Early warning and monitoring type multi-sleeve constant-resistance anti-seismic anchor rod and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an early warning and monitoring type multi-sleeve constant-resistance anti-seismic anchor rod and a construction method. An external tensioning device, a self-locking mechanism, a constant-resistance device and an anchoring section form a complete anti-seismic early warning system. The constant-resistance device is of a multi-stage energy dissipation structure and comprises an expansion sleeve, an extrusion pipe is arranged in the expansion sleeve, and an anchor rod is arranged in the extrusion pipe. The outer end part of the expansion sleeve is locked through a self-locking mechanism; the outer end of the expansion sleeve is fixedly connected with a connecting component of an external tensioning device; the outer end of the anchor rod is fixedly connected with the cone-shaped body of the self-locking mechanism, and the inner end of the anchor rod is connected with an anchoring section used for anchoring. The tail part of the conical body is connected with a displacement monitoring system. By adopting the multi-sleeve constant-resistance anchoring device and through innovative structural design, continuous energy consumption can be achieved under dynamic loads, stable anchoring force can be kept, and meanwhile an integrated sensing system monitors displacement of an anchor rod in real time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of thrust bearing, and particularly relates to a pre-warning monitoring type multi-sleeve constant-resistance anti-seismic anchor rod and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in China, large-scale slope engineering is widely used in the fields of railways, highways, water conservancy, and mines. However, the stability of the slope has always been an important challenge to engineering safety, especially under the action of natural disasters such as earthquakes and heavy rainfall, slope instability may cause landslides, collapses and other disasters, which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property and the normal operation of major projects. Traditional slope reinforcement technologies (such as ordinary anchor rods, anchor cables, etc.) perform well under static loads, but under dynamic loads (such as earthquakes, blasting vibrations, etc.), they often fail due to insufficient impact resistance and poor ductility, resulting in brittle failure of the anchoring system. In addition, existing monitoring methods mainly focus on static deformation or local stress monitoring, which cannot realize real-time early warning of slope dynamic response and cannot meet the urgent needs of earthquake resistance and disaster prevention and control.

[0003] Ordinary anchor rods have obvious defects in terms of seismic and impact resistance, mainly manifested in insufficient deformation capacity, which easily leads to failure under seismic impact loads. The specific failure modes include: (1) the rod body is pulled apart or sheared due to limited plastic deformation capacity, showing brittle failure characteristics; (2) the outer anchor plate and nut are damaged due to stress concentration; (3) the anchoring segment fails, which is manifested as the rod body and anchoring agent debonding or the anchoring agent and rock mass debonding. The above failure modes not only result in the loss of the supporting function of the anchor rod itself, but also may trigger a chain reaction, causing the surrounding support structure to bear additional loads, ultimately leading to the instability of the overall support system, which seriously threatens the safety of the project. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the application provides a pre-warning monitoring type multi-sleeve constant-resistance anti-seismic anchor rod with seismic reinforcement and intelligent early warning functions. Through innovative structural design of the multi-sleeve constant-resistance anchoring device, it can realize continuous energy dissipation and maintain stable anchoring force under dynamic loads, and at the same time, it integrates a sensing system to monitor the displacement of the anchor rod in real time, providing an integrated solution for slope seismic reinforcement and disaster warning. This technology is expected to make up for the shortcomings of traditional anchoring technology and improve the safety of slope engineering.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical features, the purpose of the application is achieved as follows: a pre-warning monitoring type multi-sleeve constant-resistance anti-seismic anchor rod adopts a modular structure and is composed of an external tensioning device, a self-locking mechanism, a constant-resistance device, and an anchoring segment to form a complete anti-seismic early warning system; The constant-resistance device adopts a multi-stage energy dissipation structure, including an expansion sleeve, an extrusion pipe arranged inside the expansion sleeve, and an anchor rod arranged inside the extrusion pipe; The outer end part of the expansion sleeve is locked by a self-locking mechanism; The outer end of the expansion sleeve is fixedly connected with the connecting member of the external tensioning device; The outer end of the anchor rod is fixedly connected with the conical body of the self-locking mechanism, and the inner end is connected with the anchoring section for anchoring; the tail of the conical body is connected with a displacement monitoring system.

[0006] Preferably, the external tensioning device comprises a connecting member, the connecting member passes through the steel support and is fixedly connected with the end of the expansion sleeve by a steel pin at the end part; the other side of the steel support is provided with a first steel base plate, and a tensioning device is arranged between the steel support and the first steel base plate; a through-hole for passing through the expansion sleeve is processed on the first steel base plate.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting member comprises a bottom threaded section, a plurality of pin holes are processed at the end of the bottom threaded section; the expansion sleeve is threadedly connected with the bottom threaded section, and is fixedly connected again by a steel pin passing through the pin hole; the steel pin comprises a high-strength steel screw, which is fixed by a lock nut after passing through the pin hole.

[0008] Preferably, a first shock-absorbing rubber pad is arranged between the connecting member and the contact surface of the steel support, and a rubber pad is arranged between the tensioning device and the first steel base plate, thereby forming a multi-stage shock-absorbing system.

[0009] Preferably, a through-hole for passing through the connecting member is processed on the steel support, and a transverse partition plate is arranged at the middle part of the steel support; a self-locking mechanism is arranged between the transverse partition plate and the tensioning device.

[0010] Preferably, the self-locking mechanism comprises a conical body arranged inside the expansion sleeve, the conical body and a wedge-shaped body sleeved outside the expansion sleeve form a wedge-shaped self-locking cooperation, the wedge-shaped body is connected with a circlip at the outside, and the other end of the circlip is in contact with the tensioning device or the transverse partition plate.

[0011] Preferably, a precision threaded hole is processed at the tail of the conical body, and the precision threaded hole is used for cooperation and connection with the threaded column of the end of the anchor rod.

[0012] Preferably, the circlip comprises a circlip mounting plate, the circlip mounting plate is connected with the wedge-shaped body, the transverse partition plate and the tensioning device respectively, and the circlip is fixed between the circlip mounting plates.

[0013] Preferably, the expansion sleeve, the extruded pipe and the anchor rod are coaxially arranged; The expansion sleeve is in a tubular structure and is integrally formed by a mold; the interface diameter of the expansion sleeve connecting section and the connecting member is the same, the wall thickness of the pipe wall is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is adjusted according to the supporting environment; The extrusion pipe is a tubular structure, which is integrally formed by a mold, the outer diameter of the extrusion pipe is the same as the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve, the extrusion pipe is fitted, the wall thickness of the pipe wall is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is adjusted according to the supporting environment.

[0014] Preferably, the extrusion pipe is precisely formed by selecting high-strength silica gel material, is tightly fitted in the inside of the expansion sleeve and forms a friction energy dissipation interface with the anchor rod.

[0015] Preferably, the extrusion pipe is provided with a first micro signal alarm and a second micro signal alarm, and the alarm signal is triggered when the displacement of the conical body reaches a critical value.

[0016] Preferably, the displacement monitoring system is composed of a high-precision sensor, a waterproof data line and a signal receiver, the high-precision sensor is directly pasted on the surface of the conical body, can monitor the displacement change of millimeter level in real time, and transmits data to a remote monitoring platform in real time through wireless transmission communication.

[0017] Preferably, the anchoring section comprises a pressure-releasing component, the pressure-releasing component comprises a high-pressure spring, a second steel backing plate, a third steel backing plate, an end cap and a second shock-absorbing rubber pad, the third steel backing plate is fixed at the end of the anchor rod through the end cap and the second shock-absorbing rubber pad, the second steel backing plate is installed on the anchor rod, and a plurality of groups of high-pressure springs are arranged between the second steel backing plate and the third steel backing plate.

[0018] Another aspect of the present application provides a construction method of a pre-warning monitoring type multi-sleeve constant impedance anti-seismic anchor rod, comprising the following steps: Step 1, drilling operation: Firstly, on-site geological survey is carried out, the anchoring point is accurately positioned according to the survey report, and the quality of materials and equipment is comprehensively checked; then drilling operation is carried out according to the design parameters using a geological drilling machine, the drilling diameter is greater than the outer diameter of the pressure-releasing component, hole cleaning treatment is immediately carried out after hole forming, and whether the hole depth and hole diameter meet the specification requirements is strictly detected; Step 2, pressure-releasing component and constant resistance device assembly: Firstly, the second steel backing plate and the third steel backing plate are accurately installed in the pressure-releasing component, and the high-pressure spring is assembled; the first micro signal alarm and the second micro signal alarm are accurately embedded in the special clamping groove on the inner wall of the extrusion pipe; The extrusion pipe is precisely sleeved into the expansion sleeve; then the anchor rod is inserted into the extrusion pipe, one end of the anchor rod is connected with the end cap through the positioning holes of the second steel backing plate and the third steel backing plate in high-strength thread connection, and the second shock-absorbing rubber pad is additionally arranged at the connection position; Step 3, displacement monitoring system installation: The other end of the anchor rod is connected with the conical body in the same high-precision thread connection; finally, the high-sensitivity sensor of the displacement monitoring system is firmly pasted on the conical body, and the precise assembly of the anchor rod main body structure is completed; Step 4, drilling grouting operation: During anchor installation, a special hoisting device is used to slowly lower the assembled anchor body along the anchor hole axis to ensure that the pressure component is accurately positioned at the bottom of the hole. After checking that the installation position is correct, grout is injected through the grouting port using a high-pressure grouting machine. The grouting process must be carried out continuously to ensure that the grout fills the entire anchor hole. Step 5, Installation of external tensioning device: After grouting is completed and cured for 3-7 days until the grout strength reaches the design value, first install the damping system consisting of the first steel pad and rubber pad; then precisely insert the constant resistance device through the reserved hole; next, install the rigid support and set the first damping rubber pad on its upper part; pass the connecting component through the positioning hole of the rigid support, put the expansion sleeve on the connecting component and lock it with the steel pin; then install the self-locking mechanism consisting of the snap ring and the wedge to keep the cone initially fixed; finally, install the tensioning equipment to complete the installation and commissioning of the entire device.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention has a reasonable structure, excellent seismic performance, and includes an intelligent monitoring system.

[0020] 2. The device of the present invention can effectively absorb seismic energy and allow the anchor bolt to undergo controllable deformation.

[0021] 3. This invention is also equipped with a high-precision displacement monitoring system, which can collect millimeter-level displacement data in real time and provide timely warnings when the limit is exceeded.

[0022] 4. The anchoring section of this invention adopts a composite buffer design (high-pressure spring, shock-absorbing rubber pad, etc.) to ensure stable anchoring force, while the external tensioning device can precisely control the prestress.

[0023] 5. The key components of the device of this invention are made of high-strength alloy steel and silicone materials, which have both excellent durability and corrosion resistance.

[0024] 6. The overall structure of this invention features a detachable connection and optimized design with pressure grouting, making construction convenient and efficient, and is particularly suitable for earthquake protection in large-scale slope engineering projects.

[0025] 7. The device of the present invention achieves dynamic stability through a three-stage energy dissipation mechanism: the first stage of energy dissipation is offset by the pressure-relief component to offset the initial impact; the second stage of energy dissipation is buffered by the rubber pad and spring of the external tensioning device; the third stage of energy dissipation is generated by the frictional resistance generated by the compression between the cone and the rubber hose, which can effectively suppress large deformation of the slope. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-tube constant impedance seismic anchor rod for early warning and monitoring, and its construction method, according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the anchoring device after deformation.

[0029] Figure 3 Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the anchoring device after deformation. Figure 1 Fig. 8 is a sectional view along A-A in Fig. 7.

[0030] Figure 4 Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the steel support.

[0031] Figure 5 Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the external tensioning device.

[0032] Figure 6 Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the connecting member and the steel bolt.

[0033] Figure 7 Fig. 12 is a sectional view along B-B in Fig. 11.

[0034] Figure 8 Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the connection between the cone and the anchor rod.

[0035] Figure 9 Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the fixing device of the cone (wedge and clip spring).

[0036] Figure 10 Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the pressure relief member.

[0037] In the drawings, the connecting member 1, the first shock-absorbing rubber pad 2, the tensioning device 3, the steel support 4, the first steel pad 5, the rubber pad 6, the steel bolt 7, the clip spring 8, the wedge 9, the displacement monitoring system 10, the hole 11, the cone 12, the expansion sleeve 13, the extrusion tube 14, the anchor rod 15, the second steel pad 16, the pressure relief member 17, the high-pressure spring 18, the third steel pad 19, the end cap 20, and the second shock-absorbing rubber pad 21. The bottom threaded section 101 and the bolt hole 102. The high-strength steel screw 701 and the lock nut 702. The clip spring mounting plate 801 and the clip spring 802. The precision threaded hole 1201. The first micro signal alarm 1401 and the second micro signal alarm 1402. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1 As Figures 1-10The early warning monitoring type multi-sleeve constant resistance anti-seismic anchor rod adopts a modular structure and is composed of an external tensioning device, a self-locking mechanism, a constant resistance device and an anchoring section to form a complete anti-seismic early warning system. The constant resistance device adopts a multi-stage energy dissipation structure and comprises an expansion sleeve 13, an extrusion pipe 14 arranged in the expansion sleeve 13 and an anchor rod 15 arranged in the extrusion pipe 14. The outer end of the expansion sleeve 13 is locked by the self-locking mechanism. The outer end of the expansion sleeve 13 is fixedly connected with the connecting member 1 of the external tensioning device. The outer end of the anchor rod 15 is fixedly connected with the conical body 12 of the self-locking mechanism, and the inner end is connected with the anchoring section for anchoring. The tail of the conical body 12 is connected with a displacement monitoring system 10. The constant resistance anti-seismic anchor rod has the functions of anti-seismic reinforcement and intelligent early warning. The multi-sleeve constant resistance anchoring device can realize continuous energy dissipation and maintain stable anchoring force under dynamic load, and integrates a sensing system to monitor the displacement of the anchor rod in real time, thereby providing an integrated solution for slope anti-seismic reinforcement and disaster early warning. The technology can make up for the shortcomings of traditional anchoring technology and improve the safety of slope engineering.

[0040] Further, the external tensioning device comprises a connecting member 1 which passes through a steel support 4 and is fixedly connected with the end of the expansion sleeve 13 by a steel dowel pin 7 at the end. The other side of the steel support 4 is provided with a first steel pad 5, and a tensioning device 3 is arranged between the steel support 4 and the first steel pad 5. The first steel pad 5 is provided with a through-hole 11 for the expansion sleeve 13. The external tensioning device can be tensioned after the anchor rod is installed, thereby accurately controlling the initial prestress value. When tensioning is required, the tensioning device 3 is started to drive the steel support 4, the connecting member 1 is driven by the steel support 4, the expansion sleeve 13 is pulled by the connecting member 1, and the expansion sleeve 13 is tensioned.

[0041] Further, the connecting member 1 comprises a bottom threaded section 101, and the end of the bottom threaded section 101 is provided with a plurality of through dowel pin holes 102. The expansion sleeve 13 is threadedly connected with the bottom threaded section 101 and is further fixed by the steel dowel pin 7 passing through the dowel pin holes 102. The steel dowel pin 7 comprises a high-strength steel screw 701 which is fixed by a lock nut 702 after passing through the dowel pin holes 102. The steel dowel pin 7 can reliably connect the connecting member 1 and the expansion sleeve 13, and the connection is detachable.

[0042] Further, a first shock-absorbing rubber pad 2 is arranged between the connecting member 1 and the steel support 4, and a rubber pad 6 is arranged between the tensioning device 3 and the first steel pad 5, thereby forming a multi-stage shock-absorbing system. The system has good shock-absorbing and buffering effects.

[0043] Further, the steel support 4 is provided with a through hole 401 for passing through the connecting member 1, and a transverse plate 402 is arranged at the middle part of the steel support 4, and a self-locking mechanism is arranged between the transverse plate 402 and the tensioning device 3. The self-locking mechanism can realize self-locking of the expansion sleeve 13. Further, the self-locking mechanism comprises a tapered body 12 arranged inside the expansion sleeve 13, and the tapered body 12 and a wedge-shaped body 9 sleeved outside the expansion sleeve 13 form a wedge-shaped self-locking cooperation, the wedge-shaped body 9 is connected with a circlip 8, and the other end of the circlip 8 is in contact with the tensioning device 3 or the transverse plate 402. The tapered body 12 is made of high-strength alloy steel, and one end is provided with a precision thread for connecting with an anchor rod, and in the initial state, the self-locking mechanism composed of the circlip and the wedge-shaped body is fixed, so as to ensure that the axes of the components are strictly centered.

[0044] Further, the tail part of the tapered body 12 is provided with a precision threaded hole 1201 for cooperating with a threaded column 1501 at the end of the anchor rod 15.

[0045] Further, the circlip 8 comprises a circlip mounting plate 801 connected with the wedge-shaped body 9, the transverse plate 402 and the tensioning device 3 respectively, and a circlip 802 is fixed between the circlip mounting plates 801. The initial position of the wedge-shaped body 9 can be controlled by the circlip 8.

[0046] Further, the expansion sleeve 13, the extrusion pipe 14 and the anchor rod 15 are arranged coaxially; the expansion sleeve 13 is a tubular structure and is integrally formed by a mold, the connecting section of the expansion sleeve 13 has the same diameter as the interface of the connecting member 1, the wall thickness of the pipe wall is 3-5 cm, and is adjusted according to the supporting environment; the extrusion pipe 14 is a tubular structure and is integrally formed by a mold, the outer diameter of the extrusion pipe 14 is the same as the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve 13, so as to realize close fitting, the wall thickness of the pipe wall is 3-5 cm, and is adjusted according to the supporting environment. The extrusion pipe 14 is precisely formed by using high-strength silica gel material, closely fits inside the expansion sleeve and forms a frictional energy dissipation interface with the anchor rod.

[0047] Further, the extrusion pipe 14 is precisely formed by using high-strength silica gel material, closely fits inside the expansion sleeve 13 and forms a frictional energy dissipation interface with the anchor rod 15.

[0048] Further, the extrusion pipe 14 is precisely formed by using high-strength silica gel material, closely fits inside the expansion sleeve 13 and forms a frictional energy dissipation interface with the anchor rod 15.

[0049] Further, the displacement monitoring system 10 is composed of high-precision sensors, waterproof data lines and signal receivers. The high-precision sensors are directly pasted on the surface of the conical body 12, which can monitor the displacement change of millimeter level in real time and transmit the data to the remote monitoring platform in real time through wireless transmission communication.

[0050] Further, the anchoring section includes a pressure-releasing member 17, which includes high-pressure springs 18, a second steel backing plate 16, a third steel backing plate 19, an end cap 20 and a second shock-absorbing rubber pad 21. The third steel backing plate 19 is fixed at the end of the anchor rod 15 through the end cap 20 and the second shock-absorbing rubber pad 21, and the second steel backing plate 16 is installed on the anchor rod 15. A plurality of high-pressure springs 18 are arranged between the second steel backing plate 16 and the third steel backing plate 19. The anchoring section is designed with a composite buffer, and the effective transmission of force is realized through the optimized end cap connection structure.

[0051] Embodiment 2 A construction method of a pre-warning monitoring type multi-casing constant-impedance seismic anchor rod includes the following steps: Step 1: Drilling operation First, carry out on-site geological survey, accurately position the anchoring point according to the survey report, and comprehensively check the quality of materials and equipment. Then, use a geological drilling machine to drill according to the design parameters. The drilling diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the pressure-releasing member 17. After the hole is formed, immediately perform hole cleaning treatment and strictly detect whether the hole depth and hole diameter meet the specification requirements; Step 2: Assembly of pressure-releasing member 17 and constant-impedance device First, accurately install the second steel backing plate 16 and the third steel backing plate 19 inside the pressure-releasing member 17, and assemble the high-pressure springs 18. Then, accurately embed the first micro signal alarm 1401 and the second micro signal alarm 1402 into the special clamping groove on the inner wall of the extruded pipe 14; Precisely sleeve the extruded pipe 14 into the expansion casing 13. Then, pass the anchor rod 15 into the extruded pipe 14, so that one end of the anchor rod 15 is connected with the end cap 20 through the positioning holes of the second steel backing plate 16 and the third steel backing plate 19 to realize high-strength threaded connection, and a second shock-absorbing rubber pad 21 is additionally installed at the connection position; Step 3: Installation of displacement monitoring system 10 The other end of the anchor rod 15 is connected with the conical body 12 through the same high-precision thread. Finally, the high-sensitivity sensor of the displacement monitoring system 10 is firmly pasted on the conical body 12 to complete the precise assembly of the anchor rod main body structure; Step 4: Drilling grouting operation When installing the anchor rod, use special hoisting equipment to slowly lower the assembled anchor rod main body along the anchor hole axis, so that the pressure-releasing member 17 is accurately positioned at the bottom of the hole. After checking that the installation position is correct, perform grouting through the grouting port by using a high-pressure grouting machine. The grouting process needs to be continuously performed and the grout needs to fill the entire anchor hole; Step 5, external tension device installation: After the grouting is completed, maintain for 3-7 days, and after the strength of the grout body reaches the design value, install the damping system composed of the first steel backing plate 5 and the rubber backing plate 6; then accurately pass the constant resistance device through the reserved hole; then install the steel support 4 and set the first damping rubber pad 2 on the upper part of the steel support 4; pass the connecting member 1 through the positioning hole of the steel support 4, and install the expansion sleeve 13 on the connecting member 1 and lock it with the steel bolt 7; then install the self-locking mechanism composed of the snap spring 8 and the wedge body 9 to initially fix the conical body 12; finally, install the tensioning equipment 3, and complete the installation and debugging work of the whole device.

[0052] Example 3: Specific working principle of the application: When an earthquake occurs, the seismic wave is transmitted to the anchor rod system through the rock-soil body, and the huge axial tension generated is transmitted to the high-pressure spring 18 buffer system for primary energy dissipation. When the load exceeds the preset safety threshold, the conical body 12 will break through the locking mechanism of the snap spring 8 and the wedge body 9, and generate a controllable displacement in the constant resistance device. It is particularly worth noting that the conical body 12 adopts a unique tapered section design, and its maximum diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve 13 after precise calculation, which cooperates with the built-in high-strength silicone extrusion pipe 14 to form a progressive radial expansion energy dissipation mechanism. This innovative design not only allows the anchor rod 15 to produce large deformation, but also efficiently dissipates seismic energy through friction and extrusion. During the whole anti-seismic process, the displacement monitoring system 10 continuously collects displacement data in real time, and when the displacement reaches the warning threshold, the signal receiver can immediately trigger the multi-level warning mechanism to provide scientific decision-making basis for slope emergency protection. Through the organic combination of multi-level energy dissipation design and intelligent monitoring, the device realizes the high unification of anti-seismic performance and warning function.

[0053] Although the application is described herein with reference to particular embodiments, it should be understood that these examples are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present application. It should therefore be understood that numerous modifications can be made to the illustrative embodiments, and that other arrangements can be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the features described in connection with separate embodiments can be used in combination with features described in connection with other embodiments. It should also be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A pre-warning monitoring type multi-casing constant-impedance seismic anchor rod, characterized in that, Adopt modular structure, by external tensioning device, self-locking mechanism, constant resistance device and anchoring section constitute a complete anti-seismic early warning system; The constant resistance device adopts a multi-stage energy dissipation structure, including an expansion sleeve (13), the expansion sleeve (13) is internally provided with an extrusion pipe (14), and the extrusion pipe (14) is internally provided with an anchor rod (15); The outer end head part of the expansion sleeve (13) is locked by the self-locking mechanism; The outer end head of the expansion sleeve (13) is fixedly connected with the connecting member (1) of the external tensioning device; The outer end head of the anchor rod (15) is fixedly connected with the conical body (12) of the self-locking mechanism, and the inner end head is connected with the anchoring section for anchoring; the tail of the conical body (12) is connected with a displacement monitoring system (10).

2. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external tensioning device includes a connecting member (1), the connecting member (1) passes through a steel support (4) and is fixedly connected with the end head of the expansion sleeve (13) at the end part through a steel bolt (7), the other side of the steel support (4) is provided with a first steel base plate (5), and a tensioning device (3) is arranged between the steel support (4) and the first steel base plate (5); a through-hole (11) for passing through the expansion sleeve (13) is formed in the first steel base plate (5).

3. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting member (1) includes a bottom threaded section (101), a plurality of bolt holes (102) are formed in the end of the bottom threaded section (101); the expansion sleeve (13) is in threaded cooperation with the bottom threaded section (101), and is again fixedly connected through the steel bolt (7) passing through the bolt hole (102); the steel bolt (7) includes a high-strength steel screw (701), and the high-strength steel screw (701) is fixed through a lock nut (702) after passing through the bolt hole (102).

4. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first damping rubber pad (2) is arranged between the contact surface of the connecting member (1) and the steel support (4), and a rubber pad (6) is arranged between the tensioning device (3) and the first steel base plate (5), thereby forming a multi-stage damping system.

5. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that, A through hole (401) for passing through the connecting member (1) is formed in the steel support (4), and a cross partition plate (402) is arranged at the middle part of the steel support (4); the cross partition plate (402) and the tensioning device (3) are provided with a self-locking mechanism.

6. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-locking mechanism includes a conical body (12) arranged in the expansion sleeve (13), the conical body (12) and a wedge body (9) sleeved outside the expansion sleeve (13) form a wedge-shaped self-locking cooperation, the wedge body (9) is externally connected with a clamping spring (8), and the other end of the clamping spring (8) is in contact with the tensioning device (3) or the cross partition plate (402).

7. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tail of the conical body (12) is provided with a precision threaded hole (1201), and the precision threaded hole (1201) is used for cooperation and connection with a threaded column (1501) at the end of the anchor rod (15).

8. The pre-warning monitoring multi-casing constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping spring (8) includes a clamping spring mounting plate (801), the clamping spring mounting plate (801) is connected with the wedge body (9), the cross partition plate (402) and the tensioning device (3) respectively, and a clamping spring (802) is fixed between the clamping spring mounting plates (801).

9. The pre-warning monitoring multi-socket constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 6, characterized in that, The expansion sleeve (13), the extrusion pipe (14) and the anchor rod (15) are coaxially arranged; The expansion sleeve (13) is a tubular structure, which is integrally formed by a mold, the interface diameter of the connection section of the expansion sleeve (13) and the connection member (1) is the same, the wall thickness of the pipe wall is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is adjusted according to the supporting environment; The extrusion pipe (14) is a tubular structure, which is integrally formed by a mold, the outer diameter of the extrusion pipe (14) is the same as the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve (13), and the extrusion pipe (14) is fitted, the wall thickness of the pipe wall is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is adjusted according to the supporting environment.

10. The pre-warning monitoring multi-socket constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 9, characterized in that, The extrusion pipe (14) is precisely formed by using high-strength silica gel material, is tightly fitted in the expansion sleeve (13), and forms a frictional energy dissipation interface with the anchor rod (15).

11. The pre-warning monitoring multi-socket constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 9, characterized in that, The extrusion pipe (14) is provided with a first micro signal alarm (1401) and a second micro signal alarm (1402), and an alarm signal is triggered when the displacement of the conical body reaches a critical value.

12. The pre-warning monitoring multi-socket constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 6, characterized in that, The displacement monitoring system (10) is composed of a high-precision sensor, a waterproof data line and a signal receiver, the high-precision sensor is directly pasted on the surface of the conical body (12), can monitor the displacement change of millimeter level in real time, and transmits data to a remote monitoring platform in real time through wireless transmission communication.

13. The pre-warning monitoring multi-socket constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to claim 9, characterized in that, The anchoring section includes a pressure-relieving member (17), the pressure-relieving member (17) includes a high-pressure spring (18), a second steel backing plate (16), a third steel backing plate (19), an end cap (20) and a second shock-absorbing rubber pad (21), the third steel backing plate (19) is fixed at the end of the anchor rod (15) through the end cap (20) and the second shock-absorbing rubber pad (21), the second steel backing plate (16) is installed on the anchor rod (15), and a plurality of high-pressure springs (18) are arranged between the second steel backing plate (16) and the third steel backing plate (19).

14. The construction method of the early warning monitoring multi-sleeve constant-impedance anti-seismic anchor rod according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, drilling operation: Firstly, the site geological survey is carried out, the anchoring points are accurately positioned according to the survey report, and the quality of materials and equipment is comprehensively checked; then, a geological drilling machine is used to drill according to the design parameters, the drilling diameter is greater than the outer diameter of the pressure-relieving member (17), and after the hole is formed, hole cleaning treatment is immediately carried out and the hole depth and hole diameter are strictly detected to see whether they meet the specification requirements; Step 2, assembly of pressure-relieving member (17) and constant resistance device: Firstly, the second steel backing plate (16) and the third steel backing plate (19) are accurately installed in the pressure-relieving member (17), and the high-pressure spring (18) is assembled; the first micro signal alarm (1401) and the second micro signal alarm (1402) are accurately embedded in the special clamping groove on the inner wall of the extrusion pipe (14); The extrusion pipe (14) is precisely sleeved into the expansion sleeve (13); then the anchor rod (15) is inserted into the extrusion pipe (14), so that one end of the anchor rod (15) is connected with the end cap (20) through the positioning holes of the second steel backing plate (16) and the third steel backing plate (19) to realize high-strength threaded connection, and the second shock-absorbing rubber pad (21) is additionally arranged at the connection position; Step 3, installation of displacement monitoring system (10): The other end of the anchor rod (15) is connected with the conical body (12) by the same high-precision thread; finally, the high-sensitivity sensor of the displacement monitoring system (10) is firmly pasted on the conical body (12), and the precise assembly of the anchor rod main body structure is completed; Step 4, drilling and grouting operation: When the anchor rod is installed, the assembled anchor rod main body is slowly lowered along the anchor hole axis by using special hoisting equipment, so as to ensure that the pressure-reducing component (17) is accurately positioned at the hole bottom. After checking that the installation position is correct, grouting is carried out by a high-pressure grouting machine through the grouting port. The grouting process needs to be continuously carried out and ensure that the grout fills the entire anchor hole; Step 5, installation of external tensioning device: After the grouting is completed, maintenance is carried out for 3-7 days. After the strength of the grout reaches the design value, the damping system composed of the first steel pad plate (5) and the rubber pad plate (6) is installed first. Then the constant resistance device is accurately passed through the reserved hole. Then the steel support (4) is installed and the first damping rubber pad (2) is arranged on the upper part of the steel support (4). The connecting component (1) is passed through the positioning hole of the steel support (4), the expansion sleeve (13) is sleeved on the connecting component (1), and the steel bolt (7) is used for locking. Then the self-locking mechanism composed of the snap spring (8) and the wedge body (9) is installed to initially fix the conical body (12). Finally, the tensioning equipment (3) is installed, and the installation and debugging work of the entire device is completed.

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