A construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall hanging plate of a steel frame structure

Abstract

This application relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a construction method for precast concrete exterior wall panels in a steel frame structure. The method includes steel beams, exterior wall panels, and steel columns. By providing steel beams, and according to the exterior wall panel layout design, corresponding brackets are welded to pre-set positions on the steel beams in a factory. The steel columns and beams are then installed. A first connector is pre-embedded at the bottom of the exterior wall panel, and a second connector is pre-embedded at the top. The exterior wall panel is then hoisted, connecting the first and second connectors to the brackets on the steel beams to form a bottom-supporting, top-pulling connection. By using trapezoidal and rectangular brackets depending on whether there are windows, the steel frame structure can flexibly adapt to the connection window area and the complete wall area of ​​the concrete exterior wall panel, avoiding construction interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a construction method for precast concrete exterior wall panels on a steel frame structure. Background Technology

[0002] Precast concrete exterior wall panels are a type of external envelope structural component that is mass-produced in factories using standardized templates. Currently, precast concrete exterior wall panels are widely used in prefabricated buildings due to their advantages such as high processing precision and fast construction speed.

[0003] However, applying this method to steel frame structures often presents several technical challenges. For example, initial architectural drawings frequently only indicate the location of the exterior wall panels, lacking detailed connection details between the panels and the steel frame structure. The connection methods used may lead to construction interference in practice. The installation gap between the precast exterior wall panels and the steel frame structure is typically very small, placing extremely high demands on the verticality and positioning accuracy of the steel frame structure. Cumulative errors from conventional steel frame installation methods can result in the exterior wall panels failing to be properly positioned or uneven joints between the panels, affecting the building's appearance and waterproofing performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a construction method for precast concrete exterior wall panels in steel frame structures that can resolve the aforementioned connection conflicts, improve construction safety and efficiency, and ensure installation accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method for precast concrete exterior wall panels in a steel frame structure, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction method for precast concrete exterior wall panels in a steel frame structure, comprising:

[0006] S1. Provide steel beams, and weld the corresponding brackets to the preset positions of the steel beams in the factory according to the layout design of the exterior wall panels;

[0007] S2. Install steel columns and steel beams;

[0008] S2 includes:

[0009] S21. Make alignment lines at both ends of the steel column and verticality control lines on the steel column body in advance;

[0010] S22. When installing the first section of steel column, precise positioning is achieved using spatial positioning equipment. Starting from the second section of column, horizontal positioning is achieved by aligning the two ends of the steel column. The verticality of the steel column is then ensured by observing the vertical positioning lines in two mutually perpendicular directions of the column body using spatial positioning equipment. Finally, the column spacing is verified using a rangefinder.

[0011] S23. A lifting adjustment mechanism is provided between the lower column and the upper column to adjust the horizontal position and verticality between the lower column and the upper column.

[0012] S24. Temporarily fix the lower column and the upper column, and reinforce them by welding;

[0013] S25. Install the steel beams onto the steel columns;

[0014] S3. Embed a first connector at the bottom of the exterior wall panel and a second connector at the top of the exterior wall panel. Hoist the exterior wall panel so that the first connector and the second connector are respectively connected to the corbel on the steel beam to form a bottom-supporting and top-pulling connection.

[0015] S31. Divide the exterior wall cladding into exterior wall cladding with windows and exterior wall cladding without windows, and divide the corbels into rectangular corbels and trapezoidal corbels.

[0016] S32. Connect the second connector on the windowed exterior wall panel to the trapezoidal bracket on the steel beam, with an operating space reserved between the trapezoidal bracket and the second connector; connect the second connector on the windowless exterior wall panel to the rectangular bracket on the steel beam.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, and distinguishing whether the installation location has a window, the corresponding brackets are welded to the pre-set positions on the steel beams in the factory. After installation, they are directly transported to the construction site by transportation equipment. This not only improves the construction period and ensures construction quality, but also effectively reduces construction safety hazards. The first steel column is precisely positioned using spatial positioning equipment, serving as the positioning benchmark for the entire structure. For subsequent steel columns, alignment lines are used to maintain the horizontal alignment of adjacent columns. This allows operators to control the verticality of adjacent steel columns using the jacking and adjustment mechanism, thereby adjusting them to the correct relative position and preventing tilting or twisting during installation. This ensures relative accuracy while effectively improving construction speed and avoiding repeated measurements. Using multiple measuring instruments for vertical alignment detection is equivalent to cross-verification, achieving… The dual control of the horizontal and vertical positions of the steel columns balances construction efficiency and precision. The use of handheld rangefinders effectively ensures consistent gaps between adjacent frames, preventing overall dimensional deviations caused by welding deformation or cumulative installation errors. The bottom-support-top-pull connection method clearly defines connection points while ensuring the overall installation accuracy and connection stability of the steel frame structure. By differentiating whether there are windows at the installation location, the corresponding brackets are welded to the pre-set positions on the steel beams in the factory. After installation, they are directly transported to the construction site by transport equipment. Then, operators install the pre-classified and fixed brackets onto the corresponding exterior wall panels according to their type, thus avoiding safety hazards caused by on-site classification and installation and reducing the model mismatch rate during on-site classification and installation. This not only improves the construction period and ensures construction quality but also effectively reduces construction safety hazards.

[0018] Optionally, in S23, when fine-tuning the horizontal positioning deviation, a first support plate is welded to the top of the lower column section at a lower vertical position of the steel column, and the lifting adjustment mechanism is arranged between the horizontal section of the first support plate and the protruding side wall of the upper column section at a higher vertical position of the steel column. The lifting adjustment mechanism pushes the protruding side wall of the upper column section back to the correct position, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the misalignment.

[0019] When fine-tuning the vertical positioning deviation, a second support plate is welded to the top of the lower column section, and an adjustment plate is welded to the bottom of the upper column section. The lifting and adjustment mechanism is arranged between the vertical section of the second support plate and the horizontal section of the adjustment plate. The lifting and adjustment mechanism pushes the horizontal section of the adjustment plate to make the upper column protruding side wall return to the correct position, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the misalignment.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when adjusting for horizontal deviation, the first support plate is welded to the top of the lower column, and the lifting adjustment mechanism is placed between the horizontal section of the first support plate and the protruding side wall of the upper column. The lateral thrust generated by the lifting adjustment mechanism pushes the upper column to move laterally, thereby correcting the horizontal position deviation of the upper column and avoiding damage to the components caused by directly prying the upper column. When adjusting for vertical deviation, the vertical section of the second support plate is used as the support structure. The lifting adjustment mechanism pushes the horizontal section of the adjustment plate vertically, thereby driving the upper column to move vertically, thereby correcting the vertical deviation of the upper column.

[0021] Optionally, the "welding reinforcement" in S24 includes:

[0022] The lower and upper column sections are reinforced by welding using a two-person symmetrical welding method. The verticality of the welded areas of the lower and upper column sections is also checked. If welding deformation causes a change in the verticality of the lower and upper column sections, a hand-operated hoist is used to correct the verticality of the lower and upper column sections.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, two welders are arranged to simultaneously weld the connection point between the lower and upper sections of the steel column at symmetrical positions on both sides. By balancing the welding heat input and cooling shrinkage rate, the shrinkage stress generated during unilateral welding is offset, thereby reducing the verticality deviation of the steel column caused by uneven shrinkage and ensuring the vertical accuracy of the steel column after welding. At the same time, a dedicated person is arranged to use high-precision measuring tools to dynamically monitor the verticality of the steel column during the welding process and after welding, ensuring that deviations are detected in a timely manner and avoiding the accumulation of errors in subsequent processes. If verticality deviations caused by welding deformation are detected, the position of the upper section of the column is finely adjusted by applying tension or push force with a hand-operated hoist to avoid the accumulation of deviations.

[0024] Optionally, S25 includes:

[0025] The steel columns and beams are connected by a two-person symmetrical welding method. The verticality of the welded areas of the steel columns and beams is checked. If the welding deformation causes a change in the verticality of the steel columns and beams, a hand-operated hoist is used to correct the verticality of the steel columns and beams.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, two welders are arranged to simultaneously weld the steel beam at symmetrical positions on both sides of the steel column. By balancing the welding heat input and cooling shrinkage rate, the longitudinal or transverse welding stress generated by unilateral welding is offset, thereby avoiding local overheating and stress concentration caused by traditional unilateral welding. This ensures that the welding residual stress is evenly distributed in the welding area of ​​the steel column and steel beam, thereby reducing the deformation caused by stress release and ensuring the relative positional accuracy of the steel column and steel beam after connection. At the same time, a dedicated person is arranged to monitor the perpendicularity of the welded steel column and steel beam using high-precision measuring tools. If a perpendicularity deviation caused by welding deformation is detected, the position of the steel beam is finely adjusted by applying tension or push force using a hand-operated hoist.

[0027] Optionally, after S25, the method further includes:

[0028] After the steel columns and beams are installed, the horizontal and vertical positioning of each steel column and beam section is inspected and accepted on site. After the inspection and acceptance are passed, the next construction process can be carried out.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, each steel column and beam section is inspected section by section to avoid cumulative errors, ensuring that the positioning deviation of a single node is controlled within the design allowable range, and avoiding the superposition of deviations of multiple steel columns and beams that could lead to uncontrolled deviations in the overall structure. At the same time, the horizontal and vertical positioning deviations are detected, covering all positioning references of the steel frame structure, providing accurate references for the subsequent installation of the external cladding panels.

[0030] Optionally, after S3, the method further includes:

[0031] Before installing the exterior wall cladding, measurements and lines should be taken, and the installation positions of the exterior wall cladding and the first and second connectors should be marked on the steel columns and beams before installation.

[0032] Weld or bolt the first connector to the second connector onto the bracket according to the installation position line.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the planar coordinates and elevation of the exterior wall panel on the steel frame structure are determined, thereby ensuring that the overall layout of the exterior wall panel conforms to the design drawings. The spatial coordinates of the installation positions of the first and second connectors are accurately marked, ensuring that the first and second connectors correspond one-to-one with the reserved nodes on the exterior wall panel, thus avoiding drilling or cutting on site.

[0034] Optionally, after S4, the following may also be included:

[0035] When hoisting the exterior wall panels using hoisting equipment, ensure that the main hook, lifting gear, and center of gravity of the exterior wall panels are aligned vertically, and that the angle between the hoisting equipment's slings and the exterior wall panels is no greater than 60° and no less than 45°.

[0036] The hoisting equipment is lifted at a constant speed. After lifting, it is paused briefly to check and confirm that the lifting point is safe and reliable. Then, the lifting is continued at a constant speed and brought closer to the work surface to be installed.

[0037] When the exterior wall panel is hoisted above the work surface, the hoisting equipment controls the descent of the exterior wall panel. After pausing slightly 2m above the work surface to determine the position of the exterior wall panel, the descent direction of the exterior wall panel is controlled by the traction rope.

[0038] The exterior wall panel is lowered to a position 0.3m to 0.5m above the work surface. The angle of the exterior wall panel is adjusted and the panel is controlled to fall at a uniform speed. The panel is then pulled to the installation position using a traction rope, and the first and second connectors are aligned and installed.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the position of the lifting point on the exterior wall panel is pre-adjusted to ensure that the center of gravity of the main hook, lifting equipment, and exterior wall panel coincides in the vertical direction. This eliminates eccentric torque of the lifting equipment during the lifting process and prevents the wall panel from rotating or swaying due to unilateral force. The horizontal angle between the sling and the exterior wall panel is set between 45° and 60° to ensure uniform force distribution on the sling. If the angle is too small, the horizontal component of the sling will be too large, which may tear the lifting point. If the angle is too large, the vertical component of the sling will be insufficient, requiring a larger lifting force. Initially, the lifting is slow to avoid instantaneous overload that could cause the lifting equipment to break or the exterior wall panel to crack. After lifting, the lifting point is observed for micro-cracks or deformation to re-verify the safety of the lifting system. The plane angle of the exterior wall panel is adjusted by the traction rope to control the direction of descent, thereby preventing collision between the exterior wall panel and the steel frame structure. The exterior wall panel is lowered to 0.3m to 0.5m from the working surface. After that, the angle of the exterior wall panel is adjusted again using a traction rope to ensure that the exterior wall panel can be precisely aligned with the first and second connectors.

[0040] Optionally, after S5, the method further includes:

[0041] S61. After the exterior wall panel is in place, use a plumb line or straightedge to check the verticality of the prefabricated exterior wall panel. Based on the check results, use the exterior wall panel auxiliary adjustment tool to adjust the panel position accordingly. After adjustment, temporarily fix the exterior wall panel to the second connector.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, after the exterior wall panels are connected and in place, the verticality of the exterior wall panels is checked by plumb line or straightedge. Then, based on the test results, the position of the exterior wall panels is adjusted accordingly using auxiliary adjustment tools to ensure that the positional deviation of the exterior wall panels is within an acceptable range. This ensures that the verticality of the exterior wall panels after installation meets the specifications. The exterior wall panels are then temporarily fixed to the second connector to prevent displacement of the exterior wall panels due to their own weight or wind force after the hooks are removed.

[0043] Optionally, in S21, the mating lines at both ends of the steel column are formed on the column body by hammering, and the verticality control line of the steel column body is set as the external angle line at the intersection with the adjacent plate of the column body.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, an indentation is created on the column using a hammer, forming a visible alignment line that is easy for operators to observe. This replaces traditional marking or sticker markings. The indented alignment line created by hammering has wear-resistant and oil-resistant properties compared to traditional marking or sticker markings, and remains clear throughout subsequent hoisting or welding processes. This avoids the positioning failure caused by the easy wear and tear of traditional chalk or paint markings and sticker markings. The geometric intersection edges naturally formed during the rolling or welding of the steel column are used as external corner lines, replacing traditional marking or sticker markings. The straightness of the external corner lines is determined by the factory's processing precision. Compared to the cumulative error caused by manual drawing on the construction site, the naturally formed external corner lines are more accurate, effectively reducing rework due to insufficient precision. At the same time, the column naturally has four external corner lines, allowing operators to simultaneously control the verticality deviation of the steel column in both the X and Y axes. By observing the deviation of the external corner lines in both directions, it is possible to quickly determine whether there is any twisting deformation in the column, effectively reducing the installation time of adjacent steel columns.

[0045] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0046] 1. By setting trapezoidal and rectangular brackets differently depending on whether there are windows, the steel frame structure can flexibly adapt to the connection window area and the complete wall area of ​​the concrete cladding, avoiding construction interference.

[0047] 2. The combination of the first support plate, the second support plate, and the lifting and adjusting mechanism enables independent adjustment of the horizontal and vertical deviations of the steel frame structure without disassembling and reinstalling the already installed steel frame structure, thus shortening the adjustment time and reducing the risk of structural damage.

[0048] 3. By performing multiple tests and positioning, including horizontal positioning of the connecting line and vertical positioning of the external corner line, combined with precise positioning of the first section, positioning of the marking line of the second section, and verification by handheld measuring instruments, and by setting up a lifting and adjustment mechanism to correct minor horizontal or vertical deviations of the steel frame structure, the hidden dangers such as uneven joints and water leakage caused by cumulative deviations are effectively avoided. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 (a) is a front view schematic diagram of the exterior wall cladding structure of this application. Figure 1 (b) is a side view of the exterior wall panel with a window. Figure 1 (c) is a side view of the exterior wall cladding in a windowless position;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the steel column structure of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the steel frame structure of this application;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and adjusting mechanism and the first support plate structure of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and adjusting mechanism, the second support plate, and the adjusting plate structure of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting plate structure of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first connector in this application;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second connector structure in the windowless position of this application;

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second connector structure with a window position in this application;

[0058] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a second connector structure with a window location in some related technologies;

[0059] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting equipment structure in this application.

[0060] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Steel beam; 2. Exterior wall panel; 21. Lifting point; 3. Steel column; 31. Lower column section; 32. Upper column section; 33. Connecting plate; 4. Alignment line; 5. External corner line; 6. Spatial positioning device; 7. Lifting and adjusting mechanism; 8. First support plate; 81. Horizontal section of the first support plate; 9. Second support plate; 91. Vertical section of the second support plate; 10. Adjusting plate; 101. Horizontal section of the adjusting plate; 11. First connecting piece; 12. Second connecting piece; 13. Rectangular corbel; 14. Trapezoidal corbel; 15. Lifting equipment; 151. Lifting tool; 152. Main hook; 153. Lifting sling. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-11 This application will be described in further detail.

[0062] This application discloses a construction method for precast concrete exterior wall panels in a steel frame structure, including the following steps:

[0063] S1. Provide steel beam 1, and weld the corresponding brackets to the preset positions of steel beam 1 in the factory according to the layout design of the exterior wall panel 2.

[0064] S2, Install steel column 3 and steel beam 1.

[0065] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 Specifically, S2 includes: S21, making alignment lines 4 at both ends of the steel column 3 in advance, and making verticality control lines on the steel column 3.

[0066] In S21, the mating lines 4 at both ends of the steel column 3 are formed by hammering them onto the column body. The verticality control line of the steel column 3 is set as the external corner line 5 at the intersection with the adjacent plate of the column body. The mating lines 4 are formed by hammering the column body to create indentations, thereby creating visible mating lines 4 on the column body for easy observation by operators. This replaces the traditional marking or sticker marking. The mating lines 4 with indentations created by hammering have wear-resistant and oil-resistant properties compared to traditional marking or sticker marking, and can remain clear in subsequent hoisting or welding processes.

[0067] Continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2 The geometric intersection edges naturally formed during the rolling or welding of the steel column 3 are used as external corner lines 5, replacing traditional marking or stickers. The straightness of the external corner lines 5 is determined by the processing precision of the factory. Compared with the cumulative error caused by manual marking on the construction site, the naturally formed external corner lines 5 are more accurate, thereby reducing rework caused by insufficient precision. At the same time, the column body naturally has 4 external corner lines 5, which allows operators to control the verticality deviation of the steel column 3 in both the X and Y axes simultaneously through the 4 external corner lines 5. By observing the deviation of the external corner lines 5 in the two directions, it is possible to quickly determine whether there is any twisting deformation in the column body, effectively reducing the installation time of adjacent steel columns 3.

[0068] The alignment line 4 is physically marked at both ends of the steel column 3 in the vertical direction, providing a clear installation reference point for connecting subsequent steel columns 3, so that adjacent steel columns 3 can be accurately horizontally aligned during initial installation. The external corner line 5 at the junction of adjacent plates of the column body is used as the vertical positioning line, making the vertical positioning line a highly visible and accurate vertical alignment guide.

[0069] See Figure 3 S22. When the first steel column 3 is installed, it is precisely positioned by the spatial positioning device 6. Starting from the second column, the horizontal positioning is performed by the alignment line 4 at both ends of the steel column 3. The verticality of the steel column 3 is then ensured by observing the vertical positioning lines in two mutually perpendicular directions of the column body through the spatial positioning device 6. The column spacing is then checked by the rangefinder.

[0070] Specifically, the first steel column 3 is precisely positioned using spatial positioning device 6, thus serving as the positioning benchmark for the entire structure. After the first steel column 3 is precisely positioned, operators can accurately assemble it by observing whether the alignment lines 4 of subsequent adjacent steel columns 3 are aligned and whether the vertical positioning lines are aligned. This reduces the number of repeated external measurements and facilitates operators in controlling the verticality of the steel columns 3 to determine the correct relative position between adjacent steel columns 3, preventing the steel columns 3 from tilting or twisting during installation. Using multiple spatial positioning devices 6 to detect the vertical alignment of the column body is equivalent to cross-verification, achieving dual control of the horizontal position and verticality of the steel columns 3, balancing construction efficiency and accuracy. The handheld rangefinder effectively ensures that the gap between adjacent steel columns 3 is consistent, avoiding overall dimensional deviations caused by welding deformation or cumulative installation errors. The spatial positioning device 6 is set as a total station.

[0071] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 S23. A lifting adjustment mechanism 7 is provided between the lower column 31 and the upper column 32 to adjust the horizontal position and verticality between the lower column 31 and the upper column 32.

[0072] See Figure 4 In S23, when fine-tuning the horizontal positioning deviation, the first support plate 8 is first welded to the top of the lower column 31, which is at a lower vertical position of the steel column 3. The lifting adjustment mechanism 7 is arranged between the horizontal section 81 of the first support plate and the protruding side wall of the upper column 32, which is at a higher vertical position of the steel column 3. Then, the lateral thrust generated by the lifting adjustment mechanism 7 pushes the protruding side wall of the upper column 32 back to the correct position, thereby correcting the horizontal positioning deviation of the upper column 32.

[0073] See Figure 5 When fine-tuning the vertical positioning deviation, first weld the second support plate 9 to the top of the lower column 31, use the vertical section 91 of the second support plate as the support structure, and weld the adjustment plate 10 to the bottom of the upper column 32. Arrange the lifting adjustment mechanism 7 between the vertical section 91 of the second support plate and the horizontal section 101 of the adjustment plate. Then, the lifting adjustment mechanism 7 vertically pushes the horizontal section 101 of the adjustment plate, thereby driving the upper column 32 to move vertically, thereby correcting the verticality deviation of the upper column 32. The lifting adjustment mechanism 7 is set as a jack.

[0074] S24. Temporarily fix the lower column 31 and the upper column 32, and reinforce them by welding.

[0075] See Figure 6In S24, after adjustment, the steel column is temporarily fixed by the connecting plate 33 between the three sections, and then reinforced by welding. During the welding process, a double-person symmetrical welding method is used to reinforce the lower column 31 and the upper column 32. A special person is arranged to check the verticality of the welding area between the lower column 31 and the upper column 32. If the welding deformation causes the verticality of the lower column 31 and the upper column 32 to change, a hand-operated hoist is used to correct the verticality of the lower column 31 and the upper column 32.

[0076] Specifically, two welders are arranged to simultaneously weld the connection points of the lower column 31 and the upper column 32 at symmetrical positions on both sides of the steel column 3. By balancing the welding heat input and cooling shrinkage rate, the shrinkage stress generated during unilateral welding is offset, thereby reducing the verticality deviation of the steel column 3 caused by uneven shrinkage and ensuring the vertical accuracy of the steel column 3 after welding. At the same time, a dedicated person is arranged to use high-precision measuring tools to dynamically monitor the verticality of the steel column 3 during the welding process and after welding, ensuring that deviations are detected in time and avoiding the accumulation of errors in subsequent processes. If verticality deviations caused by welding deformation are detected, the position of the upper column 32 is finely adjusted by applying tension or push force with a hand-operated hoist to avoid the accumulation of deviations.

[0077] S25. Install steel beam 1 onto steel column 3.

[0078] See Figure 3 In S25, a two-person symmetrical welding method is used to connect the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1; and the verticality of the welding area of ​​the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1 is tested. If the welding deformation causes the verticality of the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1 to change, a hand-operated hoist is used to correct the verticality of the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1.

[0079] Specifically, two welders are arranged to simultaneously weld the steel beam 1 at symmetrical positions on both sides of the steel column 3. By balancing the welding heat input and cooling shrinkage rate, the longitudinal or transverse welding stress generated by unilateral welding is offset, thereby avoiding local overheating and stress concentration caused by traditional unilateral welding. This ensures that the residual welding stress is evenly distributed in the welding area of ​​the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1, thereby reducing the deformation caused by stress release and ensuring the relative positional accuracy of the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1 after connection. At the same time, a dedicated person is arranged to monitor the perpendicularity of the welded steel column 3 and the steel beam 1 using high-precision measuring tools. If a perpendicularity deviation caused by welding deformation is detected, the position of the steel beam 1 is finely adjusted by applying tension or push force using a hand-operated hoist.

[0080] See Figure 1 and Figure 7 S3. Embed the first connector 11 at the bottom of the exterior wall panel 2 and the second connector 12 at the top of the exterior wall panel 2. Hoist the exterior wall panel 2 so that the first connector 11 and the second connector 12 are respectively connected to the corbel on the steel beam 1 to form a bottom-supporting and top-pulling connection.

[0081] See Figure 7 and Figure 8 S3 also includes: S31, dividing the exterior wall panel 2 into exterior wall panel 2 with windows and exterior wall panel 2 without windows, and dividing the corbel into rectangular corbel 13 and trapezoidal corbel 14;

[0082] Specifically, the corresponding brackets are welded to the pre-set positions on the steel beam 1 in the factory. After installation, they are transported directly to the construction site by transportation equipment. Then, the operators connect the second connector 12 on the windowed exterior wall panel 2 to the trapezoidal bracket 14 on the steel beam 1, and connect the second connector 12 on the windowless exterior wall panel 2 to the rectangular bracket 13 on the steel beam 1. This avoids the safety hazards caused by on-site classification and installation, and reduces the model mismatch rate during on-site classification and installation. It not only improves the construction period and ensures the construction quality, but also effectively reduces construction safety hazards.

[0083] See Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 Meanwhile, although some related technologies have taken into account the window factor and arranged the second connector 12 upwards, the nut on the second connector 12 still penetrates into the corbel during on-site installation, hindering construction and making installation impossible. To further solve this problem, this solution adjusts the rectangular corbel 13 at the window position to a trapezoidal corbel 14. The trapezoidal corbel 14 and the second connector 12 will have reserved operating space, and there is no construction interference between the two, thus meeting the on-site construction requirements. Since the windowless exterior wall panel 2 does not need to consider the window factor, the second connector 12 can be installed below the window position.

[0084] For S2, after S25, it also includes: S26, after the steel column 3 and steel beam 1 are installed, the horizontal and vertical positioning of each section of steel column 3 and steel beam 1 are tested and accepted on site. After the test and acceptance are passed, the next construction process is carried out.

[0085] Specifically, each section of steel column 3 is inspected to check the connection nodes between each steel column 3 and adjacent steel columns 3, as well as the connection between steel column 3 and steel beam 1 to avoid cumulative errors. This ensures that the positioning deviation of a single connection node is controlled within the design allowable range, preventing the superposition of deviations between each steel column 3 and adjacent steel columns 3, as well as between steel column 3 and steel beam 1, from causing the overall structural deviation to become out of control. At the same time, the horizontal positioning deviation and vertical positioning deviation are checked, covering all positioning references of the steel frame structure, providing accurate installation references for the subsequent installation of the external wall cladding 2.

[0086] Following S3 is S4, which involves assembling the steel frame structure consisting of the exterior wall panel 2, steel column 3, and steel beam 1.

[0087] See Figure 3Specifically, S4 includes: S41. Before installing the exterior wall panel 2, measurement and layout are carried out. The installation position lines of the exterior wall panel 2 and the installation position lines of the first connector 11 and the second connector 12 are marked on the steel column 3 and the steel beam 1 before installation.

[0088] S42. Weld or bolt the first connector 11 and the second connector 12 onto the rectangular bracket 13 or trapezoidal bracket 14 according to the installation position line.

[0089] Determine the plane coordinates and elevation of the exterior wall panel 2 on the steel frame structure, so that the overall layout of the exterior wall panel 2 conforms to the design drawings. Accurately mark the spatial coordinates of the installation positions of the first connector 11 and the second connector 12 to ensure that the first connector 11 and the second connector 12 correspond one-to-one with the reserved nodes on the exterior wall panel 2, avoiding drilling or cutting on site.

[0090] Following S4, it also includes: S5, providing hoisting equipment 15, and conducting a trial hoisting using hoisting equipment 15 before hoisting the exterior wall panel 2.

[0091] See Figure 11 Specifically, S5 includes: before the trial lift, inspecting the lifting point 21 and the lifting tool 151, and after the inspection is passed, connecting the main hook 152 on the lifting equipment 15 to the outer wall panel 2.

[0092] Before the trial lift, a visual inspection is conducted on the lifting points 21 on the external wall panel 2 and the lifting device 151 on the hoisting equipment 15 to check for cracks and deformations, etc., to confirm the connection strength between the main hook 152 on the hoisting equipment 15 and the external wall panel 2, so as to avoid the lifting points 21 from falling off or the external wall panel 2 from cracking during the hoisting process. The wear degree and connection reliability of the lifting device 151 are checked to prevent falling accidents caused by the failure of the lifting device 151. After the inspection is passed, the main hook 152 of the hoisting equipment 15 is connected to the external wall panel 2 before the trial lift. This forms a clear sequence of inspection first, inspection passed and then connection and trial lift, thereby eliminating safety hazards from the management level.

[0093] Continue reading Figure 11 S5 also includes:

[0094] S51. The external wall panel 2 is hoisted by the hoisting equipment 15. The main hook 152, the lifting tool 151 and the center of gravity of the external wall panel 2 of the hoisting equipment 15 are controlled to coincide in the vertical direction, so that the angle between the sling 153 of the hoisting equipment 15 and the horizontal angle of the external wall panel 2 is not greater than 60° and not less than 45°.

[0095] Specifically, the position of the lifting point 21 on the outer wall panel 2 is pre-adjusted so that the center of gravity of the main hook 152, the lifting device 151 and the outer wall panel 2 coincide in the vertical direction, eliminating the eccentric torque of the lifting equipment 15 during the lifting process and preventing the wall panel from rotating or swaying due to unilateral force; the horizontal angle between the sling 153 and the outer wall panel 2 is set between 45° and 60° to make the force on the sling 153 uniform, avoiding the horizontal component of the sling 153 being too large due to the angle being too small, which would tear the lifting point 21, or the vertical component of the sling 153 being insufficient due to the angle being too large, which would require a larger lifting force.

[0096] S52. Lifting equipment 15 is lifted at a constant speed. After lifting, pause briefly to check and confirm that the lifting point 21 is safe and reliable. Then continue to control the lifting and slowly approach the work surface to be installed.

[0097] Specifically, the lifting is initially slow to avoid breakage of the lifting device 151 or cracking of the external wall panel 2 due to instantaneous overload. After lifting, the safety of the lifting system is verified again by pausing to observe whether micro-cracks or deformations appear at the lifting point 21. The working surface refers to the preset node where the operator installs the external wall panel 2 on the steel frame structure.

[0098] S53. When the exterior wall panel 2 is hoisted above the working surface, the direction of descent of the exterior wall panel 2 is controlled by the traction rope to ensure that the exterior wall panel 2 falls stably without rotating. It pauses slightly at a distance of 2m above the working surface to determine the orientation of the exterior wall panel 2.

[0099] Specifically, the descent direction of the external wall panel 2 is controlled by adjusting the plane angle of the external wall panel 2 through the traction rope, thereby avoiding collision between the external wall panel 2 and the steel frame structure.

[0100] S54. When the exterior wall panel 2 is lowered to a position 0.3m to 0.5m from the working surface, adjust the angle of the exterior wall panel 2, control the exterior wall panel 2 to descend at a uniform speed, pull the exterior wall panel 2 to the installation position, and align and install the first connector 11 and the second connector 12.

[0101] Specifically, after the exterior wall panel 2 is lowered to a position 0.3m to 0.5m above the working surface, the angle of the exterior wall panel 2 is adjusted again using a traction rope to ensure that the exterior wall panel 2 can be precisely connected with the first connector 11 and the second connector 12.

[0102] Following S5 is S6, which adjusts the position of the exterior wall panel 2.

[0103] Specifically, S6 includes: S61. After the exterior wall panel 2 is in place, use a plumb line or straightedge to check the verticality of the prefabricated exterior wall panel 2. According to the check result, use the auxiliary adjustment tool of the exterior wall panel 2 to adjust the position of the panel surface of the exterior wall panel 2 accordingly. After adjustment, temporarily fix the exterior wall panel 2 to the second connector 12 with bolts. After it is firmly fixed, remove the hook.

[0104] After the exterior wall panel 2 is in place, the verticality of the exterior wall panel 2 is checked by plumb line or straightedge. Then, based on the test results, the position of the exterior wall panel 2 is adjusted accordingly using the auxiliary adjustment tool to ensure that the positional deviation of the exterior wall panel 2 is within an acceptable range. This ensures that the verticality of the exterior wall panel 2 after installation meets the specifications. The exterior wall panel 2 is then temporarily fixed to the second connector 12 to prevent the exterior wall panel 2 from shifting due to its own weight or wind force after the hook is removed.

[0105] The process after S6 includes: S7, after the installation of the exterior wall panel 2, testing and acceptance of all weld positions and the fixing positions of the first connector 11, the second connector 12 and the exterior wall panel 2, and anti-corrosion and anti-rust treatment after the testing and acceptance are passed.

[0106] Specifically, visual inspection is conducted to ensure that the weld surface is uniform, smooth, full, wrinkle-free, and uninterrupted, and to check for cracks, slag inclusions, weld beads, burn-through, arc craters, pinholes, fusion spatter, undercut, root shrinkage, and incomplete welding. This ensures that the weld surface is basically smoothly connected to the metal, guaranteeing that the welded joints meet the load-bearing requirements. The external wall cladding 2 is also inspected for through cracks and dimensional deviations that could affect structural performance, installation, and construction. Mechanical performance of the external wall cladding 2 is randomly checked to eliminate potential structural safety hazards. Anti-corrosion paint is applied only to qualified joints after inspection and acceptance, ensuring that anti-corrosion treatment is only applied to qualified joints to avoid damaging the anti-corrosion layer during the repair of unqualified joints. At the same time, sandblasting or manual rust removal is used to pre-treat the welded and fixed connection positions to improve paint film adhesion and effectively prevent steel corrosion.

[0107] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A construction method of a steel frame structure precast concrete outer wall panel, characterized in that, The application relates to a steel column and steel beam connection structure and a construction method thereof. S1, providing a steel beam (1), corresponding brackets are welded to the steel beam (1) at preset positions according to the layout design of an outer wall hanging plate (2); S2, installing a steel column (3) and the steel beam (1); S2 comprises: S21, a matching line (4) is made at two ends of the steel column (3) and a verticality control line is made on the steel column (3); S22, when the first steel column (3) is installed, accurate positioning is carried out through a space positioning device (6), when the second steel column is installed, horizontal positioning is carried out through the matching line (4) at the two ends of the steel column (3), then the verticality of the steel column (3) is ensured by observing the vertical positioning lines of the two mutually perpendicular directions of the column body through the space positioning device (6), and the distance between the columns is checked through a range finder; S23, a jacking adjusting mechanism (7) is arranged between the lower steel column (31) and the upper steel column (32), and the horizontal position and the verticality between the lower steel column (31) and the upper steel column (32) are adjusted through the jacking adjusting mechanism (7); S24, the lower steel column (31) and the upper steel column (32) are temporarily fixed and welded and reinforced; S25, the steel beam (1) is installed on the steel column (3); S3, a first connecting piece (11) is pre-buried at the bottom of the outer wall hanging plate (2), a second connecting piece (12) is pre-buried at the top of the outer wall hanging plate (2), the outer wall hanging plate (2) is hoisted, and the first connecting piece (11) and the second connecting piece (12) are connected with the brackets on the steel beam (1) respectively to form a connection mode of lower supporting and upper pulling; S31, the outer wall hanging plate (2) is divided into a windowed outer wall hanging plate (2) and a non-windowed outer wall hanging plate (2), and the brackets are divided into rectangular brackets (13) and trapezoidal brackets (14); S32, the second connecting piece (12) on the windowed outer wall hanging plate (2) is connected with the trapezoidal bracket (14) on the steel beam (1), and an operation space is reserved between the trapezoidal bracket (14) and the second connecting piece (12); the second connecting piece (12) on the non-windowed outer wall hanging plate (2) is connected with the rectangular bracket (13) on the steel beam (1); S23 comprises: S231, when horizontal positioning deviation fine adjustment is carried out, a first supporting plate (8) is welded at the top end of the lower steel column (31) which is vertically lower than the upper steel column (32), the jacking adjusting mechanism (7) is arranged between the first supporting plate horizontal section (81) and the protruding side wall of the upper steel column (32) which is vertically higher than the lower steel column (31), the protruding side wall of the upper steel column (32) is pushed back to the normal position through the jacking adjusting mechanism (7), so that the purpose of adjusting the wrong edge is achieved; S232, when vertical positioning deviation fine adjustment is carried out, a second supporting plate (9) is welded at the top end of the lower steel column (31), an adjusting plate (10) is welded at the bottom end of the upper steel column (32), the jacking adjusting mechanism (7) is arranged between the second supporting plate vertical section (91) and the adjusting plate horizontal section (101), the protruding side wall of the upper steel column (32) is pushed back to the normal position through the jacking adjusting mechanism (7), so that the purpose of adjusting the wrong edge is achieved.

2. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The "welding reinforcement" in S24 comprises: The lower column (31) and the upper column (32) are welded and reinforced by means of double-person symmetric welding, and the perpendicularity of the welding area of the lower column (31) and the upper column (32) is detected; if the perpendicularity of the lower column (31) and the upper column (32) is changed due to welding deformation, the verticality of the lower column (31) and the upper column (32) is corrected by means of a hand-operated hoist.

3. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S25 comprises: The steel column (3) and the steel beam (1) are connected by means of double-person symmetric welding, and the perpendicularity of the welding area of the steel column (3) and the steel beam (1) is detected; if the perpendicularity of the steel column (3) and the steel beam (1) is changed due to welding deformation, the perpendicularity of the steel column (3) and the steel beam (1) is corrected by means of a hand-operated hoist.

4. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The S25 further comprises: S26, after the steel column (3) and the steel beam (1) are installed, the horizontal positioning degree and the vertical positioning degree of each steel column (3) and steel beam (1) are detected and accepted on site, and the next step construction is carried out after the detection and acceptance are passed.

5. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S3 further comprises: S41, before the outer wall hanging plate (2) is installed, measurement and line laying are carried out first, and the installation position line of the outer wall hanging plate (2) and the installation position line of the first connecting piece (11) and the second connecting piece (12) are marked on the steel column (3) and the steel beam (1) before installation; S42, the first connecting piece (11) and the second connecting piece (12) are welded or bolted on the corbel according to the installation position line.

6. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The S4 further comprises: S51, the outer wall hanging plate (2) is hoisted by hoisting lifting equipment (15), the center of gravity of the main hook (152), the lifting appliance (151) and the outer wall hanging plate (2) of the hoisting lifting equipment (15) are controlled to coincide in the vertical direction, the horizontal included angle between the hoisting cable (153) of the hoisting lifting equipment (15) and the outer wall hanging plate (2) is not greater than 60° and not less than 45°; S52, the hoisting lifting equipment (15) is hoisted at a constant speed, and after being hoisted, it is slightly stopped, and after checking and confirming that the lifting point (21) is safe and reliable, hoisting is continued, and the work surface to be installed is approached at a constant speed; S53, when the outer wall hanging plate (2) is hoisted above the work surface, the outer wall hanging plate (2) is controlled to fall by the hoisting lifting equipment (15), and is slightly stopped at a distance of 2m above the work surface, and after the direction of the outer wall hanging plate (2) is determined, the falling direction of the outer wall hanging plate (2) is controlled by the traction rope; S54, the outer wall hanging plate (2) is lowered to a distance of 0.3m-0.5m from the work surface, the angle of the outer wall hanging plate (2) is adjusted, and the outer wall hanging plate (2) is controlled to fall at a constant speed, the outer wall hanging plate (2) is pulled to the installation position by the traction rope, and the first connecting piece (11) and the second connecting piece (12) are aligned and installed.

7. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The S5 further comprises: S61, after the outer wall hanging plate (2) is in place, the perpendicularity of the prefabricated outer wall hanging plate (2) is checked by using a line plummet or a ruler, the plate surface position of the outer wall hanging plate (2) is adjusted by using the outer wall hanging plate (2) auxiliary adjustment tool according to the checking result, and after adjustment, the outer wall hanging plate (2) and the second connecting piece (12) are temporarily fixed.

8. The construction method of a prefabricated concrete outer wall panel of a steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S21, the butt lines (4) at both ends of the steel column (3) are formed by knocking on the column with a chisel, and the verticality control line of the column body of the steel column (3) is set as the external corner line (5) at the intersection of the adjacent plate blocks of the column body.

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