Automatic efficient compost fermentation device

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic efficient compost fermentation device which comprises a film covering system, an aeration system, an automatic turning system and an intelligent detection control system, the film covering system is located on the outermost layer of a compost device, the aeration system is located at the bottom of a compost body, the automatic turning system is located in the compost body, and the intelligent detection control system is located in the compost body. The automatic pile turning system is located below the interior of the film covering system, and the intelligent detection control system is arranged in a pile body in a layered mode. According to the automatic high-efficiency compost fermentation device, the nanoscale semi-permeable membrane is used as a barrier to isolate direct contact between an aerobic compost system and the external environment, excellent effects are achieved in the aspects of preventing odor escape, nutrient loss, avoiding severe temperature fluctuation and the like, the quality of aerobic compost products is remarkably improved, and the automatic high-efficiency compost fermentation device is suitable for large-scale popularization and application by arranging intelligent and automatic facilities. The defects of low automation degree and difficulty in turning of static windrow composting under a film covering system are overcome, and the applicability of a film covering composting technology is expanded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aerobic composting fermentation treatment, in particular to an automatic high-efficiency composting fermentation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The aerobic composting technology is based on the directional regulation of specific and facultative aerobic microbial flora. By scientifically proportioning organic raw materials and conditioning agents, a suitable biological reaction system is constructed. Under the dynamic balance of precise control of moisture content and aeration rate, the microbial community realizes efficient mineralization and humification of organic matter through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The biological heat energy (55-70℃) generated by the metabolic activity of the microbial community can form a sustained high-temperature inactivation effect, effectively eliminating the activity of pathogenic microorganisms and weed seeds, and ultimately realizing the stabilization and resource utilization of organic waste.

[0003] In industrial application, the aerobic composting technology mainly uses open-air strip pile static fermentation process. Due to its low cost, simple operation and adaptability to large-scale treatment, it has become the mainstream choice for resource utilization of agricultural waste, livestock and poultry manure and other organic solid waste. However, this process has great limitations in production stability, environmental compliance and production regulation. On the one hand, due to open-air production, the environmental dependence is extremely high. Precipitation penetration not only causes acidification of the pile and accelerates the dissolution of heavy metals, but also can cause leachate pollution of groundwater. In low-temperature seasons, biological activity is inhibited, which not only prolongs the composting period, but also easily breeds mosquitoes and flies. On the other hand, in the open system, there is a serious unorganized emission of ammonia, VOCs and other odorous substances. Leachate and surface runoff can cause soil and groundwater pollution. In addition, the monitoring lag problem is prominent. The 4-6 hour data vacuum period caused by manual inspection not only misses the microbial metabolic regulation window, but also makes the humic acid content fluctuate by more than 8 percentage points and the heavy metal passivation efficiency less than 75%. Moreover, the low degree of mechanization exacerbates the production problems. The uneven oxygen distribution and heat island effect caused by turning operation lead to a composting degree difference rate of more than 40%. Dust pollution in material transfer and the homogenization dilemma caused by manual intervention make the production efficiency and environmental risk coexist. These systematic defects seriously restrict the market application and environmental compliance of the composting technology.

[0004] The traditional aerobic composting technology is prone to the drawbacks of external environment, monitoring lag and low degree of mechanization, resulting in incomplete product composting and unstable product quality.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to invent an automatic high-efficiency composting fermentation device to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide an automatic high-efficiency compost fermentation device to solve the problems of incomplete composting and unstable product quality caused by the disadvantages of traditional aerobic composting technology, such as being susceptible to external environment, monitoring lag and low degree of mechanization.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: an automatic high-efficiency compost fermentation device, comprising a film covering system, an aeration system, an automatic turning system and an intelligent detection and control system, the film covering system is located at the outermost layer of the compost device, the aeration system is located at the bottom of the compost pile, the automatic turning system is located inside the compost pile, the automatic turning system is located inside and below the film covering system, and the intelligent detection and control system is arranged in layers inside the compost pile.

[0008] Preferably, the film covering system comprises a fixed support frame and a nano semi-permeable membrane, the fixed support frame is located above the compost device, and the nano semi-permeable membrane is fixedly supported above the fixed support frame.

[0009] Preferably, the aeration system comprises a blower, an aeration pipe and a grid, the blower is located below one side outside the compost device, the output end of the blower is connected with the aeration pipe, the aeration pipe extends to the inside below the compost device, the grid is arranged above the aeration pipe, the grid covers the aeration pipe, and the grid directly contacts the compost material.

[0010] Preferably, the automatic turning system comprises a turning machine, a slide rail and a driving part, the turning machine is located at the middle of the inner side of the compost device, the turning machine directly acts on the compost material, the slide rail is arranged on both sides above the turning machine, the two slide rails are respectively fixed on the inner walls of the compost device, and the driving part is located at one side of the two slide rails, so that the turning machine moves on the slide rail.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent detection and control system comprises a valve arranged at the pipeline of the aeration system for adjusting the pipeline and a plurality of sensors distributed in the interior of the compost pile.

[0012] Preferably, the nano semi-permeable membrane is a composite high-molecular selective permeable membrane, the nano semi-permeable membrane is divided into a surface layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the surface layer and the inner layer are polyester fiber materials, and the intermediate layer is an E-PTFE functional membrane material.

[0013] Preferably, the film covering system utilizes the selective permeability of the nano membrane, and the micrometer-level air permeable holes on the membrane only allow the internal air and water vapor to be discharged outside the membrane, the nano membrane has a blocking effect on the infiltration of external rain and snow weather and internal volatile organic compounds, heat, odor, dust and pathogenic bacteria, and has a good heat preservation effect.

[0014] Preferably, the aeration system blows air to expose oxygen to the compost material, and cooperates with the membrane covering system, the inside of the pile can be in a micro-positive pressure state to ensure uniform distribution of oxygen and avoid the generation of anaerobic zones and fermentation.

[0015] Preferably, the automatic turning system turns and throws the compost material mechanically by the turner, and achieves the goals of uniform turning, temperature control, moisture balance, and maturity balance.

[0016] Preferably, the sensors in the intelligent detection and control system mainly include temperature sensors, oxygen content sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors, and these sensors form an online monitoring module to obtain the internal parameters of the pile in real time.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the present application provides the following technical effects and advantages: The automatic high-efficiency composting fermentation device uses a nanoscale semi-permeable membrane as a barrier to isolate the aerobic composting system from the external environment, which is effective in preventing odor escape, nutrient loss, and avoiding temperature fluctuations, and significantly improves the quality of the aerobic composting product. By setting intelligent and automated facilities, the shortcomings of low automation and difficulty in turning of static strip pile composting under the membrane covering system are overcome, and the applicability of the membrane covering composting technology is expanded. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 4 is a control unit connection structural schematic diagram of the present application.

[0019] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 1, membrane covering system; 2, aeration system; 3, automatic turning system; 4, intelligent detection and control system; 5, fixed support frame; 6, nanoscale semi-permeable membrane; 7, air blower; 8, aeration pipe; 9, grid; 10, turner; 11, slide rail; 12, drive component; 13, valve; 14, sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0021] The present application provides a Figures 1-4An automated and efficient composting fermentation device is shown, comprising a membrane covering system 1, an aeration system 2, an automatic turning system 3, and an intelligent detection and control system 4. The membrane covering system 1 is located on the outermost layer of the composting device; the aeration system 2 is located at the bottom of the compost pile; the automatic turning system 3 is located inside the compost pile, specifically below the membrane covering system 1; and the intelligent detection and control system 4 is arranged in layers inside the compost pile. The membrane covering system 1 includes a fixed support frame 5 and a nano-semi-permeable membrane 6. The fixed support frame 5 is located above the composting device, and the nano-semi-permeable membrane 6 is fixedly supported above the fixed support frame 5. The aeration system 2 includes a blower 7, an aeration pipe 8, and a grid 9. The blower 7 is located below the outer side of the composting device, and the output end of the blower 7 is connected to the aeration pipe 9. The air pipe 8 extends to the lower interior of the composting device. A grid 9 is installed above the air pipe 8, covering the air pipe 8 and directly contacting the compost material. The automatic turning system 3 includes a turner 10, a slide rail 11, and a drive component 12. The turner 10 is located in the middle of the inner side of the composting device and acts directly on the compost material. Slide rails 11 are installed on both sides above the turner 10. The two slide rails 11 are fixed to the inner walls of the composting device. The drive component 12 is located on one side of the two slide rails 11 and enables the turner 10 to move on the slide rails 11. The intelligent detection and control system 4 includes a valve 13 installed at the pipe of the aeration system 2 for adjusting the pipe and several sensors 14 distributed inside the compost. The nano-semi-permeable membrane 6 is a composite polymer selectively permeable membrane. It consists of a surface layer, a middle layer, and an inner layer. The surface and inner layers are made of polyester fiber, while the middle layer is made of E-PTFE functional membrane material. The membrane covering system 1 utilizes the selective permeability of the nano-membrane, and the micron-sized pores on the membrane only allow internal air and water vapor to escape. The nano-membrane effectively blocks external rain and snow, as well as the seepage of internal volatile organic compounds, heat, odors, dust, and pathogens. It also provides good heat retention. The aeration system 2 provides aeration for the compost material through forced draft air. With the membrane covering system 1, the inside of the compost pile can be in a slightly positive pressure state to ensure uniform oxygen distribution and avoid the generation of anaerobic zones and uniform fermentation. The turning machine 10 in the automatic turning system 3 mechanically turns the compost material and achieves the goals of uniform turning, temperature control, moisture balance, and uniform decomposition. The sensors 14 in the intelligent detection and control system 4 are mainly composed of temperature sensors, oxygen content sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors. These sensors 14 constitute an online monitoring module to obtain the internal parameters of the compost pile in real time. The nano-membrane covering system 1 on the upper part of the device has selectivity, can reduce the influence of external environmental changes on the composting system during the composting process, and is crucial to realize the rapid temperature rise in the initial stage of composting of the composting material and the sustained high temperature effect in the high temperature stage, the temperature and duration of the high temperature stage of aerobic composting fermentation are key factors affecting the composting and pathogen inactivation, and directly affect the effect and product quality of composting; During composting fermentation, the aeration system 2 continuously sends external air into the device interior through the air blower 7, and under the action of the nano-membrane, the device interior presents a micro-positive pressure state, which can ensure sufficient contact between the material interior and oxygen and uniform fermentation of the material; By arranging the online monitoring sensors 14 for oxygen content, temperature, humidity, pressure and the like at multiple points in the device, real-time and comprehensive monitoring of the composting system is realized, the real-time fermentation state of the composting system is ensured to be accurately mastered, data processing and information analysis are performed on the monitoring data through the control center, decisions are made, and the operation of the equipment is controlled through the automatic control module, the air blower 7 and the turner 10 are controlled under the system control, the frequency adjustment or the start-stop of the equipment is realized, and the corresponding physical and chemical parameters of the composting system are controlled to return to a reasonable range; When the proportion relationship of oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, humidity content or parameters breaks through the set range of the system, the control center controls the start-stop or frequency of the air blower 7 to regulate the system, so that each index returns to a reasonable level, when the oxygen content, humidity and pressure values of the material in different regions of the system deviate or deviate beyond the reasonable range, the fermentation is uneven, and the composting degree is large, the control center controls the turner 10 to uniformly turn over the composting material, and combines the abnormal data position to perform key turning over, realizes uniform turning over, and ensures uniform fermentation and consistent composting of the material in each region; The purpose of comprehensive monitoring, intelligent decision-making, automatic control and precise regulation is realized through the monitoring module, the control center and the automatic control equipment, the problems of untimely monitoring and lagging regulation in traditional production are overcome, the composting system is always in the best working condition of microbial activity and composting production, the system stability is maximized, and the product quality is guaranteed; The air blower 7, the turner 10, the valve 13 and the sensor 14 mentioned in the above content are existing technical products, and the driving part 12 is a walking motor, and the above specific structure and function will not be described here.

[0022] Working principle of the application: Refer to the drawings in the specification Figures 1-4For this kind of automated high-efficiency compost fermentation device, in use, firstly, the membrane covering system 1 is composed of a fixed support frame 5 and a nano semi-permeable membrane 6. The fixed support frame 5 provides a stable support structure for the nano semi-permeable membrane 6, which stably covers the outermost layer of the composting device. The nano semi-permeable membrane 6 is a composite polymer selective permeable membrane. The surface layer and the inner layer are made of polyester fiber material, and the middle layer is an E-PTFE functional membrane material. It has selective permeability, and the membrane is distributed with micrometer-sized air permeable holes. These air permeable holes allow the air and water vapor generated inside the pile to be discharged outside the membrane, maintaining the gas exchange and humidity balance inside the pile. At the same time, the nano membrane can effectively block the influence of external rain and snow weather on the pile, prevent rainwater from entering the pile and causing excessive humidity, and also prevent the leakage of volatile organic compounds, heat, odor, dust, pathogenic bacteria, etc., reducing environmental pollution, and has good heat preservation effect, creating a stable temperature environment for composting fermentation. The aeration system 2 is mainly composed of a blower 7, an aeration pipe 8 and a grid 9. The blower 7 is located at the lower side of the outside of the composting device. After starting, it sucks the external air and transports it to the lower part of the pile inside through the aeration pipe 8 connected by the output end. The aeration pipe 8 extends into the pile, and the grid 9 arranged above it covers the aeration pipe 8 and directly contacts the composting material. The grid 9 plays a role in uniformly distributing air, so that the air blown by the blower 7 can be uniformly dispersed into the pile, providing sufficient oxygen for the composting material, promoting the growth and metabolic activity of aerobic microorganisms, and accelerating the decomposition and transformation of organic matter. At the same time, cooperating with the membrane covering system 1, a micro-positive pressure state can be formed inside the pile, further ensuring the uniform distribution of oxygen, avoiding the generation of anaerobic zones, ensuring the uniformity of fermentation. The automatic turning system 3 includes a turner 10, a slide rail 11 and a driving component 12. The turner 10 is located in the middle of the inside of the composting device and directly acts on the pile material. The slide rails 11 are fixed on the inner walls of the composting device on both sides. The turner 10 is provided with slide rails 11 on both sides above it. The driving component 12 is located on one side of the slide rail 11. The driving component 12 provides power for the turner 10 through mechanical transmission or other means, so that it can move on the slide rail 11. During the movement, the turner 10 mechanically turns and throws the composting material, fully mixes the material, realizes uniform turning, adjusts the temperature of the pile, avoids local temperature being too high or too low, balances the moisture content of the material, promotes the balanced progress of the composting process, improves the quality and efficiency of composting, and the intelligent detection control system 4 contains a valve 13 arranged at the pipeline of the aeration system 2 and a plurality of sensors 14 distributed in the pile. The sensors 14 are mainly composed of temperature sensors, oxygen content sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, humidity sensors and pressure sensors. These sensors 14 form an online monitoring module. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature change inside the pile in real time. When the temperature deviates from the appropriate fermentation range, the system can adjust the aeration amount or turning frequency according to the preset program to adjust the temperature. The oxygen content sensor detects the oxygen concentration in the pile. If the oxygen is insufficient, the system controls the blower 7 to increase the air volume.If oxygen is excessive, reduce the blast volume, carbon dioxide sensor monitors the production of carbon dioxide, auxiliary judgment fermentation process, humidity sensor real-time acquisition of the stack humidity data, when the humidity is too high or too low, the system can take appropriate measures, such as adjusting the ventilation or supplement water, pressure sensor monitors the stack pressure, ensure the stability of the stack structure, valve 13 for adjusting the pipeline of aeration system 2, according to the data feedback by sensor 14 and the system preset control strategy, accurate control of the amount of air into the stack, realize the intelligent control of compost fermentation process; When the device is invented, first of all, collect the organic material suitable for compost fermentation, and carry out appropriate crushing and pretreatment, so that the particle size is uniform, which is convenient for fermentation, check whether each part of the automatic high-efficiency compost fermentation device is intact, check whether the fixed support frame 5 of the film covering system 1 is stable, whether the nano semi-permeable membrane 6 is damaged, whether the air blower 7, aeration pipe 8 and grid 9 of the aeration system 2 are unobstructed, and whether the connection is tight, check whether the turning machine 10, slide rail 11 and driving part 12 of the automatic turning system 3 can operate normally, check whether the sensor 14 and valve 13 of the intelligent detection control system 4 are sensitive and reliable, select a suitable site to install the compost device, ensure that the site is flat, well ventilated and smooth in drainage, assemble and fix the device according to the design requirements, ensure that the connection between each system is correct, fill the pretreated organic material into the compost device uniformly, pay attention to control the filling height and compactness of the material, avoid too loose or too tight to affect the fermentation effect, start the intelligent detection control system 4, aeration system 2 and automatic turning system 3 in turn, the intelligent detection control system 4 starts to monitor the parameters inside the pile in real time, the aeration system 2 starts to blow and expose oxygen according to the preset initial parameters, the automatic turning system 3 is in standby state, and the turning operation is carried out according to the system instruction, the temperature, oxygen content, carbon dioxide concentration, humidity and pressure and other parameters inside the pile are checked in real time through the intelligent detection control system 4, the valve 13 of the aeration system 2 and the turning frequency of the automatic turning system 3 are adjusted according to the fermentation stage and the preset parameter range, for example, in the early stage of fermentation, the temperature is low, the aeration amount can be appropriately increased, and the turning frequency can be increased to promote the temperature rise of the material, in the high temperature period of fermentation, attention should be paid to control the temperature not to exceed the appropriate range, the aeration amount can be reduced or the turning frequency can be increased to reduce the temperature, in the later stage of fermentation, the aeration amount and turning frequency are gradually reduced with the increase of the composting degree of the material, the compost device is checked and maintained regularly, including checking the cleanliness and integrity of the nano semi-permeable membrane 6, cleaning the dust and sundries on the surface of the membrane in time, checking whether the aeration pipe 8 is blocked, replacing the cutter of the turning machine 10 in time if it is worn, checking the accuracy of the sensor 14 and calibrating it regularly, when the temperature of the pile tends to be stable and no longer increases obviously, the color of the material changes to dark brown or black brown, and has humus odor, and the parameters meet the standard of mature compost, it can be judged that the fermentation is completed, the operation of the aeration system 2 and the automatic turning system 3 is stopped, the discharge port of the compost device is opened, and the mature compost material is taken out, after discharging, the device is cleaned and disinfected, and is prepared for the next fermentation.

Claims

1. An automatic high-efficiency compost fermentation device, comprising a film covering system (1), an aeration system (2), an automatic turning system (3) and an intelligent detection and control system (4), characterized in that, The film covering system (1) is located at the outermost layer of the composting device, the aeration system (2) is located at the bottom of the composting device, the automatic composting system (3) is located in the interior of the composting device, the automatic composting system (3) is located below the film covering system (1), and the intelligent detection control system (4) is arranged in layers in the interior of the composting device.

2. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film covering system (1) comprises a fixed support frame (5) and a nano semi-permeable membrane (6), the fixed support frame (5) is located above the composting device, and the nano semi-permeable membrane (6) is fixedly supported above the fixed support frame (5).

3. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration system (2) comprises a blower (7), an aeration pipe (8) and a grid (9), the blower (7) is located below one side outside the composting device, the output end of the blower (7) is connected with the aeration pipe (8), the aeration pipe (8) extends to the interior below the composting device, the grid (9) is arranged above the aeration pipe (8), the grid (9) covers the aeration pipe (8), and the grid (9) directly contacts the composting material.

4. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic composting system (3) comprises a turner (10), a sliding rail (11) and a driving component (12), the turner (10) is located at the middle of the inner side of the composting device, the turner (10) directly acts on the composting material, the sliding rails (11) are arranged on the two sides above the turner (10), the two sliding rails (11) are fixed on the inner walls of the composting device, respectively, and the driving components (12) are located at one side of the two sliding rails (11), respectively.

5. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent detection control system (4) comprises valves (13) arranged at the pipeline of the aeration system (2) for adjusting the pipeline and a plurality of sensors (14) distributed in the interior of the composting device.

6. The automated high efficiency composting fermentation apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The nano semi-permeable membrane (6) is a composite high polymer selective permeable membrane, the nano semi-permeable membrane (6) is divided into a surface layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the surface layer and the inner layer are polyester fiber materials, and the intermediate layer is an E-PTFE functional membrane material.

7. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The film covering system (1) utilizes the selective permeability of the nano membrane, the micrometer-level air permeable holes on the film only allow the internal air and water vapor to be discharged outside the film, the nano membrane has a blocking effect on the infiltration of external rain and snow weather and internal volatile organic compounds, heat, odor, dust and pathogenic bacteria, and has a good heat preservation effect.

8. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration system (2) blows air to expose oxygen to the composting material, and cooperates with the film covering system (1), so that the interior of the composting device can be in a micro-positive pressure state, oxygen can be uniformly distributed, and anaerobic zones and fermentation can be avoided.

9. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The turner (10) in the automatic composting system (3) mechanically turns and throws the composting material, and realizes the goals of uniform composting, temperature control adjustment, water balance and composting balance.

10. The automated high-efficiency composting fermentation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensors (14) in the intelligent detection control system (4) mainly comprise temperature sensors, oxygen content sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, humidity sensors and pressure sensors, and the sensors (14) form an online monitoring module to obtain the internal parameters of the composting device in real time.

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