 further include: a telescopic cylinder 321, which has a cavity 322 inside, and a valve 320 is located in the cavity 322; a working piston 323 and a floating piston 324, which are movably located in the cavity 322, with the working piston 323 located on the side of the floating piston 324 away from the valve 320; and a connecting rod 325 is provided on the floating piston 324, which extends to the outside of the telescopic cylinder 321 and is connected to the grinding wheel 11.

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the air valve 320 acts as a control element, receiving electrical signals or mechanical commands to adjust the inflow / outflow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil or gas, thereby achieving precise control of the piston movement. In other words, the floating piston 324 divides the cavity 322 into a "high-pressure air chamber" and a "hydraulic working chamber." By precisely controlling the pressure changes within the cavity 322 through the air valve 320, precise regulation of the automatic extension and retraction of the grinding wheel 11 in the radial and axial directions is achieved. This allows the grinding wheel to flexibly adjust its position according to the shape and size of the workpiece, maintaining a suitable contact state with the workpiece at all times. The overall structure features fast response speed and high control precision, avoiding overcutting or undercutting, extending the service life of the grinding wheel, and improving processing consistency. It should be noted that this embodiment relies on a dual-piston structure and working principle similar to traditional hydraulic telescopic mechanisms, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0058] The radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 30 also includes a fixed ring 300, on which a plurality of fixed holes 300a are equally distributed on the circumference of the fixed ring 300. The fixed holes 300a are arranged along the radial direction of the fixed ring 300, and the telescopic cylinder body 321 is located in the fixed holes 300a.

[0059] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the fixing ring 300 in this embodiment can be integrally formed or riveted (similar to the overlapping of ring-shaped building blocks). Multiple telescopic cylinders 321 (i.e., the main body of the radial hydraulic telescopic device 1) are inserted one by one into the corresponding fixing holes 300a, ensuring that the grinding wheel 11 connected to each connecting rod 325 is on the same arc surface, which plays a role in stable positioning. Therefore, this structure realizes the spatial orderly arrangement and structural integration of multiple telescopic units. This layout not only enhances the rigidity and symmetry of the overall structure, but also facilitates assembly and maintenance. The equidistant distribution design is conducive to uniform force distribution, reduces vibration and wear caused by off-center load, and improves the dynamic balance performance of the grinding wheel during rotation, thereby ensuring the processing stability and safety under high-speed operation.

[0060] The control mechanism 4 includes: a press-to-open device 40, a telescopic base 43 connected to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 321, an installation hole 430 in the telescopic base 43, the press-to-open device 40 extending to the installation hole 430 and movably engaging with the side wall of the telescopic base 43, so that while the press-to-open device 40 makes linear movement, it is simultaneously guided to rotate relative to the telescopic base 43; a fixed base 101 and a self-locking block 42, a blind hole 100 in the radial direction of the grinding wheel body 10, a fixed base 101 at the bottom of the blind hole 100 and on the side wall of the grinding wheel body 10 in the axial direction, and a self-locking block 42 connected to the bottom of the press-to-open device 40 and movably engaging with the fixed base 101.

[0061] like Figure 2 , Figures 5 to 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the telescopic base 43 can be integrally formed with the telescopic cylinder 321, or it can be easily disassembled and assembled using screws or other structures. In the non-operating state, the self-locking block 42 is embedded in the fixed base 101 in the axial direction of the grinding wheel body 10, forming a mechanical locking function. It is worth noting that, as... Figure 5 As shown, the fixed base 101 is disposed at the bottom of the radial blind hole 100 and the axial sidewall of the grinding wheel body 10, forming an I-shaped locking groove structure, which is used to accommodate and limit the self-locking block 42 (only to prevent the self-locking block 42 from directly disengaging from the fixed base 101); when the worker needs to change the grinding wheel 11, the operator can apply... Figure 5 The vertical downward pressing force of the overall structure shown (i.e., telescopic cylinder 321 and press-to-open device 40) is due to the press-to-open device 40 being engaged with the telescopic base 43 and moving against the bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder 321. Therefore, while the press-to-open device 40 moves linearly along the axial direction of the mounting hole 430, it can also be guided by the telescopic base 43 to rotate relative to the telescopic base 43. This causes the self-locking block 42 connected to its bottom to rotate synchronously, and finally disengage from the fixed base 101. After the self-locking is released, the press-to-open device 40, together with the telescopic cylinder (if there is oil leakage or damage) and the connected grinding wheel 11, can be disengaged from the grinding wheel body 10, achieving flexible disassembly and assembly. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pressing opener 40 rotates relative to the telescopic base 43 while moving linearly. This linkage mechanism realizes the integrated operation of "pressing-rotating-locking". The user only needs to apply axial pressure to complete the disassembly and locking of the grinding wheel 11, which is simple and quick to operate. At the same time, it can effectively prevent loosening caused by vibration during the processing, ensuring that the grinding wheel 11 is firmly and reliably connected, which greatly improves the maintainability and efficiency of the equipment.

[0062] The fixed base 101 is symmetrically provided with flanges 101a, and each flange 101a forms a locking groove 101b with the fixed base 101. The self-locking block 42 is movably engaged in the locking groove 101b.

[0063] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the two locking grooves 101b in this embodiment are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner to accommodate the two ends of the self-locking block 42. Under normal use, the self-locking block 42 and the locking grooves 101b are always locked together. Only when the operator applies pressure to the opening and closing device 40 can the self-locking block 42 move and rotate relative to the fixed base 101. In other words, the double-sided locking groove 101b structure forms a "double insurance" mechanism. Even under extreme vibration or impact conditions, the self-locking block 42 will not come out on one side, completely eliminating the accident of the grinding wheel 11 flying out, and significantly improving the safety and reliability of the equipment operation. In addition, the symmetrical structure effectively disperses stress and avoids local stress concentration. At the same time, the cooperation between the flange 101a and the locking groove 101b has good shear and tensile resistance, which is suitable for high-frequency reciprocating motion scenarios and extends the service life of the mechanism.

[0064] It is worth noting that, since the grinding wheel 11 in this embodiment is connected to the connecting rod 325 inside the telescopic cylinder 321, in order to ensure the normal use of the internal components of the telescopic cylinder 321 and prevent damage, the floating piston 324 can be pre-positioned along the connecting rod 325 before the disassembly operation begins. Figure 6 As the connecting rod 325 moves downward, it gradually retracts into the cavity 322 until the grinding wheel 11 connected to the connecting rod 325 is pressed against the top wall of the telescopic cylinder 321. In this way, while the operator applies the squeezing force of the grinding wheel 11, it can simultaneously act on the telescopic cylinder 321. This allows the operator to directly push the press-to-open device 40 to move while simultaneously rotating relative to the telescopic base 43. This operation helps to reduce the force transmitted from the grinding wheel 11 to the telescopic cylinder 321 during the extension of the connecting rod 325, effectively reducing the stress on the connecting rod 325 and ensuring that the grinding wheel 11, the telescopic cylinder 321, and their components are not damaged during quick disassembly, thus extending their service life.

[0065] The height of the locking groove 101b is greater than the thickness of the self-locking block 42.

[0066] In this embodiment, the locking groove 101b is in Figure 5The vertical height shown is slightly greater than the thickness of the self-locking block 42. In other words, a certain clearance is reserved between the top / bottom wall of the locking groove 101b and the self-locking block 42. Because of this, the self-locking block 42 can move freely within the locking groove 101b to accommodate the displacement generated when the telescopic cylinder 321 applies the pressure to open and close the device. This design also provides rotation space for the self-locking block 42, avoiding positional interference between the self-locking block 42 and the fixed base 101 during the rotation process of the self-locking block 42 disengaging from the locking groove 101b. Therefore, the micro-floating space formed in this embodiment can absorb vibration energy, compensate for thermal deformation, reduce metal fatigue, and effectively prevent jamming caused by small deviations during unlocking or locking, ensuring that the control mechanism 4 can operate smoothly under various working conditions without affecting the overall locking performance. At the same time, it helps to improve the durability of the mechanism in high-speed and high-vibration environments and extend the service life of key components.

[0067] The outer wall of the push-to-open device 40 is connected to a roller 400, and the telescopic base 43 is provided with a push-to-open track 431. The push-to-open track 431 has a locking part 431a and an unlocking part 431b that have a height difference and are interconnected. The self-locking block 42 can be placed in the locking groove 101b when the roller 400 is movably engaged with the locking part 431a, and disengage from the locking groove 101b when it slides through the unlocking part 431b.

[0068] To achieve synchronous rotational movement of the press-to-open / close mechanism 40 during its movement, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, a pressing track 431 is formed on the telescopic base 43. Specifically, as shown... Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, when the operator applies downward pressure to the top of the press-opening device 40, the roller 400, under pressure, slides from the locking part 431a along the track ramp to the unlocking part 431b. During this process, the self-locking block 42 rotates relative to the telescopic base 43, eventually disengaging from the locking groove 101b and completing the unlocking function. It is worth noting that since the unlocking part 431b is located at a higher position relative to the locking part 431a, the roller 400 remains within the locking part 431a when the press-opening device 40 is not subjected to external force, thus achieving the function of constant locking of the structure and ensuring the smoothness and stability of the device during the processing. It is precisely because of the pressing track 431 formed by the locking part 431a and the unlocking part 431b with a height difference that this mechanical trajectory guide mechanism does not require an additional power source and can achieve automatic release by manual pressing. The ingenious structure, smooth action, and clear feedback greatly simplify the grinding wheel 11 replacement process, lower the operation threshold, and are particularly suitable for multi-variety, small-batch production scenarios where grinding wheels 11 are frequently replaced.

[0069] It should be noted that the telescopic base 43 in this embodiment adopts a split structure design to realize the above-mentioned pressing track 431, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the telescopic base 43 in this embodiment uses a connecting seat 432 and a bearing seat 433 spaced apart, which together form the aforementioned mounting hole 430. The connecting seat 432 can be detachably assembled with the telescopic cylinder 321 using screws, bolts, or other components. A fixing rod 434 is provided on the connecting seat 432, and a threaded hole 433a is provided in the bearing seat 433. The end of the fixing rod 434 away from the connecting seat 432 is threaded into the threaded hole 433a, thereby ensuring the stability between the two. For this reason, a wavy edge is formed at the end of the bearing seat 433 of the connecting seat 432. After the fixing rod 434 positions the connecting seat 432 and the bearing seat 433, the two wavy edges are spaced apart and form the required pressing track 431, so that the roller 400 can extend into the pressing track 431 to guide the pressing opener 40 to rotate.

[0070] The grinding wheel mechanism 1 also includes a self-lubricating grinding wheel 12 and a self-lubricating grinding wheel 13, each having a placement groove 140. The grinding wheel body 10 is located between the self-lubricating grinding wheel 12 and the self-lubricating grinding wheel 13, and forms symmetrically arranged mounting grooves 141. The placement grooves 140 are used to accommodate the press-opening device 40 and the telescopic cylinder 321. The ultrasonic transducer 2 is placed in the mounting groove 141.

[0071] In this embodiment, a symmetrical sandwich structure is constructed by self-lubricating grinding wheel 12, self-lubricating grinding wheel 13, and grinding wheel body 10 (with a rounded outer wall to reduce stress concentration during processing). Figures 1 to 3 As shown, preferably, the self-lubricating grinding wheel 12 and the self-lubricating grinding wheel 13 in this embodiment are annular resin-based grinding wheels. The telescopic cylinder 321 and the press-to-open / close device 40 can be embedded and assembled into the groove 140. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer 2 can also be placed in the formed mounting groove 141. Therefore, this integrated design makes full use of the internal space and achieves a high degree of integration and compact layout of functional modules. The application of self-lubricating materials reduces friction loss, eliminates the need for external oil supply, is environmentally friendly, and has low maintenance costs. The symmetrical structure also helps to improve the overall dynamic balance performance, reduce vibration and noise, and improve processing quality.

[0072] The ultrasonic transducer 2 includes a metal cover 20, a piezoelectric ceramic 21, and an aluminum radiating surface 22. The inner walls of the self-lubricating grinding wheel 12 and the self-lubricating grinding wheel 23 are tightly attached to the metal cover 20. The aluminum radiating surface 22 is tightly attached to the grinding wheel body 10. The piezoelectric ceramic 21 is located between the metal cover 20 and the aluminum radiating surface 22, and can transmit high-frequency vibrations to the grinding wheel 11 through the aluminum radiating surface 22 after being powered on.

[0073] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the ultrasonic transducer 2 in this embodiment consists of a metal cover 20, a piezoelectric ceramic 21, and an aluminum radiating surface 22. The metal cover 20 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the self-lubricating grinding wheel, the aluminum radiating surface 22 is tightly attached to the grinding wheel body 10, and the piezoelectric ceramic 21 is located between the two. This stacked structure can efficiently convert electrical energy into mechanical vibration, and transmit high-frequency vibration evenly to the grinding wheel body 10 and the grinding wheel disc 11 through the aluminum radiating surface 22, thereby providing the necessary ultrasonic energy for the machining process. The introduction of this high-frequency vibration can significantly reduce the cutting force of the grinding wheel on the workpiece during the machining process, making the entire machining process easier and more efficient. Moreover, the overall energy transmission path is short, the loss is small, and the conversion efficiency is high. The metal cover 20 provides good conductivity and protection, and the aluminum radiating surface 22 has excellent sound transmission characteristics. Under the synergistic effect, they significantly enhance the ultrasonic-assisted cutting effect, reduce cutting force and temperature, and suppress crack generation, making it particularly suitable for precision machining of hard and brittle materials.

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] 10. A processing method for an ultrasonic grinding wheel device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0076] S1. Select the appropriate grinding wheel 11 according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed, and fix it to the grinding wheel body 10 using M3 screws and pins;

[0077] S2. Install the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31 into the placement groove 140 of the grinding wheel body 10 and fix it with the metal retaining ring 300 and the connecting rod 325 to ensure that the air valve 320 is smoothly connected to the internal hydraulic system.

[0078] S3. Connect the ultrasonic transducer 2 to the ultrasonic power supply, fix the workpiece to be processed, and adjust the initial distance between the grinding wheel 11 and the workpiece to ensure the accuracy of processing.

[0079] S4. Turn on the ultrasonic power supply. The ultrasonic transducer 2 will then generate high-frequency vibration, which will be transmitted to the grinding wheel through the aluminum radiating surface 22. At the same time, the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism 31 will be used to automatically adjust the position of the grinding wheel 11 to ensure that it is in just contact with the workpiece.

[0080] S5. Start the processing equipment. Under the combined action of high-frequency vibration and hydraulic telescopic control, the grinding wheel body 10 and the grinding wheel 11 perform precise processing on the workpiece. During the processing, the grinding wheel 11 can be quickly disassembled and assembled by pressing the opening and closing device 40.

[0081] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the operation method in this embodiment covers the entire process from selecting, installing, and debugging the grinding wheel 11 to starting processing and rapid disassembly / reassembly. This method fully utilizes the adaptive hydraulic telescopic and ultrasonic vibration composite functions of the aforementioned device to achieve intelligent matching processing of workpieces of different shapes and sizes. Especially in steps S4 and S5, the radial / axial hydraulic system automatically adjusts the position of the grinding wheel 11 and works in conjunction with ultrasonic vibration to ensure accurate initial contact and stable processing. The rapid disassembly / reassembly mechanism achieved through the press-to-open / close device 40 greatly shortens tool change time and improves production cycle time. The entire process is highly automated, adaptable, and produces stable processing quality, making it suitable for the actual needs of intelligent manufacturing and flexible production lines.

[0082] It should be noted that, as Figures 9 to 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the shape of the grinding wheel 11 can be triangular, square, rhomboid, or other structural forms to adapt to the processing requirements of different workpieces, facilitate disassembly and assembly, and improve flexibility and applicable processing range.

[0083] It should be noted that in this invention, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "a" is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. The terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0084] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0085] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function, characterized in that, include: A grinding wheel mechanism is configured with a movable grinding wheel body and several grinding wheel discs. The several grinding wheel discs are distributed around the circumference of the grinding wheel body. The grinding wheel body is used to drive the grinding wheel discs to process workpieces of different shapes. An ultrasonic transducer is located inside the grinding wheel mechanism and distributed on both sides of the grinding wheel body in the radial direction. When energized, the ultrasonic transducer can transmit the generated high-frequency vibration to the grinding wheel body to form the cutting force of the grinding wheel on the workpiece. A radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and an axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism are arranged at right angles. The radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism is distributed around the circumference of the grinding wheel body, and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism is distributed along the axis of the grinding wheel body. The moving ends of both the radial and axial hydraulic telescopic mechanisms are connected to the grinding wheel. Both the radial and axial hydraulic telescopic mechanisms include air valves connected to a hydraulic system to drive the grinding wheel to automatically extend and retract in the radial and axial directions of the grinding wheel body, so that the grinding wheel can adaptively adjust its position according to the shape and size of the workpiece. The control mechanism is movably connected to both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism. When the control mechanism moves along its length, it can rotate relative to the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism, so that the control mechanism is movably connected to the grinding wheel body.

2. The ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism and the axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism further include: The telescopic cylinder has an internal cavity, and the air valve is located in the cavity; A working piston and a floating piston are movably disposed within the cavity. The working piston is located on the side of the floating piston opposite to the air valve. A connecting rod is provided on the floating piston, which extends out of the telescopic cylinder body and is connected to the grinding wheel.

3. The ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radial hydraulic telescopic mechanism also includes a fixed ring, on which a plurality of fixed holes are equally distributed at intervals. The fixed holes are arranged along the radial direction of the fixed ring, and the telescopic cylinder is disposed in the fixed holes.

4. The ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control mechanism includes: The push-to-open / close mechanism has a telescopic base connected to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder. The telescopic base has an installation hole. The push-to-open / close mechanism extends to the installation hole and is movably engaged with the side wall of the telescopic base, so that while the push-to-open / close mechanism is making a linear movement, it is simultaneously guided to rotate relative to the telescopic base. The grinding wheel body has a fixed base and a self-locking block. A blind hole is provided in the radial direction of the grinding wheel body. The fixed base is provided at the bottom of the blind hole and on the side wall in the axial direction of the grinding wheel body. The self-locking block is connected to the bottom of the press-to-open device and is movably locked in the fixed base.

5. An ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed base is symmetrically provided with flanges, and each flange forms a locking groove with the fixed base. The self-locking block is movably engaged in the locking groove.

6. The ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the press-to-open device is connected to a roller, and the telescopic base is provided with a press track. The press track has a locking part and an unlocking part that have a height difference and are interconnected. The self-locking block can be placed in the locking groove when the roller is movably engaged with the locking part, and disengage from the locking groove when it slides through the unlocking part.

7. The ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the locking groove is greater than the thickness of the self-locking block.

8. An ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The grinding wheel mechanism also includes a self-lubricating grinding wheel one and a self-lubricating grinding wheel two, each having a placement groove. The grinding wheel body is located between the self-lubricating grinding wheel one and the self-lubricating grinding wheel two, and forms symmetrically arranged mounting grooves. The placement grooves are used to accommodate the press-to-open device and the telescopic cylinder. The ultrasonic transducer is placed in the mounting groove.

9. An ultrasonic grinding wheel device with adaptive hydraulic telescopic function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ultrasonic transducer includes a metal cover, a piezoelectric ceramic, and an aluminum radiating surface. The inner walls of the self-lubricating grinding wheel one and the self-lubricating grinding wheel two are tightly attached to the metal cover. The aluminum radiating surface is attached to the grinding wheel body. The piezoelectric ceramic is located between the metal cover and the aluminum radiating surface, and can transmit high-frequency vibrations to the grinding wheel through the aluminum radiating surface after being energized.

10. A processing method for the ultrasonic grinding wheel device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Select the appropriate grinding wheel according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed, and fix it to the grinding wheel body using M3 screws and pins; S2. Install the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism into the placement groove of the grinding wheel body, and fix it with metal retaining rings and connecting rods to ensure smooth connection between the air valve and the internal hydraulic system; S3. Connect the ultrasonic transducer to the ultrasonic power supply, fix the workpiece to be processed, and adjust the initial distance between the grinding wheel and the workpiece to ensure the accuracy of processing. S4. Turn on the ultrasonic power supply. The ultrasonic transducer will then generate high-frequency vibrations, which will be transmitted to the grinding wheel through the aluminum radiating surface. At the same time, the radial / axial hydraulic telescopic mechanism will automatically adjust the position of the grinding wheel to ensure that it is in perfect contact with the workpiece. S5. Start the processing equipment. Under the combined action of high-frequency vibration and hydraulic telescopic control, the grinding wheel body and grinding wheel disc will precisely process the workpiece. During the processing, the grinding wheel disc can be quickly disassembled and assembled by pressing the opening and closing device.

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