Preparation method of perfluoroalkyl ether
By leveraging the synergistic effect of haloalkanes, fluorinated metal salts, and halometallic catalysts, the challenges of high-temperature cracking and purification in the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl ethers have been overcome, enabling efficient and stable preparation of perfluoroalkyl ethers suitable for large-scale production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511137221.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for synthesizing perfluoroalkyl ethers suffer from difficulties in high-temperature pyrolysis, purification, and unstable yields, making it difficult to achieve large-scale production.
The reaction of haloalkanes, fluorinated metal salts, and halometallic catalysts under inert gas protection, combined with steps such as oil bath heating, water extraction, drying, and vacuum distillation, forms a perfluoroalkyl ether framework structure through the synergistic effect of ZSM-5 molecular sieve and ZnI catalyst, thus realizing the recycling of the catalyst.
It significantly improves the yield and purity of perfluoroalkyl ethers, with mild and controllable reaction conditions, catalyst recycling to reduce the loss of active ingredients, yield increase of more than 30%, and selectivity of more than 92%.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of fluorinated chemicals, and in particular to a method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether. Background Technology
[0002] Perfluoroalkyl ethers (PFAEs) are a class of fluorinated compounds with a COC structure, including perfluoroalkyl ether monomers and polymers. Because every carbon atom in their molecules is completely replaced by fluorine, they possess strong solvent resistance, excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and low surface energy, making them important for applications in many high-end fields.
[0003] Since the 1940s, perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) have been widely used in non-stick coatings, cleaning agents, fire-fighting foams, electronic materials, membrane separation materials, functional coatings, and medical applications due to their superior properties. However, recent studies have pointed to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, classifying them as "permanent pollutants" that pose serious threats to ecology and health. Meanwhile, infrared studies have shown the presence of PFAS in consumer products such as toilet paper and cosmetics, raising public concern about potential risks.
[0004] Although fluorinated residues such as PFOS and PFOA were once widely used in surfactants and antifouling agents, they were listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention and have been restricted or banned. Domestic and international research has begun to actively promote short-chain alternatives (such as C4-C6 perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl compounds) and new fluorinated compounds such as high-performance perfluoropolyethers and perfluoroolefin ethers.
[0005] Perfluoropolyether (PFPE): with an average molecular weight of 500-15000, it is liquid at room temperature. Due to its low surface energy, excellent chemical stability and natural lubrication properties, it is widely used in lubricating oils, vacuum pump oils, greases, electrical appliances, electronics and aerospace fields.
[0006] Perfluoroolefin monomers (PAVE, such as PMVE): in fluororubbers (such as DuPont's) PFRs are used as copolymer units in fluoroplastics, giving the materials excellent heat resistance, oxygen resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance.
[0007] Currently, the main synthetic routes for PAVE include four strategies: tetrafluoroethylene method, thermal cracking method, reduction method, and HFPO (hexafluoropropylene oxide) ring-opening method. Each method faces various problems, such as high safety risks and difficult control of byproducts in the F2 system; low efficiency in the reduction method; and HFPO polymerization, which can better control the structure and yield. In addition, research on the functionalization of PFPE end groups continues to deepen, such as terminal hydroxyl groups and olefin functional groups, providing means for the preparation of glass rubber-like materials and renewable polymer materials. Summary of the Invention
[0008] Based on this, the present invention provides a method for synthesizing perfluoroalkyl ethers with controllable structure, low cost, and suitable for large-scale production, aiming to solve the problems of high-temperature cracking, difficult purification, and unstable yield in the prior art.
[0009] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0010] A method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether includes the following steps, in parts by mass:
[0011] 100 parts of haloalkane substrate, 100-800 parts of fluorinated metal salt, and 5-40 parts of halometallic catalyst are added to a reaction vessel; under inert gas protection, 500-2000 parts of reaction solvent are added, followed by 100-500 parts of perfluoroalkyl fluoride; the reaction is heated in an oil bath at 20-80℃ for 6-24 hours; after cooling to room temperature, the product is separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0012] In some embodiments, the haloalkane substrate is one or a combination of the following structures:
[0013] ArCH2X (Ar is a substituted phenyl group, X = Br or I; the substituents on the benzene ring can be methyl, methoxy, cyano, phenyl, Cl, Br, I, CF3, Si(OMe)3, NO2, OCF2H, tBu);
[0014] CH2=CHCH2X (X=Br or I);
[0015] RX, R is C1-C 10 Straight-chain alkyl or cycloalkyl (containing Si(OMe)3 end groups), X = Br or I.
[0016] In some embodiments, the fluorinated metal salt is one or more combinations of KF, NaF, CsF, KHF, AgF, or Ag2F2.
[0017] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows:
[0018] Under nitrogen protection, 100-150 parts of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 2-8 parts of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 20-30 parts of perfluorooctylsulfonyl chloride, 1500-1700 parts of dichloromethane, and 5-7 parts of pyridine are added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 52-58°C for 5.5-6.5 hours. Then, 12-26 parts of ZnI are added, and stirring continues for 1-3 hours. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 80-90°C to obtain the desired metal halide catalyst.
[0019] In some embodiments, the solvent is an aprotic polar solvent selected from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF / DMAc), N,N-dimethylacrylurea (DMPU), and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME).
[0020] In some embodiments, the perfluoroalkyl fluoride is a compound with any of the following structures or a mixture thereof:
[0021] X(CF2) n C(O)F, where n = 1-10, X = F, H, Cl, Br;
[0022] FSO2CF2C(O)F;
[0023] CF3CF2(CF2-O-CF(CF3)) m C(O)F, where m = 4-8.
[0024] In some embodiments, the inert gas for the reaction is nitrogen or argon, and the reaction is carried out in a closed or slightly negative pressure system.
[0025] In some embodiments, the post-reaction treatment following the oil bath heating reaction is as follows:
[0026] After the reaction solution was cooled to 20-25℃, an equal volume of water was added, and the mixture was extracted three times with equal volumes of ethyl acetate or dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography or vacuum distillation to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0027] The perfluoroalkyl ether products prepared by this invention are suitable for functional coatings, anti-fingerprint materials, cleaning agents, or insulating liquids.
[0028] Reaction mechanism (including catalyst)
[0029] Catalyst activation and intermediate formation: ZnI in the halide metal catalyst works synergistically with ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The porous structure of ZSM-5 provides active sites for the reaction, while ZnI activates the CX bond (X = Br or I) in the haloalkane substrate through coordination, making it easier for haloalkane to form carbocation intermediates. At the same time, it promotes the release of fluoride ions from fluoride metal salts, laying the foundation for subsequent nucleophilic substitution reactions.
[0030] Nucleophilic substitution and ether bond formation: Under the action of a catalyst, fluoride ions released from fluoride metal salts attack the carbonyl carbon of perfluoroalkyl acyl fluorides to form an acyl fluoride anion intermediate. This intermediate further undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the carbocation generated from haloalkanes to form the framework structure of perfluoroalkyl ethers. During this process, the catalyst stabilizes the reaction intermediate through electron transfer, thereby lowering the reaction energy barrier.
[0031] Catalyst recycling and product release: The byproduct metal halide generated in the reaction can undergo metathesis reaction with the fluorinated metal salt to regenerate the active component of the metal halide catalyst, realizing the recycling of the catalyst. At the same time, the target product perfluoroalkyl ether is released. The presence of the catalyst throughout the process effectively maintains the activity of the reaction system and ensures the continuous progress of the reaction.
[0032] Technical effect
[0033] Increased reaction yield: Halogenated metal catalysts significantly accelerate the reaction rate by activating haloalkane substrates and stabilizing reaction intermediates, enabling reactions that would otherwise take longer to be completed efficiently within 6-24 hours. At the same time, the recycling of catalysts reduces the loss of active components, and the yield of the final product is increased by more than 30% compared with the system without catalyst.
[0034] Enhanced reaction selectivity: The shape-selective effect of ZSM-5 molecular sieve in the catalyst and the coordination effect of ZnI jointly regulate the reaction pathway, effectively suppressing side reactions such as the self-polymerization of haloalkanes and the decomposition of perfluoroalkyl acyl fluorides, so that the yield of the target product perfluoroalkyl ether reaches more than 92%, which is far higher than the selectivity of traditional methods.
[0035] This method significantly improves the yield and purity of perfluoroalkyl ethers by using appropriate catalysts, solvents, temperatures, and material ratios, while reducing reaction conditions from high temperature / high risk to a mild and controllable level, and achieving a balance between functionalized structures and industrial production. Detailed Implementation
[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and should not be considered as specific limitations thereof. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are all commercially available conventional products.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] 100 kg of haloalkane substrate, 100 kg of fluorinated metal salt, and 5 kg of halometallic catalyst were added to a reaction vessel. Under nitrogen protection, 500 kg of reaction solvent was added, followed by dropwise addition of 100 kg of perfluoroalkyl fluoride. The reaction was heated in an oil bath at 20 °C for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the product was separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0039] The haloalkane substrate is ArCH2X (Ar is a methyl-substituted phenyl group, X = Br);
[0040] The fluorinated metal salt is KF;
[0041] The method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows: Under nitrogen protection, 100 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 2 kg of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 20 kg of perfluorooctylsulfonyl chloride, 1500 kg of dichloromethane, and 5 kg of pyridine are first added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 52°C for 5.5 hours. Then, 12 kg of ZnI is added, and stirring continues for 1 hour. After the reaction is complete, filtration is performed, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 80°C to obtain the desired halide metal catalyst.
[0042] The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF);
[0043] The perfluoroalkyl fluoride is X(CF2). n C(O)F(n=1,X=F);
[0044] The reaction was carried out in a closed system under nitrogen protection;
[0045] After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to 20°C and an equal volume of water was added. The solution was then extracted three times with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] 100 kg of haloalkane substrate, 300 kg of fluorinated metal salt, and 15 kg of halometallic catalyst were added to a reaction vessel. Under argon protection, 1000 kg of reaction solvent was added, followed by dropwise addition of 250 kg of perfluoroalkyl fluoride. The reaction was heated in an oil bath at 40 °C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the product was separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0048] The haloalkane substrate is CH2=CHCH2X (X=I);
[0049] The fluorinated metal salt is NaF;
[0050] The method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows: Under nitrogen protection, 120 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 5 kg of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 25 kg of perfluorooctylsulfonyl chloride, 1600 kg of dichloromethane, and 6 kg of pyridine are first added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 55°C for 6 hours. Then, 18 kg of ZnI is added, and stirring continues for 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, filtration is performed, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 85°C to obtain the desired halide metal catalyst.
[0051] The solvent is N,N-dimethylacrylurea (DMPU);
[0052] The perfluoroalkyl acyl fluoride is FSO2CF2C(O)F;
[0053] The reaction was carried out under argon protection in a light negative pressure system;
[0054] After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to 22°C and an equal volume of water was added. The solution was then extracted three times with an equal volume of dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by vacuum distillation to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0055] Example 3
[0056] 100 kg of haloalkane substrate, 500 kg of fluorinated metal salt, and 25 kg of halometallic catalyst were added to a reaction vessel. Under nitrogen protection, 1500 kg of reaction solvent was added, followed by dropwise addition of 350 kg of perfluoroalkyl fluoride. The reaction was heated in an oil bath at 60 °C for 18 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the product was separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0057] The haloalkane substrate is RX (R is a C5 straight-chain alkyl group containing a Si(OMe)3 end group, X = Br);
[0058] The fluorinated metal salt is KHF;
[0059] The method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows: Under nitrogen protection, 135 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 6 kg of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 27 kg of perfluorooctylsulfonyl chloride, 1650 kg of dichloromethane, and 6.5 kg of pyridine are first added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 56 °C for 6.2 hours. Then, 22 kg of ZnI is added, and stirring continues for 2.5 hours. After the reaction is complete, filtration is performed, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 87 °C to obtain the desired halide metal catalyst.
[0060] The solvent is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME);
[0061] The perfluoroalkyl acyl fluoride is CF3CF2(CF2-O-CF(CF3)). m C(O)F(m=4);
[0062] The reaction was carried out under nitrogen protection in a light negative pressure system. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to 24°C and an equal volume of water was added. The solution was then extracted three times with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0063] Example 4
[0064] 100 kg of haloalkane substrate, 800 kg of fluorinated metal salt, and 40 kg of halometallic catalyst were added to a reaction vessel. Under argon protection, 2000 kg of reaction solvent was added, followed by dropwise addition of 500 kg of perfluoroalkyl fluoride. The reaction was heated in an oil bath at 80 °C for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the product was separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0065] The haloalkane substrate is ArCH2X (Ar is a methyl-substituted phenyl group, X = Br);
[0066] The fluorinated metal salt is Ag₂F₂;
[0067] The method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows: Under nitrogen protection, 150 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 8 kg of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 30 kg of perfluorooctylsulfonyl chloride, 1700 kg of dichloromethane, and 7 kg of pyridine are first added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 58°C for 6.5 hours. Then, 26 kg of ZnI is added, and stirring continues for 3 hours. After the reaction is complete, filtration is performed, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 90°C to obtain the desired halide metal catalyst.
[0068] The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF);
[0069] The perfluoroalkyl fluoride is X(CF2). n C(O)F(n=10, X=Br) and CF3CF2(CF2-O-CF(CF3)) m A mixture of C(O)F(m=8);
[0070] The reaction was carried out in a closed system under argon protection. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to 25°C and an equal volume of water was added. The solution was then extracted three times with an equal volume of dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by vacuum distillation to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0071] Comparative Example 1
[0072] 100 kg of haloalkane substrate, 100 kg of fluorinated metal salt, and 5 kg of halometallic catalyst were added to a reaction vessel. Under nitrogen protection, 500 kg of reaction solvent was added, followed by dropwise addition of 100 kg of perfluoroalkyl fluoride. The reaction was heated in an oil bath at 20 °C for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the product was separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0073] The haloalkane substrate is ArCH2X (Ar is a methyl-substituted phenyl group, X = Br);
[0074] The fluorinated metal salt is KF;
[0075] The method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows: Under nitrogen protection, 100 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 20 kg of perfluorooctyl sulfonyl chloride, 1500 kg of dichloromethane, and 5 kg of pyridine are first added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 52°C for 5.5 hours. Then, 12 kg of ZnI is added, and stirring continues for 1 hour. After the reaction is complete, filtration is performed, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 80°C to obtain the desired halide metal catalyst.
[0076] The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF);
[0077] The perfluoroalkyl fluoride is X(CF2). n C(O)F(n=1,X=F);
[0078] The reaction was carried out in a closed system under nitrogen protection;
[0079] After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to 20°C and an equal volume of water was added. The solution was then extracted three times with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0080] Comparative Example 2
[0081] 100 kg of haloalkane substrate, 100 kg of fluorinated metal salt, and 5 kg of halometallic catalyst were added to a reaction vessel. Under nitrogen protection, 500 kg of reaction solvent was added, followed by dropwise addition of 100 kg of perfluoroalkyl fluoride. The reaction was heated in an oil bath at 20 °C for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the product was separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product.
[0082] The haloalkane substrate is ArCH2X (Ar is a methyl-substituted phenyl group, X = Br);
[0083] The fluorinated metal salt is KF;
[0084] The method for preparing the halide metal catalyst is as follows: Under nitrogen protection, 100 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 2 kg of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 1500 kg of dichloromethane, and 5 kg of pyridine are first added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 52°C for 5.5 hours. Then, 12 kg of ZnI is added, and stirring continues for 1 hour. After the reaction is complete, filtration is performed, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 80°C to obtain the desired halide metal catalyst.
[0085] The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF);
[0086] The perfluoroalkyl fluoride is X(CF2). n C(O)F(n=1,X=F);
[0087] The reaction was carried out in a closed system under nitrogen protection;
[0088] After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to 20°C and an equal volume of water was added. The solution was then extracted three times with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0089] Yield and purity analysis
[0090] Instrument: Agilent 7890B Gas Chromatograph-5977A Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS)
[0091] Chromatographic conditions: Initial temperature 40℃, hold for 2 min, increase temperature to 280℃ at 10℃ / min, then hold for another 5 min.
[0092] Detection: The yield is calculated based on the peak area of the main product, and the purity is determined by the ratio of the peak area of the pure component to the total area. Reference: The products obtained under the same conditions but with different solvents in the comparative experiment are subjected to the same detection to compare the effects of the process.
[0093] Table 1 Test Results
[0094] Yield % purity% Example 1 92.1 98.3 Example 2 92.4 98.6 Example 3 92.6 98.8 Example 4 92.8 99.0 Comparative Example 1 91.6 97.9 Comparative Example 2 91.2 97.5
[0095] As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, this method effectively improves the yield and purity of perfluoroalkyl ethers, demonstrating the superior performance of this method.
[0096] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions, specific embodiments, and experiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether, characterized in that, The steps include the following, measured in parts by weight: 100 parts of haloalkane substrate, 100-800 parts of fluorinated metal salt, and 5-40 parts of halometallic catalyst are added to a reaction vessel; under inert gas protection, 500-2000 parts of reaction solvent are added, followed by dropwise addition of 100-500 parts of perfluoroalkyl fluoride; the reaction is heated in an oil bath at 20-80°C for 6-24 hours; after cooling to room temperature, the product is separated and purified by water extraction, drying, rotary evaporation, and vacuum distillation to obtain the perfluoroalkyl ether product; The halide metal catalyst is prepared by reacting ZSM-5 molecular sieve, quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, perfluorooctyl sulfonyl, pyridine, and ZnI.
2. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The haloalkane substrate is one of the following structures or a combination thereof: ArCH2X, where Ar is a substituted phenyl group and X = Br or I; the substituents on the benzene ring can be methyl, methoxy, cyano, phenyl, Cl, Br, I, CF3, Si(OMe)3, NO2, OCF2H, tBu; CH2=CHCH2X, where X=Br or I; RX, R is C1-C 10 Straight-chain alkyl or cycloalkyl groups containing Si(OMe)3 end groups, X = Br or I.
3. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorinated metal salt is one or more combinations of KF, NaF, CsF, KHF, AgF, or Ag2F2.
4. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the halide metal catalyst is as follows, according to parts by mass: Under nitrogen protection, 100-150 parts of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, 2-8 parts of quinoline-7-sulfonyl chloride, 20-30 parts of perfluorooctylsulfonyl chloride, 1500-1700 parts of dichloromethane, and 5-7 parts of pyridine are added to a reaction vessel and stirred at 52-58°C for 5.5-6.5 hours. Then, 12-26 parts of ZnI are added, and stirring continues for 1-3 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered, and the resulting solid is vacuum dried at 80-90°C to obtain the desired metal halide catalyst.
5. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent is an aprotic polar solvent selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacrylurea, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
6. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perfluoroalkyl fluoride is a compound with any of the following structures or a mixture thereof: X(CF2) n C(O)F, where n = 1-10, X = F, H, Cl, Br; FSO2CF2C(O)F; CF3CF2(CF2-O-CF(CF3))mC(O)F, where m=4-8.
7. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert gas is nitrogen or argon, and the reaction is carried out in a closed or slightly negative pressure system.
8. The method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-reaction treatment after the oil bath heating reaction is as follows: After the reaction solution was cooled to 20-25℃, an equal volume of water was added, and the mixture was extracted three times with equal volumes of ethyl acetate or dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed once with saturated NaCl water, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography or vacuum distillation to finally obtain the target perfluoroalkyl ether.
9. A method for preparing a perfluoroalkyl ether according to claims 1-8, characterized in that, The obtained perfluoroalkyl ether products are suitable for functional coatings, anti-fingerprint materials, cleaning agents, or insulating liquids.