Arch frame for supporting underground surrounding rock roadway and using method of arch frame

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine engineering, in particular to an arch frame for supporting an underground surrounding rock roadway and a using method of the arch frame, and aims to solve the problems that an existing arch frame is insufficient in anchoring force on a weak surrounding rock roadway, and an arch beam has the risk of falling off. According to the method, the supporting anchor rods are additionally arranged on the arched girders, the contact area of the whole arched girders and surrounding rock is increased, so that the anchoring force of the arch frame is increased, the fixing and anti-falling effects are achieved, meanwhile, the arched girders and the arched legs are in sleeving design, linear contact is changed into sleeving surface contact through opposite clamping of the first clamping plates and the second clamping plates, and the supporting effect is good. The contact area of the arched beam and the arch frame is increased, the risk that the arched beam falls off is effectively prevented, the connecting strength of the arch frame is improved, and therefore the arch frame has enough anchoring force on a weak surrounding rock roadway, and the risk that the arched beam falls off is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically to an arch frame for supporting underground roadways in surrounding rock and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, as metal mines have continued to be mined deeper, the geological environment of the surrounding rock of the tunnels has changed significantly compared with that of the shallower areas. The rock mechanical properties of the surrounding rock in the deep tunnels of mines are more complex, and the problems of tunnel cracking and deformation are more serious.

[0003] In tunneling operations under weak surrounding rock conditions underground, the bench method is often used to ensure construction safety. This method reduces the amount of rock blasted at one time, minimizes the impact of blasting disturbance, and reduces the exposed area of ​​the working face, thereby improving safety. Under such rock conditions, arch supports are commonly used for reinforcement. In the early stages of arch beam erection, hook anchors are used to fix the arch beams. However, due to the fractured rock, the anchoring force of hook anchors alone is insufficient, and there is a risk of the arch beams falling off. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an arch frame for supporting underground roadways in surrounding rock and its usage method, in order to solve the problem that existing arch frames have insufficient anchoring force in roadways with weak surrounding rock and that the arch beams are at risk of falling off.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An arch frame for supporting underground rock tunnels includes symmetrically arranged arch beams with symmetrically arranged hooked anchor rods on the arch beams. Each arch beam has an arch leg fitted at its bottom. One end of the arch beam is detachably connected via a connecting plate, and the other end of the arch beam is fixedly provided with a support anchor rod pad. The support anchor rod pad is connected to the support anchor rod via a pre-set hole and a threaded connection. A first clamping plate is fitted at one end of the part where the arch beam and the arch leg intersect, and a second clamping plate is fitted at the other end of the part where the arch beam and the arch leg intersect. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are fixedly arranged facing each other.

[0006] It also includes an arch frame for supporting underground rock tunnels and its method of use, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Fix the two arch beams together with the connecting plate. Use a level to measure and align the center of the arch beam with the center line of the roadway, with the height of the two sides of the arch beam consistent with the distance from the waistline. Ensure that the arch frame will not deviate to the side. The spacing between the arch frames is determined based on the length of the tie rod. After the position is determined, mark it with paint.

[0007] Step 2: The operators lay out the anchor mesh spray support in the rock strata, then lift the arch beam to the spray painting mark position, temporarily fix the arch beam with two safety columns, and at the same time use wire to tie and fix the arch beam to the anchor rods and mesh in the anchor mesh spray support. The arch beams are connected with the frame tie rods, and the angle of the arch beams is corrected to ensure that the arch beams are perpendicular to the tunnel arch.

[0008] Step 3: Install fixed support anchors in the support anchor pads on both sides of the arch beam to anchor the surrounding rock of the roadway to the arch beam. Then remove the safety pillars. After the upper bench support is completed, blast and remove the slag from the lower bench.

[0009] Step 4: After the blasting and slag removal are completed, the arch legs are vertically fixed on the hard rock based on the waistline, and the two arch legs are at the same height and on the same horizontal line. A first clamping plate is installed on the side of the arch leg, and a second clamping plate is installed on the side of the arch beam. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are directly opposite each other and clamped to fix the arch beam and the arch leg.

[0010] Step 5: Insert hook anchors into the pre-set holes at the top of the arch beam. Based on the position of the hook anchors and the verticality of the drilling hole to the tunnel surface, match and fix the hook anchors to the drilling hole. Immediately pour mortar or cement, and then use inter-frame tie rods to connect the arch legs.

[0011] Furthermore, the support anchor plate has symmetrical pre-set holes, through which the support anchor is anchored to the support anchor plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the support anchor is made of threaded steel and is threadedly connected to the support anchor pad.

[0013] Furthermore, both the arch beams and arch legs are made of U-shaped steel.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This device uses connecting plates fixed on the arch beams to securely connect the two arch beams, more accurately determining the centerline of the arch beams and effectively preventing arch beam skewing during installation, thus ensuring construction safety. Support anchor plates are welded to the ends of the arch beams, and after the support anchors are inserted and fixed, the integrity of the arch frame is achieved. The support anchors are chiseled into the surrounding rock, increasing the contact area between the arch beams and the surrounding rock, giving the arch frame sufficient anchoring force in soft rock tunnels, making it more robust and reliable. The arch legs and arch beams are both U-shaped steel structures that are matched and clamped together by the first and second clamping plates, changing the "line contact" to "surface contact," increasing the contact area and improving the connection strength of the arch frame, eliminating the risk of arch beam detachment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a top view of the anchor plate supporting the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second clamping plates of the present invention being clamped to the arch beam and arch leg.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting plate of the present invention.

[0019] The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Arch beam; 2. Arch leg; 3. Connecting plate; 4. Supporting anchor bolt; 5. Supporting anchor bolt pad; 6. First clamping plate; 7. Second clamping plate; 8. Hook anchor bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown, an arch frame for supporting underground rock tunnels includes symmetrically arranged arch beams 1, with symmetrically arranged hook anchor rods 8 on the arch beams 1. Arch legs 2 are fitted at the bottom of each arch beam 1. One end of the arch beam 1 is detachably connected via a connecting plate 3, and the other end of the arch beam 1 is fixedly provided with a support anchor rod pad 5. The support anchor rod pad 5 is connected to a support anchor rod 4 via a pre-set hole and thread. A first clamping plate 6 is fitted at one end of the part where the arch beam 1 and the arch leg 2 are inserted, and a second clamping plate 7 is fitted at the other end of the part where the arch beam 1 and the arch leg 2 are inserted. The first clamping plate 6 and the second clamping plate 7 are fixedly arranged facing each other.

[0022] It also includes an arch frame for supporting underground rock tunnels and its method of use, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Fix the two arch beams 1 together with the connecting plate 3. Use a level to measure and align the center of the arch beam 1 with the center line of the roadway, with the height of both sides of the arch beam 1 consistent with the distance from the waistline, to ensure that the arch frame will not deviate to the side. The spacing between the arch frames is determined based on the length of the tie rod. After the position is determined, it is marked by spray painting.

[0023] Step 2: The operator lays out the anchor mesh spray support in the rock strata, then lifts the arch beam 1 to the spray painting mark position, temporarily fixes the arch beam 1 with two safety columns, and at the same time uses iron wire to tie and fix the arch beam 1 to the anchor rod and mesh in the anchor mesh spray support. The arch beam 1 is connected with the frame tie rod, and the angle of the arch beam 1 is corrected to ensure that the arch beam 1 is perpendicular to the tunnel arch.

[0024] Step 3: Install fixed support anchors 4 in the support anchor pads 5 on both sides of the arch beam 1 to anchor the surrounding rock of the roadway to the arch beam 1 through the support anchors 4. Then remove the safety pillars. After the upper bench support is completed, blast and remove the slag from the lower bench.

[0025] Step 4: After the blasting and slag removal is completed, the arch leg 2 is vertically fixed on the hard rock based on the waistline, and the two arch legs 2 are at the same height and on the same horizontal line. The first clamping plate 6 is installed on the side of the arch leg 2, and the second clamping plate 7 is installed on the side of the arch beam 1. The first clamping plate 6 and the second clamping plate 7 are directly opposite each other and clamped and fixed, thereby fixing the arch beam 1 and the arch leg 2.

[0026] Step 5: Insert hook anchor rods 8 into the pre-set holes at the top of the arch beam 1. Based on the position of the hook anchor rods 8 and the verticality of the rock drilling hole to the tunnel surface, match and fix the hook anchor rods 8 to the rock drilling hole. Immediately pour mortar or cement, and then use inter-frame tie rods to connect the arch legs 2.

Claims

1. An arch frame for supporting underground roadways in surrounding rock, comprising symmetrically arranged arch beams (1), with symmetrically arranged hook anchors (8) on the arch beams (1), and arch legs (2) fitted at the bottom of each arch beam (1), characterized in that: One end of the arch beam (1) is detachably connected by a connecting plate (3), and the other end of the arch beam (1) is fixedly provided with a support anchor plate (5). The support anchor plate (5) is connected to a support anchor (4) through a pre-set hole and thread. One end of the part where the arch beam (1) and the arch leg (2) are inserted is fitted with a first clamping plate (6), and the other end of the part where the arch beam (1) and the arch leg (2) are inserted is fitted with a second clamping plate (7). The first clamping plate (6) and the second clamping plate (7) are fixedly set facing each other.

2. It also includes an arch frame for supporting underground roadways in surrounding rock and its method of use, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix the two arch beams (1) together with the connecting plate (3). Use a level to measure and align the center of the arch beam (1) with the center line of the roadway. Make sure the height of the two sides of the arch beam (1) is consistent with the distance of the waistline to ensure that the arch frame will not deviate to the side. The spacing between the arch frames is determined by the length of the tie rod. After the position is determined, mark it with paint. Step 2: The operator lays out the anchor mesh spray support in the rock strata, then lifts the arch beam (1) to the spray mark position, temporarily fixes the arch beam (1) with two safety columns, and at the same time uses iron wire to tie and fix the arch beam (1) to the anchor rod and mesh in the anchor mesh spray support, and connects the arch beams (1) with the frame tie rods, while correcting the angle of the arch beam (1) to ensure that the arch beam (1) is perpendicular to the tunnel arch. Step 3: Install fixed support anchors (4) in the support anchor pads (5) on both sides of the arch beam (1) to anchor the surrounding rock of the roadway to the arch beam (1) through the support anchors (4). Then remove the safety pillars. After the upper bench support is completed, blast and remove the slag from the lower bench. Step 4: After the blasting and slag removal is completed, the arch leg (2) is vertically fixed on the hard rock based on the waistline, and the two arch legs (2) are at the same height and on the same horizontal line. A first clamping plate (6) is installed on the side of the arch leg (2), and a second clamping plate (7) is installed on the side of the arch beam (1). The first clamping plate (6) and the second clamping plate (7) are directly opposite each other and clamped and fixed, thereby fixing the arch beam (1) and the arch leg (2). Step 5: Insert hook anchor rods (8) into the pre-set holes at the top of the arch beam (1). According to the position of the hook anchor rods (8) and the verticality of the rock drilling hole to the roadway surface, match and fix the hook anchor rods (8) with the rock drilling hole. Immediately pour mortar or cement. Then use the inter-frame tie rods to connect the arch legs (2).

Images